DOCSLIB.ORG

General Assembly Distr.: General 20 March 2008

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
General Assembly Distr.: General 20 March 2008 United Nations A/AC.109/2008/16 General Assembly Distr.: General 20 March 2008 Original: English Special Committee on the Situation with regard to the Implementation of the Declaration on the Granting of Independence to Colonial Countries and Peoples Montserrat Working paper prepared by the Secretariat Contents Paragraphs Page I. General ............................................................. 1–5 3 II. Constitutional, political and legal issues .................................. 6–19 4 III. Budget ............................................................. 20–23 6 IV. Volcanic activity and the environment.................................... 24–26 7 V. Economic conditions .................................................. 27–43 8 A. General......................................................... 27–30 8 B. Agriculture...................................................... 31–32 8 C. Financial services ................................................ 33–35 9 D. Tourism ........................................................ 36–38 10 E. Construction, housing and utilities .................................. 39–43 10 VI. Social conditions ..................................................... 44–59 11 A. General......................................................... 44–46 11 B. Labour ......................................................... 47–49 12 C. Education ....................................................... 50–51 12 D. Health.......................................................... 52–54 13 E. Human rights .................................................... 55–56 13 F. Crime and public safety ........................................... 57–59 14 08-28040 (E) 110408 *0828040* A/AC.109/2008/16 VII. Relations with international organizations and partners...................... 60–63 14 VIII. Future status of the Territory ........................................... 64–67 15 A. Position of the territorial Government................................ 64 15 B. Position of the administering Power ................................. 65–66 15 C. Action taken by the General Assembly ............................... 67 15 2 08-28040 A/AC.109/2008/16 I. General 1. Montserrat is a Non-Self-Governing Territory administered by the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. The Territory was named after a Spanish monastery by Christopher Columbus on his second voyage to the island in 1493. In 1632, the island became a British colony. Its first settlers were largely Irish. Sugar production dominated the island’s economy during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Slaves who worked the cotton and sugar plantations were unsuccessful in historic uprisings in the late 1700s. Slavery was abolished in 1834. Meanwhile, after two brief occupations by France, British rule resumed in 1783 and Montserrat became a British Crown Colony in 1871. From 1871 to 1958, Montserrat was administered as part of the Federal Colony of the Leeward Islands, and from 1958 to 1962, it formed part of the Federation of the West Indies. Following the dissolution of the Federation in 1962, Montserrat elected to retain its status as a Crown Colony. 2. Montserrat is situated in the Leeward Islands in the eastern Caribbean, 43 kilometres south-west of Antigua and 64 kilometres north-west of Guadeloupe. 3. The island covers an area of 103 square kilometres. Montserrat is volcanic and very mountainous, with a rugged coastline. There are three mountain ranges: Silver Hills in the north, Centre Hills and the Soufrière Hills in the south. There are hot springs, ravines, black sand beaches and a white sand beach in the north. The vegetation is tropical. 4. In July 1995, the Soufrière Hills volcano, dormant for more than 400 years, erupted with devastating effects and caused the relocation of residents and the evacuation of about 70 per cent of the population from the southern part of the island to the north. The effects of that eruption are still being strongly felt. Montserrat’s capital, Plymouth, was abandoned in 1997 after the volcanic activity rendered it uninhabitable. A new town is being developed at Little Bay in the north.1 5. The population of the Territory, which reached a peak of 14,333 in 1946, fell after the devastating volcanic eruption in 1995. In 2007, the population was estimated at 5,000,2 compared to 4,493 in 2001, 10,639 in 1991 and 11,606 in 1980. The overall decline since 1995 in the population figures was attributed to a relocation programme instituted by the territorial and United Kingdom Governments as a means of solving social and economic problems brought on by volcanic activity, and the relocation of residents. The highest proportion of emigrants was from those under 30 years of age. __________________ Note: The information contained in the present working paper has been derived from published sources, including those of the territorial Government, and from information transmitted to the Secretary-General by the administering Power under Article 73 e of the Charter of the United Nations. 