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Inequality and Development in Nigeria Inequality and Development in Nigeria
INEQUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA INEQUALITY AND DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA Edited by Henry Bienen and V. P. Diejomaoh HOLMES & MEIER PUBLISHERS, INC' NEWv YORK 0 LONDON First published in the United States of America 1981 by Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. 30 Irving Place New York, N.Y. 10003 Great Britain: Holmes & Meier Publishers, Ltd. 131 Trafalgar Road Greenwich, London SE 10 9TX Copyright 0 1981 by Holmes & Meier Publishers, Inc. ALL RIGIITS RESERVIED LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Political economy of income distribution in Nigeria. Selections. Inequality and development in Nigeria. "'Chapters... selected from The Political economy of income distribution in Nigeria."-Pref. Includes index. I. Income distribution-Nigeria-Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Nigeria- Economic conditions- Addresses. essays, lectures. 3. Nigeria-Social conditions- Addresses, essays, lectures. I. Bienen. Henry. II. Die jomaoh. Victor P., 1940- III. Title. IV. Series. HC1055.Z91516 1981 339.2'09669 81-4145 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA ISBN 0-8419-0710-2 AACR2 MANUFACTURED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contents Page Preface vii I. Introduction 2. Development in Nigeria: An Overview 17 Douglas Riummer 3. The Structure of Income Inequality in Nigeria: A Macro Analysis 77 V. P. Diejomaoli and E. C. Anusion wu 4. The Politics of Income Distribution: Institutions, Class, and Ethnicity 115 Henri' Bienen 5. Spatial Aspects of Urbanization and Effects on the Distribution of Income in Nigeria 161 Bola A veni 6. Aspects of Income Distribution in the Nigerian Urban Sector 193 Olufemi Fajana 7. Income Distribution in the Rural Sector 237 0. 0. Ladipo and A. -
First Bank of Nigeria Plc Head Office: 35, Samuel Asabia House, Marina, Lagos First Bank of Nigeria Plc | Annual Report & Accounts 2009
First Bank of Nigeria Plc Head Office: 35, Samuel Asabia House, Marina, Lagos www.firstbanknigeria.com First Bank of Nigeria Plc | Annual Report & Accounts 2009 Registration No. RC6290 First Bank of Nigeria Plc | Annual Report & Accounts 2009 ABBREVIATIONS ALCO – Assets & Liabilities Management Committee KRI – Key Risk Indicator ATM – Automated Teller Machine LAD – Loans and Advances BARAC – Board Audit and Risk Assessment Committee LASACS – Large Scale Agricultural Credit Scheme BDO – Business Development Office mbd – million barrels a day ANNUAL CAGR – Cumulative Annual Growth Rate MDAs – Ministries, Departments and Agencies CAM – Classified Assets Management Dept MFBs – Microfinance Banks CAP – Credit Analysis & Processing Dept MFR – Member of the Order of the Federal Republic CBN – Central Bank of Nigeria mni – Member National Institute CCO – Chief Compliance Officer MPA – Mortgage Plan Account CON – Commander of the Order of the Niger MPC – Monetary Policy Committee REPORT CPFA – Close Pension Fund Administrator MPR – Monetary Policy Rate CRM – Credit Risk Management N – Naira CRO – Chief Risk Officer NSE – Nigerian Stock Exchange CSA – Children Savings Account OFR – Officer of the Federal Republic CSCS – Central Securities Clearing System OPL – Open Position Limit CSR – Corporate Social Responsibility ORM – Operational Risk Management Division ACCOUNTSIntroduction 2 Business Review 23 & EAR – Earnings At Risk OTC – Over The Counter Financial Highlights 2 Operating Environment 24 Chairman’s Statement 4 Industry Review and Outlook -
The Impact of Ethnic Rivalry and Gulf of Trust on Nigerian Politics
