Earthquake Disaster Prevention Guidebook

Earthquake countermeasures document No.283-2014 Earthquake Disaster Prevention Guidebook

BeBe PreparedPrepared

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Shizuoka Prefecture 5-9-1 Komagatadori, Aoi Ward, Shizuoka, 420-0042 Earthquake Disaster TEL. 054−251−7100 FAX. 054−251−7300 Prevention Center * Take care to enter the correct number. 備蓄食 2014.12 Unauthorized copying is prohibited. Printed using recycled paper. 備蓄食 Shizuoka Prefecture

ガイドブック E.indd 1 15/01/14 16:36 Table of Contents 1 Learning from other earthquakes

[Knowledge Section] 1) Previous Destructive Earthquakes Many earthquakes occur in Japan and its surrounding seas. 1. Learning from other earthquakes ...... Great East Japan 1) Previous Destructive Earthquakes 1 Tsunami damage Great Kanto Earthquake Fire outbreak Earthquake ...... 2) Magnitude (M) and Seismic Intensity 2 Dead: 15,885, missing: 2,632, 1923.9.1 M7.9 Dead and missing: 105,385. 2011.3.11 Mw9.0 injured: 6,148. (Current as of April 10, 2014) ...... The damage caused by the earthquake was magnified by multiple fires that broke 2. Large-Scale Earthquake Prediction 3 The Great East Japan Earthquake was an inter-plate earthquake, like the out afterwards. Disaster was widespread, with over 370,000 households fully or Tokai earthquake expected to occur in the near future would be. At partially destroyed, burned, or washed away. A tsunami also struck Sagami Bay, 1) The Tokai Earthquake Theory ...... 3 Mw9.0, it was the largest earthquake recorded in Japanese history. The with wave heights of 12m hitting Atami. earthquake resulted in a large-scale tsunami, which led to massive ...... damage. Damage was also caused by large-scale liquefaction and 2) Tension is Accumulating in the Ground 3 subsidence...... 3) Reoccurring Large Earthquakes 4 Southern Hyogo Prefecture Earthquake Urban & housing 3. Damage Assumptions for Large-scale Earthquake ...... 5.6 (Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake) destruction 1995.1.17 M7.3 Dead: 6,434, missing: 3, ...... injured: 43,792. 4. Tokai Earthquake Early Prediction and Warning 7 Hokkaido Toho-Oki Caused by movement of a fault directly beneath the metropolitan area (a Earthquake ...... near-field earthquake), this earthquake struck Awajishima, Kobe City, 1) Earthquake Prediction 7 Nishinomiya City and Takarazuka City with a seismic intensity of 7 on the 1994, M8.2 Japanese scale. The earthquake occurred early in the morning, when 2) Societal Conditions ...... 7 most people were still asleep. As a result, many people were killed by Earthquake off the collapsing buildings and toppled furniture. Massive damage was also Southwest coast of Hokkaido caused by issues such as collapsing overpasses on the expressway and 1993, M7.8 Tokachi-Oki Earthquake 3) What should you do? ...... 7 crumbling railway structures and concrete buildings. 1952, M8.2 ...... Tokachi-Oki Earthquake 5. What if an earthquake occurs suddenly? 8 Fukui Earthquake Housing destruction Central Sea of 2003, M8.0 Japan Earthquake Tokachi-Oki Earthquake ...... 1948.6.28 M7.1 Dead: 3,769, injured: 22,203. 1983, M7.7 1968, M7.9 6. Early Earthquake Warning 9 Akita Senboku Earthquake The Fukui earthquake centered on the Fukui Plain and nearby regions. 1914, M7.1 Building damage (collapsed: 36,184, partially destroyed: 11,816, Oga Earthquake Sanriku Earthquake and Tsunami 1) Earthquake Early Warnings ...... 1939, M6.8 Iwate-Miyagi 1933, M8.1 9 destroyed by fire: 3,851 buildings) and infrastructural damage was Nairiku Earthquake widespread. Many villages were completely destroyed. 2008, M7.2 2) What to do if an Early Earthquake Warning is released ...... Niigata Earthquake 9 1964, M7.5 Northern Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake 2003, M6.4 ...... 10 Niigataken Chuetsu-oki Earthquake Great East Japan Earthquake 2011, Mw9.0 7. Emergency Supplies/Rations 2007, M6.8 Miyagi Prefecture Earthquake 1978, M7.4 Noto Hanto Earthquake 2007, M6.9 1) Emergency Supplies Checklist (examples) ...... 10 Niigata Prefecture Chuetsu Earthquake 2004, M6.8 Tajima Earthquake 1925, M6.8 Otaki Earthquake Imaichi Earthquake Fukui Earthquake 1949, M6.4 1984, M6.8 2) Emergency Rations Checklist (examples) ...... 10 Kitatango Earthquake 1927, M7.3 1948, M7.1 Tottori Earthquake 1943, M7.2 Nishi-Saitama Earthquake 1931, M6.9 Anegawa Earthquake ...... 11 Western Tottori Prefecture Earthquake 1909, M6.8 8. Fire Prevention Measures 2000, M7.3 Taisho Kanto Earthquake 1923, M7.9 Fukuoka Seiho-Oki Earthquake Mikawa ...... 2005, M7.0 Southern Hyogo Earthquake North Izu Earthquake 9. Participate in Local Disaster Prevention Activities 11 Prefecture Earthquake 1945, M6.8 1930, M7.3 Geiyo Earthquake 1995, M7.3 2001, M6.7 ...... Tonankai Earthquake 10. Local Disaster Prevention Organizations 11 1944, M7.9 Ebino Earthquake 1) Activities Carried out Regularly/During Disaster ...... 11 1968, M6.1 Nankai Earthquake 1946, M8.0 Niigata Earthquake Liquefaction damage

[Appendix] 1964.6.16 M7.5 Dead: 26, injured: 447. Damage centered on Niigata, Yamagata and Akita, with 8,600 homes fully or partially destroyed, and 15,297 homes flooded. Gushing sand and water Appendix 1 If an earthquake occurs, what are your home’s If an earthquake Kikai Island Earthquake caused soil liquefaction that led to collapsing buildings and bridges and ...... 1911, M8.0 other damage. Oil storage tank fires also broke out, and were not occurs, what are your home’s 12 .13 extinguished until July 1. (Household edition) Niigata Prefecture Semi-mountainous area Concrete-block Chuetsu Earthquake Miyagiken oki Earthquake wall damage 2004.10.23 M6.8 Dead: 68, injured: 4,805. 1978.6.12 M7.4 Dead: 28, injured: 1,325. A near field earthquake that occurred in a semi-mountainous area, with a Damage centered on Miyagi Prefecture, with residential areas significantly seismic intensity of 7 on the Japanese scale recorded in the former affected. 18 of those killed and a large number of injuries were caused by Kawaguchimachi area of Nagaoka City. Damage was widespread, with crumbling concrete-block walls, gate posts and other such structures. mountainous and road landslides occurring throughout the region. The Widespread disruption from electricity, gas, water and other infrastructural isolated former village of Yamakoshi Village was forced to evacuate entirely. damage in Sendai City also occurred. 1