1 www.caribbeannetnews.com, 16 February 2008. 2 Ibid., 25 July 2007. 08-28040 3 A/AC.109/2008/16 II. Constitutional, political and legal issues 6. Under the Montserrat Constitution Order 1989, which came into force in February 1990, Montserrat has a Governor appointed by the British monarch, an Executive Council, and a Legislative Council. 7. The current Governor of Montserrat, Peter Waterworth, took office in July 2007.3 The Governor retains responsibility for internal security (including police), external affairs, defence, public service and offshore finance. The territorial Government has asked the United Kingdom to support its request for the appointment of Montserrat’s first indigenous Deputy Governor, one of a number of suggested constitutional recommendations that are elaborated on below. Until the details are finalized, a Chief Executive Officer has been appointed in the interim, tasked with ensuring management and reform of the public service.3 8. Further, under the Constitution, the British monarch reserves the power, with the advice of the Privy Council, to make laws for the peace, order and good government of Montserrat. 9. The Executive Council currently comprises four Ministers (two men and two women), as well as the Attorney General and a Financial Secretary. It is presided over by the Governor and has responsibility for the general control and direction of government.4 10. The Legislative Council consists of nine members. Following elections in 2006, there are three female members (two are Ministers, and the third is the Leader of the Opposition) along with six male members. 11. Elections are held in Montserrat every five years on the basis of universal adult suffrage. The last elections were held on 31 May 2006, using a single- constituency “first past the post” arrangement. According to the administering Power, 3,331 voters were registered and 2,486 votes were cast: a 77 per cent voter turnout (78 per cent in 2001). No party won a clear mandate, and a coalition Government headed by Chief Minister Lowell Lewis (Montserrat Democratic Party) was formed. Other coalition members are the New People’s Liberation Movement (three) and one Independent. The opposition holds four seats. The next elections are due in 2011.5 12. The law of Montserrat is English common law and locally enacted legislation. It is administered by a Magistrates Court and the Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court. The Eastern Caribbean Supreme Court (Court of Appeal) is an itinerant court established under the West Indies Associated States Supreme Court Order No. 223 of 1967, whose sittings rotate among the Court’s nine member States of the Court, including Montserrat.6 Cases handled by the Supreme Court have recourse of final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council. __________________ 3 Information provided by the administering Power, 14 January 2008. 4 www.opsi.gov.uk; Lowell Lewis, Uncorrected transcript of oral evidence, to be published as HC 147-i, House of Commons, minutes of evidence taken before the Foreign Affairs Committee, Overseas Territories, Monday 3 December 2007, http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/ cm200708/cmselect/cmfaff/uc147-i/uc14702.htm. 5 www.fco.gov.uk. 6 http://eccourts.org/index.html. 4 08-28040 A/AC.109/2008/16 13. The basis of the relationship between the Government of the United Kingdom and its Overseas Territories, including Montserrat, is set out in the White Paper entitled “Partnership for Progress and Prosperity: Britain and the Overseas Territories,”7 which recognized that the constitutions of the Territories needed to be kept up to date. 14. A Constitutional Review Commission was set up in 2002 under the chairmanship of Sir Howard Fergus. In February 2003, the Governor was presented with the Commission’s report, including recommendations for a number of changes to the Constitution. For instance, the report concluded that the proposed change from the imposition of the candidate by the United Kingdom to a more cooperative approach in choosing a Governor would have positive symbolic significance. That report was debated in the Legislative Council in April 2005. 15. The first round of talks between the territorial Government and the Foreign and Commonwealth Office took place in Montserrat in September 2005. A second round of discussions between Montserrat, involving all Legislative Council members, and a United Kingdom Government team took place in February 2006, followed by additional talks in 2006 and 2007. As
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Political Change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies. Cuthbert J