Journal of Sustainable Development in Africa (Volume 16, No.5, 2014) ISSN: 1520-5509 Clarion University of Pennsylvania, Clarion, Pennsylvania THE IMPACT OF ETHNIC RIVALRY AND GULF OF TRUST ON NIGERIAN POLITICS: THE CASE OF THE FOUR-PARTY ALLIANCE, THE PROGRESSIVE PEOPLES’ PARTY AND THE PROGRESSIVE PARTIES’ ALLIANCE, 1979-1983 Emmanuel Oladipo Ojo Department of History & International Studies, Faculty of Arts, Ekiti State University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria ABSTRACT Ethnicity was the most recurring decimal and dominant feature of Nigerian politics between 1951 and 1983. Since each of the ethnic groups – particularly the three major ones: Igbo, Hausa-Fulani and Yoruba – almost always held one another in utter suspicion, the basis of enduring political collaboration and partnership was almost always exactly nil. Thus, political collaboration between the three major ethnic groups became almost unachievable and when and where circumstances compelled some forms of political partnerships, they floundered over irreconcilable differences that revolved around ethnic rivalries and vagaries. This gulf of trust characterized the entire political process in Nigeria up to 1983 with very few instances of rapprochement among the major ethnic nationalities. While appreciable literature is available on the impact of ethnicity on Nigerian politics in the period before and after the attainment of independence and indeed up to the outbreak of the Civil War; not much is available in print on the rivalry that prevented the formation of a Four-Party Alliance, a Progressive Peoples’ Party as well as a Progressive Parties’ Alliance between 1979 and 1983. This almost entirely neglected aspect of Nigeria’s political history is the focus of this paper. -
Spatial Variations of Values of Residential Land Use in Lagos Metropolis (Pp
An International Multi-Disciplinary Journal, Ethiopia Vol. 3 (2), January, 2009 ISSN 1994-9057 (Print) ISSN 2070-0083 (Online) Spatial Variations of Values of Residential Land Use in Lagos Metropolis (Pp. 381-403) Leke Oduwaye -Department of Urban and Regional Planning, University of Lagos, Akoka, Lagos. [email protected] ; [email protected] Abstract The cost of land has very strong influence on the quality and type of development that can be sustained on such land. Residential areas are no exception. This is more pronounced in economically vibrant. Lagos being the economic nerve centre of Nigeria fall into this category cities. This study is therefore to further enrich existing literature in this area but focusing on residential land values in Metropolitan Lagos. In the study, the actual prices of various components of residential land use are established which the study classified into rent, purchase price of residential apartments and purchase price of residential plots of land. This was done for different residential land use types which the study classified into three: namely high density, medium density and low density areas. The study concludes that residential land values are high in the low density areas and lower at the high density areas. The paper suggests the need to improve both physical and economic access to residential properties, privatization of the supply of infrastructural facilities, improvement in the quality of the environment and the need to release lands under public ownership to make more land available for residential use. Keywords: Residential, Land Value, Neighbourhood, Rent, Cost, Land. Copyright: IAARR, 2009 www.afrrevjo.com 381 Indexed African Journals Online: www.ajol.info African Research Review Vol. -
Frequent Health Travels Raise Questions Over Buhari Fitness for Office
businessday market monitor Commodities NSE Bitcoin E verdon Bureau De Change FMDQ Close Brent Oil Biggest Gainer Biggest Loser BUY SELL FOREIGN EXCHANGE TREASURY BILLS FGN BONDS FO 3,398,037.71 -0.33pc $74.45 Mobil $-N N188 4.21pc N40.85 -5.00pc 360.00 363.00 Market Spot $/N 3M 6M 5 Years 10 Years 20 Years Cocoa Powered by £-N 493 .00 503.00 -0.10% 0.16% 0.00% 41,155.80 I&E FX Window 360.64 0.81 -0.59 US $2,773.00 €-N 425.00 435.00 CBN Official Rate 305.75 11.52 12.60 13.15% 13.30% 13.02% NEWS YOU CAN TRUST I **WEDNESDAY 09 MAY 2018 I VOL. 15, NO 50 I N300 @ g Oil volatility FG codeine ban, seen as Trump Emzor Pharma withdraws US from closure a knee jerk Iran nuclear deal response – experts DIPO OLADEHINDE, with agency reports … Open season for smuggling and black-market operations ANTHONIA OBOKOH he recent ban on codeine- containing cough syrup Tby the Federal Govern- ment, shutting down Emzor Pharmaceuticals Ind. Ltd., Peace Standard Pharmaceutical Lim- n what marked the most ited and Bioraj Pharmaceutical significant foreign policy Limited is a knee jerk response Imove of his presidency, US to the drug abuse problem ex- President Donald Trump has perts have said. announced the pulling out of the The ban is echoing in the pub- Iran nuclear deal saying he will lic space over the drastic mea- reinstate economic sanctions on sure. Experts want a more logical the Islamic Republic. -