ガイドブック E.indd 2-1 15/01/14 16:36 Table of Contents 1 Learning from other earthquakes

ガイドブック E.indd 2-1 15/01/14 16:36 2) Magnitude (M) and Seismic Intensity 2 Magnitude (M) refers to the amount of energy of the earthquake itself. Large-Scale Earthquake Prediction The Japanese seismic intensity scale, meanwhile, measures the degree of shaking experienced in speciﬁc locations. 1) The Tokai Earthquake Theory PlatesPlates Near near the Japan Japan Islands Measured Seismic The Tokai Earthquake Theory was released in August 1976. According seismic intensity People Indoors Outdoors Wooden Reinforced Lifelines Soil bed/ intensity scale structures concrete slopes to the theory, it would “not be surprising if a large earthquake

happened tomorrow” in the Tokai area, particularly in the Shizuoka North People do not American 0 notice quaking. Prefecture region. Such an event would pose serious problems for the Plate

0.5 region. As a result, Shizuoka Prefecture began to implement earthquake Eurasian Plate Some people 1 indoors may feel countermeasures after the theory was released. a slight quake. The earth’s surface is made up of dozens of hard plates that are 1.5 Many people Hanging items such distributed like a jigsaw puzzle. These plates shift at a speed of up to indoors will feel as light ﬁxtures will 10 cm per year, in accordance with movement of the Earth’s mantle. It the quake, and swing slightly. Sea of Japan 2 some people is thought that the plates bump into and slide underneath each other Northeast Japan

may be woken if Japan Trench sleeping. (according to tectonic plate theory). 2.5 Most people Cutlery stored in Power lines will At the boundaries where these plates meet, large formations such as indoors will feel cabinets will rattle sway slightly. mountain ranges, ocean trenches and submarine mountain ranges are Suruga TroughSagami Trough 3 the quake, and and make noise. Southwest Japan Pacific Plate some may feel common, and earthquakes and volcanic activity may occur. alarmed. Nankai Trough 3.5 Philippine Sea Plate The quake will Hanging items will Power lines will be alarming, and swing significantly, sway significantly. some people and cutlery in People walking (Source: Tetsuzo Seno) will attempt to cabinets will rattle outside will feel 4 take cover. Most and make noise. the quake. People Predicted Hypocenter sleeping people Some poorly driving automobiles will be woken. balanced items may may also notice the of a Tokai Earthquake How Inter-plate Earthquakes Occur fall over. quake. The predicted Tokai earthquake would be considered an inter-plate earthquake 4.5 Many people Hanging items will Window glass may Homes with low Buildings with low Safety devices may Weak soil (also referred to as a subduction-zone earthquake). The boundaries of the Philippine will attempt to swing violently, and break and fall. earthquakeearthquake-resistance trigger, and gas beds may Sea Plate and Eurasian Plate meet in the deepest area of Suruga Bay (known as the take cover. Some cutlery in cabinets Swaying telephone resistance may may experience cracks may be stopped for develop cracks. Suruga Trough). people may and books on poles will also suffer wall or in walls. some households. Falling rocks find that their shelves may fall. be visible. Non- support damage. Occasionally, damage and small 5-lower movement is Poorly balanced reinforced concrete- may occur to water landslides inhibited. items will have block walls may pipes, causing water may occur in a high chance of crumble, and supplies to cut off. mountainous Tsunami occurs falling over, and damage may occur (Some homes may areas. furniture may move. to roads. also lose electricity.) Suruga Earthquake 5.0 Philippine occurs Eurasian Plate Trough Sea Plate Accumulation The quake will Cutlery in cabinets Non-reinforced Homes with low Large cracks may occur Gas pipes to homes of strain be extremely and books on concrete-block walls earthquake- in the walls, beams and and major water alarming, and shelves will often will often crumble. resistance may supports of buildings pipes may suffer many people fall. Televisions may Vending machines suffer significant with low earthquake- damage. (Gas and will find that also fall off stands. that have not damage to walls resistance. Cracks water supplies may The Philippine Sea Plate, which The tip of the Eurasian Plate is When the strain reaches its limits, their movement Heavy furniture been adequately and supports, and may also appear in cut off in some constitutes the ocean floor, moves dragged inward, accumulating the Eurasian Plate will bounce 5-upper is inhibited. such as armoires stabilized may may lean sideways. the walls of buildings areas). at a pace of several centimeters strain. upward and an earthquake will may fall over. Due fall over. Most with high earthquake- Predicted Hypocenter every year toward the Eurasian occur. An accompanying tsunami to deformation tombstones will fall resistance. of a Tokai earthquake Plate, sinking beneath it. will also occur. doors may become over. Driving will be wedged shut. Some difficult, and many (Source: Japan Meteorological Agency) doors may come off. cars will stop. 5.5 It will be difficult Heavy, unsecured Wall tiles and Buildings with Buildings with low Gas pipes to homes Fissures and to stand. furniture will often window glass will low earthquakeearthquake-resistance and major water landslides may move or topple over. break and fall from resistance may may suffer damage to pipes may suffer occur. 2) Tension is Accumulating in the Ground Doors will often a significant number collapse. Even walls and supports. damage. (Gas and 6-lower become wedged of buildings. buildings with Large cracks may appear water supplies may shut. high earthquake- in the walls, beams cut off in some areas, According to measurements by the Ground Subsidence at Omae Cape, Using Kakegawa as a Benchmark resistance may and supports of even and electricity may go Geospatial Information Authority, in the suffer damage to buildings with high out). walls and supports. earthquake-resistance. Tokai region, due to horizontal deformation 6.0 Standing will Most furniture that Wall tiles and Many homes with Buildings with low Gas pipes to Suruga Bay is contracting east-to-west be difficult, hasn’t been secured window glass will low earthquakeearthquake-resistance homes and water at a speed of about 1 cm per year, and is and people will will move or fall break and fall from resistance will may be destroyed. Even distribution systems need to crawl to over. Doors may many buildings. be destroyed. buildings with high may suffer damage. subsiding on the west side due to vertical 6-upper move. come off and be Most non- Even homes with earthquake-resistance (Some areas may lose sent flying. reinforced concrete- high earthquake- may suffer damage to electricity. Gas and movement. block walls will resistance may walls and supports. water supplies may The graph shows measurements crumble. suffer damage to be cut off to a large walls and supports. number of areas). at a monitoring station at Omae Cape, 6.5 People will be Most furniture will Wall tiles and window Even homes with Even buildings with (Electricity, gas and Large fissures benchmarked against a monitoring station thrown about by move significantly, glass will break and fall high earthquake- high earthquake- water supplies will and landslides the quake, and and may be tossed from most buildings. resistance may resistance may lean cut off to a large will occur, and in Kakegawa. While seasonal vertical 7 unable to move through the air. Even reinforced lean and suffer and suffer significant number of areas.) topography movement does occur, the ground is of their own concrete-block walls significant damage. damage. may be volition. may crumble. altered. subsiding steadily. When subsidence ceases and shifts to protrusion, it is believed that *The electricity, gas and water supply information in parentheses ( ) under the “lifelines” column is included for reference purpose only. an earthquake will occur. (Created using material from the Geospatial Information Authority 337th Prediction Council for the Area under Intensified Measures against Earthquake Disaster) 2 3

