World Bank Document

Environmental lw Assessment/Analysis

Reports _____ Public Disclosure Authorized Report E0035

INDONESIA - Public Disclosure Authorized Outer Islands Power Project EA Category A Public Disclosure Authorized Environmental Assessment 3 of 4 April 1994 Public Disclosure Authorized

This report has been prepared by the Borrower or its Consultant REPUBLICOF INDONESIA DEPARTMENTOF MINESAND ENERGY PERUSAHAANUMUM LISTRIKNEGARA PROYEKINDUK SARANA FISIK DAN PENUNJANG

INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATION OF TRANSMISSION LINE STEAM ENERGYELECTRIC POWERSTATION MINE MOUTH

MAY 1993 CONTENTS

Page

Preface * i Contents ii List of tables iii List of figures v Appendices vi Chapter I. Introduction ....&...... I - 1 I.1. Back ground ...... I - 1 I.2. Legislation .I ...... - 2 1.3. Purposes and objectives ... I - 3 1.4. Utilization ...... I - 3 I.5. Scope of the study I. - 4 I.S.I.Territorial boundary of the study area I - 4 1.5.2.The studied environmental componctnts ..I - 5 I.6. Methods of study . - 8

Chapter II. The activity plan ..... II - 1 1I.1. Initiator identity and the initial environment examination study compiling II - 1 II.1.1: Identity of the Initiator ...... II - 1 11.1.2. Identity of Executioner ...... II - 1 11.1.3. Identity of Iniatial Environmental Examinator (PIL)...... II - 1 II.2.Activity Descrptuion ...... II - 2 II.2.1. General View ...... II - 2 II.2.2. The purpose and objectives of the project ...... II - 3 II.2.3. The use of the project ...... II - 3 11.2.4. Types of activity plan ...... II - 3

Chapter III. Base line environment ...... III - 1 III.1. Physical environment component .. III - 1 III.1.1. Climate ...... III - 1 III.1.2. Physiography and geology ...... III - 3 111.1.3. Hydrology ...... III - 4 III.1.4. Soil ...... III - 5

ii XI.II.5. Land use ...... I - 8 IXI.2. Biotic component ...... III - 9 X11.2.1. Flora ...... III - 9 111.2.2. Terrestrial fauna ...... III - 10 XII.3. Socio economic,socio culture andl public health components ...... XXX - 11 IIX.3.1. Population .II - 11 IXX.3.2. Education and Religion II. - 14 III.3.3. Public health .. I - 15

Chapter IV. Estimation and evaluation of environmental impact IV - 1 IV.1. Environmental impact identification.. IV - 1 IV.2. Impact estimation and Evaluation .... IV - 1 IV.2.1. Environment impact to the projcct.. IV - I IV.2.2. The impact for the project to the environment IV - 2

Chapter V. Conclusion .V - 1

References Figures Appendices

iii CONTENTS

Page

Table 11.1. Policy on the type and the location of the 150 XV high voltage transmission tower ...... II - 6 Table 11.2. Minimum clearance between the conductor of high voltage transmission and the ground and the other objects II - 7 Table 11.3. Worked needed for the project II - 8 Table II.4. The operating system and the type of the equipment for the project activities ...... II- 9 Table 11.5. Villages/Kelurahan crossed by the high voltage transmission line of Mine Mouth Electrical Power Station - Cempaka Substation - Trisakti Substation ...... II - 10 Table 11.6. Number and origin of workers ..... II - 11 Table III.1. Humidity data from Banjarbaru station during the year 1974 - 1987 III - 2 Table III.2. Average precipititation for Banjar- baru Station from 1974 - 1987 .... III - 2 Table III.3. The High-low tides of Martapura river in 1990 -1992 ...... III - 5 Table 111.4. Types of animals ...... III -1L Table III.5. Region size, population and density/m2 ...... III -12 Table III.6. The population size based on gender III - 12 Table III.7. People mobility in 1989 ...... III - 13 Table III.8. Birth and mortality rate ...... III - 14 Table III.9. Education menas and infrastructure in the research area in 1989 ..... II - 14 Table II.10. Mean of observence of the religious duties in the research area ...... IrI - 1 Table I1I.11. Ten most common diseaces of out patient treatment in South Kalimantan, based on the Public Health Center new cases in 1991 ...... III -

iv Table III.12. ten most common diseases of out patient treatment in the state general hospital in South Kalimantan Region in 1991 ...... III - 16 Table III.13. Examination result on Malaria in' South Kalimantan transits in 1991 - 1992 ...... III -17 Table III.14. Diarchea sufferers (including diarchea KLB), based on P4D reported South Kalimantan Province in 1991 III - 18 Table 111.15. Number of dengue hemmorhagic fever sufferers ...... III -19 Table 111.16. The number of surface and air traffic accidents in subdistrict Landasan Ulin, from 1985 - 1990 III - 19 Table III.17. Data on the river/water traffic accidents from Jorong police Sector III - 20 Table II1.18. Data on violations from Jorong Police Sector ...... ,.,.III - 20 Table III1.9. The availibility health service in the subdistricts along the transmission route ...... III - 21 Table III.20. Number of medical and paramedis personal in the subdistricts along the transmission route ...... III - 22 Table IV.1. List of the Planned Towers Which are Located in the people's houses... IV - 3 Table IV.2. Recapitulation of numbers,-type of tower total area of acquisited land use along transmission line from power plant mine mouth Asam-asam - Cempaka - Trisakti Substation, Banjarmasin ...... IV - 6 Table IV.3. Radio Interferensi (RI) at the middle of SUTT 150 KV transmission line ...... IV - 8 Table IV.4. Television Interference (TVI) at at the middle of SUTT 150 KV transmission line ...... IV - 9 Table IV.5. Audible Noise (AN) at the middle of SUTT 150 KV transmission line .... IV - 10

v LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1.1. Project site boundary Figure I.2. Ecologic boundary map Figure I.3. Administrative map Figure 11.1. Double circuit tower Figure I1.2. Type Aa tower Figure 11.3. Type Bb tower Figure II.4. Type' Cc tower Figure I1.5. Type Dd tower Figure I1.6. Tower site Figure I1.7. Tower site'for T/L 150 Kv Figure II.8. Free distance Figure 11.9. Free distance Figure 11.10. Minimum distance Figure.II.11. Electricity system in South Kalimantan Figure I11.1. Windrose diagram Figure 111.2. Morphological map Figure 111.3. Geological Map Figure II1.4. Soil Map Figure III.5. Land use Map

vi APPENDICES

Appendix 1. Flow diagram of impact identification Appendix 2. Matrix of prediction and evaluation of Envoronmental Impact

vii INITIAL ENVIRONMENTAL EXAMINATIONS FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF A 150 XV HIGH VOLTAGE TRANSMISSION LINE BETWEEN MULUT TANEANG POWER PLANT AND CEWPAXAAND TRISAXTI SUBSTATIONS

CHAPTERI INTRODUCTION

I.1. Background

Electricity demand is very,high in Indonesia, and is increasing. Within the past ten years, the average increase has reached 15 t per year. Power Plants need to be built to meet this demand. Usually, the location of the generating plant can not be close to the center of the load area, because the primary resources needed for the power station (e.g. water power, geothermal) are not removable. Also secondary resources (such as cooling water for a steam energy power plant) are not available anywhere else. For these reasons transmission lineb are required to transmit the electricity from the power plant to the load area.

The electricity demand for the State Electrical Company Sub district VI in South Kalimantan is projected to reach 800 NW by the year bf 2015. To meet this demand, construction of a Steam Energy Electric Power Station with a GGO MW capacity will begin in 1995. The Mulut Tambang Power Plant will be located at Asam Asam, a town in Sub district Jorong, Regency Tanah Laut. In order to transmit the electricity from tilhe ulut Tambang Power Plant, a 150 XV high voltage transmission line will be constructed. The line from the Mulut Tambang rower Plant to the Cempaka Substation will be 75 km long and the

I- 1 line between Cempaka and the Trisakti Substation will be 43 km long.

X. 2. Legislation

Some legislation related to the Construction Planning of the 150 XV High Voltage Transmission line between the Mulut Tambang Power Plant and the Cempaka and Trisakti Relay Stations are as follows :

1. Legislation No. 20/1961, concerning about revocation of ownership right of Land and other properties in it. 2. Legislation No. 4/1982, about main regulations on tha environmental management. 3. Legislation No. 15/1986, about power plants (electrical energy). 4. The Government Regulation No. 34/1979, about electricity exertion. 5. The Government Regulation No. 29/1986, about environmental impact assessment. 6. The Instruction of the President of the Republic of Indonesia No. 9/1973, about implementation of the revoc.j tion of ownership right of land and other properties in it. 7. The Minister of Internal Affair Regulation No. 15/1975, concerning about Provisions of Land acquittal procedures. 8. The Decision of the Minister of Residential Affairs and Environment No. 50/Men KLH/6/1987, about the Guide lines oi Compilation of Environmental Impact Assessment, Enclosure I. 9. The Decision of the Minister of Hining and Energy tao. 0935/K/008/M, about technical guide lines for initial environmental examination compilation for steam energy pcwer plan project. 10. The Decision of the Minister of Residentiai Attairz ana Environment No. 49/I4enKLH/6/1987,about Important Impact

I - 2 Determination Guide Lines and its Enclosures. 11. The Regulation of the Minister of Mining ana Energy No. Ol/P/47/MPE/1992, concerning about the Minimum Free Distance between High Voltage Transmission Conductor and the Ground and other object.

1.3. Purposes and Objectives

The transmission line is 118 km long and will pass through the Regency Banjarmasin, Administrative city Banjar Baru, and Regency Tanah Laut. The transmission route will pass through residential areas, rice fields, swamps etc. which will possibly cause conflicts of interest between the project and the areas. Initial Environmental Examinations have been conducted to prevent and to minimize the negative impacts. The objectives of the studies are as follows : 1. To identify the activities of the Transmission Construc- tion Planning Project, especially the ones which are likely to cause environmental impacts. 2. To identify the base line environment prior to the project, especially the areas where the transmission line is planned. 3. To predict and evaluate the impact caused transmission line construction. 4. To offer suggestions to manage and monitor the resulting impact.

1.4. Utilization

These Initial Environmental Examinations lielp the Project Initiators in the decision making, planning, and management control of the project. The Project Initiators are the Department of Mining and Energy, the State Electri-

I - 3 cal Company (Main Project of South Kalimantan and a 150 KV Network), as well as the Government of the South Kalimantan Province.

I.5. Scope of the study

An important step in analyzing the Environmental impact is to determine the scope of the study. The scope of the study consists of 1. Determining the territorial boundary of the study area. 2. Determining the analyzed Environmental Components. 3. Analyzing the plan of activities which are likely to cause impacts. 4. Conducting research and study of the base line environment. 5. Compiling a guide for environmental management and environmental monitoring strategies.

I.S.1. Territorial Boundary of the Study Area

1. Project Boundary The project area covers land which is directly under the route of the transmission line. The 118 km long path includes villages in Municipal city Banjarmasin and Rcqcn- cies Banjar and Tanah Laut (Fig. 1.1).

2. Ecological Boundary This boundary is determined according to thc -cala and the differant types of natural processcs. The determination of the Ecological Boundary is based on the prominent .a.pucti- of the activities of the Project which are likely to h.ac- "n impact on the environment as well as the impact oL thu environment on the transmission line. The sprcad ot the

S- 4 impact is 50 meters to the left and to the right of the transmission route (Figure I.2).

3. Administrative Boundary This boundary concerns the social, economic, and cul- tural activities of the Government. It is also concerned about particular public places where people, farmers, and merchants conduct'their activities. Administratively thc. transmission line will pass through Municipal city 3anjarma- sin and Regencies Banjar and Tanah Laut (Figurc 1.3).

4. Technical Boundary This boundary is determined by the capability of the technical study based on the limitation of the funds, time, facilities, and the availability of experts. Also, the importance of science and technology in controlling, planning, and protecting the worker safety is to be considered.

1.5.2. The Environmental components Studied

There are three main Environmental Components witth parameters to be analyzed for the study. They will be u..c*d to evaluate the impact of the project activities. The txzpl- nation of each component is as follows:

I.5.2.1. Geophysical components

A. Climate a. The important climate components include the type ot tne climate, temperature (maximum, minimum, and average temperature), humidity, and precipitation. B. Physiography and Geology

The physiographic and geological data that need to be identified includes : a. Topography, geomorphology, structural geology, and seis- mic information of the transmission route, and the surrounding areas. b. Geological condition of the rock and the soil. c. Location and the width of dangerous areas, such as regions of landslides, mass wasting, and floods. d. The uniqueness of the morphology will be presented on a map with sufficient scale (1:100,000or as needed) for the study.

C. Hydrology

a. High tide/Low tide.

D. Land and its use

a. Inventory of land use and other existing resources prior to the project, and the planned use of the activity sitc_ and the surrounding areas afterward. b. Conflict of interests between the project and the exizt- ing users.

1.5.2.2. Biotic components

The Identification of the terrestrial and aquatic natural resources will be based on - the secondary data or direct measurements from the field. They include: a. Identification of the habitats of the rare flora anel fauna near the transmission line.

I - e. b. Discussion of the natural and cultivated plant and animal communities which exist in the plan activity site and surrounding area.

S.5.2.3. Social economy, social culture, and public health:

The base line environment of social economy, social cul ture, and public health at the planned activity site and the surrounding areas include : a. The population structure, including the number of the population, the density, the gender proportion, the mobility, and the birth and mortality rates. b. Education and religion. c. Public health.

1.5.2.4. The planned activity impacts to be studied

The activity impacts to be studied in this project are components which are likely to cause impacts before the construction, during the construction, and after the construction.

A. Pre Construction Phase

Land acquittal activities for the tower locations are likely to cause negative impacts during this phase. Land speculation and changes in land ownership will cause social unrest. Accurate and timely information will minimize this problem.

B. Construction Phase

Impacts due to mobility of the workers, equipment, and materials needed for the project, and the activities during

I - 7 the tower construction and wire stringing are to be analyzed. The need of workers for this project which increase of the job opportunity, is a positive impact, but the limited skills of the job hunters, may lead to the existence of some scalpers (mediators) in the job hunting.