The Politics of News Reportage And
THE POLITICAL ECONOMY OF NEWS REPORTAGE AND PRESENTATION OF NEWS IN NIGERIA: A STUDY OF TELEVISION NEWS BY IGOMU ONOJA B.Sc, M.Sc (Jos). (PGSS/UJ/12674/00) A Thesis in the DEPARTMENT OF SOCIOLOGY, Faculty of Social Sciences, Submitted to the School of Postgraduate Studies, UNIVERSITY OF JOS, JOS, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) of the UNIVERSITY OF JOS. August 2005 ii DECLARATION I, hereby declare that this work is the product of my own research efforts, undertaken under the supervision of Prof. Ogoh Alubo, and has not been presented elsewhere for an award of a degree or certificate. All sources have been duly distinguished and appropriately acknowledged IGOMU ONOJA PGSS/UJ/12674/00 iii CERTIFICATION iv DEDICATION To my wife, Ada, for all her patience while I was on the road most of the time. v ACKNOWLEDEGEMENTS I am most grateful to Professor Ogoh Alubo who ensured that this research work made progress. He almost made it a personal challenge ensuring that all necessary references and corrections were made. His wife also made sure that I was at home any time I visited Jos. Their love and concern for this work has been most commendable. My brother, and friend, Dr. Alam’ Efihraim Idyorough of the Sociology Department gave all necessary advice to enable me reach this stage of the research. He helped to provide reference materials most times, read through the script, and offered suggestions. The academic staff of Sociology Department and the entire members of the Faculty of Social Sciences assisted in many ways when I made presentations. -
“The Poor Also Must Live!” Market Demolition, Gentrification and the Quest for Survival in Lagos State
“The Poor Also Must Live!” Market Demolition, Gentrification and the Quest for Survival in Lagos State. October 2016 “The Poor Also Must Live!” Market Demolition, Gentrification and the Quest for Survival in Lagos State. Author: Gbenga Komolafe, General Secretary, Federation of Informal Workers' Organizations of Nigeria (FIWON) Publication Date: October 2016 About FIWON: FIWON is a membership based organization of self - employed workers in the informal sectors of the Nigerian economy. Whereas workers in the informal sectors constitute over 80% of non-agricultural employment, 60% of the urban employment and over 90% of new jobs in Nigeria, they are often subjected to arbitrary and excessive taxation, downright extortion, arbitrary arrests and imprisonment while their basic needs for social security is ignored. Informal workers constitute the bulk of the poor and marginalized people in Nigeria. FIWON was inaugurated June 18, 2010 in Abuja in the course of its 1st National Conference in Abuja with over 34 self - employed workers’ organizations in attendance. Today, there are over 120 organizations from 15 states of the Nigerian federation. FIWON’s overall goal is to transform the working and living conditions of informal workers to an acceptable standard that guarantees their basic human rights as citizens and workers. FIWON builds leadership capacities of informal workers for resisting rights violation and for representation in decision making public institutions. It has a Cooperative and Thrift arm that provide soft loans for members while it collaborates with public and private institutions for vocational and entrepreneurial training of members. “The Poor Also Must Live!” Market Demolition, Gentrification and the Quest for Survival in Lagos State. -
AD/Afenifere: the Squandering of Heritage