ガイドブック E.indd 2-3 15/01/14 16:36 2) Magnitude (M) and Seismic Intensity 2 Magnitude (M) refers to the amount of energy of the earthquake itself. Large-Scale Earthquake Prediction The Japanese seismic intensity scale, meanwhile, measures the degree of shaking experienced in speciﬁc locations. 1) The Tokai Earthquake Theory PlatesPlates Near near the Japan Japan Islands Measured Seismic The Tokai Earthquake Theory was released in August 1976. According seismic intensity People Indoors Outdoors Wooden Reinforced Lifelines Soil bed/ intensity scale structures concrete slopes to the theory, it would “not be surprising if a large earthquake

happened tomorrow” in the Tokai area, particularly in the Shizuoka North People do not American 0 notice quaking. Prefecture region. Such an event would pose serious problems for the Plate

ガイドブック E.indd 2-3 15/01/14 16:36 3) Reoccurring Large Earthquakes 3 In the ocean region stretching from Tokai to Kyushu, along the Suruga/Nankai Troughs where the Damage Assumptions for Large-scale Earthquake Philippine plate sinks beneath the surface, the chance of a class M8-M9 earthquake occurring in the next 30 years in the Nankai Trough region (the area stretching from Hyoganada to Fujigawa) is predicted to be 60- Shiuzoka Prefecture has taken a lesson from the events of the Great East Japan Earthquake. In order to 70% (based on long-term assessments of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough). utilize these teachings as a fundamental reference material for earthquake and tsunami countermeasures, the Past precedence shows great variety in earthquakes occurring along the Nankai Trough (according to prefecture has revisited damage assumptions for the ﬁ rst time in 12 years, formulating the “Fourth Edition long-term evaluation of seismic activity along the trough by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Earthquake Damage Assumptions.” Promotion). A number of scenarios are plausible, including earthquakes occurring simultaneously in multiple locations stretching from Suruga Bay to the Shikoku coast, or occurring with a time delay between them. Hypothetical Earthquake Event Earthquakes occurring along Earthquakes occurring along * In line with revisions underway to the 2003 Chronological and Spatial Distribution of Hypocenters of Category Central Disaster Management Council Model Previous Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough the Suruga/Nankai Troughs the Sagami Trough for earthquakes occurring in Japan along the Tokai earthquake Suruga and Nankai Troughs, level 1 earthquakes Level 1 Tokai/Tonankai earthquake* Taisho model Kanto were examined according to fundamental cases earthquake/ Tokai/Tonankai/Nankai earthquake from the Nankai Trough Large Earthquake Model (Cabinet Office, 2012) and level 1 tsunamis were Muroto Cape Muroto Cape (Magnitude of around 8.0) Ashizuri Cape Ashizuri Cape earthquake "Shionomisaki "Shionomisaki tsunami Fujigawa examined according to the 2003 Central Disaster Daiosaki Daiosaki (Magnitude 8.0~8.7) Omaezaki River Cape Cape Cape" Cape" Management Council Model. Should new models Cape Toi Cape Level 2 Nankai Trough large Genroku model Kanto be released their contents will be reviewed and earthquake/ damage assumptions will be recalculated if Tosa Muroto earthquake earthquake Kumano Enshu (Magnitude of around 9) (Magnitude of around 8.2) necessary. Hyuga Basin Basin Basin tsunami Basin Basin Source: “Long-term Evaluation of Seismic Activity along the Nankai Trough (2nd Edition),” The Headquarters for Earthquake Reference: Hypothetical Earthquake Events from Third Edition Earthquake Damage Assumptions Nankai Trough Research Promotion Investigation Committee, May 24, 2013 Tokai earthquake (Magnitude 8) West Kanagawa Prefecture earthquakes (Magnitude 7) Year 600 Level 1 earthquake/tsunami 684 Hakuho (Tenmu) Earthquake Earthquakes and tsunamis that occur with a relatively higher 800 203 frequency and can result in signiﬁ cant damage. 887 Ninna Earthquake 1000 212 209 Confirmed hypocenter Level 2 earthquake/tsunami 1096 Eicho-Tokai Earthquake In light of all possibilities, the largest class earthquakes and 1099 Kowa-Nankai Earthquake Regarded as likely tsunamis. Their frequency is extremely low, but they can result in 1200 262 265 hypocenter massive damage. 1361 Shohei (Koan)-Tokai Earthquake 1400 1361 Shohei (Koan)-Nankai Earthquake Possible hypocenter 137 Overview of 4th Edit. Earthquakes occurring along the Suruga/Nankai Troughs Earthquakes occurring along the Sagami Trough 1498 Meio Earthquake Earthquake Damage 107 Theorized as hypocenter Level 1 Level 2 Level 1 Level 2 1605 Keicho Earthquake Assumptions 1600 （1662） 102 Magnitude Around 8.0-8.7 Around 9 Around 8.0 Around 8.2 1707 Hoei Earthquake Earthquake with high 147 Seismic intensity 7 region 344 km2 344~732 km2 42 km2 109 km2 1800 likelihood of tsunami 1854 Ansei-Tokai Earthquake Max. tsunami height 11 m 33 m 7 m 10 m 92 90 1854 Ansei-Nankai Earthquake （1968） 1944 Showa-Tonankai Earthquake Earthquake occurring in Human Earthquake Approx. 16,000 Approx. 105,000 Approx. 3,000 Approx. 6,000 2000 1946 Showa-Nankai Earthquake Hyuga-Nada Plate casualties Hyuga-Nada Nankai Tokai (class M7) (deaths)* Of which tsunami Approx. 9,000 Approx. 96,000 Approx. 2,900 Approx. 5,700 Earthquake (southern sea) (eastern sea) * Presuming winter or late night, with a low evacuation rate Disaster Emergency Message Dial NTT Disaster Emergency Message Dial (171) is available for users to check on the well-being of family and relatives after Tokai/Tonankai/Nankai earthquake a disaster occurs. (Level 1) Hypothetical hypocenter Recorded messages from persons affected by disaster can be accessed from Emergency Disaster Dial Centers located throughout the country. Recording/replaying ◆ To record 1 7 1 ……1 0 ＸＸ … ＸＸＸ … ＸＸＸＸ … Record messages (dial number) Tokai earthquake Message time: NTT home phone number in affected region Tonankai up to 30 sec. per message. Earthquake ◆ To replay 1 7 1 ……2 0 ＸＸ … ＸＸＸ … ＸＸＸＸ … Replay Nankai Earthquake Genroku model Kanto earthquake Level 2 along Sagami Trough When service is available Service overview ◆ When an earthquake of 6-lower or stronger occurs ◆ Messages are saved for approximately 48 hours (only for 6 hours during trial periods) Taisho model Kanto earthquake ◆ When phone lines are extremely busy due to a disaster ◆ Up to 30 seconds may be recorded per message (up to 10 messages may be stored ◆ When warning of disaster is released, as circumstances warrant per phone number) Nankai Trough large earthquake Level 1 along Sagami Trough (On the first of every month and the first three days of the year the ◆ Service can be used from mobile and PHS phones (exc. some operators) Nankai (Level 2) Hypothetical earthquake service is available 24hr for trial purposes.) Trough 4 5