    University of Massachusetts Amherst ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 1-1-1973 From crown colony to associate statehood : political change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies. Cuthbert J. Thomas University of Massachusetts Amherst Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1 Recommended Citation Thomas, Cuthbert J., "From crown colony to associate statehood : political change in Dominica, the Commonwealth West Indies." (1973). Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014. 1879. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/dissertations_1/1879 This Open Access Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. It has been accepted for inclusion in Doctoral Dissertations 1896 - February 2014 by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks@UMass Amherst. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ^^^^^^^ ^0 ASSOCIATE STATEHOOD: CHANGE POLITICAL IN DOMINICA, THE COMMONWEALTH WEST INDIES A Dissertation Presented By CUTHBERT J. THOMAS Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY May 1973 Major Subject Political Science C\ithbert J. Thomas 1973 All Rights Reserved FROM CROV/N COLONY TO ASSOCIATE STATEHOOD: POLITICAL CHANGE IN DOMINICA, THE COMMONWEALTH WEST INDIES A Dissertation By CUTHBERT J. THOMAS Approved as to stylq and content by; Dr. Harvey "T. Kline (Chairman of Committee) Dr. Glen Gorden (Head of Department) Dr» Gerard Braunthal^ (Member) C 1 Dro George E. Urch (Member) May 1973 To the Youth of Dominica who wi3.1 replace these colonials before long PREFACE My interest in Comparative Government dates back to ray days at McMaster University during the 1969-1970 academic year.
    [Show full text]
  • Development Proposals For: Lookout Primary School Brades Primary
    Development Proposals for: Lookout Primary School Brades Primary School Montserrat Secondary School 2008 MNT 09 Department for International Development UK January 2009 WSP imc Emerald House 15 Lansdowne Road Croydon CR0 2BX Tel: +44 (0)20 8633 7900 Fax: +44 (0)20 8633 7977 http://www.wspgroup.com Reg. No: 2651349 Development Proposals for: Department for International Development Lookout Primary School 2008 MNT 09 Brades Primary School Montserrat Secondary School This report was prepared by Nigel Wakeham AA Dipl RIBA, Consultant Architect The consultant would like to acknowledge the assistance of the Director and the Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Education, of the acting Chief Architect and his staff in the Public Works Department and of the DFID Engineering Adviser and the Representative and staff of the DFID office in Montserrat in the preparation of this report. Any views expressed in this report are those of the consultant and do not represent policy or commitment to action by either DFID of the Government of Montserrat. January 2009 2008 MNT 09 i TI-UP Development Proposals for: Department for International Development Lookout Primary School 2008 MNT 09 Brades Primary School Montserrat Secondary School CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Background 1 1.2 Purpose 1 1.3 Meetings 1 1.4 Site Visits 2 2. SUMMARY OF REPORT 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 The Development of Existing Primary Schools 3 2.2.1 Lookout Primary School 3 2.2.2 Brades Primary School 4 2.2.3 Montserrat Secondary School 5 3. PRIMARY SCHOOL DEVELOPMENT PLANS 7 3.1 Introduction 7 3.2 Lookout Primary School 8 3.2.1 Present Situation 8 3.2.2 Future Development of the School 12 3.3.3 Cost Estimates 21 3.3 Brades Primary School 22 3.3.1 Present Situation 22 3.3.2 Future Development of the School 25 3.3.3 Cost Estimates 39 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation
    The Dynamic Gravity Dataset: Technical Documentation Lead Authors:∗ Tamara Gurevich and Peter Herman Contributing Authors: Nabil Abbyad, Meryem Demirkaya, Austin Drenski, Jeffrey Horowitz, and Grace Kenneally Version 1.00 Abstract This document provides technical documentation for the Dynamic Gravity dataset. The Dynamic Gravity dataset provides extensive country and country pair information for a total of 285 countries and territories, annually, between the years 1948 to 2016. This documentation extensively describes the methodology used for the creation of each variable and the information sources they are based on. Additionally, it provides a large collection of summary statistics to aid in the understanding of the resulting Dynamic Gravity dataset. This documentation is the result of ongoing professional research of USITC Staff and is solely meant to represent the opinions and professional research of individual authors. It is not meant to represent in any way the views of the U.S. International Trade Commission or any of its individual Commissioners. It is circulated to promote the active exchange of ideas between USITC Staff and recognized experts outside the USITC, professional devel- opment of Office Staff and increase data transparency by encouraging outside professional critique of staff research. Please address all correspondence to [email protected] or [email protected]. ∗We thank Renato Barreda, Fernando Gracia, Nuhami Mandefro, and Richard Nugent for research assistance in completion of this project. 1 Contents 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Nomenclature . .3 1.2 Variables Included in the Dataset . .3 1.3 Contents of the Documentation . .6 2 Country or Territory and Year Identifiers 6 2.1 Record Identifiers .