C. Post Construction Phase

Impacts due to the high voltage electricity transmission during this time need to be studied.

1.6. METHODS OF STUDY

I.6.1. Data Collecting

To document the base line environment of the project area, the use of secondary data is stressed. Primary data collecting is done when secondary data is not available. Appropriate data collecting method for each field of study is used.

I.6.2.1. Primary Data Collecting

The primary data on the physical, biotic, social economy, social culture, and public health are collected from the field. The data collecting locations are determined based on the result of the coverage.

1-8a the tower construction and wire stringing are to be analyzed. The need of workers for this project which increase of the job opportunity, is a positive impact, but the limited skills of the job hunters, may lead to the existence of some scalpers (mediators)in the job hunting.

C. Post Construction Phase

Impacts due to the high voltage electricity transmission during this time need to be studied.

1.6. HETHODS OP STUDY

I.6.1. Data Collecting

1.6.1.1. Prxmary Data Collecting

The primary data on the physical, biotic, social economy, social culture, and public health are collected from the field. The data collecting locations are determined bva_ud on the result of the coverage. a. Climate

Measurement and calculation of some secondary meteoro- logical data such as temperature, wind direction and velocity, humidity, precipitation, pressure, and -rain intensity are done to examine the climate of the research area.

b. Physiography and Geology

Examination of Physiography, geology, erosion, and the change or the modification of land due to digging, filling up or some quarrying is conducted using maps which are available for the feasibility study. Regions which have a big risk in erosion are illustrated on maps with appropriate scale.

c. Farming and Food Ecology

Investigation on the farming is done by survey and special study. Survey is used to examine the general condition of the farming system in the study area, whereau thce special study is to examine detailed farming problems withir the society, in relation to social-economy, social culturu, and food ecology. d. Land Use

Land use data in the planned activity sites is oGtairud from the Land Use Map of the Directorate of Land Use. Iae map is utilized to interpret the route plan of the hiCJgi voltage transmission line. Direct examinations in the tielO are also done.

I- 9 e. Flora

This study is to examine the composition and the structure of the flora along the planned transmission route. The study is done by registering the plant's types (aquatics or terrestrial), and the number of the each individual plant. It is also to examine plants which have special values (i.e. plants.with high economical value, plants that can be used for construction/buildingmaterial, and plants that are very typical for the area). f. Fauna

The fauna examination is done using inventory, interview, catching, and trail tracking methods. f. 1. Inventory Faunal inventorying is done especially in the transmission planned site. This is done by exploring somc arcas which is expected to have a lot of fauna, such as residential areas. Faunal types and their habitats need to be registered. f. 2. Interview An interview is done to the people living in the project and surrounding areas to register some animals *-hich are overlooked during the inventory process. A complete faunal data is expected. g. Aspects of Social Culture - Social Economy, and Public Health

Those aspects are studied by interviewing some re- spondents in the project area. The topic of the intervie.w consists of custom or tradition, institution, art, soci4l fidgety, and public health.

I _- f ed in the Decision of the Minister of Population and Envi- ronment KEP-49/MENKLH/6/1987, with the consideration of a. The number of people affected by the impact b. The extant of the impact c. The duration of the impact d. The intensity of the impact e. The number of other environmental components affected by the impact f. The cumulative nature of the impact g. The repeated or non repeated impact.

The degree of the important impact to environment is as follows

1. Less important (Li) 2. Sufficiently important (-Si) 3. Important (I) 4. More important (Mi) 5. Very important (Vi) g. 1. Demography The demographic study is implemented in the areas which are expected to be influenced by the impacts. The goals of this study are: a. To examine the composition, the increase, and the density of the population in the study area. b. To study the participation of the working generation. c. To study the social economic level of the people in relation to the high voltage transmission constructing plan.

g. 2. Health Aspect The health aspect study is done by household survey, .a field observation by interviewing heads of household in the areas of the planned activities. The variables to cxamine the public health include : a. The status of the public health b. The environmental health c. Public health care d. The stage of the spread disease

1.6.3. Impact Estimation and Evaluation

Estimation of the important impacts is dGnu us: r.q quantitative and qualitative-descriptivemethods. The size of those expected impacts due to the pro)ect activities is presented with the following criterio

The type and size of the impact

- Positive Impact (-) - Negative Impact (-)

The impact estimation is then evaluated based on Vie Important Impact Determination Guide Lines, which is irncluo-

1 - 21 CHAPTER It THE ACTXVITIES PLAN

XI.1I.Initiator identity and the Initial Environment Examination Study Compiling

II.l.l. Identity of the Initiator

The initiator of the planne Mine Mouth Cool Thermal Power Plant, Banjarmasin is

The Initiator :State Electrical Company (PLN) Officier in Charge : Ir. R.M. Sahid Budihardjo Occupation : PLN Environmental Assesment Team Leader Official Address : Jl. X.S. Tubun 1/2 Jakarta Barat

11.1.2. Identity of Executioner

Project Executioner : Statc Electrical Comnpany(PLt) Officer in Charge : Head of the Survey Departziscrit Official Address : LINA Building 4 th Floor 3J..Rasuna Said Jakarta Pusat

11.1.3. Identity of Initial Environmental Examinatorz (PIL)

Assessment of Initial Environmental Examinaticn of Mine Mouth Coal Thermal Generating Plan were doncebLy ;L1; with the assistance of PT. PRAMT-H WIDYA.

I1 - 1 Officier in Charge for Environmental Assesment Study N a m e : Prof. Oehadiyono Occupation : Director of PT. PRATAMA WIDYA Official Address : Green Ville AW 64 Jakarta

The Environmenpal Assesment team Consists of

1. Team Leader Ir. Suharto Tjojudo, M.Sc 2. Physical/Chemical Engineer : Ir. Ferdinand 3. Geologist : Ir. Wartono Rahardjo 4. Meteorologist : Ir. Bambang P 5. Electrical Engineer : Ir. Syafri Martinus 6. Biologist : Dra. Nanik Heru Suprapti 7. Mining Engineer :Ir. Aryo PE, M. Eng S. Social Economic Specialist : Dra. Budi 11gestiningc-i 9. Health Specialist : dr. Adi Heru Sutomo

11.2. Activity Description

11.2.1. General View

Based on the obtained infor=arion, in 1955' r."c ie; voltage line in Banjarnasin will cover 4 Xaiir E1r_ .s- 150 KV, as follows

1. Sebrang Barito Substarioh, on the west sidt c: I..r. - masin river 2. Banjarmasin Substation in Banjarmasin city 3.Trisakti Substation in the west of tae city 4. Cempaka Substation, about 40 km south cast cLo!aj.ar- masin.

It - 2 The connecting point from Mine Mouth Electric Power Station is Cempaka 150 XV Substation, and from Cempaka 150 XV Substation to Trisakti 150 XV Substation. The Cempaka 70 XV and Trisakti 70 XV Substations have been operating. A 150 XV Substation needs to be built for them. Technical feasibility study for the route of a lHigh Voltage Transmission 150 KV line front Mine Mouth Electric Power Station to Cempaka 150 XV Substation to Trisakti 150 XV Substation is now being conducted to get definite data about the number and the type of tower, and tiac ideal route for the transmission.

11.2.2. The Purpose and Objective of the Project

As discussed in the background, that tthc purpose and the objective of the project is to distribute the clectri cal energy produced by Mine Mouth Power Station GCO We to Cempaka Substation and Trisakti Substation.

The energy will then be distributed to consu=erz .: it is needed for household uses in m"ny dcli c*e;.t cities/towns through many steps of voltage decrea-e.

11.2.3. The Use of the Project This project is to fulfill and improve tine rel4a4.ai- ty, the stability and continuity of the uore econo.icall service of electricity in the State Electrical Cozpanr.y>ui, district VI, Banjarmasin, South Xalimantan.

Z1.2.4. Types of activity plan A double circuit transmission line iz utilized Jritti high voltage constructing. The tranzmiz-ion lir.econdaLt: of 75 km from the (660 MW) Mine Youth 1'o.er''taticn tCd

I -3 the Cempaka 150 KV Substation and a 43 km line from Cempaka Substation to Trisakti Substation (Figure XX.1). The plan of the project activities include

A. PRE CONSTRUCTION STEP

The Pre Construction activities include :

1. Field Survey

a. Topographic Survey 1). The plan of the transmission route is first sketched on a topographic map of 1:50,000 scale. 2). The chosen route is evaluated based on the real field condition. 3). The determination of the route is based on the technical and economical aspects. The best route should have optimum technical and economical aspects. 4). The measurement of horizontal distance, surface elevation, contouring, and other features (i.e. roads, irrigation networks, railroads) is done using theodolite. Those measurements are then plotted on the profile map. 5). The profile map is made in accordance with the design. This map should depict the condition of the tower location and the land where the transmission route is located and the surrounding areas, including the names of the towns, sub districts, regencies, the names of the land owners, especially in the tower sites. b. Soil Mechanic Survey In general, this survey is conducted to examine the soil condition, and the primary goals are : 1). To provide data needed for the plan of digging and

II - 4 burying. 2). To compile surface and soil condition data in the tower sites. 3). To give suggestions about choosing the foundation type that is best for that area, based on the result of the soil mechanic data. 4). To provide important technical data to make the budged estimagion easier.

The activities which are done in the soil mechanic survey include The activity done in the soil mechanic survey include 1. Sondir, with two ton capacity, 'the depth is up to the hard layered or until the resistance cone larger than 150 2 kg/cm 2. Boring test with auger 4 bor, with the deptli of G metres from ground surface. 3. Soil sampling : a. original soil sample. b. Non original soil sample.

2. Information Information concerning the activity plan for the con structing of the high voltage transmission 150 NV and the changing related to it is given to the people before the land acquittal is done.

3. The land acquittal of the tower site 1. The land inventory for the tower site is done by the State Electrical Company, the land owners, ara t:.c Institute of National Agraria (BPU) IZ, certitiied b-; tn4e local Hedman. This land inventory data depict rtt size. the status, and the class of the land.

II - r 2. Compensation for the land owners is discussed with the consideration of the standard land price issued by the Regent, the Head of the regancy. The discussion is led by the Institute of National Agraria or by the Subdistrict Head. 3. The acquitted land by The State -Electrical Company includes the land for the tower location site, the width is determined1 according to the type of the tower. Hard plants (That can grow up to more than 9 m) within the areas of 26 m to the left and the right of the transmission route axe is freed. Compensation for those plants is given to the owners. 4. The acquittal of the land for the tower site is co,iducted by the land acquittal committee formed by the South Kalimantan Government for each regency. 5. The land acquittal procedures is based on the Regulation of the Minitter of Intern Affairs No. 15/1975, concerning about land acquittal procedure policy. 6. Information to people about the procedure of the compensation giving, the safety of the transmission and the environment. 7. The land acquitted by the State Electrical Company is the location of the tower site, their size is shown in the following table

Table 11. 1. Policy on the type and the location of the 150 KV Nigh Vottage Tranitssion Tower:. Tower Position Angle of Foundation Uidth of the llo. type line 71L deviation to) acQJitledareas ...... a...... ''''...... N- X Aa Straight 30 16 a 16 29.5i 29.5 u 870.2S 2 Bb len 200 20 K 20 33.5 A 33.S * 1 222.2S 3 Cc Cend 40 20 I 20 33.5 A 33.5 * 1.Z2Z.25 4 Od send nd 600 20 IL 20 31.5 a 33.S 1,222.2S DOd terminal ...... _.....

The tower types are shown in £figure: r1L.2, II.3,II.4 and II.5 The minimum clearanc betwccn thc conductor and ground and the other objecte aJrC chown in table 11.2.

II - 6 TabLe 11. 2. inisassclearance betwen the cueictor of High Voltage rranisalon ad the grurd and ether objects...... :.... High Volttae Trans- No. L a c a t I e n miassonISn 0 IV

T ;...... 1 Open field or pen area 7.5 2 Specific greos g 2.1 Buildingwhich Is not resistantto fire 13 5 , 2.2 lulding resistant to fire 4.5 2.3 Traffics/ hishwsys 9.0 2.4 Trees, forest,plantation 4.5 2.5 Sport fields U3.5 2.6 Other High VoltageTransmission, Low 4.0 distributIonnetworks, Teleomxnication network, radiownd television antemus, sky Llt 2.7 Rail road Ccmun rail roads) 4.0 2.6 Steel bridges, Iron framework conductor, 4.0 *lectric trains, etc. 2.9 The highest polnt of sihip s pole at the 4.0 high stand at water traffics ......

B. Construction Phase

The construction phase activities include

a. Workers mobility Workers needed for this step of the project are a:; follows : 1. Expert. Three experts with education level of Sarjana Teknik are needed. 2. Foreman Six people with B.S. or D III in engineering are needed. 3. Skilled laborer Thirty people with STH degree are needed for s'.illue - laborer. 4. Laborer Ninety people with Elementary or Junior High School education are needed for larorers.

II - 7 The experts consist of foreigner and immigrant (people from outside the project area). Other workers except the laborers also come from the outside of the project area. The composition of the workers is presented in the following table.

TableII. 3. Workersneeded for the project...... I...... I I I I workerorigin I I I I lYpeof I I...-, ... | No.1 uorier EducationI I Canefram I HousiingI4lik r | local out side | Foreig2 location total * I1 Ipeople the projcchI ner I I I I I ~~~~~~~rcajII

i Expert jSarjanr I - I aI ice I 1 tcknib. I I Z em.s.forFan ard * I aX * site 1 4 I

I 3 Skit.ed STI . 1 £ 1K.a3 I I[Laborer I I I I | I I |4 Labarer IElecn- aA - I.'tc& I K tary/ju-I I |Iniahihl n r h I I I I I I school I

b. The mobility of equipments and materials Equipment which need to be transportecL (Moblizie:1d) includes mixer, .stringing machine, planting uquipmunt. trucks, cars and carrying poles for trancsporting tth towers. The -depend on the location of thte tower.. T.aLLi. II. 4. shows the operating systtem and til typ c: Lhit: equipments.