ガイドブック E.indd 4-5 15/01/14 16:36 3) Reoccurring Large Earthquakes 3 In the ocean region stretching from Tokai to Kyushu, along the Suruga/Nankai Troughs where the Damage Assumptions for Large-scale Earthquake Philippine plate sinks beneath the surface, the chance of a class M8-M9 earthquake occurring in the next 30 years in the Nankai Trough region (the area stretching from Hyoganada to Fujigawa) is predicted to be 60- Shiuzoka Prefecture has taken a lesson from the events of the Great East Japan Earthquake. In order to 70% (based on long-term assessments of earthquakes along the Nankai Trough). utilize these teachings as a fundamental reference material for earthquake and tsunami countermeasures, the Past precedence shows great variety in earthquakes occurring along the Nankai Trough (according to prefecture has revisited damage assumptions for the ﬁ rst time in 12 years, formulating the “Fourth Edition long-term evaluation of seismic activity along the trough by the Headquarters for Earthquake Research Earthquake Damage Assumptions.” Promotion). A number of scenarios are plausible, including earthquakes occurring simultaneously in multiple locations stretching from Suruga Bay to the Shikoku coast, or occurring with a time delay between them. Hypothetical Earthquake Event Earthquakes occurring along Earthquakes occurring along * In line with revisions underway to the 2003 Chronological and Spatial Distribution of Hypocenters of Category Central Disaster Management Council Model Previous Large Earthquakes along the Nankai Trough the Suruga/Nankai Troughs the Sagami Trough for earthquakes occurring in Japan along the Tokai earthquake Suruga and Nankai Troughs, level 1 earthquakes Level 1 Tokai/Tonankai earthquake* Taisho model Kanto were examined according to fundamental cases earthquake/ Tokai/Tonankai/Nankai earthquake from the Nankai Trough Large Earthquake Model (Cabinet Office, 2012) and level 1 tsunamis were Muroto Cape Muroto Cape (Magnitude of around 8.0) Ashizuri Cape Ashizuri Cape earthquake "Shionomisaki "Shionomisaki tsunami Fujigawa examined according to the 2003 Central Disaster Daiosaki Daiosaki (Magnitude 8.0~8.7) Omaezaki River Cape Cape Cape" Cape" Management Council Model. Should new models Cape Toi Cape Level 2 Nankai Trough large Genroku model Kanto be released their contents will be reviewed and earthquake/ damage assumptions will be recalculated if Tosa Muroto earthquake earthquake Kumano Enshu (Magnitude of around 9) (Magnitude of around 8.2) necessary. Hyuga Basin Basin Basin tsunami Basin Basin Source: “Long-term Evaluation of Seismic Activity along the Nankai Trough (2nd Edition),” The Headquarters for Earthquake Reference: Hypothetical Earthquake Events from Third Edition Earthquake Damage Assumptions Nankai Trough Research Promotion Investigation Committee, May 24, 2013 Tokai earthquake (Magnitude 8) West Kanagawa Prefecture earthquakes (Magnitude 7) Year 600 Level 1 earthquake/tsunami 684 Hakuho (Tenmu) Earthquake Earthquakes and tsunamis that occur with a relatively higher 800 203 frequency and can result in signiﬁ cant damage. 887 Ninna Earthquake 1000 212 209 Confirmed hypocenter Level 2 earthquake/tsunami 1096 Eicho-Tokai Earthquake In light of all possibilities, the largest class earthquakes and 1099 Kowa-Nankai Earthquake Regarded as likely tsunamis. Their frequency is extremely low, but they can result in 1200 262 265 hypocenter massive damage. 1361 Shohei (Koan)-Tokai Earthquake 1400 1361 Shohei (Koan)-Nankai Earthquake Possible hypocenter 137 Overview of 4th Edit. Earthquakes occurring along the Suruga/Nankai Troughs Earthquakes occurring along the Sagami Trough 1498 Meio Earthquake Earthquake Damage 107 Theorized as hypocenter Level 1 Level 2 Level 1 Level 2 1605 Keicho Earthquake Assumptions 1600 （1662） 102 Magnitude Around 8.0-8.7 Around 9 Around 8.0 Around 8.2 1707 Hoei Earthquake Earthquake with high 147 Seismic intensity 7 region 344 km2 344~732 km2 42 km2 109 km2 1800 likelihood of tsunami 1854 Ansei-Tokai Earthquake Max. tsunami height 11 m 33 m 7 m 10 m 92 90 1854 Ansei-Nankai Earthquake （1968） 1944 Showa-Tonankai Earthquake Earthquake occurring in Human Earthquake Approx. 16,000 Approx. 105,000 Approx. 3,000 Approx. 6,000 2000 1946 Showa-Nankai Earthquake Hyuga-Nada Plate casualties Hyuga-Nada Nankai Tokai (class M7) (deaths)* Of which tsunami Approx. 9,000 Approx. 96,000 Approx. 2,900 Approx. 5,700 Earthquake (southern sea) (eastern sea) * Presuming winter or late night, with a low evacuation rate Disaster Emergency Message Dial NTT Disaster Emergency Message Dial (171) is available for users to check on the well-being of family and relatives after Tokai/Tonankai/Nankai earthquake a disaster occurs. (Level 1) Hypothetical hypocenter Recorded messages from persons affected by disaster can be accessed from Emergency Disaster Dial Centers located throughout the country. Recording/replaying ◆ To record 1 7 1 ……1 0 ＸＸ … ＸＸＸ … ＸＸＸＸ … Record messages (dial number) Tokai earthquake Message time: NTT home phone number in affected region Tonankai up to 30 sec. per message. Earthquake ◆ To replay 1 7 1 ……2 0 ＸＸ … ＸＸＸ … ＸＸＸＸ … Replay Nankai Earthquake Genroku model Kanto earthquake Level 2 along Sagami Trough When service is available Service overview ◆ When an earthquake of 6-lower or stronger occurs ◆ Messages are saved for approximately 48 hours (only for 6 hours during trial periods) Taisho model Kanto earthquake ◆ When phone lines are extremely busy due to a disaster ◆ Up to 30 seconds may be recorded per message (up to 10 messages may be stored ◆ When warning of disaster is released, as circumstances warrant per phone number) Nankai Trough large earthquake Level 1 along Sagami Trough (On the first of every month and the first three days of the year the ◆ Service can be used from mobile and PHS phones (exc. some operators) Nankai (Level 2) Hypothetical earthquake service is available 24hr for trial purposes.) Trough 4 5