    [Show full text]
  • OCT Financing Agreement
    Agreement N°9245/REG FINANCING AGREEMENT between THE EUROPEAN COMMISSION and THE NETHERLANDS & UNITED KINGDOM OVERSEAS COUNTRIES AND TERRITORIES OF : ANGUILLA, ARUBA, BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS, CAYMAN ISLANDS, NETHERLANDS ANTILLES, MONTSERRAT AND TURKS & CAICOS ISLANDS Strengthening of Medical Laboratory Services in the Caribbean OCTs (PTR/001/04) EDF IX FINANCING AGREEMENT Special Conditions The European Community, hereinafter referred to as "the Community", represented by the Commission of the European Communities in its capacity as manager of the European Development Fund, hereinafter referred to as "the Commission”, of the one part, and Anguilla, Aruba, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Netherlands Antilles, Montserrat and Turks & Caicos Islands, represented by their respective Territorial Authorising Officers, hereinafter referred to as "the Beneficiaries", of the other part, HAVE AGREED AS FOLLOWS: ARTICLE 1 - NATURE AND PURPOSE OF THE OPERATION 1.1. The Community shall contribute to the financing of the following programme: Title : Strengthening of Medical Laboratory Services in the Caribbean Accounting N°: 9 PTO REG 003 Identification N°: PTR/001/04 hereinafter referred to as “the programme", which is described in the Technical and Administrative Provisions in Annex II. 1.2 This programme will be implemented in accordance with the financing agreement and the annexes thereto: the General Conditions (Annex I) and the Technical and Administrative Provisions (Annex II). ARTICLE 2 - THE COMMUNITY'S FINANCIAL CONTRIBUTION 2.1 The total cost of the programme is estimated at 1 425 000 Euro. 2.2 The Community undertakes to finance a maximum of 1 425 000 Euro. The breakdown of the Community’s financial contribution into budget headings is shown in the budget included in the Technical and Administrative Provisions in Annex II.
    [Show full text]
  • Anguilla: a Tourism Success Story?
    Visions in Leisure and Business Volume 14 Number 4 Article 4 1996 Anguilla: A Tourism Success Story? Paul F. Wilkinson York University Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions Recommended Citation Wilkinson, Paul F. (1996) "Anguilla: A Tourism Success Story?," Visions in Leisure and Business: Vol. 14 : No. 4 , Article 4. Available at: https://scholarworks.bgsu.edu/visions/vol14/iss4/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Journals at ScholarWorks@BGSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Visions in Leisure and Business by an authorized editor of ScholarWorks@BGSU. ANGUILLA: A TOURISM SUCCESS STORY? BY DR. PAUL F. WILKINSON, PROFESSOR FACULTY OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES YORK UNIVERSITY 4700KEELE STREET NORTH YORK, ONTARIO CANADA MJJ 1P3 ABSTRACT More than any other Caribbean community, the Anguillans [sic )1 have Anguilla is a Caribbean island microstate the sense of home. The land has been that has undergone dramatic tourism growth, theirs immemorially; no humiliation passing through the early stages of Butler's attaches to it. There are no Great tourist cycle model to the "development" houses2 ; there arenot even ruins. (32) stage. This pattern is related to deliberate government policy and planning decisions, including a policy of not having a limit to INTRODUCTION tourism growth. The resulting economic dependence on tourism has led to positive Anguilla is a Caribbean island microstate economic benefits (e.g., high GDP per that has undergone dramatic tourism growth, capita, low unemployment, and significant passing through the early stages of Butler's localinvolvement in the industry). (3) tourist cycle model to the "development" stage.
