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Download E-Book (PDF) African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology Volume 8 Number 4, April, 2014 ISSN 1996-0786 ABOUT AJEST The African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (AJEST) (ISSN 1996‐0786) is published weekly (one volume per year) by Academic Journals. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology (AJEST) provides rapid publication (monthly) of articles in all areas of the subject such as Biocidal activity of selected plant powders, evaluation of biomass gasifier, green energy, Food technology etc. The Journal welcomes the submission of manuscripts that meet the general criteria of significance and scientific excellence. Papers will be published shortly after acceptance. All articles are peer‐ reviewed Submission of Manuscript Please read the Instructions for Authors before submitting your manuscript. The manuscript files should be given the last name of the first author Click here to Submit manuscripts online If you have any difficulty using the online submission system, kindly submit via this email [email protected]. With questions or concerns, please contact the Editorial Office at [email protected]. Editors Associate Editors Oladele A. Ogunseitan, Ph.D., M.P.H. Dr. Suping Zhou Professor of Public Health & Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Research Professor of Social Ecology Tennessee State University Director, Industrial Ecology Research Group Nashville, TN 37209, University of California USA Irvine, CA 92697‐7070, USA. Dr. Hardeep Rai Sharma Assistant Professor, Institute of Environmental Studies Prof. Sulejman Redzic Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, PIN‐136119 Faculty of Science of the University of Sarajevo 33‐35 Haryana, India Phone:0091‐9034824011 (M) Zmaja od Bosne St., 71 000 Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina. Dr. Ramesh Chandra Trivedi Chief Environmental Scientist Dr. Guoxiang Liu DHI (India) Wateer & Environment Pvt Ltd, Energy & Environmental Research Center (EERC), B‐220, CR Park, New Delhi ‐ 110019, India. University of North Dakota (UND) 15 North 23rd Street, Stop 9018, Grand Forks, North Prof. Okan Külköylüoglu Dakota 58202‐9018 Department of Biology, USA. Faculty of Arts and Science, Abant Izzet Baysal University, BOLU 14280, TURKEY Dr. Hai‐Linh Tran Korea (AVCK) Research Professor at National Marine Bioenergy R&D Consortium, Department of Biological Engineering ‐ College of Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402‐751, Korea Editorial Board Dr Dina Abbott Dr. Moulay Belkhodja University of Derby,UK Laboratory of Plant Physiology Area of Expertise: Gender, Food processing and Faculty of Science University of Oran, Algeria agriculture, Urban poverty Area of Expertise: Plant physiology, Physiology of abiotic stress, Plant biochemistry, Environmental Dr. Jonathan Li science, University of Waterloo, Canada Area of Expertise: Environmental remote sensing, Prof. XingKai XU Spatial decision support systems for informal Institute of Atmospheric Physics settlement Management in Southern Africa Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100029, China Prof. Omer Ozturk Area of Expertise: Carbon and nitrogen in soil The Ohio State University environment, and greenhouse gases Department of Statistics, 1958 Neil Avenue, Columbus OH, 43210, USA Prof. Andrew S Hursthouse Area of Expertise: Non parametric statistics, University of the West of Scotland, UK Ranked set sampling, Environmental sampling Area of Expertise: Environmental geochemistry; Organic pollutants; Environmental nanotechnology Dr. John I. Anetor and biotechnology Department of Chemical Pathology, College of Medicine, Dr. Sierra Rayne University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria Department of Biological Sciences Area of Expertise: Environmental toxicology & Thompson Rivers University Micronutrient metabolism (embracing public Box 3010, 900 McGill Road health nutrition) Kamloops, British Columbia, Canada Area of Expertise: Environmental chemistry Dr. Ernest Lytia Molua Department of Economics and Management Dr. Edward Yeboah University of Buea, Cameroon Soil Research Institute of the Council for Area of Expertise: Global warming and Climate Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), change, General Economics of the environment Ghana Area of expertise: Soil Biology and Biochemistry stabilization of soil organic matter in Prof. Muhammad Iqbal agro‐ecosystems Hamdard University, New Delhi, India Area of Expertise: Structural & Developmental Dr. Huaming Guo Botany, Stress Plant Physiology, and Tree Growth Department of Water Resources & Environment, China University of Geosciences, Beijing, China Prof. Paxie W Chikusie Chirwa Area of Expertise: Groundwater chemistry; Stellenbosch University, Environmental Engineering Department of Forest & Wood Science,South Africa Dr. Bhaskar