ガイドブック E.indd 4-5 15/01/14 16:36 7 15/01/23 14:45 Tokai earthquakes Tokai earthquakes Double-check inside your home (advisories) (warnings) re fi to prevent countermeasures Take follow in advance in follow etc. are secure passable remain entrances canisters propane on electrical and appliances, switch off breakers if going out. Store items that pose a re risk in a safe place fi Have roles and a plan for your family to Ensure that things aren’t placed up high Check that furniture, cupboard, Don’t forget to ensure that ames Avoid using fl ames must be used,If take fl adequate caution Turn off gas, and close valves unnecessaryUnplug . However, in the case of a Tokai Tokai case of a in the However, . • • • • • • • • During earthquake warnings . Available but should be limited in use Will travel to the nearest safe bus stop, etc. and then stop Will travel to the nearest safe station and then stop emergencies) (excluding care outpatient Cease Available (the possibility of calls becoming restricted due to a spike in users is high) In order to ensure evacuation routes, traffic will be restricted on main roads, etc. (reduced speeds) Cease operations (however, certain stores with high operating) continue to able be may earthquake-resistance Certain stores with high earthquake resistance will operating continue Cease operations (however, some ATMs may still be available) Schools will be closed and children will be sent home or handed over to guardians (some faculty may remain on standby) Pick up children (advisories) Pick up children designated Evacuate swiftly from locations (warnings) hazardous landslide and other hazard areas hazard other and landslide in a safe location either inside home the outside or Keep in regular contact with children’s schools Evacuate swiftly from tsunami, In other locations, take shelter • • • During Tokai earthquake advisories During Tokai Available (store up tap water) normal as operate Generally normal as operate Generally Normally accessible to traffic Sections or elements will cease operation usual as Business usual as Business Available (however calls may become restricted if the number of users spikes dramatically) (excluding care outpatient restrict generally Will emergencies) In areas subject to evacuation, children may be sent home or handed over to guardians as appropriate to safety (children at special need schools, etc. may be sent home earlier) “earthquake prediction is extremely difficult” “earthquake prediction This level indicates that anomalous data has been observed. level indicates that This This level indicates the release of survey results evaluated by the monthly Earthquake Assessment Committee. Assessment by the monthly Earthquake of survey results evaluated level indicates the release This

Tokai Earthquake Early Prediction and Warning and Prediction Early Earthquake Tokai Extra For Tokai earthquake prediction, 24 hour observation is carried out using strainmeters and other devices. other devices. and is carried out using strainmeters 24 hour observation prediction, earthquake Tokai For In general, In general,

Regular Schools/ nurseries Telephones Buses Trains Roads Department stores Convenience etc. stores, Banks Hospitals, etc. Electricity/gas/water two categories: “regular” and “extra.” two “regular” categories: impending earthquake. warning is released). Check TVs and radios for information TVs and radios Check (advisories) supplies Double-check emergency supplies using the checklist (p. 10) It is important information collect is accurate to It Be wary of false rumors * The Tokai earthquake survey information (level blue): Information released as ‘blue level’ is divided into ‘blue as (level blue): Information released survey information earthquake Tokai * The earthquake* The Tokai caution information of (level yellow): Signs point to an increased likelihood earthquake* The Tokai prediction information (earthquake (level red): The risk of earthquake is imminent earthquake, due to the large number of observation stations in place, it is believed that some magnitude 8 it is believed that some magnitude stations in place, large number of observation due to the earthquake, shortly before they actually occurred. could be predicted earthquakes class subduction-zone may be indicated. whether an imminent earthquake data is then analyzed to determine Changes in observed But grows more sophisticated each year. earthquakes Tokai technology for early prediction of Observation occur, predicted immediately before they can be while some earthquakes currently, can also occur suddenly with no advance prediction can also occur • • • Double-check 1) Earthquake Prediction Earthquake 1) 2) Conditions Societal 3) do? you What should 4 m min. Max.

height Ito City tsunami 10 19 m min. Max.

height Higashiizucho tsunami m 18 14 min. Max.

height Atami City 5 tsunami m 24 min. Max.

height Kawazucho tsunami 13 18 heights are for locations with the highest predicted height in the municipality. m min.

* Predicted maximum tsunami Max.

height Shimoda City tsunami 33 13 m min. Max.

height Minamiizucho tsunami 26 4 m Max. min.

height Izu City tsunami 10 4 m min. Max.

height Numazu City m tsunami 10 4 Max. min.

height Nishiizucho tsunami 15 4 m min. Max. m

height Fuji City 6 tsunami 3 evacuate swiftly to an elevated location swiftly to an elevated evacuate immediately evacuate an elevated location an elevated Max. min.

height Matsuzakicho tsunami 16 People near the coast should People should Everyone in areas targeted for evacuation Move immediately to 4 m min. Max. Shimizu Ward, Shizuoka City height tsunami 11 2 m min. Max. Suruga Ward, Shizuoka City height tsunami 12 4 m min. municipality Max.

height Yaizu City tsunami 10 2 tsunami height in Highest predicted Highest m Municipality name Tsunamis occurring along Suruga/Nankai along occurring Troughs Tsunamis Predicted height of large tsunamis caused by a level 2 earthquake, 2013 released 27, June min. Max. height

9 Yoshidacho tsunami 4 m Max. min.

height Makinohara City tsunami 14 6 〔〕 is sounded is m min. Max.