ADAfenifere The Squandering of Heritage Page 1 of 6 AD/Afenifere: The Squandering of Heritage By Dr. Wale Adebanjo Now that the Yoruba have overwhelmingly voted, as the election results indicate, for the People's Democratic Party, we must note that it will not be the first time a people will vote against what they do not 'like' and vote for what they do not 'need'. The electoral defeat of AD has come to be seen as a major rupture in Yoruba politics. It is not. Rather, it is the consolidation of a process that began much earlier but distinctively in 1998/1999 when the Afenifere leadership started behaving like autocratic inheritors of a democratic legacy. In an earlier essay, 'Obasanjo, Yoruba and the Future of Nigeria' (ThisDay, The Sunday Newspaper, February 16, 2003), I had referred to the soon-to-be ex-Governor Bisi Akande's statement that the soon-to-be two-term President Olusegun Obasanjo would always be an embarrassment to himself. I had added, crucially, that that was not the whole truth, and that it was an abdication of the predisposition to face the whole political truth, for, indeed, President Olusegun Obasanjo would always be an embarrassment to the Yoruba. Now, Akande, who made bold to reveal this partial truth, has been kicked out of Osun State Government House and Obasanjo, about whom the partial truth was revealed, has been overwhelmingly returned to Aso Rock Villa. Beyond that, Akande's party, the Alliance for Democracy, has been overwhelmingly rejected by the people for whom it was primarily created, and Obasanjo's party, the People's Democratic Party, a largely derelict association of mostly light-hearted buccaneers, has been overwhelmingly voted into the government houses in the West, except Lagos. -
Isaac Olawale Albert Explaining ‘Godfatherism’ in Nigerian Politics
Af ri can So cio log i cal Re view, 9, (2), 2005, pp.79-105. Isaac Olawale Albert Explaining ‘godfatherism’ in Nigerian Politics Take it or leave it, the arche typal godfather in Nigeria is more than the ruthless Mario Puzo’s kingpins in the Italian Mafia setting. While the fictional godfather is charac terized as ‘a shadowy, dare-devil recluse, who combines immense under world financial muscle with near mythical powers of enormous propor tions’, which is to attain a further greasing of the ever-increasing vast financial empire, the Nigeria type has the added charac ter - ization of conceit, ego, loquacity, pettiness, envy, strife, crudity, and confusion.1 Intro duction The works of Plato, Aristotle, Tacitus, and other classical philos o phers are largely focussed on the concen tration of political power in the hands of a few in the early Greek and Roman society. Thinkers such as Pareto, Mosca, Michels, and Marx2 too devoted their political analysis to how power is used and misused by the elite class in different contexts. The domination of power by the hegemonic class in many parts of the contem porary world can thus be said to be nothing new but has a robust pedigree. The main lesson from all these works is that the study of political elites and leadership is very important for under - standing the trajec tories of devel opment in any society. As Welsh observed,3 political elites ‘partic ipate in, or influence the making of, decisions that allocate resources within and among social units’. A variety of conflicts are produced in the process. -
Political Communications: Press and Politics in Nigeria's Second Republic by Rahman Olalekan Olayiwola*
The African e-Journals Project has digitized full text of articles of eleven social science and humanities journals. This item is from the digital archive maintained by Michigan State University Library. Find more at: http://digital.lib.msu.edu/projects/africanjournals/ Available through a partnership with Scroll down to read the article. Africa Media Review Vol. 5 No. 2.1991 ©African Council for Communication Education Political Communications: Press and Politics in Nigeria's Second Republic by Rahman Olalekan Olayiwola* Abstract This paper examines mass media bias in Nigerian political communications. It argues that ownership of the mass media in Nigeria tends to determine how they are used for political communications in the country. Other factors, such as ethnicity, religion, literacy, language of communication, legal limitations, politi- cal and socio-economic conditions, are also considered. The paper maintains, however, that the fact of ownership is not only the key which determines how the mass media are used for moulding the citizen's perception of political reality in the country, but that it is also a more precise means of understanding and investigating the role of the press in political stability or instability, national integration or disintegration. It concludes that as Nigeria approaches a third attempt at democratic rule in socio-economic conditions which are less propitious than in the past, there is a need for the Nigerian mass media to operate in a way which contributes to national integration. It suggests the need to restructure the media ownership pattern and to establish a Nigerian Media Advisory Council. Rahman O. Olayiwola was attached to the Department of Government, London School of Economics, when he prepared this paper. -