11 - Table Ii. 4. The Operatingsystm and the typeof the equipments forthe project activities...... | "o-I Type of I Operating Type of equipments Capacity I I activities syst model j 1---1------1------..--1------1------

I Land cleaning Manual Hoe. sickle,shovel 1 Toer/Oay/ I and measuremnt crowbar,c theodolite | group r of foundations piLmeter. masuring I I I lbox I

2 Land digging | MartiaL| Planting machine, 2 Tower/day/ I J for foundation Imixer,I shovel, scoop-I growp | I I I ing bucket I I

6 Stringing |anual t Stringing machine. - I I I I I fishing wire. acu- I | | Isioer.| a too for I I I imzeasuring string i I I I.tension

c.Tower Erection

During the constructing of the foundations and the tower positioning, the extent of the land is planned to be wide enough for the activities. Some materials is stored in the storage in the base camp, and to be picked up/ delivered to the field whenever needed. Other materials, such as corals, sand, etc. are to be bought at the closest stores, tobe delivered to the constructing sites whenever needed. Water and concrete mixer are from the constructing sites and the surrounding areas. All of these activities

II - 9 are relatively short and to be done in different places, at all of the tower sites. Tower is erected on top of a foundation which has been built earlier. A stub ( a place where the tower foot is tied with moor - bolt connection) has been installed on the foundation. This tower constitutes.of a profilc frame (commonly called as lattice steel tower), arranged in such way that each steel member has different dimension. This tower constrtrctingmethod is manual, the equipments needed for the constructing are tool sets crane, jin pole and string. The route of the 150 KV high voltage transmission line is 118 km long with an average span of 350 m. There will be approximately 369 towers with the network route as shown in Table II. 5.

Table 11. S. Villages/ gelurahan crossed by the Nigh VOItage Transmission line of nine Itouth Electric Power Station - Cpaka Substation - Trisakti Sustcacion. sanjarmasin.

No.1 unicipaL city S.bdistrick 1 Village%/ &eturahan Iliesency I ...... I 1. Tanih Laur 1. J oar on 9 1. Aiawuaar 2. J a r a n g 3. jitatan

l~~~~~~~~ 6. aetalinngt r 7. S&aw&PApar 2. Pelaihari 1. cecam 2. IcOing SinrIng 3. LA.AdVaan S. Tita ira.J i. BJmi Jqan1 7. TaonVNrq A.cn.'n OtcLats 9o Sur nut ia, 10. Sdarng Alarn II. slufl 3. Bati-rati aSanju Ira 2. 5eVxIc LdIpg S.&.usi. Uza I nana1

7. PUIag Sari a. Sur4ht Ptflnw 9. 1ao5.ar4Ulai.bb hO. Swtj.asJaLuat 2. annjar 1.Cempak a C e p a k a 3. bappal

2. Bz.njarzA.sin 2.1. Sr.;aianjarbaar Belr Coca 3. LO& 1W.&I ...... _ ._ The ground clearence is larger than in the developed countries (which is only around 7.5 - 13.5 m), to give higher safety level due to the low of the education ievel of the people in the project area. Based on the PUXL 1987; 760 F, the distance between a high voltage transmission conductor and an extra high voltage with the ground and other objects, a 150 KV high transmission line should have minimum clearpnce, so that the land along the transmission route need to be acquitted. However, the regulation of the Minister of Mining and Energy of February 7, 1992, No. Ol.P/47/MPE/1992, and its enclosure says that the tower can be heighten so that the land along the transmission route does not need to be acquitted (Figures XX.6, XX.7,XX.8,XX.9 and XX.10). d. Stringing Stringing is done starting from one section to the others respectively. The locations are selected at the tension tower. The location of the tension tower is in the open and relatively wide areas. Four tensional conductor drumps are arranged within this* area, the end of the conductors are then connected with fishing wires. Those fishing wires are pulled (manually by people) to the next related section where the pulling machine is located. This pulling machine is then activated parallel with the tension machine located at the drump sites. Coordination of these works is done using a radio communication operat- ed by operators from those two sites.

II - 12 Table 11.5. cGntinfJd

No |Icipl city Suibdltrlct | VItimges.Klurahan ...... 3. Landasan Ulin 1. Cuntung Payug 2. Lasan U in lnr 3. LandasanUlin Tenglh 4. Landsan Ulin E.rat 4. C a m b u t 1 G a * b u t 2. Kayu la"wag 5. Kortak Hanyar 1. HMkar Raya 2. linus Hanyar 3.SungaiLakm 4. sifipang Ena 5. andarSart 3. UmnJarmsln 1. laniar Seaitan 1. I a s I r I h 2. mantult 3. Klayan Selatan 4. Kalayan Tiuur 2. lanjar Barat 1. Totuk Tiram 2. Telaga Siru 3. PoLa,buan *--X--.--.-ZZ-----.------"-Z-. ------.--.---- mos

There are many basic assumption in the constructing of the 150 KV high voltage transmission line of Electric Power Station Mine Mouth - Cempaka Substation - Trisakti Substation. The assumptions are made with the consideration to the technical and economical aspects, safety, both to the transmission line and the environment of the surrounding areas. The determined basic design is : a. The transmission tower height : 53.7 m. b. The conductor type Phase conductor : ACSR 240/40 mm (26/7). Ground wire GSW 55 mm. c. The number of conductor : double circuit, 3 phat._*4 wires d. The average span : 350 m. e. Wind velocity : 2.7 km/ hour or 1.5 knots. f. Minimum ground clearance : 16 m.

rr - 22 C. Post Construction Phase

The post construction activities include

1. Final check

a. Capacity and capability of service The capapity and capability of the high voltagc transmission 150 KV service is as follow

Type of productioni current carrylng capacicy

High Voltage Dove conductorwith 538,500 C c...1 Transmission Fluminium, Al/ St 26/7 150 xV , 1 wire every phasc, thu curtflnt capacity 2 x 3 x 1 x 573 A.mpt.. ilumber of circuit 2, nuz=er c' p.iaa'e 1. Current CarcyLng CA[.&c:L lCCA Dovc conductor 573 Amph.

.. .. ^ s ,^ ... _.^doo.|____-_-______b. Interconnecting system of the high voltagu rranrz=:s:Gr. 150 XV The interconnection between transnislionc, :te- sr.c_s that it will be very beneficiarry to get three rjhqrjvolt- age transmissions 150 XV connecred and all ti- :- are from Mine Mouth Electric Power Statior , Those three transmission systezs are Larito, La ' and Xuala Kapuas. The incerconnection needz 2 1ine:;. c'nc is from Cezpaka Substation tO the load cer.cer ot .L-.a Lima system at Barikin (110 kn); the otior i- frfz s brang Barito Substation tO Kuala Xapuaz (40 kimi. Cathered informations say that in 105., tne nLg:l voltage transmission 150 KV linc: in Banjirm;&Ji_in*_:l; constitute of four substations, namely

1 , - ', 1. Sebrang Barito Substation, in the westside of Banjarmiasin. 2. Banjarmasin Substation, in Banjarmasin city. 3. Trisakti Substation, in the west part of the city. 4. Cempaka Substation, is about 40 km south east of Banjarmasin.

The connecting point from Mina Mouth Ilower St.ation Generator is Cempaka Substation, which has capability to absorb the energy to be channeled to Benua Lima (Figurc II.11). This high voltage 150 KV transmission line will bu extended from Cempaka Substation to Trisaikti SubStdtion. so that Mine Mouth Power Station will be direct conn

1. From Mine Mouth Power Station to Cempaka Substation : 75 km. 2. From Cempaka Substation to Trisakti Substation : ;3 km. c. Energy distribution process This proces is shown in the following sc.e_e

...... --..... -----...... The etger, is pr.adc IGrerator bt units of qtmrioorb Generate cte electricity at1 minc faug Power station I etectrical erirgy) I rt_...... |trs-e1 _ . ------... TAt w4:a. rf Ill. prc Tranitforur by 'Jorat.ors la Incr*440d To Increae the vItge Di traniuorear.p la 1i5C rV

,...... - - er wr is tr.aiutted (ua trrtut.d) Lhruo,r usiy iHighVoltage Jrarai&&ito Voltage tramal&bal3 10 CY line ISO gv tIo &.btation Cru"La ...... ris

...... At the Sr4tasti j tAe eGI s6MEcn I taSe oft h crersy Ii. ------.-....Omccrc to Le tstriLwtcIJ

I:-: 2. Maintenance It consist of tower painting, which is donc periodi- cally. The number of the workers, their education and experties needed for this work is preseAted in the following table.

Table 11.6. wuNborand orisinof workers

Educatien Origin st.Iuu. Ino.1EEplanation ...... -.-. .I. .. 1 I I | S I SH I High I JuniorlElwen- iLocallfrom out I forcg-I Per.i-I Datmi I I I I I Schoetl Nigh I ary I Ibi cPro- mner jwnt | I I I J | | SchooliSchool I jeci arca | | ...... I..... |1.ICoordinator I - I I I I I I I' I I II ...... I. 12.JForeman j ~~ J2ja JA A * ! 3 f°rtnt--- ! 1 1 2 1 I II ------* - -- I ...... I ...... *I For I I I I I I I .I II. I I 1 1.1 1 1 1 . ;

I I srat I I I I I I I I ...... ;...... , onI II ] II I I I l!.

; a l___~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~.__...... _..Io I-l I I I 2 I .. ;. .. . I I l I I I

The facilities of the activitic<, thc work. n.ar:trf .inn the type of education and skill. to rc eJiv, n .t.? : workers include ;

a. The free distance standard according to r.sui.a- tions.

'r !- CHAPTER III BASE LINE ENVIRONMENT

III. 1. Physical Environment Component

III. 1. 1. Climate

Climate is presented by many parameters, including temperature, humidity, cloud covering, wind direction and velocity, and solar insulation. In the project site, the average temperature during thc day is around 27 to 29 °C. It some time reaches below or above those numbers. The fluctuation of the temperature during the days varies, it is below 3 OC most all the time, but some time it reaches above 5 OC. The record shows that in December 16, 1989, the fluctuation reached 10 OC. During the nights the temperature is lower, around 23 - 26 0C, with stable fluctuation, lower than 3 °C. The fluctuation of the temperature during the days is mostly caused by cloud covering. Cloud covering of 1, 2, 3, Octa causes the sunlight mostly bc radiated to cartlh, mq.&kc_ the heating more intensive. At nights, the cloud covering isz bigger/ larger, around 5 to 7 Octa, and this causes lo-. fluctuation on the night temperature. Wind velocity is usually low, mostly und.r I -/ *..cond. It gets faster some time, more than 1 m/ sec. BGt!t or nogrt: or during the days the source of the wind directiGn seez to be irregular. It is usually froz the cast (both. s-cuth ea-t and north east) and from north west and :zctk. .tz {_:t Figure III. 1).

The humidity is generally high, from 70 - g t ourfing the days, and o - 9 % at nights (Table- JX1. 3). Table III. 1. Humidity data from Banjar Baru Station, during the year of 1974 - 1987.

M a n t h Year ------Jan Feb March Apr May June JuLy Aug Sept Oct Nov 0ttc t I I S %U %1 * t %. .1

1974 - 88 86 85 84 s 86 81 OaG U2 U7 U7 1975 88 87 89 87 86 85 80 84 LI S7 Ua 9O 1976 88 87 86 87 84 84 80 76 75 U4 8U9 u¶J 1977 87 96 93 90 80 85 79 79 77 7' s0 07 1978 85 87 86 85 86 86 86 84 86 86 84 8s 1979 89 88 86 87 84 85 79 76 80 7t 8U 69 1980 87 87 87 88 84 85 81 78 75 80 85 as 1981 86 86 85 86 85 83 87 77 82 83 89 91 1982 90 91 90 89 86 85 78 76 74 75 79 07 19B3 88 85 85 85 88 87 86 81 78 84 89 90 1984 90 90 89 90 91 87 88 84 89 64 U) u¶i 1985 90 88 88 88 a8 85 88 83 83 b2 L19 50 1986 89 91 90 89 87 88 85 o0 el te J c 1987 91 89 go 91 91 8S 82 81 77 77 Cat 90

average 82 88a1 89 88 86 e5.3 84 a0 P. &.C I e '

Source : The meteorology and Geophysical IstitutLe. J4kurta.

Table III. 2 shows the averagc precipitation for E Baru area from 1974 to 1987.

Table Ill. 2. Averageprecipitatirm for i"ijaraaru station from 1974 - 1907.

I I P. en t n gerg------g-.-.--...... I I Jan j Feb march J 41Jrw y J.Iv I A.;q . Iz.c: ':- ; ;- .

_...... 197 152.6 349.6- 211.6 205.2 1C.6 73.9 139.5 1 U.5 122.1I .1.7 I ;j I . :Z 11973 " I.7 217.8 518.3 I253.7 tt4. I 135.5 200 1Z.L 1l7. I 1.f.I:: - 119761 l7&.7 I 305. j 185a.6 1 138.91 C7.4 1 159.9 1 54.1 J C5S. I 1J.4 . W'-vi ;:* ;. 1977 317.9 42..8 3A.1 33 j 93S.4 n72 2I.2 ,5.?, I 12.? 2;.: L:.a. i . .Z 197ZJ 21S.4 262.71 390.7 272.71 214.9 1".4 2U. 1W.Z t:'-;IIS ; Il.. 1 1.-.. 1979 415.2 192 296.6 211'.3 185.6 132.9 3..1 23.7 V I . I Z.".. I.''.- 1980 1 413.1 I270 I 135.1 191.1 159.6 1114.1 RZ.3 20.4 .6.1 I21.1.'.ii.:. I *.*t i 1981| Zes | 26.3 233.1 j 446.5| 17L.C.3 2.1 230.2 I1J.' 'a;. 3 &.1 I Z. ! I1982 311.l1 k0.4 392.3 2O- j19.9 61.S t1O.-I 4.11 22.- * 1983 | 37.2 23&-. 126I.. s |J53.bfi6S. 2 .1 1.31 12.7 2.II 2.1.1 IJ se.f.t I %9u1. 45.1 241.3 U'I.4 3-,2.4 1A.L PA.1. 227 3 3t,.:lU.I;.!e- i|L.e * 'A I 1985 453.5 177.5 f 212.2 176.9 169.1 W.3 94.5 1s I S 'I:--'. I -': l I- 119071313.6 22.7 421.7 207.3 197.51 L0. 37.Z :1.2 |;.4I :s ::i.' .::A _......