height Omaezaki City tsunami 19 4 m min. Max.

height Kakegawa City tsunami 13 5 m min. Max.

height Fukuroi City tsunami 10 5 m min. Max.

height Iwata City tsunami 12 4 m Predicted time elapse until 1 m waves begin arriving min. Max.

height Minami Ward, Hamamatsu City tsunami 15 5 m (About 20 cm or higher) (Tsunami: 1 m or higher, large tsunami: 1 m or higher, 3 m or(Tsunami: higher) (Even in the event of slow, drawn-out tremors) drawn-out (Even in the event of slow, min. Max. Nishi Ward, Hamamatsu City height tsunami 14 7 When a tsunami advisory is sounded is released warning When an earthquake Near coastal areas, when you feel tremors Near coastal areas, When a tsunami warning m Around 90% of land lines within the prefecture will become unusable directly after the disaster, and approximately 80% will and approximately the disaster, unusable directly after prefecture will become of land lines within the Around 90% and power Due to non-transmission around 1-2 weeks. repair will require Emergency day. remain unusable the following afterward. to mobile networks in the prefecture the day it will be extremely difficult to connect outages at base stations, to make in the number of users attempting spike to a drastic due Additionally, around 1-2 weeks. Emergency repair will require connection will be difficult. will be congested directly after the disaster and networks calls, than 50% of and will remain out for more prefecture, supplies will be cut off to nearly the entire water Directly after the disaster around 4-6 weeks. Emergency repairs will require 1 week. the population even after and service, population will experience disruption to serviced around 50-70% of the prefecture’s day after the disaster The Emergency repairs will require around 2-5 weeks. in areas throughout the prefecture. problems will arise drainage repairs will require Emergency prefecture will be cut off. around 70-80% of utility gas supplies in the Directly after the disaster after However, experience disruption directly after the disaster. Around 30-40% of LP gas customers will around 4-6 weeks. is possible. quick restoration inspection, will become usable again Elevators will stop. nearly all elevators 4 or higher occur, of seismic intensity Should an earthquake completed. once electricity is restored and inspections are Directly after the disaster electricity will be cut off to around 90% of customers in the prefecture, and will remain off to slightly will remain off to slightly and the prefecture, 90% of customers in will be cut off to around the disaster electricity Directly after around 1 week. Emergency repair will require 4 days afterward. less than 10% Max. 1

height Kita Ward, Hamamatsu City tsunami m min. Max.

height Kosai City tsunami 15 9 Earthquake,Earthquake,

Gas tsunami,tsunami, evacuateevacuate Water Water Sewage supplies Elevators Electricity Telephones immediately!immediately! Tsunamis Predictions for for Predictions Tsunamis Shizuoka Prefecture for Information on hazard spots landslides and expected tsunamis, other dangers can be found posted Some throughout cities and towns. municipalities have also created that display danger “Hazard Maps” areas in the region. * Presuming an earthquake occurring along the Suruga/Nankai Troughs, Fourth Edition Earthquake Damage Assumptions Damage Edition Earthquake Fourth Troughs, occurring along the Suruga/Nankai * Presuming an earthquake Estimated Disruption to/Recovery Disruption Estimated of Lifelines 6 ガイドブック E.indd 6-7 7 15/01/23 14:45 Tokai earthquakes Tokai earthquakes Double-check inside your home (advisories) (warnings) re fi to prevent countermeasures Take follow in advance in follow etc. are secure passable remain entrances canisters propane on electrical and appliances, switch off breakers if going out. Store items that pose a re risk in a safe place fi Have roles and a plan for your family to Ensure that things aren’t placed up high Check that furniture, cupboard, Don’t forget to ensure that ames Avoid using fl ames must be used,If take fl adequate caution Turn off gas, and close valves unnecessaryUnplug . However, in the case of a Tokai Tokai case of a in the However, . • • • • • • • • During earthquake warnings . Available but should be limited in use Will travel to the nearest safe bus stop, etc. and then stop Will travel to the nearest safe station and then stop emergencies) (excluding care outpatient Cease Available (the possibility of calls becoming restricted due to a spike in users is high) In order to ensure evacuation routes, traffic will be restricted on main roads, etc. (reduced speeds) Cease operations (however, certain stores with high operating) continue to able be may earthquake-resistance Certain stores with high earthquake resistance will operating continue Cease operations (however, some ATMs may still be available) Schools will be closed and children will be sent home or handed over to guardians (some faculty may remain on standby) Pick up children (advisories) Pick up children designated Evacuate swiftly from locations (warnings) hazardous landslide and other hazard areas hazard other and landslide in a safe location either inside home the outside or Keep in regular contact with children’s schools Evacuate swiftly from tsunami, In other locations, take shelter • • • During Tokai earthquake advisories During Tokai Available (store up tap water) normal as operate Generally normal as operate Generally Normally accessible to traffic Sections or elements will cease operation usual as Business usual as Business Available (however calls may become restricted if the number of users spikes dramatically) (excluding care outpatient restrict generally Will emergencies) In areas subject to evacuation, children may be sent home or handed over to guardians as appropriate to safety (children at special need schools, etc. may be sent home earlier) “earthquake prediction is extremely difficult” “earthquake prediction This level indicates that anomalous data has been observed. level indicates that This This level indicates the release of survey results evaluated by the monthly Earthquake Assessment Committee. Assessment by the monthly Earthquake of survey results evaluated level indicates the release This

height Ito City tsunami 10 19 m min. Max.

height Higashiizucho tsunami m 18 14 min. Max.

height Atami City 5 tsunami m 24 min. Max.

height Kawazucho tsunami 13 18 heights are for locations with the highest predicted height in the municipality. m min.

* Predicted maximum tsunami Max.

height Shimoda City tsunami 33 13 m min. Max.

height Minamiizucho tsunami 26 4 m Max. min.

height Izu City tsunami 10 4 m min. Max.

height Numazu City m tsunami 10 4 Max. min.

height Nishiizucho tsunami 15 4 m min. Max. m

height Fuji City 6 tsunami 3 evacuate swiftly to an elevated location swiftly to an elevated evacuate immediately evacuate an elevated location an elevated Max. min.

9 Yoshidacho tsunami 4 m Max. min.

height Makinohara City tsunami 14 6 〔〕 is sounded is m min. Max.

height Omaezaki City tsunami 19 4 m min. Max.

height Kakegawa City tsunami 13 5 m min. Max.

height Fukuroi City tsunami 10 5 m min. Max.

height Iwata City tsunami 12 4 m Predicted time elapse until 1 m waves begin arriving min. Max.

height Kita Ward, Hamamatsu City tsunami m min. Max.

height Kosai City tsunami 15 9 Earthquake,Earthquake,

5 seconds 5 seconds Earthquake Early Warning! 3 3 •Donotplaceitemsnearfiresources. Be wary of strong tremors 2 •Ifafiredoesbreakout,donotpanic.Carry 0 0 Primary wave Quaking! out first-aid firefighting measures. Ensure detected thatthefireisextinguishedatitssource.

