Analysis of Chronic Tinnitus in Noise-Induced Hearing Loss and Presbycusis
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Age-Related Hearing Loss
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES ∙ National Institutes of Health NIDCD Fact Sheet | Hearing and Balance Age-Related Hearing Loss What is age-related hearing loss? The auditory system Age-related hearing loss (presbycusis) is the loss of hearing that gradually occurs in most of us as we grow older. It is one of the most common conditions affecting older and elderly adults. Approximately one in three people in the United States between the ages of 65 and 74 has hearing loss, and nearly half of those older than 75 have difficulty hearing. Having trouble hearing can make it hard to understand and follow a doctor’s advice, respond to warnings, and hear phones, doorbells, and smoke alarms. Hearing loss can also make it hard to enjoy talking with family and friends, leading to feelings of isolation. Age-related hearing loss most often occurs in both ears, affecting them equally. Because the loss is gradual, if you have age-related hearing loss you Credit: NIH Medical Arts may not realize that you’ve lost some of your ability to hear. How do we hear? There are many causes of age-related hearing Hearing depends on a series of events that change loss. Most commonly, it arises from changes in sound waves in the air into electrical signals. Your the inner ear as we age, but it can also result auditory nerve then carries these signals to your from changes in the middle ear, or from complex brain through a complex series of steps. changes along the nerve pathways from the ear 1. -
PRESBYCUSIS Diagnosis and Treatment
Hear the FACTS about PRESBYCUSIS Diagnosis and Treatment NORMAL HEARING What is Presbycusis? FREQUENCY (in Hertz) . A gradual reduction in hearing as we get older, typically affecting both 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 -10 ears equally. 0 X 10 X X Common in men and women, with men typically having greater X •X . 20 • •X • • • 30 hearing loss than women of the same age. 40 Typically a greater hearing loss for high frequency sounds than for low 50 . (in dBHL) 60 INTENSITY frequency sounds. 70 80 A treatable condition that can benefit greatly from technological 90 . advances in various amplification or hearing assistance devices, along 100 • Right Ear 110 X Left Ear with counseling on effective communication strategies. PRESBYCUSIS HEARING LOSS What causes Presbycusis? FREQUENCY (in Hertz) . Family history or hereditary factors. 250 500 1000 2000 4000 8000 -10 Changes in the inner ear blood supply related to heart disease, 0 . 10 •X diabetes, high blood pressure and smoking. 20 •X 30 •X A loss of sound sensitivity from cumulative exposure to loud sounds. 40 •X . 50 (in dBHL) 60 INTENSITY X 70 • Symptoms: X 80 • •X 90 . Frequently asking people to repeat what they say, especially in 100 Right Ear “difficult listening places”. 110 X Left Ear . Ability to hear lower-pitched men's voices easier than higher-pitched NORMAL INNER EAR PRESBYCUSIC INNER EAR women’s or children’s voices. People complaining that the TV is being played too loud. Tinnitus, also known as “head noise”, which produces buzzing or ringing sounds in the ear. Diagnosis: . Talk honestly with your Hearing Healthcare Provider about daily hearing problems. -
PDF in English
Case Report Article Labyrinthitis Ossificans. Report of One Case and Literature Review Leandro Ricardo Mattiola*, Mark Makowiecky**, Carlos Eduardo Guimarães de Salles**, Marcela Pozzi Cardoso***, Samir Cahali****. * ENT doctor. Post-graduation student in Head and Neck Surgery at HSPE-SP. ** 2nd yr. Resident Doctor in ENT and Head and Neck Surgery at HSPE-SP. *** ENT Doctor. Assistant doctor in the Otology Department at HSPE-SP. **** PhD in Otorhinolaryngology by UNIFESP. Head of ENT and Head and Neck Surgery Department at HSPE-SP. Institution: Hospital do Servidor Público Estadual de São Paulo - FMO. Departamento de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço. São Paulo / SP – Brazil. Address for correspondence: Leandro Ricardo Mattiola – Rua José de Magalhães 600 - Vila Clementino – São Paulo / SP – Brazil - Zip code: 04026-090 – Telephone/ Fax: (+55 11) 5088-8406 - E-mail: [email protected] Article received on May 31st, 2007. Article approved on November 8th, 2007. SUMMARY Introduction: Labyrinthitis ossificans is a pathology characterized by sensorioneural hearing loss; secondary to infectious process, which produces irreversible injury to inner ear. Objective: To report a labyrinthitis ossificans case and review the literature. Case Report: A seven-year-old male patient, with profound hearing loss in tonal audiometry; no response from brainstem audiometry and compatible CT findings. Conclusion: Labyrinthitis ossificans results ossification on the inner ear structures. Pacient presents profound irreversible hearing loss, followed or not by disequilibrium, that can have important implication on educational socio-development. Diagnosis is important for cochlear implantation cases of the selected cases. Key words: labirinthitis, cochlea, hearing loss, osteogenesis 300 Intl. Arch. Otorhinolaryngol., São Paulo, v.12, n.2, p. -
Correlations Between Audiogram and Objective Hearing Tests in Sensorineural Hearing Loss