    [Show full text]
  • Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee
    Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories Compiled by S. Oldfield Edited by D. Procter and L.V. Fleming ISBN: 1 86107 502 2 © Copyright Joint Nature Conservation Committee 1999 Illustrations and layout by Barry Larking Cover design Tracey Weeks Printed by CLE Citation. Procter, D., & Fleming, L.V., eds. 1999. Biodiversity: the UK Overseas Territories. Peterborough, Joint Nature Conservation Committee. Disclaimer: reference to legislation and convention texts in this document are correct to the best of our knowledge but must not be taken to infer definitive legal obligation. Cover photographs Front cover: Top right: Southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome chrysocome (Richard White/JNCC). The world’s largest concentrations of southern rockhopper penguin are found on the Falkland Islands. Centre left: Down Rope, Pitcairn Island, South Pacific (Deborah Procter/JNCC). The introduced rat population of Pitcairn Island has successfully been eradicated in a programme funded by the UK Government. Centre right: Male Anegada rock iguana Cyclura pinguis (Glen Gerber/FFI). The Anegada rock iguana has been the subject of a successful breeding and re-introduction programme funded by FCO and FFI in collaboration with the National Parks Trust of the British Virgin Islands. Back cover: Black-browed albatross Diomedea melanophris (Richard White/JNCC). Of the global breeding population of black-browed albatross, 80 % is found on the Falkland Islands and 10% on South Georgia. Background image on front and back cover: Shoal of fish (Charles Sheppard/Warwick
    [Show full text]
  • An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar
    .............................................................................................................................................................................................................WORK IN PROGESS WORK IN PROGRESS TOMASZ PACIORKOWSKI DOI: 10.15290/CR.2018.23.4.05 Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań An Overlooked Colonial English of Europe: the Case of Gibraltar Abstract. Gibraltar, popularly known as “The Rock”, has been a British overseas territory since the Treaty of Utrecht was signed in 1713. The demographics of this unique colony reflect its turbulent past, with most of the population being of Spanish, Portuguese or Italian origin (Garcia 1994). Additionally, there are prominent minorities of Indians, Maltese, Moroccans and Jews, who have also continued to influence both the culture and the languages spoken in Gibraltar (Kellermann 2001). Despite its status as the only English overseas territory in continental Europe, Gibraltar has so far remained relatively neglected by scholars of sociolinguistics, new dialect formation, and World Englishes. The paper provides a summary of the current state of sociolinguistic research in Gibraltar, focusing on such aspects as identity formation, code-switching, language awareness, language attitudes, and norms. It also delineates a plan for further research on code-switching and national identity following the 2016 Brexit referendum. Keywords: Gibraltar, code-switching, sociolinguistics, New Englishes, dialect formation, Brexit. 1. Introduction Gibraltar is located on the southern tip of the Iberian Peninsula and measures just about 6 square kilometres. This small size, however, belies an extraordinarily complex political history and social fabric. In the Brexit referendum of 23rd of June 2016, the inhabitants of Gibraltar overwhelmingly expressed their willingness to continue belonging to the European Union, yet at the moment it appears that they will be forced to follow the decision of the British govern- ment and leave the EU (Garcia 2016).