•Hasafirebrokenoutnearby?Enlistthehelp Seismograph Meteorological Ah! Is it coming? Earthquake Agency ofneighbors,andworktogetherto occurs Secondary Primary Secondary Primary extinguish flames! wave wave wave wave (Damage- (Small causing tremor) tremor)

(Source: Japan Meteorological Agency materials)

•Ifleavingthehouse,leavebehinda 3 signormemosothatpeopleknow the status and whereabouts of you 2) What to do if an Early Earthquake Warning is released and your family. It is important that you stay calm and ensure your own safety. Refer to the Tips on What to Do below, and •Turnoffgasandelectricalbreakers. consider in advance what you should do during a warning. •Donotforgettofastendoors. •Bewaryoffalserumors.Takesstepstoobtain 4 the latest accurate information. At home In crowded facilities •Refrainfromusingtelephonesasmuchas • Protectyourheadbytaking • Follow directions shelter beneath a desk or other given by possible.Toletpeopleknowthatyouaresafe sturdy structure staff/officials • Don’t panic and rush outside • Act calmly andtocheckonothers’wellbeing,usethe • Don’ttrytoturnoffflameswhen •Donotpanicand Disaster Emergency Message Dial (171) service conditions are advantageous rush for the exit (ortheDisasterMessageBoardServicefrom mobile phones). While driving TipsTips onon WhatWhat toto •Don’tslowdowninapanic When outside •Turnonyourhazardlampsandbecarefulof DoDo DuringDuring anan EarlyEarly surrounding cars (streets/towns) •Don’thityourbrakessuddenly.Slowdown EarthquakeEarthquake WarningWarning •Bewaryofcrumbling gradually concrete-block walls, etc. •Refugesheltersareasharedcommunity. •Ifthequakefeelslarge,parkontotheleft Stay calm, consider •Bewaryof 5 Follow established rules, work together, sideoftheroad falling your soundings, and billboards, and help one another out. broken glass, ensure your own safety! etc. • Watch over disabled and injured persons. •Ifyouarenext After an Early Earthquake Warning sounds, strong quakesmaycomeinamatterofonly seconds.Itis to a sturdy 備蓄食 important to act during this short time to ensure building, take your safety. shelter inside

備蓄食 While riding trains/buses In elevators Near mountains and cliffs

•Holdonfirmlyto •Stopthe •Bewaryof •Reliefsuppliesshouldnotbeexpectedfor straps or elevator at the falling rocks 6 handrails nearest floor and landslides severaldaysafteranearthquake.Attimessuch and get off as these the importance of disaster preparations immediately willbecomeapparent.Youmayneedtorelyon emergency supplies and rations for several days. 8 9

ガイドブック E.indd 8-9 15/01/14 16:36 5 What if an earthquake occurs suddenly? 6 Early Earthquake Warning 1) Earthquake Early Warnings •Strongtremorsmaycontinuefor2-3minutes.Donot 1 panicandrunoutside.Staycalm. Earthquake Early Warnings are released by the Japan Meteorological Agency when an earthquake of • After an earthquake occurs, ensuring your own physical seismic intensity 5-lower or higher on the Japanese scale occurs. Warnings are sent via TV, radio, mobile safety should be your first priority! phones and other media to regions where large quakes (4 or greater) may be expected. Early Earthquake Warnings are only sent after tremors at the hypocenter have been detected. As a result, •Aftertheoriginalquake,aftershocksmayoccur. strong tremors may be experienced in a matter of only seconds after a warning is received. For locations close •Treatminorinjuriessustainedbyyourfamilyonyourown. to the hypocenter, tremors may begin before a warning can be issued.

(Source: Japan Meteorological Agency materials)

備蓄食 While riding trains/buses In elevators Near mountains and cliffs

ガイドブック E.indd 8-9 15/01/14 16:36 7 Emergency Supplies/Rations 8 Fire Prevention Measures

When preparing emergency supplies, consider what items your family will need. Create an Emergency • Be sure to keep a ﬁre extinguisher available, and learn how to use it. Supplies List for your household and check it regularly. Place supplies in an emergency bag and store it Dry chemical fire extinguishers are suitable for extinguishing any type of fire. Keep fire somewhere where it can be retrieved immediately. After preparing supplies, keep them separate from regularly extinguishers and other ﬁre prevention tools in an easy to see and readily accessible location. used items. •Always keep several buckets flled with water on hand. • Do not leave fammable items on or near burners. 1) Emergency Supplies Checklist (examples) •Take precautions to keep gas/kerosene containers and similar items from overturning. Emergency rations Portable radio Flashlight • Ensure that all family members are aware of where gas spigots and electrical breakers are Spare batteries Whistles (3 days) located, and know how to use them.

Drinking water Lighter/ Tissue paper/ 9 Participate in Local Disaster Prevention Activities matches toilet paper Knife Spoon/chopsticks/cup Gloves You are responsible for protecting your own life, but everyone is responsible for protecting the community. Local volunteer disaster prevention organizations are made up of individual citizens. • Participate in disaster drills with your entire family. First aid/ • Early-mid March (inc. Mar. 11), Tsunami Countermeasures Period ...Tsunami drills along coastal zones household Cash (inc. coins) Towels Hardhat/ ...... Underwear/socks medicines disaster hood • Aug. 30 – Sep. 5, Disaster Prevention Week Comprehensive disaster drills on Disaster Preparedness Day (September 1) • Nov. Earthquake Disaster Prevention Enhancement Month ...... Prefecture-wide disaster prevention exhibits and lecture, etc. Copies of health • Nov. 5, Tsunami Disaster Prevention Day ...... Drills related to tsunami disaster prevention insurance card/ ...... license/bank book • 1st Sun. of Dec. Local Disaster Prevention Day Drills in anticipation of a sudden, large-scale earthquake • Jan. 15-21, Disaster Prevention Volunteer Week ...... January 17 is Disaster Prevention and Volunteer Day Sanitary Writing implements/notebook Raingear Backpack (permanent marker, etc.) Blankets/sleeping bag Plastic bags products • If a large-scale disaster occurs, proactively participate in frst-aid frefghting and rescue and relief activities. •Inlocalcommunitiesthereareawiderangeofpeoplewhoparticipateindisaster prevention activities. In times of emergency, it is important to cooperate and work as one body in combatting disaster.