International Tinnitus Journal, Vol. 5, No.2, 107-112 (1999) Correlations Between Audiogram and Objective Hearing Tests in Sensorineural Hearing Loss L. Bishara,1 J. Ben-David,l L. Podoshin,1 M. Fradis,l C.B. Teszler,l H. Pratt,2 T. Shpack,3 H. Feiglin,3 H. Hafner,3 and N. Herlinger2 I Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and 3Institute of Audiology, Bnai-Zion Medical Center, and 2Evoked Potentials Laboratory, Technion, Haifa, Israel Abstract: Owing to its subjective nature, behavioral pure-tone audiometry often is an unre liable testing method in uncooperative subjects, and assessing the true hearing threshold be comes difficult. In such cases, objective tests are used for hearing-threshold determination (i.e., auditory brainstem evoked potentials [ABEP] and frequency-specific auditory evoked potentials: slow negative response at 10 msec [SN-1O]). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the correlation between pure-tone audiogram shape and the predictive accuracy of SN-IO and ABEP in normal controls and in patients suf fering from sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). One-hundred-and-fifty subjects aged 15 to 70, some with normal hearing and the remainder with SNHL, were tested prospectively in a double-blind design. The battery of tests included pure-tone audiometry (air and bone conduction), speech reception threshold, ABEP, and SN- 10. Patients with SNHL were divided into four categories according to audiogram shape (i.e., flat, ascending, descending, and all other shapes). The results showed that ABEP predicts behavioral thresholds at 3 kHz and 4 kHz in cases of high-frequency hearing loss. -
A Molecular and Genetic Analysis of Otosclerosis
A molecular and genetic analysis of otosclerosis Joanna Lauren Ziff Submitted for the degree of PhD University College London January 2014 1 Declaration I, Joanna Ziff, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. Where work has been conducted by other members of our laboratory, this has been indicated by an appropriate reference. 2 Abstract Otosclerosis is a common form of conductive hearing loss. It is characterised by abnormal bone remodelling within the otic capsule, leading to formation of sclerotic lesions of the temporal bone. Encroachment of these lesions on to the footplate of the stapes in the middle ear leads to stapes fixation and subsequent conductive hearing loss. The hereditary nature of otosclerosis has long been recognised due to its recurrence within families, but its genetic aetiology is yet to be characterised. Although many familial linkage studies and candidate gene association studies to investigate the genetic nature of otosclerosis have been performed in recent years, progress in identifying disease causing genes has been slow. This is largely due to the highly heterogeneous nature of this condition. The research presented in this thesis examines the molecular and genetic basis of otosclerosis using two next generation sequencing technologies; RNA-sequencing and Whole Exome Sequencing. RNA–sequencing has provided human stapes transcriptomes for healthy and diseased stapes, and in combination with pathway analysis has helped identify genes and molecular processes dysregulated in otosclerotic tissue. Whole Exome Sequencing has been employed to investigate rare variants that segregate with otosclerosis in affected families, and has been followed by a variant filtering strategy, which has prioritised genes found to be dysregulated during RNA-sequencing. -
CASE REPORT 48-Year-Old Man
THE PATIENT CASE REPORT 48-year-old man SIGNS & SYMPTOMS – Acute hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness in the left ear Dennerd Ovando, MD; J. Walter Kutz, MD; Weber test lateralized to the – Sergio Huerta, MD right ear Department of Surgery (Drs. Ovando and Huerta) – Positive Rinne test and and Department of normal tympanometry Otolaryngology (Dr. Kutz), UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas; VA North Texas Health Care System, Dallas (Dr. Huerta) Sergio.Huerta@ THE CASE UTSouthwestern.edu The authors reported no A healthy 48-year-old man presented to our otolaryngology clinic with a 2-hour history of potential conflict of interest hearing loss, tinnitus, and fullness in the left ear. He denied any vertigo, nausea, vomiting, relevant to this article. otalgia, or otorrhea. He had noticed signs of a possible upper respiratory infection, including a sore throat and headache, the day before his symptoms started. His medical history was unremarkable. He denied any history of otologic surgery, trauma, or vision problems, and he was not taking any medications. The patient was afebrile on physical examination with a heart rate of 48 beats/min and blood pressure of 117/68 mm Hg. A Weber test performed using a 512-Hz tuning fork lateral- ized to the right ear. A Rinne test showed air conduction was louder than bone conduction in the affected left ear—a normal finding. Tympanometry and otoscopic examination showed the bilateral tympanic membranes were normal. THE DIAGNOSIS Pure tone audiometry showed severe sensorineural hearing loss in the left ear and a poor speech discrimination score. The Weber test confirmed the hearing loss was sensorineu- ral and not conductive, ruling out a middle ear effusion. -