Scurce : The MearcLcg 1 ad epnr izalIrtuIt.e., J..aeza.

cv.: - Table III. 2 shows that the dry season in Banjarmasin occurs from May to October. However, in 1983 the precipitation was still highl in May and Junc, it. was us.. m,m asnd 243.6 mm respectively. In May 1984 the it was relatively high, 10.6 mm. At the dry season in 1974 to 1987, the record of the lowest precipitation was in August 1981, it w..a only 10.3 mm; while the highest was in October 1976, 399.¶J mm. The rainy season in Banjar Baru is from tiovembur t April (Table III. 2). The lowest precipitation was in ipril 1983, 57.8 mm and the highest was 518.3 mm, in M.arch 1S7t0.

III. 1. 2. Physiography and Geology

A. Physiography

The transmission route which starts fron Mulut r.3r.al,jI Power Station and ends at Relay Station Trinak.ti a_ rorc or less parallel to high ways. Those route generally . through plain or undulated areas. The plain areas uS&.22 consist of swamps, or plain areas covered witn tall rjrse_ and bushes. The undulated mountains consi-t of _ areas covered with tall grasses and busnce, ar.d _ose-areas which are being developed to be sugar cdr.U , especially around Pelaihari City (Figure III. 2j. From Asar-AsaD to Jorong, the trarisZiZic,. r -- will pass through plain areas, which are cove:re ,S' :ti_ grasses and sparse bushes. From Jorong to Pe!a.t&.'A,::.._

route passes through zedium to light ur.culate_ -::;.:..& Right before entering Pelaihari, rhe topoqrapt.yc-r.s.z_: _ low undulated mountains coverredby tall gras-Se ar.a _ which is alzo used for sugar cane pilantation. ?rr,:. hari to Cempaka the transmission route pdzcez tnrouq:t

i r -3 slightly undulated mountain to slightly undulated lowland of sugar cans plantation. From Cempaka to Trisakti the transmission lina will pass over plain or swamp areas and soma undulated lowland.

B. Geology

From Asam-Asam to Jorong, the transmission routo will pass over swamp deposits which consist of loose gravel, sand, silt, and clay. Red sandstone of the Upper part of Dahor Formation is some time exposed in some places. From Jorong to Pelaihari, the lithology consist of sedimentary rocks of Dahor Formation (Tertiary). In the soutlhof Ptelai- hari, the route will pass through weathered Mesozoic Meta- morphic Rocks. In Cempaka, this line in general will pass through Quaternary deposits overlying the Tertiary Red Sandstone. From Cempaka to Trisakti, it will cross :.wainp deposits which consist of loose gravel, sand, silt, and cl.y (Figure II:. 3).

III. 1. 3. Hydrology

The transmission route will pasz through man! bLg .antJ small rivers. Asam-Asam and Martapura river- ir%.ttt: ,4.1i streams which will be crossed by the route. Other _nmt.1 rivers are Sawangan, Tabanio, and Banyuhir4n. Asam-Asam river is -.ose to the Mulut T.ik.bnc Paowr Station location. It flows from the north to the SCutth. tG the Java Sea. The maximum discharge down strcan (arftr crossing with the bridge) is 54.4 n3/ iecon, wh*:Lu t':s minimum discharge is 0,90s 3/ second. Uc_zideiLtt ^Lj people's daily lives, the river is alsc u_cd ac: tion medium, especially for transporting timters.

1ill - : Martapura river crosses the Municipality City Banjarma- sin near - the Relay Station Trisakti. This river flows to Barito river near Banjarmasin City. In general, the low and high tide in the Martapura river is affected by the low and high tide of Barito river.

Table III. The high - low tide of Martapura river.

...... I I Highest tide I Loiwet tide

Janury 120.30 - 22.30 122.4 - 24 1 -11 111.30 - 1Z.3O I O0.8 11 - 19 IFebruary 19.30 - 20.30 |21.6 -23.2 3 - 11 10.30 - 11.30 | -1.6 116 - 25 .NIrch 16.30- 17.3D |21.6 -22.4 23 -27 09.00 - 10.30 I 1.6 4.0| 9 - 25 .Apr1t |15.00 - 16.30 22.4 - 23.2 20 -24 104.30 - 06.00 |2.4 4.0 119 291 may 112.00 - 12.30 23.2 - 24 21 - 29 01.00 - 03.00 0. *2.4 181- 3 June |11.30 - 12.00 213.2 - 24.8 16 - 291 00.30 - 01.20 | 0.0.D1 23 30J I July 109.30 - 10.30 122.4 - 24 1 1S- 21 23.30 - 00.30 I 0 0.11 14- 28 lugust |07.30 - 09.30 |21.6 - 22.4 11 - 191 2.00 - 22.30 l0.8 -2.4 18 25 Septeer IO05.30 - 06.00 121.6 - 22.4 119 - 29 21.30 - 22.00 12.4 -4.01 2- 5 October 103.30 - 04.00 122.4 - U3.Z 1S * 30 11.30 - 17.30 13.2 4.0 125 30 lovcfifer I24.00 - 01.00 123.2 - Z4 124 - 261 13.30 - 14.30 I 1.6 2.4 23 27 |Dceuber |22.30 - 23.30 123.2- 24 24 - 25109.30 - 13.30 10.8- 1.6 1 1 21* ...___.____..._.__.__...... _._...... Source : The Neteorotogyand Geophysical Institute, Jakarta

The table shows that the high tide is around 22.4 - 24 dm with minimum tide of 21.6 dm and the maximum of 24.8 dnm. The low tide is arcund 0.8 - 2.4 dm, the minimum i_. 0.0 dii and the maximum is 4 dn.

11I.1.4. Soil

Based on the available soil. m&p of I LOO,000 :.c.L%. regionally South Kalimantan is composed of _oil= =4p. UnLt_

I1I.]-: (SMU); which include soil map units Organosol gicihumus, Alluvial, Latosol, Yellowish red Podzolic complex, Laterit- ic, and Podzol (Fig. I11.4). In the southern and western parts of South Kalimantan Province, parallel to the coast, Alluvial SMU is distributed. This unit covers the coastal and fluvial plains, with an elevation between 1 - 15 m above sea level. The ground water surface is generally low, these areas is even flooded peri- odically, or permanently in some places. The alluvial unit includes many different kind of soils, namely Glei Humic, Glei Histic, alluvial, and Regosol. The alluvial is origi- nated from a parent rock which consists of dusty to sandy clay alluvium with an organic rich top horizon, where as the regosol is developed from loose coarse coastal sand. The Glei Humic and Glei Histic soils are hydromorphic, rich in organic material, and occ'ipy low depth areas. Thc Glei soil spreads on areas with bad drainage system, especially along the Java coast (flooded coastal swamps), the flooded areas of Kintap and Asam-Asam rivers and their distributaries, and southern part of Banjarmasin. The alluvial covers especially along river banks, consists of rcla- tively new aulvium, and is still being renewed. The reco;ol soil is distributed mainly in the southeast coastal plain-. consists of coarse and loose coastal sand. The Glei lumic soil unit spreads over 43,487 hectares, the Alluvi.Al unit covers 43,487 ha, whereas the Regosol covers 27,772 h.i.. Stretching out to the south west, covering mo'c p4.&tOt the western and north western parts of Regency T&n lh L4ut L': the Physiographic unit FKeratusHiLl. This unit h&z "n .leV.z- tion around 100 - 500 m above sea level. About 4T-Jt t;..&.-.: the areas is 500 m above sea level. Keratus KL : : dissected volcan, covered by Latozol unit. Lto, : tropical soil, *with deep solu=, ar.d ac_dic. Lac s! i_ produced by an intensive weathering ct rpdrur.t rc..e_. z:

.. * - ; overburdwning o. nutrient elements. Latosol soil map unit covers about 153,000 hectares areas. It also includes Lito- sol. Litosol covers over 16,000 hectares of steep slope areas. Its development is hampered due to the fast erosion. Yellowish red Podzolic and Lateritic soil map units occupy gentler slope areas with an elevation between 25 - 100 meters above sea level, mainly between the Meratus Hill and the coastal plain physiographic units. These units covers over 205,000 hectares of Banjar Regency. The soils in the research area especially in the dry land (up land) are very acidic, dominated by low activity clay with low Cation Exchange Capability (CEC), low basic saturation, high Al exchange capability. l'hisis due to the intensive process of the parent rock weathering and the nutrient leaching which have gone on for relatively lonej time, controlled by humid climate, high rate of hydrocarbon accumulation (2,755 mm/year), and the high number of rain; days (190 days/year), with 2-3 dry months/ year. 7hc 5oi1 in the research area especially in the dry land soil; l'toza! and yellowish red podzolic, show a very low actu.a .an. potential fertility. One of the physical cnaracter constraint of che yellowish red podzolic soil is tn.'c Ltz t.-.p is very vulnerable to erosion, especially ft it Lz left fallow. The low-land soil, the gici humic ana cjlci ni.t-.: -. AndJ alluvial arc chemically similar to the upland z_oLi, r:-xccpt that the pH is a little bit higher that =uppre=c:c tnL Al availability to below poisoning concentration. WhLathL L. poisonous to plants. Furthermore, the organic mLItccr e.,ran.rn- tration in the top soil is higher due to the accurnuLatLein ef fluvial and swamp deposits, and the slower procc_ t.C th-z organic matter destruction due to flooding. Thu ground w4tur surface is very low (less than 50 cm) in thc- e Lh, . restricts the development of the plant root=. Dr-& ;-in

iiS:- * system improvement may be able to induce to de crease the soil pH and increase the Al availability. In detail, the main constraint of the soil in the research area is as follows : the upland (convex areas), the yellowish red podzolic soil, has medium : high Al saturation which is poisonous to cultivated plants. The low-land soil, podzolic glei or greyish yellow podzolic and gleisol umbric (glei humic) have a very low ground water surface (less than 50 cm). Those constraint are the main restrictions for cultivating hard plants. The stagnant surface water (swamps) and the reductive soil is the main constraint for cultivating dry land plants in the gleisol histic soil. The soil in the research area are still potential for cultivating one season, low rooted plants, because the top soil are still contain organic matter (with medium concentration) Nitrogen, especially when white washing is done. However, a lot of chalk may be needed to increase the land productivity , due to the low pH and the high buffering capacity of the soil.

III.1.S. Land Uses

The comprehensive diagram of the land use of the areas along the transmission route from Asam-asam to the Trisakti is shown in Figure III.S. Between Asam-asam and Pelaihari, the route generally passes through tall grasses meadow, plantation, rice field, and some forests. Jorong area similar to Asam- asam, the route passes over plantations, some rice field, vllages, and some forests. Closer to Pelaihari, beside rice field and villages, the route passes through sugar cane, rubber and other plantations. Between Pelaihari and Cempaka, the route are covered by sugar cane, rubber, rice fields, other plantations, somc villages and dry field (not irrigated field). Between Ccmpa-

III - 8 ka and Trisakti the route will pas through tall grasses meadow, dry field and iron wood field areas. A lot of rice field is found in Kayubawang and Banyuhanyar area, whereas areas between Banjarmasin city and Trisakti is generally villages. Only a small part of them are tall grasscs mead- ows and dry fields.

111.2. Biotic Component

111.2.1. Flora

Based on the vegetation covering, there are 5 different kind of plant formations along the transmission route, namely cultivated plant, secondary forest, open vegetation, swamp, and mangrove forest.

a. Tanah Laut Regency The transmission network will pass through the brackiish Asam-asam river. The area is characterized by mangrovu Yruquera sp which grows along the riverbank. rTe trinzMi_- sion will also pass through the cultivated plant-s._uc1 a.. areca nut and jack fruit. In most part or JoroljcJ atd:twOr). region, this transmission will cross tall cjr.o3S zu.3i' :' Laban tall grass association, Xarang munrirhq and : They are interspaced by secondary forest (especially wnivn 2t crosses the rivers), cultivated pine, and dry iieLa. bu-:ue tall grass meadow and laban tall grass Cict ' r. Pelaihari, the transmission line will also pa_ tnrc&U9rn rubber and sugar cane plantations. The rjL-twork *.w.i i_ pass over Bat_-bati area, which partly _ t, filled with Purun, and dry field wt.ere - , cotton tree, bananas, star fruit and pine apple ..:r qr;-.

iLi - ; b. Banjar Regency Cempaka sub district is one oa sub district in Banjar regency which will be passed by the transmission network. Most of the vegetation in Sub district Cempaka is cultivated plant formations. The transmission route will also pasS through Sub district Landasan Ulin which is coverod by mosay swamp vegetation, meadow and cistern rice field. I The transmission will across Gambut and Kayu Dawan:cj towns in Sub district Gambut. Most of this region is swaml). Galam trees are very common in this area. These trees are used for fences, fire wood and pales. Before entering Cempaka sub district, the transmissiion route will pass through an open field formation dominiatedby tall grasses, interspaced by cultivated plants. tth networv will then enter cempaka Electric Relay Station. Luavi:tj Cempaka Electric Relay Station , the route crosses under- brush with sparse vegetation, dominated by tal) cjrs. Laban, Karangmunting, eme.lakaand chasew trec to Camrbrut-uJo district.

c. Municipality City Banjarmasin

Having entcred the aunicipality city I:..:.j.r::.::.. Ii.* transmission route will pass through an open !;ejC -t:e:.- tial areas, housing, yards as wellas garcear. i c Ve..:- tion is usually cultivated. In Trzakt. : : will pass through swa_py areas.