2) Emergency Rations Checklist (examples) 10 Local Disaster Prevention Organizations In order to continue supporting yourself at home, you should have 1 week of both water and food set aside.

Drinking Portable gas stove/gas cartridges In order to protect your own and your family’s lives in the event of a large scale earthquake, such as a Estimate water Food A portable gas Tokai earthquake, there are a variety of precautions that should be taken on a regular basis. However, there for 1 week stove will allow you to prepare hot food are limits to how much any one person or family can do. It is important for neighborhoods to cooperate in an (per person) in case of an emergency. organized fashion to combat disaster. One gas cartridge can boil 1.5L of Local disaster prevention organizations exist to bring community members together for disaster water approx.. 10 times 3L per day x 7 days 3 meals x 7 days prevention, not only in times of disaster but on a regular basis. = 21L = 21 meals Once eaten... 1) Activities Carried out Regularly/During Disaster This method of storing rations involves using ...... Rolling everyday and emergency food supplies that you Regularly Local safety inspections Safety patrols, surveying for hazardous spots, etc. stock consume regularly. Having a system in place to use Disaster prevention awareness...... Vulnerability of community to disaster, household countermeasures, identifying older supplies first will allow you to rotate stock more method effectively. vulnerable individuals, etc. (Use and replace) Space should be made at home to store adequate Disaster prevention drills ...... Planning and carrying out drills, practicing first-aid, etc. drinking water. ...replace During First-aid firefighting ...... Appeals for fire prevention measures, first-aid firefighting, fire alertness Examples of Foodstuffs • Consider how you could put together a week’s worth of meals from food items such as these. disaster Rescue and relief ...... Rescue and relief, cooperation with disaster prevention organizations Retort packs, canned goods, instant ramen, pastas, seasonings, • Get in the habit of using canned and dry foods on a regular basis. • Once items are consumed replace them, ensuring that stock is regularly refreshed. First-aid/transport ...... First-aid, use of home medicines, checking status of destination hospitals dried foods, root vegetables (vegetables that can be stored at room • Regularly try and compare different canned and retort products to discover ones that suit your ... temperature), freeze-dried vegetables, dry fruits, etc. Collecting/transmitting information Collecting and transmitting information, guarding against false rumor, reporting tastes. damage and injuries to disaster prevention organizations You are not familiar eat, you will stress that it is not delicious meal. Precisely because emergency, what you are accustomed to eat from the usual, favorite Evacuation guidance...... Sounding evacuations, guidance for safe evacuation measures, checking names of food is to stabilize the feeling will be the force to survive the difficulties. evacuees Operating/managing refuge shelters... Helping to distribute supplies, emergency rice rations, fixing shelter rules 10 11

ガイドブック E.indd 10-11 15/01/14 16:36 7 Emergency Supplies/Rations 8 Fire Prevention Measures

2) Emergency Rations Checklist (examples) 10 Local Disaster Prevention Organizations In order to continue supporting yourself at home, you should have 1 week of both water and food set aside.

ガイドブック E.indd 10-11 15/01/14 16:36 Appendix 1 Step 1 Draw a floor plan Step 4 Confirm your evacuation route Draw a floor plan of your home using the grid Exiting your house after an earthquake may be below. difficult due to fallen furniture, broken glass and other dangers inside the house. Consider evacuation Dig deeper and you’ll see Step 2 Look for hazardous spots routes from regularly used rooms to the outside. Follow Refer to the page to the left to check your the steps to Consider how you will If an earthquake occurs, home for hazardous spots. Step 5 survive after an earthquake Be safe, the right to check what are your home’s be prepared. Step 3 Confirm the location In order to be able to continue living in your home how vulnerable of gas spigots, etc. after an earthquake, consider the following points: Confirm the location of electricity breakers, gas your home is! spigots, microcomputer meters and other safety ☆ What rooms will you be living in? danger spots!? devices. ☆ What will you do for food and water? your own home! During previous disasters, electrical fires occurring after electricity is What will you deal with toilet situations? Make a map of ☆

It will help you identify restored have been common. ☆ How will you keep warm? How earthquake-resistant If evacuating after an earthquake, be sure to switch off breakers danger spots. is your home? The refrigerator before leaving. And don’t forget to close gas spigots. will tip over Food will be scattered Concrete-block wall is broken

The cupboard door will The caster-wheeled open and all of the furniture will roll around cutlery will fall out the room The microwave... The floor will be covered with broken dishes, etc.

The shoe closet will fall over and block the front door

This room is free of furniture and items that could fall, and is safe

The television The window glass will break will go flying and rain down on the area The bookshelf will tip over and all the books The dresser will fall will come flying out over onto the bed

Fix tall furniture to lintels Fixing to walls when supports are not visible Hard How to fix dressers using wire or metal brackets Support sound Screw in eye ↓ Stud bolts with Furring ↓ Attached the hook ↓ lintel facing Screw in wire upward. facing the ↓ Bracket Bracket ↓ opposite Hollow

direction. sound

↓ ↓ Cloth belt Bracket↓ Attach to sturdy area ↓ Wall of dresser frame Reinforce Keep the angle as small as attached possible. lintels Bracket Search for studs or furrings inside the wall and attach brackets to these positions. Alternatively, attach a wooden beam (or anti-turnover rail) firmly to studs and then attach brackets to this beam. Hinged doors Refrigerator For reinforced concrete buildings Fix by attaching ratchet belts to the hand grips on the refrigerator’s rear. Concrete wall ↓ Anchor ↓ Wooden bolt beam Furring Wooden beam (Closeup)

Hinged doors are prone to being knocked open by items inside. Metal latch

Install a wooden beam to attach furniture to. 12 13

ガイドブック E.indd 12-13 15/01/14 16:36 Appendix 1 Step 1 Draw a floor plan Step 4 Confirm your evacuation route Draw a floor plan of your home using the grid Exiting your house after an earthquake may be below. difficult due to fallen furniture, broken glass and other dangers inside the house. Consider evacuation Dig deeper and you’ll see Step 2 Look for hazardous spots routes from regularly used rooms to the outside. Follow Refer to the page to the left to check your the steps to Consider how you will If an earthquake occurs, home for hazardous spots. Step 5 survive after an earthquake Be safe, the right to check what are your home’s be prepared. Step 3 Confirm the location In order to be able to continue living in your home how vulnerable of gas spigots, etc. after an earthquake, consider the following points: Confirm the location of electricity breakers, gas your home is! spigots, microcomputer meters and other safety ☆ What rooms will you be living in? danger spots!? devices. ☆ What will you do for food and water? your own home! During previous disasters, electrical fires occurring after electricity is What will you deal with toilet situations? Make a map of ☆