    [Show full text]
  • UK Overseas Territories
    INFORMATION PAPER United Kingdom Overseas Territories - Toponymic Information United Kingdom Overseas Territories (UKOTs), also known as British Overseas Territories (BOTs), have constitutional and historical links with the United Kingdom, but do not form part of the United Kingdom itself. The Queen is the Head of State of all the UKOTs, and she is represented by a Governor or Commissioner (apart from the UK Sovereign Base Areas that are administered by MOD). Each Territory has its own Constitution, its own Government and its own local laws. The 14 territories are: Anguilla; Bermuda; British Antarctic Territory (BAT); British Indian Ocean Territory (BIOT); British Virgin Islands; Cayman Islands; Falkland Islands; Gibraltar; Montserrat; Pitcairn, Henderson, Ducie and Oeno Islands; Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha; South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands; Turks and Caicos Islands; UK Sovereign Base Areas. PCGN recommend the term ‘British Overseas Territory Capital’ for the administrative centres of UKOTs. Production of mapping over the UKOTs does not take place systematically in the UK. Maps produced by the relevant territory, preferably by official bodies such as the local government or tourism authority, should be used for current geographical names. National government websites could also be used as an additional reference. Additionally, FCDO and MOD briefing maps may be used as a source for names in UKOTs. See the FCDO White Paper for more information about the UKOTs. ANGUILLA The territory, situated in the Caribbean, consists of the main island of Anguilla plus some smaller, mostly uninhabited islands. It is separated from the island of Saint Martin (split between Saint-Martin (France) and Sint Maarten (Netherlands)), 17km to the south, by the Anguilla Channel.
    [Show full text]
  • S Montserrat National Trust, Montserrat Tourist Board, That Rats Rattus Spp
    Important Bird Areas in the Caribbean – Montserrat ■ MONTSERRAT LAND AREA 102 km2 ALTITUDE 0–914 m HUMAN POPULATION 4,819 CAPITAL Plymouth (defunct due to volcanic eruption) IMPORTANT BIRD AREAS 3, totalling 16.5 km2 IMPORTANT BIRD AREA PROTECTION 48% BIRD SPECIES 101 THREATENED BIRDS 2 RESTRICTED-RANGE BIRDS 12 GEOFF HILTON (ROYAL SOCIETY FOR THE PROTECTION OF BIRDS), LLOYD MARTIN AND JAMES ‘SCRIBER’ DALY (DEPARTMENT OF ENVIRONMENT, MONTSERRAT) AND RICHARD ALLCORN (FAUNA AND FLORA INTERNATIONAL) The endemic Montserrat Oriole lost 60% of its forest habitat during the eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano. (PHOTO: JAMES MORGAN/DWCT) INTRODUCTION in the lowlands, through semi-deciduous and evergreen wet forest in the hills, to montane elfin forest on the highest peaks. Montserrat is a UK Overseas Territory in the Leeward Islands There are small areas of littoral woodland, and in the driest towards the northern end of the Lesser Antilles, just 40 km areas of the lowlands, the vegetation is xerophytic scrub, with south-west of Antigua and between the islands of Nevis and numerous cacti. All but a few small forest patches were Guadeloupe. The island is about 16 km long and 11 km wide, apparently cleared during the plantation era, and the bulk of and its volcanic origins are reflected in an extremely rugged the remaining forest is therefore secondary. In the Centre topography. There are three major volcanic hill ranges—the Hills, the largest remaining forest block, native trees are mixed Soufriere and South Soufriere Hills, the Centre Hills, and the with numerous large, non-native fruit trees—remnants of Silver Hills.