111.2.2. Terrestrial Fauna

Direct ooservation on tne field ana a r -.. some people show that the cerrestrial faura _ -e:,-; in the research area. Various faunal pockcrz art Lt .r.4 mangrove forect, while the tall grazz mcaconwAna *,c;r;, region are rarely occupied by animaLz. kvifa(un.& .-;

rrL - 1 where, various birds are even found in heavy populated areas. even though the forestry statistic record from the Office of the Forestry of South Kalimantan shows a list of more than 100 kinds of protected animals, but only few of them are seen, namely: Bekantan monkey,~ eagle, and Cucuk udang. various animals which are often seen during the field observation are listed in the following table.

Table 1114 : Types of animalt

Animal type ...... Local nae Latil namc ...... lird

1. Sritl hw Sp 2. Euprit Lonchura ap 3. LranJangan iirnfr sp I. Prmnjak Prinia sp 5. Deruk Stretooeet ap 6. Porkutut Ceacelia Sp 7. Kutitang Pynonolus Bp e. Srigunting Dircurus sp 9. AyaM Gau Sp IO.Aya. ras Caies Sp

NAHALIA

1. Anjing Canil sp 2. tucinlg !Li- Sp 3. xaming Capra sp I.. Sapi gas Sp S. 8abi butan Sue baroaru% 6. rNamn vivetrr Sp 7 TIkMs ajrruit7) so I.aaaa&aa&aaamaaL&.L5&La&AL&aa&&Sp

XZX..3. Social Economy, Social Culture, and Public lloalth Components

Ixx.3.1. Population

a. Population Dansicy The presented demography data incLudes thr c: dlciC:.i-ri data from every Sub district which are % c:crL W-y thu important impacr (due to the project) or iron ;- are crossed by the transmission network. Table 111.5 Region slze, populacion, and tho clenalty per n2

Sub diat-ict| Diteet ciza| Popullation Poapulatiosi I (km2) 1 density

P*IaLhavL 602,75 50,201 83 Bati - batl 395,50 28,163 . 71 Cempaka 188,24 16,397 87 Banjar Baru 46,40 33,826 729 Landasan 178,70 29,415 165 Ulin Cambut 129,30 24,873 192 Ketak Anyar 81,30 26,869 330 Banjar 32,55 135,320 4.289 selatan Banjar 7,89 134,007 16.984 barat

Source Sudistrict ln number in 1990

The table shows that Banjar barat sub diztrict is thic narrowest (7.92 k)m2 ) but the population is big tnzat mak:c its population density the highest (16,984 pcople/kc:... while Bati-bati sub district which is 395.50 km 2 'Wace only occupied by 28.163 people. This makes its population denzLty very low.

Table 11.6. Thep*Aafion size cas an geftr _ ., ...... _ | | A:LlIc | CiIrcF m | Skb district...... mate F~1l< j *ry Corl I

I . I . .------I------1 Petaithari | 44511;.219 1 1.t67 10.1$4 Bai-rAti I :.2C .1s 5.777 1;.7 Icmu I Z.Zn z.U I I '*.-%.-: I 8aniar Iaru I 1.566 1 tO.52 6.i r 6.-546 Lanaan Ulin .M C .LZS 5.S.13 .7%7 G amt ?7.;U 6.127 4&.76 .5 I tertakhangar 7MO J .324 7.Z239j t.Z2} |anjar setatani 37.1; | 317J5US 3|ZZ | 7L ziJar taract I .C5'2 ( U.W3 22J. l 22. 2

|T a t a t |*25 |1;.1tK '0 X.2

Source: SZaisxrictin anamr in VPK

zrz - I The table shows that the population of tho adult is bigger than children population. It means that tho numiberor working generation in the research area is big.

b. Peopla Mobility

Mobilitylpf the people is determined by the number of people come and the number people leave the particular area. The mobility of the people in the research area is shown in Table 111.7.

Table 111.7: People mobility In 1989 Subdistrict DOtang Pergi Tambah Kurang

Pelalharl 1.138 417 * 771 lati-batI 1.401 25 a 1.376 ChIrka 14 11 * 3 lanlar BaUr 981 543 43 Landsan Ulin 260 261 - I Caebut 66 99 - 33 Kertak hanyar 183 123 * 60 Ianlar gelacan 435 377 58 sanjarbarat 1.324 1.004 320 Source: Subdistrict in numberin 1990

Table 111.7 shows that the number of people that come is bigger than the people that leave. This is because some parts of certain sub district are transmigran destination, so that the population always increases.

c. Mortality and Birth Rate

The birth and mortality rates also affect the population size. The birth and mortality rates are calculated every year. The following table presents the birth and mortality rates of sub districts in the researcn- drCaa (Table 111.8).

111 - ': Table III.. Birth and ortalItyrate ...Eubuuuu.umumuaa mu.amauaamu^ Sub district Oirth zertalIty ...... Pal4lharl 346 197 iatIbactl 201 104 Cwfaks 131 22 lanjor Baru 260 100 Landasan UlIn 246 6 Gabut 1" 95 Certak hanyar 1L6 119 Bmnlar selatan 709 428 Banjarbarat 1,135 306

Source i Subdistrict In nAmber, 1990

The table shows that the birth rate is a lot higher than the mortality rate. This may be caused by two possibil- ities, first, family planning program is not success in this area, second, their health awareness is high that they are in a good health.

XI.3.2. Education and Religion a. Education

Education uaeansand infrastructure in the transmission route are as follows:

Table 111.9. Education mans ard Infrastructure in the research area in 1989. muuUael"aua=am.sua s seauea-U _ Za - U eZ wasuuuumss.sarn-autU-UB Elementary Schootl Junior Nigh School High School Sub district -..-.---.-. School I Student I School I Student ISchool I Student ...... Pelaihari 55 8 752 4 1.502 6 2*163 sati-bati 34 4.383 4 560 1 S7 Cenpoka 11 1.043 260 1 40 lanjar Baru 33 5S 85 8 2*7GI 11 3.945 LandasanUlin 11 459 2 526 1 46 Cambut 2S 2 1 Kortak hanyar 29 3 741 3 Saa 1 el ganiar selatas 19 17,799 18 4.00S 2.962 ganjar borac 112 23.497 31 11.238 26 9,926 sore u.f distrctl inS. A*r. 1 ,0 .. ... Source: Subdistrict in nbrr, 1990.

II, - 14 Table IXI.9 shows that every sub district has schools, from elementary to high school. The number of elementary schools in each sub district has met the need of the sub district, even if they are not spreid evenly. The number of Junior high schools is still too small compare to the elementary school graduates, who need to continue their study. Five of the sub districts in the research areas has only one high school each, while the others have had enough high schools. b. Religion People in the research area along the transmission route are generally Moslem, some of them are Christians and Chatolics. Only few of them are Hindus and Buddhist (Table III.10).

Table 111.10. Meens of observances of Religious Duties in the research area.

Ilanjar selatanl 27 1 2W 1 132.2501 - I - I Banjar berat 1 21 1 154 a I 125.966 I 6.452 I 1.588 I

Source: Subdistrict in nufber 1990.

SII.3.3. Public Health a. Disease Pattern The data on out patient treatment of the most common disease in South Kalimantan shows that in 1991, the three

III - 1 most common are upper larynx infection (ISPA), skin disease, and diarrhea (including suspected Cholera) respectively The Table III.11 also shows that Clinical malaria (Ma- laria klinis) is one of 10 common disease.

Table 111.11. Ton mot commondisease of out patient treatmnnt in South Kalimntan. based an the Public Health Center NewCases, In 1991.

No. Group of diseale Procentage CZ) ...... 1. Upper Larynx Infection 47.I2 2. Skin disease and sub - cutan tissuedirease 12.20 3. Diarrhea(inctuding suspected cholera) 10.62 4. Gastriculcer 8.76 S. Gum and periodental tissue disease 5.07 6. Pulpaand peripheraltissue disease 3.9J 7. Opthalmitic 3.43 8. High bloodpressure 3.18 9. clinicalmaaria 2.43 10. Tooth caries 2.35

Source : South KaliaantanPublic Health Center data report an diseaseCLUI). 1991. Data on clinical patients that is out p.tiunt truQtud in the State General Hospital (RSU) in thc enctire soutti Kalimantan Region show that the most common casc is Acute infection of upper larynx (ISPA[ , influenza, a.nd diarrne.i respectively (Table III.12).

lable 111.12.len ost cocr- aiseasa so cl1 Faltcrt trc%Amont in the State Gearal x"pai:Uls in S4:h fit imantanicjEn in OvX:I

ho. Cro4p of disease .PerCer e (CZ) ...... 1 Acwte Infection of "p:ertzar 3..S2 2. Putpa ai« peripcera.tissue 4'-

3 1 n I l u e n z a *0 17 4 Diarrhea. Crstro en:oritic 9. 7 S . "striLic.oi.Aenitc. sam other s&ct ch syIC 48.so 6. Sain diseaseuc Bu.er Cs ; kutam) tisan 7.3S 7. Eye diseaseuw vtr.er 6a.at a. otheru.pper tarwu infection 6.C1 9. Ca -r peribw.t ai esac 18. Other fever. eiin riJumbnCoc 5.02

Saurce: Nopital ret COL21). Data in Table II I.12 is similar to the di ta f ro- trien Public Health Center (Table III.11), however, maZlaria Lz not in it. The fever which are not known their cause may ba suspected, diagnosed as malaria. The examination result on malaria to transmigrans in, some transitoes in South Kalimantan in 1991-1992 shows tlhaL some transmigrans were contracted malari,aat their original place before they came to South Kalimantin. It proves that malaria is carried by transmigrans to South Kalimantan.

Table 111.13. Examination reault on malaria in South X-limantan tranit.s in 1991-1992.

Arrive at Area of Population | Examined SpocIv5 No. ______- Transito origln K. JLwa Dip. Pas I1' I'f I[V I'M L A - _ -______------______-- __ ___ 1 4 Junl 1991 JatLm/ 69 235 141 2 1,4 1 1 _ _ Jabar 2 15 Juni 1991 Jabar 30 113 102 - 0 - - _ _ 3 BJull 1991 IITB 72 261 82 2 2,4 1 1 _ 4 13 Des. 1991 Jateng 13 S1 24 - 0 - - (- - 5 12 Jan 1992 JaLeng 15 45 45 1 2.2 - I1

6 21 Jan 1992 Jateng 38 162 121 2 0, - _ 7 20 Peb 1992 Jateng 34 121 111 - 0 - - 8 15 Jan 1992 HTB so 187 105 1 0.s 1 _ _ 9 18 Jan 1992 Ja.Lm 26 77 70 _ 0 - - _ _ I 10 12 Jan 1992 Jabar 89 205 112 1 0,t - : 11 18 Jan 1992 JatLm 22 15 116 O _ _ 12 21 Jan 1992 Jaceng 49 191 163 2 '2 1 2 13 29 Jan 1992 Janeng 22 as 7' - _- t 14 12 Hart 1992 Jabar/ 146 S57 131 2 L.5%- 2 - I - t [ J e~iaeng/

15 21 Jan 1952 Jabar 2 9 9 - ° - I- I- I - 16 25 Jan 1992 Jabar 92 340 235 s | :; j; t . 17 12 Jan 1952 Jatiz 43 1'25 L2 _ _ , 18 21 Jan 1992 JarOng 24 9S 74 - 0 | - I-I-I 19 29 Mei 1991 Jabar 35 160 a0 - a - t - 20 14 Juni 1991 DZI/ 61 264 161 - 0 _ _ 1_ _ Jabar 21 18 Juni 1991 Jatia 68 321 13i - 0 22 14 Juli 1951 DY. 21 72 £7 _ _ Il I _ 23 14 Des. 1991 Jateng 11.4 342 53 - 1_ _ _ 24 13 Jan 1952 Jaci/ 39 N0 67 - | I I 3 anenq/I I Jabac II

I rotal IzIlO 14321 1241b III IG 17 t - It *,~~~~~~~~~~~~------. _.__...... a______,___

SourcQ: South kal1iantan Health S&:vCOc 992 The number of people suffering from diarrhea is very high in Tanah Laut Regency. They are 3451, two of them died (Table 111.14.). Even though the fatality,rate is relatively low, we still need to concern about the XLB diarrhea, since it may be related to environ mental hygieniety and sanita- I tion in South Kalimantan.

Table ZXI.14. Diagrhea suffeers (cincludlngdiarrhea KL3). Based on the P40 reported South Kalimantan Province ln 1991.

Popu- Dlarrhea Sufferer No Regency lation -__ CFRr I R Suffererf Died

I Banjarmasin 492082 19995 5 0,03 4,06 2 Banjar 4533514 8413 a 0,10 1,86 3 Tanah Laut 190880 3451 2 0,06 1,81

I Jumlah 11136313| 318.591| I 0,19 | 7,73

Source: South Kalimantan Health Service, 1992

a - sufferers d - died CFR - Case FatalityRate IR * IncidentRate

Even though a specimen test did not show a positive result, two people contracted Dengue Hemmor hagic Fever (Table IIT.15). In Banjar and Banjarmasin Regency, however, the number of Dengue Hemmorhagic Fever sufferers i: very high, it is 53 and 82 respectively.Those numbers are higher than in Tanah Laut, Tapin and Tabalong regancies.

;:- :.4 Table !.21S. Number of Dengue Hemmorhagic Favor sufferers

C.F.R. DHF HAI TEST DAERAH TERJANOKIT No Regency S D s ------SPC POS Subdistrict Town ____ ------

1. BanjarmasLn 82 0 0 38 23 4 32 2. B a n j a r 53 1 1,96 42 17 4 14 3. a t o I a 37 1 2,70 - - 5 8 4. H.S. Selatan 27 0 0 27 17 6 11 S. H.S. Tengh 8 O 0 1 0 4 6 6. H.S. Utara 4 0 0 4 1 2 4 7. Xotabaru ------8. Tanah Laut 2 0 0 2 0 1 2 9. Tapin 1 0 0 1 1 1 1 10. Tabalong 2 0 0 2 0 1 1

mimmm.unEummin..m.i.m.m...... m... "".u.a.mum *bu**mf.au Z.."" Source SeckaLP2 Arbovirus, South KalLmantan Health Survicu, 1992 Notes : S a Sufferers D a Died I. S Procentagu

It appears that from the whole DHF cases in South Kalimantan, only two people died, one is in Banjar Regency and the other is in Batola Regency.

b. Traffic accident

Traffic accident (both air and surface traffic) in Sub district Landasan Ulin increases both quantitatively and qualitatively from one year to the next year (Table III.16)

Table 111.16. Ite rauacr of &.rI.ac aud air traffic acciaGis In S%oaistric% Lanzuwunutin. lrce MI':- IVr. I. ma.aaaaa..aAaaaJaaaauaaaJaaaaaa.L5da.a..... m aaA...... lean hwzer of Died sea&ityLigltry leAra.g Acc;ame injurel injured er ...... 198S 59 9 IS 3S S 1cea a 7 1.S 42 1987 71 3 IC 53 6 191. 77 1 1 Sl 6

1989 U2 16 2S 46 7 1990 89 21 6 S2 7

rce c Ee-AI IaiZrca3IPaaaJhSiceJector.IIJa I Saiaee s bla ajaror.an. oie S.cCor* 17,2.