Behera Area of Expertise: Agroforestry and Soil forestry Agharkar Research Institute, Plant Science Division, research, Soil nutrient and Water dynamics G.G. Agarkar Road, Pune‐411004, India Area of Expertise: Botany, Specialization: Plant Dr. Télesphore SIME‐NGANDO physiology & Biochemistry CNRS, UMR 6023, Université Blaise Pascal Clermont‐Ferrand II, 24 Avenue des Landais Prof. Susheel Mittal 63177 Aubière Cedex,France Thapar University, Patiala, Punjab, India Area of Expertise: Aquatic microbial ecology Area of Expertise: Air monitoring and analysis Dr. Jo Burgess Dr. Christian K. Dang Rhodes University University College Cork, Ireland Dept of Biochem, Micro & Biotech, Area of Expertise: Eutrophication, Ecological Grahamstown, 6140, South Africa stoichiometry, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Area of Expertise: Environmental water quality Functioning, Water pollution and Biological wastewater treatment Dr. Ghousia Begum Dr. Wenzhong Shen Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, India Institute of heavy oil, China University of Area of Expertise: Toxicology, Biochemical toxicology, Petroleum, Environmental toxicology, Environmental biology Shandong, 257061, P. R.,China Area of Expertise: Preparation of porous Dr. Walid A. Abu‐Dayyeh materials, adsorption, pollutants removal Sultan Qaboos University Department of Mathematics and statistics/ Al‐Koud/ Dr. Girma Hailu Sultanate of Oman, Oman African Highlands Initiative Area of Expertise: Statistics P. O. Box 26416 Kampala, Uganda Area of Expertise: Agronomy, Entomology, Dr. Akintunde Babatunde Environmental science (Natural resource Centre for Water Resources Research, management) Department of Civil Engineering, School of Architecture, Landscape and Civil Dr. Tao Bo Engineering, Institute of Geographic Science and Natural Newstead Building, Resources, C.A.S 11A Datun Road Anwai Beijing University College Dublin, 100101,China Belfield, Dublin, Area of Expertise: Ecological modeling, Climate Area of Expertise: Water and wastewater treatment, change impacts on ecosystem Constructed wetlands, adsorption, Phosphorus removal Dr. Adolphe Zézé Ireland Ecole Supérieure d’Agronomie, Institut National Polytechnique,Côte d’Ivoire Dr. Ted L. Helvoigt Houphouet Boigny BP 1313 Yamoussoukro, ECONorthwest Area of Expertise: Molecular ecology, Microbial 99 West 10th Avenue, Suite 400, Eugene, ecology and diversity, Oregon 97401, Molecular diversity, Molecular phylogenie Area of Expertise: Forest & Natural Resource Economics; Econometrics; Operations Research Dr. Parshotambhai Kanani USA Junagadh Agricultural University Dept.of agril.extension, Dr. Pete Bettinger college of agriculture,moti bagh,j.a.u University of Georgia Junagadh 362001 Qujarat, India Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources, Area of Expertise: Agril Extension Agronomy Area of Expertise: Forest management, planning, Indigenous knowledge, Food security, Traditional and geographic information systems. healing, resource USA Dr. Orish Ebere Orisakwe Dr. Mahendra Singh Nigeria Directorate of Wheat Research Karnal, India Area of Expertise: Toxicology Area of Expertise: Plant pathology Prof. Adesina Francis Adeyinka Dr. Bojan Hamer Obafemi Awolowo University Ruđer Bošković Institute, Center for Marine Department of Geography, OAU, Ile‐Ife, Nigeria Research, Area of Expertise: Environmental resource Laboratory for Marine Molecular Toxicology management and monitoring Giordano Paliaga 5, HR‐52210 Rovinj, Croatia Area of Expertise: Marine biology, Ecotoxicology, Dr. Stefan Thiesen Biomarkers of pollution, Genotoxicity, Proteomics Wagner & Co Solar Technology R&D dept. An der Berghecke 20, Germany Dr. Mohideen Wafar Area of Expertise: Climate change, Water National Institute of Oceanography, management Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India Integrated coastal management & Impact Area of Expertise: Biological Oceanography studies, Solar energy Dr. Will Medd Dr. Leo C. Osuji Lancaster University, UK University of Port Harcourt Area of Expertise: Water consumption, Department of Industrial Chemistry, Flood,Infrastructure, Resilience, Demand Area of Expertise: Environmental/petroleum management chemistry and toxicology Nigeria Dr. Liu Jianping Kunming University of Science and Technology Dr. Brad Fritz Personnel Division of Kunming Pacific Northwest National Laboratory University of Science and Technology, 790 6th Street Richland WA, USA Wenchang Road No 68, Kunming city, Yunnan Area of Expertise: Atmospheric measurements & Province, China groundwater‐river water interaction Area of Expertise: Application technology of computer Dr. Mohammed H. Baker Al‐Haj Ebrahem Yarmouk University Dr. Timothy Ipoola OLABIYI Department of Statistics , Coventry University Yarmouk University, Irbid ‐ Jordan Faculty of Business, Environment & Society, CV1 Area of Expertise: Applied
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