    [Show full text]
  • Montserrat – a Case Study in the Application of Multiple Methods to Meet a Post Disaster Housing Shortage
    MONTSERRAT – A CASE STUDY IN THE APPLICATION OF MULTIPLE METHODS TO MEET A POST DISASTER HOUSING SHORTAGE Andrew P. Fox* Centre for Disaster Management, Coventry University, UK Abstract Following the violent eruptions of the Soufriere Hills volcano in 1995 the Island of Montserrat suffered extensive damage and loss to its housing stock. The post disaster reconstruction programme involved the provision of new housing to meet both the immediate emergency need and the longer term need for the resettlement of the population. The re-housing programme drew heavily on both local and international resources and incorporated a range of solutions from low-cost prefabricated units, traditional timber framed units, masonry construction (upgraded to meet revised building code requirements) and high quality modular units. This paper will set out the challenges faced in the implementation of this programme, which included the logistical complications presented by an Island with very few natural resources, a need to maximise local employment and a desire to conform with accepted notions of best practice. The paper will also compare and contrast the effectiveness of the alternative methods in meeting both the above mentioned challenges and, more importantly, the needs of the Island population. In conclusion this paper will suggest ways in which lessons learned can lead to improvements of best practice. Merging local and imported technologies, imported prefabrication, self-help programmes, inadequate prevention, hazard prone area development, natural catastrophes, improved strategies * Address: School of Science and the Environment, Priory Street, Coventry, CV1 5FB; e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION In 1995 the Soufriere Hills volcano on Montserrat began erupting for the first time since European settlers arrived almost 400 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Convention on the Rights of the Child Was Extended to Anguilla on 7 September 1994
    UNITED NATIONS CRC Convention on the Distr. Rights of the Child GENERAL CRC/C/41/Add.7 22 February 2000 Original: ENGLISH COMMITTEE ON THE RIGHTS OF THE CHILD CONSIDERATION OF REPORTS SUBMITTED BY STATES PARTIES UNDER ARTICLE 44 OF THE CONVENTION Initial reports of States parties due in 1996 Addendum OVERSEAS DEPENDENT TERRITORIES AND CROWN DEPENDENCIES OF THE UNITED KINGDOM OF GREAT BRITAIN AND NORTHERN IRELAND*1 [26 May 1999] * This document submitted by the Government of the United Kingdom contains initial reports relating to the Crown Dependencies of Anguilla, Bermuda, the British Virgin Islands, the Cayman Islands, Montserrat, Pitcairn Island, St. Helena and its dependencies, the Turks and Caicos Islands. 1 Annexes referred to in the text are available for consultation in the secretariat. GE.00-40860 (E) CRC/C/41/Add.7 page 2 CONTENTS Paragraphs Page ANGUILLA .......................................................................................... 1 - 53 3 BERMUDA........................................................................................... 54 - 129 13 BRITISH VIRGIN ISLANDS................................................................ 130 - 185 36 CAYMAN ISLANDS............................................................................ 186 - 235 52 MONTSERRAT .................................................................................... 236 - 291 65 PITCAIRN ISLAND ............................................................................. 292 - 323 77 ST. HELENA AND ITS DEPENDENCIES..........................................
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Impacts on the Success of Bermuda's Inhabitants Alyssa V
    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Senior Honors Projects Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island 2016 Environmental Impacts on the Success of Bermuda's Inhabitants Alyssa V. Pietraszek University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog Recommended Citation Pietraszek, Alyssa V., "Environmental Impacts on the Success of Bermuda's Inhabitants" (2016). Senior Honors Projects. Paper 493. http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/493http://digitalcommons.uri.edu/srhonorsprog/493 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Honors Program at the University of Rhode Island at DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Senior Honors Projects by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Page 1 Introduction. Since the discovery of the island in 1505, the lifestyle of the inhabitants of Bermuda has been influenced by the island’s isolated geographic location and distinctive geological setting. This influence is visible in nearly every aspect of Bermudian society, from the adoption of small- scale adjustments, such as the collection of rainwater as a source of freshwater and the utilization of fishing wells, to large-scale modifications, such as the development of a maritime economy and the reliance on tourism and international finances. These accommodations are the direct consequences of Bermuda’s environmental and geographic setting and are necessary for Bermudians to survive and prosper on the island. Geographic, Climatic, and Geological Setting. Bermuda is located in the North Atlantic Ocean at 32º 20’ N, 64º 45’ W, northwest of the Sargasso Sea and around 1000 kilometers southeast of Cape Hatteras, North Carolina (Vacher & Rowe, 1997).
    [Show full text]