'! -!'J Table III.17 and Table 111.18. depict water/river traffic accidents and land traffic accidents respectively. Table III.17. Data on the river/water traffic accLdencte fromJorong PolLce Sector R l v a r / w a t e r t r a f f l c a Number of V L cat m Number No fear accident ------of MD |LO Ln IVLolation

1. 1987 _- _

2. 1988 _ _ _

3. 1989 1 1 _ _ 1

4. 1990-- - - -

S. I1991-- - - -

ITotal I 1 1|-I-| 1 .u-m mumu. uu...... m...... Source Jorong Police Sector, 1992

Tabel 111.18 : Data oinviolations from Jorong Police Scctor

L a n d / G r o u n d T r a f f L c Number of V i c tm No Year vLolation … ------…-Total 14DI LB I LR Violation

1. i9B7 - - - -

2. 1988 3 _ 3 _ 3

3. 1989 1 _- _

4. 2950 3 2 _ .

5. 1991 o 3 2 1 6

jTora. 1 13 6 C. 2 1 3

Source .JorongPolice Secto:. 1992 Note HD a Deatn, L a Sev'ere ij..ry, LA a H.:.. nj_r

Those tab3ls also show that work di- cipiir.% z : : regulations are not being reinforcec ar.o thusttno_e 3cc-10- ents may also happen in any other place in tT.C areia w:aA:. will be passed by transmission route. Onts may also happen in any other place in the areas which will be passed by transmission route. The health service in sub districts located along the transmission route is presented in the following table.

Table111.19. The avallabilityof Healthservice In the subdistricts along the tranmission route m|-agamamuumuamummumumammammuuuu.,umumm_uaaumauau.muuuuauumaummmummuumu |NOaRegency |Subdistrictl AS lPkmlPP I *PIOKIAIKKNIPydlPKII DS I 1-1 ...... 1 I I mlanjr J 1 161 4 1 31 619160 1 - -I I I SelatanI I I I I I I I I I 11.1anJarrmsin ..-...... I banJor 1 3 1 2 1 6 1 2 1 - I S 162 II Ilarat I I I I I I I I II I I IIJoro2 6 I 2 1 - - I I J1… l l l l l I I 1 1 ~~~-.------| I |IPelaHaril 1 12 114 | 10 I 8 22 1541- | -| I2.1 TanahLaut I I I I I I I I I I I

II I i I I- I1 1 7 1 I I1 124 I

I I I Cuapaka I - I I 1 2 1 -I - 1 3 1271 41 - I I I I II I lI I I I

II lI lanharberul 11 3 1 1 1 -I - I - I - I - I I I I I II I lI I I I ] I ~~~~I-'------*------.... I I |I| LandasanI I I I I I IS |I 3 I120 | - I- 13.10 nJar I Ulin I I I I I II I I ! I I I I I I I I- -t -1-111-- 311- -!-1221 - - 'I II I I I I I I I I1 1 I I l 1~~------1 Kertak I 1-I -11 11 I-' II~ ~ HIfnyar| |I I I II I I

Source: Subdistrictin nuWborin 1939/1991 Ex3otnttcn : RS - RumabSakit C Pkh a Puskesmas PP * PuskesmasPerbantu EP * 8alal Pengabatan UKlA *aalal KesehatanIbu danAnak KM a KelempokKetuarga Ierencona Pyd a Posyandu PIM a Paz leluargaBerenrona OS * Dokter Suasta

III - 21 The health service facilities in South Kalimantan.vary with regards to their function, the region, the purpose and objectives. They are very different from one regency to another. The medical and paramedic personnel in the research area along the transmission route are pre sented in table 111.20.

Table 111.20. Nrabor@i medicatand paramedicalpersonml In the sub districtsaLong the transmissienroute mu^agahamuuaauaaauuaaaaaaagaa^ZZ asasazaaaamaZagaaamuuamu.aaaa^a.a asam.aa lmol Regency IsubdistrlctlmD.1HUI N IDT11jW lIHVIPOwPlatiOn I I I I I I I I I ItI ------I------I..I.... I Ilanjar- 125 58 174 I 1 - 153 II Isetatan I I I I I I I 11.1ganjaraosin I...-...... -... .. 1 10.876 I 1 I JBn;Mr 138 34 | - I- 6 1-I I

F1 ------I------v------...... I.....r ...... > I I IaJorng I Z I - II I I I . I I 1 I-.I. . IJ-r--h----...... -I-I-- --- 1II. Petal Maril ? 1 3 I - 1 3 1 96 1 - 1 2.7LS 12.1 Tanah Laut I...... -.-.----.. I I I I Bati-Sat 2 1 - I 1I 7 I I II...... I...... 1--1----I I ------~~~~I C-cmka------I -I -I -I -*I- I I IaI I a rtaru|l I ' I I I tarrullIZI-21| 1°O- 'a IIll l I ~~...... Iaatar ...... II I .I I I I I IjLMrcaS JIJ bjI-J .12 3I SCI.?$4 13.1 Baniar I ulin I I I I I I I I

II nanar I II I Iz_I I ...... Saurce : Swdistricts in rnamer.1989e19S0 reteraan W Q *a dical dc:r a* bwrse UT * Dentist TWA a Traditicnataid eite The table shows that the medical and parazedica2 personnel in sub districts passed by the transmic ion route appear to be different, they vary from one sur aistrict to another.

IEI - 22 CHAPTER IV ESTIATXION AND EVALUATXON OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT

IV.31.Environmental Impact Identification

An impact identification flow chart (see appendix 1) can be drawn based on the interaction between the project activities and the environment. This area includes a 50 meter distance to the right and left of the route.

The estimation and evaluation on the important expected impacts can be seen in Appendix 2.

IV.2. Impact Estimation and Evaluation

IV.2.1. The Environment impact to the Project

IV.2.1.a. Physical

Some of the areas along the transmission route, such as in Asam-asam and Sub district Gambut - Banjarmasin, are composed of swamps. This makes the tower foundation construction and cable stringing difficult. The municipality city Banjarmasin, from T 100 to Tri- sakti Relay Station, is mainly a residential area with a relatively dense population. This will likely cause problems in the land acquittal. There will be two towers located in this area.

V.2.1.b. social - Economy

The dense populated area (Municipality city Banjarma-

IV - 1 sin) does not seem to support the transmission route. The swamp areas along the transmission route may provide breeding places for mosquitoes, which can endanger the project workers.

IV.2.2. The Impact for the Project to the Environment

IV.2.2.1. Pro Construction

IV.2.2.l.l. Field Survey

Field surveys show that outside the municipality city Banjarmasin, Relay Station Asam-asam does not cause any negative impact, because people seem to be able to accept the project. Social unrest is likely to occur in a highly populated area such as municipality city Banjarmasin. The residents are concerned that the compensation for the land and buildings may be lower than what was determined by the Government. This will cause large negative impacts.

IV.2.2.1.2. Information

Information about the construction plan is planned to be given to the people living in the project and surrounding areas before the land acquittal. This should be done in a such way to make sure that they understand that the transmission line is technically safe, that only the land which is needed for the tower locations is acquitted, and that the owners of the land will be getting compensation. They also need to know that the compensation will be given fairly, according to the prevailing regulations. This information is expected to help people understand more about the project, which should also reduce the social

IV - 2 unrest. Information sure will give a long term, very important, positive impact to the project.

IV.2.2.1.3. Land Acquittal of the Location of the Tower Site

a. society perception

The Minister of Mining and Energy Regulation no. 1 P/MPE/1992, explains that the land to be acquitted and to be compensated for is an area where the towers are located. It can include houses and buildings, with the width of 29.5 x 29.5 m2 to 33.5 x 33.5 m2, depending on the tower type. There will be 368 towers (225 of Aa type, 16 of Bb type, 7 of Cc type, and 8 of Dd type) built along the transmission line from Asam asam Power Station to Relay Station Cempaka. 112 towers which consist of 100 Aa type, 7 Bb type, 2 Cc type, and 3 Dd type will be constructed along the transmission line from Relay Station Cempaka to Relay Station Trisakti. There are 6 houses standing on the land where three towers are to be located (Table IV. 1). The acquittal will cause negative impacts if the given compensation is lower than the local standard price.

Table IV.1. List of the plamed towerswhich are locatedin the people'shouses.

Tower Loected in the land type Explanation I villag, of the site

T 107 TeLuk biru house aNd lots Locatedcexctly In the kitchenof r. Sutom. The hous meet frem ironwood. T 110 Pelatua n fourhouses and Locatedin the 4 a grocery store r - le of a dense ly poputated oMI

Source Field observation

IV- 3 b. Social Unrest

The land acquittal activities will cause social unrest among the people living in the project and surrounding areas, especially if the people do not understand the that the transmission line is not dangerous. The land to bz acquitted is only the land where the towers will be located, and it is relatively small. This may cause important negative impacts.

IV.2.2.2. Construction

IV. 2. 2. 2. 1. Worker Mobility

a. Job opportunity

This project will need 179 workers, 120 of them unskilled laborers. This will provide job opportunities for the people in the project area. This also means a decrease in unemployment. This positive impact may not be important since the project will be done within a very short time.

b. Income

Those job opportunities will increase people's income. This positive impact may not be very significant, since the project will only be done in a very short time.

IV.2.2.2.2. Equipment and Material Xobility a. Road and transportation means Heavy equipment and material mobilization will dciamac roads, especially the small town roads. Patch roads need to

Iv -; be built since there are no roads to the tower sites. The land is generally not productive, therefore the negative impact will be small.

b. Traffic

The activities in mobilizing the equipment and materials for the project will certainly damage the roads and disturb the traffic, especially in Banjarmasin. This will cause negative impacts, but since these activities will only occur in a very short time, the impacts may not be significant.

IV. 2.2.2.3. Tower erection a. Land use The total land that needs to be acquitted for the tower sites consists of: - 0.14 hectares of residential areas - 8.28 hectares of rice field - 3.58 hectares of plantation - 0.28 hectares of dry field - 15.3 hectares of bushes and scrubs - 4.0 hectares of tall grass meadow - 0.57 hectares of swamps.

The complete data on the land use in the project area can be seen in Table Iv.l Those lands will have different usage and will Affect the people in those areas wihen the project is co=pleted* However, since the land which will be occupied by the tcwers is relatively narrow, and only along the trans_iusion line, the negative impacts may not be significant.

_- RocapitQlatS.on of "umber, type of tower,, total arxea of acqaisited land I &bje M.2.. I or tower site aind land use alogtamiuih ie Z oe plant 3aire mnouth Alsam-.Asam-- Cempaka -'-Trisakti Subatation, Sanjaxmasin

A -1,. Nuimberand type of 1owOrs 1 Laniduses &ad Ietal. arcia of uocqulsitedlamd'- 2 1 R,egenCIBs!Sub V.ititaes 9 r i 2 " Z5 a district' :. SetIgie ?dd

... :d ~~~~S3 S * S IS . .Iha 0- ha..I I.

9 t 2 .* 5 I V . 1.9 haC '

I iJ.gS I5 * .33.8IOEM 0.5..

HW..9 2A2.V 918 21 21 ~~~~~~~~~~- - - 2-SI1bhaI.: 0.53.ha -

* 8 :jiiat..~~ IS SI - - : : s S a - S- IVWO.Pa1o I : -

.L.i.hi)iIi 3 a 2 S S - I 31. Us .?1 hg,dj.wal 2: - 1~~ S - -. 0, ha 0b: .h I U~~%*pe-9: - 1~ ~I I 0. a I S S S S: - . I ha Sa

I S S I S*

* : * I ha 1 : ha 8 * S *I1%.ftSVSSPIpol AS. 2- 3 2 -hp9-S

--- S a- I %.O% IS- : . -, - D haI .S. M -.

Dk'4JM L&--d#a~Af S I S I

* S C~~~~~S

81 1 .~~~~~~~~~4 I I S. ha I OC V

* U C S I I . S UI

PASIM II?.4&: - 8 -8ha : .gb: a*S .: 1:

* S IC ~~~ S0 ~ ha ~~U ~ ~~I C

I ------~~~~~~~~~~~ :e-i... Area 2 2 It: : - P: L%.2 * ; : ia.~~~~-8 i..* - :FM 1~~~~a~~~: ii 2 1 : : 3 8.22.8 a - - m : sTP,.-~~~~.0 b. Flora There are only a few types and populations of plants covering the land that will be used for the transmission network. Rare plants are not found. The negative impacts due to the loss of those plants is not si§nificant.

C. Fauna The loss of the vegetation covering caused by the project activities will.

IV.2.2.2.4. Instolation Transmision

a. Land This activity Istelation Transmision will damages plants and people's land, therefore this will make negative impacts. However the duration of this activity is take short time relatively to finish the activity at each tower and the problem my be solved by give conpensation for the damages plants. The impact may not very significant. b. Traffic This activity will disturb the traffic activity especially in down town (Kota Madya Bnjarmasin). But due to this activity is take short time the impact will be very s=al!1.