University of Birmingham Managing a Megacity
University of Birmingham Managing a megacity Cheeseman, Nicholas; de Gramont, Diane DOI: 10.1093/oxrep/grx033 License: None: All rights reserved Document Version Peer reviewed version Citation for published version (Harvard): Cheeseman, N & de Gramont, D 2017, 'Managing a megacity: lessons from Lagos', Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol. 33, no. 3, pp. 457–477. https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grx033 Link to publication on Research at Birmingham portal Publisher Rights Statement: This is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Oxford Review of Economic following peer review. The version of record: Cheeseman, Nic, and Diane de Gramont. "Managing a mega-city: learning the lessons from Lagos." Oxford Review of Economic Policy 33.3 (2017): 457-477. is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/oxrep/grx033 General rights Unless a licence is specified above, all rights (including copyright and moral rights) in this document are retained by the authors and/or the copyright holders. The express permission of the copyright holder must be obtained for any use of this material other than for purposes permitted by law. •Users may freely distribute the URL that is used to identify this publication. •Users may download and/or print one copy of the publication from the University of Birmingham research portal for the purpose of private study or non-commercial research. •User may use extracts from the document in line with the concept of ‘fair dealing’ under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 (?) •Users may not further distribute the material nor use it for the purposes of commercial gain. -
FOREIGN EXCHANGE AUCTION NO. 64/2003 of 25TH AUGUST, 2003 FOREIGN EXCHANGE AUCTION SALES RESULT APPLICANT NAME FORM BID CUMM BANK Weighted S/N A
1 CENTRAL BANK OF NIGERIA, ABUJA TRADE AND EXCHANGE DEPARTMENT FOREIGN EXCHANGE AUCTION NO. 64/2003 OF 25TH AUGUST, 2003 FOREIGN EXCHANGE AUCTION SALES RESULT APPLICANT NAME FORM BID CUMM BANK Weighted S/N A. SUCCESSFUL BIDS M/A NO R/C NO APPLICANT ADDRESSRATE AMOUNT AMOUNT PURPOSE NAME Average 1 M.I INDUSTRIES LTD MF0209306 320117 PLOT C 89 AMUWO ODOFIN IND. LAYOUT,AMUWO,LAGOS 129.5000 11,000.00 11,000.00 2PLY TOILET TISSUE PAPER 16.5GMS ZENITH 0.0090 2 ALOMA IDRIS JAMILA AA 1271273 C624345 25, ADETOKUNBO ADEMOLA STREET, VICTORIA 129.2000 ISLAND - LAGOS $2,000.00 13,000.00 PERSONAL TRAVELLING ALLOWANCE FSB 0.0016 3 ADEKOYA OLUKAYODE OLUMUYIWA AA 1280762 A2129046 10, WILLIAMS STREET, AGUDA - SURULERE, LAGOS 129.1000 $480.86 13,480.86 PAYMENT OF SCHOOL FEES FOR GERMAN LANGUAGEFSB COURSE 0.0004 4 PRIMA IMPEX NIGERIA LIMITED MF0059389 RC 215875 12 AKINWANDE STREET ALABA COKER LAGOS 129.0100 83,603.78 97,084.64 POLYPROPYLENE GRADE M1600 (RAW MATERIALS) TRUST 0.0681 5 PRIMA IMPEX NIGERIA LIMITED MF0059374 RC 215875 12 AKINWANDE STREET ALABA COKER LAGOS 129.0100 50,946.76 148,031.40 GRADE R520Y OF POLYPROPYLENE TRUST 0.0415 6 PRIMA IMPEX NIGERIA LIMITED MF0495959 RC 215875 12 AKINWANDE STREET ALABA COKER LAGOS 129.0100 95,040.00 243,071.40 PLASIC RAW MATERIAL PVC P-1000 TRUST 0.0774 7 PRIMA IMPEX NIGERIA LIMITED MF0059392 RC 215875 12 AKINWANDE STREET ALABA COKER LAGOS 129.0100 149,539.86 392,611.26 PVC P-1000 (PLASTIC RAW MATERIAL) TRUST 0.1218 8 AFPLY NIGERIA LIMITED MF0156977 158068 15/17 KOPEK ROAD, MATORI, LAGOS 129.0000 56,565.61 449,176.87 2219 PIECES OF CAR RADIAL TYRES (ALL NEW) IBTC 0.0461 9 AK-TEL ELEKTRO LIMITED MF 0177547 RC 69171 272 IKORODU ROAD LAGOS 129.0000 142,206.00 591,382.87 ELECTRICAL ACCESSORIES - PIN INSULATORS, SUSPENSIONGUARDIAN INSULATORS, SHACKLE0.1159 INSULATORS, FORGED IRON 10 ALADEYELU OLUWOLE SIMON AA 0945425 A0437729 BLK.