IV.2.2.3. Pasca Construction

IV.2.2.3.1. Electric Energy Transmission a. Society Restness Generally, the impact of transmission line to environr- ment in the pasca-construction is not so important princip- ally. However, because the durarion of electricity power

IV - 7 distribution takes along time, and people's perception on magnetic area and electricity are quite low, therefore there is a need to give an alectricity extension, especially in the crowded area to slow down society restness. technically, electricity power distreibutionusing SUTT 150 KV transmission from PLTU Mine Mouth to Cempaka Substa- tion until Trisakti Substation will give some impacts as follow :

1). There will be a corona symptomp along the SUTT 150 KV transmission line, and it will cause

- Radio Interference or RI - Television Interference or TVI

- Audible Noise or AN

2). Electrostatic Induction along the transmission line.

Below, there is an illustration about Corona Effect that needs to bear in mind

Corona Effect When SUTT 150 XV transmission line is working, then in that line will be appear a corona effect because of ioniza- tion on the air. Corona looks like a violet light around the wire with a hissing voice and its smell is like an ozon. Corona can make some effects as below:

(1.1) Radio Interference (RI)

RI will affect areas along transmission line, mainly to radio AM receiver. Based on transmission configuration, then the result of RI calculation to SUTT 150 KV transmission that will be built is shown in the table below:

IV - 8 i I

! I ., S TaSble rv.2.RI at the m1ddle of:suTT lS0 Kv TranxmLmson Llno

Distance of. RI (db) I RadioII Antenna I - : I from ; I I tranumission Good Wheather f Bad Wheather (Raln) line I I I

5 50.9623 I 67.9623 - Ii 10 41.331 58.331 s15 3S.6972 52.6972

I~ ~~ I _ |-. RIthreshold in 20 metres from transmission line: - European Countries in.average 46 db - USA, and Canada in average 54 db

; rTherefore,in the bad wheather where the receiver -antenna:withdistance 5 to10 metres from transmission line, it williget a trouble, mainly AM receiver radio. * I . I

(1.2.) Television Interference (TVI) * ; I Along SUTT 150 KV transmission line, TV*I can be calculated.and presented in the table below:

Table IV.3. TVI At the Middle of SUTT 150 KV Transmission

Line I _ I ~~~~~~~~~. IDistanel 1*1 Dstnce| |RI (db)

* x i~ lsv1;~~ ;!-' 'OTV i IIV 9

* I; S Antonna Good Wh-ather ' Bad Wheather (Rain) I Ifrom I I |Trans. If-30MHZI f-300!MiZ I fn3O MHZ I fa300 MHZ llins(m) I I I I l I I I I . I I I | 5 334.45 1 14.45 51.45 31.45 10 27.67 0.06 44.67 17.06 15; 12.35 7.65 I 29.35 I 9.35

TVI threshold in 20 metres distance from transmission line is the same as RI in point one above. therefore the television receiver radio under SUTT' 150 XV transmission line with 16 metres clearance will have no trouble both in a good wheather and in a bad wheather.

(1.3). Audible Noise (AN)!

AN in the transmission line is happened due to the spreading of corona, and it can be calculated and presented in the table below:

Table IV.4. Audible Noise at the Middle of SUTT 150 KV Transmission Line iDistance frum I AN (db) l |Transmission I ILine (m) Good Wheather Bad Wheather (Rain) I At Noon | At Night

5 l 40.97 1 50.97 10 1 38.81 48.81 15 1 34.27

IV, - 1 Based on Perry Criteria from Bonneville Power admihis- tration (BPA) that AN threshold is less than 52.5 db. There- fore, AN in the SUTT 150 KV transmission line with 16 metre clearance will have no impact at all.

(2). Electrosta;tic Induction Effect

Electrostatic Induction Effect of high voltage transmission line is caused by its high voltage and its electro- magnetic power inside the line. Electrostatic induction can be calculated and presented in table below:

Table IV.5. Electrostatic Induction Effects

| Distance from Electrostatic Induction | Transmission J (Kv/metre) I |Line (m)

I 5 5.28 10 I 2.64 t 15 1.76

American's BPA decisioned its threshold as follow: a.Human 9 KY/m b.Animals 30 KV/n c.Plants 20 Xv/m

Therefore, electrostatic induction under SUTT 150 KV

IV - 11 transmission line with minimum clearance 16 metre will still be safed for human life. However, its social impact to human is quite great, because generally people do not want cultivate their land which lay right under transmission line. If the transmission line is quite low, then the impact will ba quito important. People who live right under transmission line will feel unhappy, because they think that may be they can get some dangerous because of that transmission line, eventhough according to the table above there,will be no impact at all. Therefore, society restness is very important, mainly in the crowded population, for example in the Banjarmasin City Centre. Because the number of housings that passed by transmission line are small relatively compare to the whole population, therefore the impact is important enough.

b. Income This transmission of the electric energy will increase the energy in subdistrict VI and will be used widely by a lot of people. This effect will be act for a long timc during the operation time of the Power Station (around 30 years), so that the impact is important.

IV. 2.3. The Impact Handling a. Social unrest Social unrest due to the activities oi iuldci urvvy, land acquittal, and the electricity transmitting can rz decrease by giving intensive and efficient information to the people living in the project area. It will be better if the information is given a- early as possible, by formaly inviting the people to come to tza village meeting hall to listen to given inforaratior,ot by informally visiting them in their houses, especialzly In the transmission route. Heeded to be explained during the inforration that trne

1'I - 1 land to be acquitted is only the land where the towers are located. This is based on the Regulation of the Minister of Mining and Energy No. 1 P/47/MPE/1922. It is also oxpoctod that the compensation is big enough to buy land or buildings in other place similar the ones their owned (based on the Regulation of the Minister of Internal Affair No. 15, in the year of 1975). The society need to be informed that the high voltage transmission line will not disturb lifes under or around it. They need to understand that their lives will still be safe.

b. Worker problem It is suggested that the the project will employed local people to do its activities, especially for unskilled labor. c. Traffic jam Traffic jam will likely to occur because the project activities (i.e. equipment and material -mobility, tower erection, and stringing). Previous traffic arrangements is needed to avoid this situation.

IV - 13 CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The study have shown that the projebt will not cause any important (serous) impact into the environment. The recomendation, there fore, is a study of environment impact assessment is not necessarity to be done. CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

The study liaveshown that the project will not cause any important (serous) impact into the environment. The recomendation, there fore, is a study of environment impact assessment is not necessarity to be done.

v- 1 REFFERENCES

01. Anonim, 1990. Data statistik kehutanan Propinsi Kaliman- tan.

02. Anonim, 1992. Laporan akhir Studi Analisis Dampak Ling- kungan Rencana Pembangunan PLTU Banjarmasin.

03. APHA, 1975. Standart methods fer the examination of water and waste water, Fourth Edition, APHA, IWWA, Washington . D.C.

04. Arutmin Indonesia, PT., 1991. West Asam Asam Drilling and Resource. Volume 1

05. Arsyad. A., 1979. Konservasi tanah, Jurusan Tanah, Fa- kultas Pertanian. Institut Pertanian Bogor.

06. Berkati, J.F., 1990. Analisis Assosiasi dan Distribusi Vegetasi tingkat Permudaan pada Hutan Primer di PT. l1u tan Kintap, Pleihari, Kalimantan Selatan. Thesis Si p. da Fakultas Xenutanan Universitas Lambung Mangkura, Banjarbaru

07. Cok, George, W., 1972. Laboratory Manual of Coneral Eco logy, WHC, Brown Company Publishing, Dabuque. Iowa.

08. Davis, K.P., 19a9.'Forest Fire : Contra and U-c. Mc Cr.w Hill, New York.

09. FSA de Clergo and Grefhoff, 1972. iIiew Plankur.aiy s back voor Fled.rlandsch Indie, J.H. de Bu:say, Amsterdam.

10. Hardjowigeno, S., 1986. I1lu Tanah. Juru_in T-.nat',F.zl tas Pertanian, Institut Pereanian Bogor. 11. Propinsi Daerah Tingkat I Kalimantan Selatan 1990. Ka- limantan Selatan Dalam Angka

12. Xabupaten Daerah Tingkat II Tanah Laut, 1988 - 1990. Ta- nah Laut Dalam Angka.

13. Kabupaten Dasrah Tingkat II Banjar, 1988 - 1990. Oanj.r Dalam Angka.

14. Kotamadya Daerah Tingkat II Banjarmasin, 1988 - 1990. Banjarmasin DalamuAngka

15. Kotamadya Administratif Banjarbaru, 1988 - 1990. Lanjar- baru Dalam Angka

15. Keputusan Menteri Negara Kependudukan dan Lingkungan lii- dup Nomor Kep-02/MENKLH/I/1988tentang Pedoman Bak.u Mutu Lingkungan, Sekretariat Menteri Negara K L H Ja- karta.

16. Klein, L., 1959. River Pollution Chenical An;l1ywis. Butterworth, London.

17. Mc Neely, R.N., V.P. Neilmaris and L. Dawyer, 1979. Qua- lity source Boo):, A Guide to water Quality Paracmeer , In Land Water Directorate, Water Quality Er.nch Ottawa, Canada.

18. NTAC. Water Quaiity Criteria, Federal Water J'ol2utic.r. Control Administration, Washington, D.C.

19. Odim, E.P., 1975. Ecology : The Link between the II.Atural and Social Scier.ce. Holt, Rinehart and winzton, t1ew Yori:

20. Peraturan Pemerirtah RI 11o.29 tahun 1986 tentairo J1 J1L. Kantor Menteri l.egaraKependudukan dan Lingkun9anl irul, Jakarta. Tahun 1986. 31. Warnee, P.O., 1976. Analisis of Air Pollutants. John- Wiley & Son. Now York, London, Sydey, Taronto.

32. UNESCO - WHO, l978. Water Quality Surveys. A Guide for the collection and interpretation of water Quality Data, UNESCU WHO, United Kingdom.

33. WHO, 1984. Guidelines For Drinking Water Quality, vol. 1 Recommendatiots, Geneva.

34. Whitmore, T.C., 1975. Tropical rain forest of the Far Cast. Clarendon Press, Oxford

35. Undang Undang Republik Indonesia No. 4 tahun 1982. Tentang Ketentuan - Ketentuan Pokok Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup. Kantor Menteri Negara Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkung- an Hidup. Jakarta. Tahun 1982.

36. Van Steenis, C.G.S.J. et al, 1987, Flora untuk sekolah di Indonesia, Pradnya Paramita, Jakarta. r-ioIHlkit)SVIh3' ~Ik; IWJ I !14;IJ, %Ie~~ IW .. 'i

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Legend: Cross sectlon of free space of The High Transmission . 166/150 KV at the central gate (the tower is heightened).

2. c = minimum free distance __......

_ _B Matteiti

ra smr STUDY M4INEMOUTII I-NJARMASIN - rn* KA INA

OOUBLECIRCUIT TOWERn ; * n pratama yidya _.- I I- ' CAC"=2 Du 3 .FOR SO1 TYPE Aa TOWEIR

--… DESIGN CONDITION

7-D x :VOLTAGE 150 kv :NUMBEROF CIRCUIT 2 cct _ .:LOADING SPAN 350 mtr

:HORIZONTALANGLE 3 : _\:C : KIND & SIZE ACSR 240/40 sqmm: .P 0 . SECTIONAREA 282.5 sqmm: x :~~~~0N: .:WE DIAMETER 21.9 mm :E U: t\ P.fC WEIGHT 9B7 I:g/m: 0: I.AX.TENSION :-R-:------t__\v . : : 'lIND SIZE GSW 55 mm-

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- II'MAX.TENSION _ K! I : STRING TYPE SUSPENSION. I1 L :N A DIMENSION 254 mm: :9 T :U 0 : NUMBER II unit x 2 STRING

Iz1£DVhTl* taTW- iast. praam uDuagx Iidya flItIMw YIlt-t .,Uj_wuIm

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. . a ,-rFM ,-______.__-- i FOR C50 KYV TYPE Bb TOWlER

s*t DESIGN CONDITION

:VOLTAGE 150 lv : ------:NUMBEROF CIRCUIT 2 CCL : :LOADINGSPAN 350 mtr / A C \ i~~HORIZONTAL ANGLEo°

_i . i_ KIND &iSIZE ACSR 240/40 sqmm: : C ------:P 0 SECTIONAREA * 282.5 sqmm: . " c _ " ~~~~ON11------: W D i DIAMETER 21.9 mm :E U :-----…------1yiR C C: WEIGHT_ " : 1937 I:g/m: T ------…------. f i MAX-TENSlON: _ t v _ b _ * _R______------;----- KIND SIZE GSU 55 mm' : G ------:R ' i SECTIONAPEA 55 mm- : .1/ :U R : DIA1ETER .1 1 i-:~~~1N E -- - ~------~~~~~ :D : WEIGHT * ; I Y . : ~~~~~~~~~~~------I 1..f .X: .TENSION STRING TYPE SUSPEtlSIO , :IL ------…------: PA DIMlEN4SION :54 ma I \ / I ~:S T------: :U-O NUMBER 11 unit x :'STRING I I } \ I : ~~~R------: 9 L.~~~~~~~~~~~~~- -s------I~~~~~~~~WIH

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a.. - j~ Mrn-Ipraltam ,idya

.~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ae FOR 150 KV TYPE Cc TOWER

_ -I~.' Sv# S I-. S------

- _7WI-. : * DESIGN CONDITION

:VOLTAGE 150 l:v . ------… ------:NUMBhROF CIRCUIT 2 CCt: _LOADINGSPAN 350 mtr : :HORIZONTALANGLE 0 : ~t & S__ , : ______------KIND & SIZE ACSR 240/40 sqmm: -i~2 . w s * ~~~~C:------: :P : SECTION APEA 282.5 sqm.: I , \ / ' *O~~~:N * ----- ~------: :W D i DIAMETER 21.9 mm: :E U ------,.R C iWREIGHT. oJz .f 987 kg/rn . ,nt * T *------T------., dco 0bO MIAX.TENSION - R-:-- …------: KIND SIZE GSW 55 mm : ./ t:*G :------…------^- :R W: SECTION AREA 55 m- : :U R : DIAZETER: .N E : - f ID : UEIGHT 'nAX.TENSION IiSTRING :b' I TYPE SUSPENS11ON :1 L :N A : DIMENSION 2.s : :U 0 :NUml3ER 11 unit x STRI IG R ------WEIGHT

'WJ V9alMtE-aa' * \ PUMuAaLi elgoUAhm.& bgzdALA

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: , DESIGN: CONDITION

aVOLTAGE 150 kv

. -". _ I t .NUMBEROF CIRCUIT 2 CC*. .LOADINGSPAN 350 mtr :HORIZONTALANGLE 60 0° KIND & SIZE ACSR240/40 sqmm: * || i~~~~~POi SECTION AREA 292.5 sqmm: :0 14 ------…------.g:| DIAIMETER 21.9 mm :E U:------:R c . WEIGHT '87 1:9/rn 0 MAX.TENSION I:KSND SIZE GSU 55 mm- :G6 ------; - 4-: :R. | SECTIONAREA 5 mm- :0 I -: ------… ------:U R DIAMETER :N E :-:------:D WWEIGHT . |. | . ' H4~~~~~MX.TENSION_ …------~-- …------STRING TYPE SUSPEIJSI oTl

:U,Ua NLU'BER I unit r 2 STFIX3:

-* * : WEIGHT

UA14*ALAZ - !OIflu XALWAMAI;

TY_ Dd -joa~~~~~~~-TIci

. O~~~~~~~~m-praLaii-na w

Hlnimum vidth of the land to be acquisited

I41 Vldth - 256 m

STRAIGHT TOWER

4" ~~~~~~~~igdth=400 m2

.. .BENDED TOWER

ABMD : Concrete pole 1D x la cm T : Concrete pole 15 x 15 c. PI P2 : Patok beton la x 10 em

Ir- ~ ~ ~ aumwla u z w UM wumcumI on" ua g i at _~~J Pau= M= SIW4&n= DMlII ANIC SiTE STUDY UINE UOUTII BAHJARMASItN- SOUTH ICJUANTAN

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_ ,. I - - . _____,______Thumb nfII

,___._.___ , . Carved letter 4. 7X;Brlght__ v * red pmlnt.

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.0' 1_1' CONICRETErOLE I | 1 IAT SVAHPSITES

POINT POLEM OF TOWJ3R T/L 150 KV AT P.G_ PErLAIHARI SUGAR CANE: PLANTwAwXOr' 5ITE:

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___~~~~~~~~ __ - * 1 '

f~~- E, - - I/

A A Sectlon

IW,

Legend : Cross section of free space of Hlgh Voltage 66/150 :the tover. KV 2 C : Inlamum free distance. r usuz POANW. ai 4 J PJ JIM*WImombam UIMd isum& LOMn IK wSIUHSANCAUaug SITfESTUDY LONE )lOUTII *BAJARMASIN- SOLMI XAUlANTAN

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_ - 1In 11.Uj . 6 ,Tp View - -

''~~~~~~~~.ve

-1 ~~~~~* I

B -B section'

60~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

.,__* * - I-. . -.

.- ONAII<-1b - b n7nB Crosssectlon of free space of The High Transmission -.-166/150. KV at the central6A gate (the towerOOUBW Is heightened)-CI T *yq I~% ~ ~~~~--Fi 1_ 2. C - mlnimum.... free distance. :- |wauonrw-"-rhm iy ro WA A .U

. -- sm STUDY MINE UOUIIl FOR 150 KV TYPE Aa TOWER I

DESIGN CONDITION

* d4-"Md"TAGE ^ '7.°° lEO kv: .NUMBBEROF CIRCUIT cst. :LOADINGSPAN 330 mtr : :HORIZONTALANGLE 30:

\} KIND & SIZE ACSR 240/40 sqm. I * C - :C:~______q. io - -It25 :lP 0 ; SECTIONAREA 282.5 sqmm: :0 N :J D: DIAZIETER 21.9 mm :R_E CU I - WEIGHT 9871:9Im: T ; MAX.TENSION - R-: ' KIND SIZE S5mm: acoo R :SECTION AREA 55 mm: * J-t_ :0 1 :oo :U RE DIAMETER :N E : :D : WEIGHT I :MAX.TUi YENION: 1 / \ ~~~~~~~~~*-0 _ .: K :+ STRINGTYPE SUSPENSION. S1 ~~~1L __ *1 - } ' - ;:N A: DIMENSION 254 _si :S T - :U 0: NUMBER 11 unit x 2 STRING : R I: ^ : lJEIGHT

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'Iw7

L 2 E SV > Ng>ESGN CONDIT ION _

:VOLTAGE 150 Lv :NUMBEROF CIRCUIT 2 cCt * :LOADING SPAN 350 mtr : :HORJZONTALANGLE 20 0: _ _:.__. KIND a SIZE ACSR 240/40 sqa.: C :-- -- *i :P O * SECTION APEA 282.5 sqarn: :0 N ----- …-- … ,_ D * DIAMIETER 21.9 -m

E T------… 0 MAX.TENSION _. _ .KIND. SIZE GSUS5 :

K | .N:UR . DIAMETER - a~~~~~~~~~~~~N E: :D WUEIGHT i\/__ MAX.TENSION STPINGTYPE SIJSPIENSO. I1 L ------… - …----- : YA * DIIIENSrO 54 a :S T ------.U O NUMBER It unit x 2 STRING

_v s->;s.^sO* ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ------

arm STUDYUINE MOUTh .m'jl ASDI- SOUThI AIMITAJ4 SEMI-2

TYPE Ob TiWEll _i _ praata --iyiya1 ! ..'1

FOR 150 KV TYPE Cc TOWER.

v~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ _ . _ M ------~~~-----_ -_ ------DESIGNCONDITION

:VOLTAGE 150 I:v : X *NUMBREROF ;IRCUIT = 2 cd :

- _ - .:LOADINGSPAN 350 mtr : * :HORIZONTAL: Nfi.,7yf ANGLE =O°: : . IC*KIND & SIZE ACSR240/40 sqm: C ------_ ------:P a SECTIONAR-EA 282. 5 sqmm: rv:D: A DIAMETERs 2 iU 21.9 am .0, _ E U* -_ :RCI .87 WrI.GRTC kg/r_ to-- i 0O AX.TENSION /*- R---KIND SIZE GS5ma~ * -- - -- _____,… :R U : SECTIONAREA _5 '_

1* - i:UR DIAllETER 'H E. -- :D WEIGHT

I.AX.TENSION * G : X STRING1 TYPE SUSPENSION, :N A DIJMENSION 24 as :UOa ER. 1 1 unit x STPRtiG2

~~~~~------R -

m~ixnnin = mugla uount~~a

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. r.r. pratair.- a wri4Y 1pr 1dya.

IL ~ F?ii~ tj ;ETAlN6eXLCEKO

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-~~' I * * ~~~~l II r -

.,.1 * R, T ~P * i i rJb .C

Nr_:

191WUU'WUirAL --

Ik~ * FOR 1S0 KV TYPE Dd TOWER

:* > ,s,. ! DESIGN CONDITION

:VOLTAGE IS0 I:v .. ;NUMBER N". "OF CIRCUIT 2 CCL . :LOADINGSPAN 330 mtr : \HORIZONTALANGLE 60 0: -rn , i :__.KIND & SIZE ACSR 24O040 sqmm: :P 0 . SECTIONAREA 282.5 sqmm: :W D * DIAMETER 21.9 mm :E U -…------:R C : WEIGHT 987 1:9g/m I I : ~~ :------:~~T MAX.TENSION I PR-:I0 : …--…------KIND SIZE GSW 55 mm- -: ------; :RW |. SECTIONAREA 5 me- :U R . DIAMETER

- ; * ; * *I * *D : WEIGHT: * I - _____-- -- _------.IAX.TENSION S …~~~------… STRINGTYPE SUSPEIJSI0U :

:N A * DIMENSION 23 c_. :ST - :ua0 : hUmIBEP II unit v: STRIN" * -. ------

* -- -- ;:WEIGHT

&bo am i.:.i JA4C1. foo.A

S]Tt; 5ruuY sIzLmlutuni UAIU.i'H - 'lSlOUTHKaUli"MalAi

TYPE Dd 7tLJi _ wi(ty;t .. !X W , _ . l~~~~R___ _ra_L_r_ TOMR SITE

;' inLmum width of the land to be acquislted

.STRAIGHT TOW

Vldth * 00

.TENDED TOWIER

ABCD : Concrete pole 10 x 10oc T : Concrete pole 1S x Is PI A P2 : Patok beton 10 x 10 t_,

MM_ UDVKSO Ut MMamMur

Poe SrrISE MDY MINEWOUT1 aAJ^.RWWR - SOIJIN VtAUlUANTAN . SERt-Z .E D TERT SUE : cpraLampa widya _ .. . _ . .. IT. .. _ _- .IAS3M .~~~~~~~TOER - SH I A - ______i_- Thumb nail

,______. Carvedletter

. jJLIT-4 DBright red paint

... s.-Wood ulin

_____CL-Crushed concrete cover

a> 4

0 f I z CONCRETEPOLE AT SwAHPSITES

POINT POLE OF TOWER T/L 150 KV AT P .. PE:LAIHARX SUGAR CANE PL ANTAT1 IO 1 S I T

rumI3IM usm USYNI SnudA

snm STUDYMINE MOUT0 B&IjARUASIN- SOUTIfIAUUANTAN SEI5I-2

TUWE SITE FOR T/L 10KU prata~ma widya -- _~~~~~_ .. @ * | II 111~~~~~~~~~~~~~11 -7 _j Top Vluw

.__. ~ ~ ~.______.--~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ * ~~I- ._._ *._i__ i____

aS~~-t a - * *- - - * - * * * *. * -

A Setlh

Legend : 3 1 ~~Cross sectlon of freespcofllhVtae6lSV

2 C MHlmumD free dlstance. Ionum n"S PZ am

SITESSruDY LUNEMOUTI

. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~SERI-Z| FREE DISTANCE

...... 5~m pratama widya _I ., . be Top Velrw

. , .~~~~J L4 a

*~~~~~~~~S I

~ eS=a -~~~~'; !=--0' - < Al l- f

1.^fi :615KVathcerl*at (th toe In hciq2

~~~~cosaes wihalt of trees

_ .4~ 0.;l~ I i.*,

2. C miniu free dLstance.

fo. sm: STUDYfY!:l' Ur,JTIII I*UJ.%?.AM.t - =01i rA:'A1A74S;

. "- ~~~~~~~~~FiMEbl'TIS __E anPraW-mawidya; ... . C. Top VImew

01 Gass statiOn Subsurface tank

J l 'lnlmum dlstance 20 m

Mlinimum distance * 50 m

Front view Projections of the outer most conductor to the ground surface

Fuel loading site

4,- - > Underground|t gasstank

tSlnil distance - 20 . |AMuwaCMI_ WMM

SIT SIUDY MINE UOUTII DANJARIASIN - SOUTi KUMA?TAN SER-2 MINIJlM DISTM ...@ pratama widya

_I . --.-- 'i11~~. U.EMJA 113IV

I.hUA 3-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~iAvIW 5 . 1.0 UA0 n"AuIfaft IV . .MUXU)2S~V a WA .

I~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~TiWfl@> alw; LVUAII1&V*l

A"1101%.S,V WI.. tum~~m

.IIJAFE1U ~ III IV *a.&Jleu41nIIuv,aC -

i).. Smt.M .

nz ~~~* sar.i * WI,..... D5 IDA 't||Wt5 s u

_ _ _ . ] w .~~~~~~~~~~MTS1Y SUllrgIE UOUTH NAJAR1AUN - SOUfH( KALAUT?AN Ito Ily -^v _I@IV ~~~~~~~~~~SERZ-Z BIA II,. ' : ELECTRICITYSYSTEM IN - .~~"lSl .- ISOUTHKALIHANTAN R .~~ U ~ ~~~~~~~~~~",.. rPratamaL nrdya I a_, _ _ , IGb. I ROSETTE DIAGRAM AT THE LOCATION OF THE PCURS 3.1 : 3BANJA HASIN POWER PLANT~~

~~Center of wind direction circle~~

~~| DAXMuImI rWAZUAlCUISU niMu&c| VCUaSAIIAII IUmmLiagi gau sIwlZ NuMiKsaIw" VrK I"" rlmStiAN~~

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~~. .. .A l s .E.. .ENGGUMAANH N-~---tPACTIDIUTIVFcAtiON FLOW DIAGRAMN------APPENDIX I~~

~~CONSTRUCTIONOF HIGH ENERGY TR1SitiIS5ZON ISO KU GI RSRM-RSRH- 01 TRISAXTI~~

~~lPiE CETmWT1S3i| COHSTRuCrT N V|CSTCONSTRUCTION~~

~~L" Icacqtjisitienb llifI I MionobFlEatien r I o r g I.1 Ical energy and oterial|ls~~

~~on- an ~~~~~~~~~~~~~Vanishing9 C aLE;a PSgXI Appaoadix :2.~~

~~Haatrix of pr*dicti.sa and uvalu&tion of ufnvirLoa1uaatalial.p.acta.~~

~~_ct;itlia i'r. Couaucruciioi tu Mae. CoiIponQaii Cont. . cou Env.lralnaianl . ____ _-.... _ Compon&nt)n L 2 1 4 :. a U~~

~~Z. Caa-PIIY Late~~

~~X. Land Uas -1 2. RLoads| 2. Land cav.Qr-L i~~

~~XI. Riot&~~

~~2. raunA - ZUt . Soc io-tconcini.cs~~

~~.1. Job opportunity +1 2. Education 3. Incorna +Li 4. Traffic -I - S. social unrest -2 t2 -2 _ 6. social parcsption -2~~

~~Nate: 1. survey 2. Project infornation 3. Land acquittd 4. Labour recruitmwnt S. EquipamOnta and aaateriala mobilization 6. Towvr conatruction 7. Stringing D. Electricity distribution~~

~~+ - pooitive impact - nagativo impact~~

~~I - Ladi Important 2 Ssufficiently IoZiportacic 3 - Imporcant 4 a tior important S - very Importanc~~