Hearing Screening Training Manual REVISED 12/2018
Hearing Screening Training Manual REVISED 12/2018 Minnesota Department of Health (MDH) Community and Family Health Division Maternal and Child Health Section 1 2 For more information, contact Minnesota Department of Health Maternal Child Health Section 85 E 7th Place St. Paul, MN 55164-0882 651-201-3760 [email protected] www.health.state.mn.us Upon request, this material will be made available in an alternative format such as large print, Braille or audio recording. 3 Revisions made to this manual are based on: Guidelines for Hearing Screening After the Newborn Period to Kindergarten Age http://www.improveehdi.org/mn/library/files/afternewbornperiodguidelines.pdf American Academy of Audiology, Childhood Screening Guidelines http://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/hearingloss/documents/AAA_Childhood%20Hearing%2 0Guidelines_2011.pdf American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP), Hearing Assessment in Children: Recommendations Beyond Neonatal Screening http://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/124/4/1252 4 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................... 7 Audience ..................................................................................................................... 7 Purpose ....................................................................................................................... 7 Overview of hearing and hearing loss ............................................................................ 9 Sound, hearing, and hearing -
Facts About Noise-Induced Hearing Loss Over 85 Db
Facts about Noise-Induced Hearing Loss over 85 dB. Sound loudness is measured in Approximately 40 million American adults may have units called decibels (dB). hearing loss resulting from noise exposure.1 Noise- 60 dB Normal conversations, induced hearing loss is caused by damage to the dishwashers hair cells found in the inner ear. Hair cells are small 80 dB Alarm clocks sensory cells that convert the sounds we hear 90 dB Hair dryers, blenders, (sound energy) into electrical signals that travel to lawnmowers the brain. Once damaged, our hair cells cannot 100 dB MP3 players at full volume grow back, which results in permanent hearing loss. 110 dB Concerts (any music genre), car racing, sporting events Hearing protection decreases the intensity, or 120 dB Jet planes at take off loudness, of noise and helps preserve your hearing. 130 dB Ambulance, fire engine sirens 140 dB Gun shots, fireworks, custom car Harmful sounds are those that are too loud and last stereos at full volume too long or are very loud and sudden. For example, exposure to a one-time intense “impulse” sound Protect your hearing: such as an explosion, or continuous exposure to • Wear hearing protection when around loud sounds over an extended period of time such sounds louder than 85 dB. There are as at a concert may be harmful. The louder the different types of hearing protection such as sound, the shorter the amount of time you can foam earplugs, earmuffs, and custom safely be around it. hearing protection devices • Contact your local audiologist for custom You may encounter harmful sounds at work, at hearing protection devices. -
Migraine Associated Vertigo
Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain VC 2015 American Headache Society Published by JohnWiley & Sons, Inc. doi: 10.1111/head.12704 Headache Toolbox Migraine Associated Vertigo Between 30 and 50% of migraineurs will sometimes times a condition similar to benign positional vertigo experience dizziness, a sense of spinning, or feeling like called vestibular neuronitis (or vestibular neuritis/labyrinthi- their balance is off in the midst of their headaches. This is tis) is triggered by a viral infection of the inner ear, result- now termed vestibular migraine, but is also called ing in constant vertigo or unsteadiness. Symptoms can migraine associated vertigo. Sometimes migraineurs last for a few days to a few weeks and then go away as experience these symptoms before the headache, but mysteriously as they came on. Vestibular migraine, by they can occur during the headache, or even without any definition, should have migraine symptoms in at least head pain. In children, vertigo may be a precursor to 50% of the vertigo episodes, and these include head migraines developing in the teens or adulthood. Migraine pain, light and noise sensitivity, and nausea. associated vertigo may be more common in those with There are red flags, which are warning signs that ver- motion sickness. tigo is not part of a migraine. Sudden hearing loss can be For some patients this vertiginous sensation resem- the sign of an infection that needs treatment. Loss of bal- bles migraine aura, which is a reversible, relatively short- ance alone, or accompanied by weakness can be the lived neurologic symptom associated with their migraines. -
Recreational Noise-Induced Hearing Loss
Hearing loss due to recreational exposure to loud sounds A review World Health Organization Hearing loss due to recreational exposure to loud sounds A review World Health Organization Contributors: Etienne Krug, Maria Alarcos Cieza, Shelly Chadha, Laura Sminkey, Thais Morata, DeWet Swanepoel, Adrian Fuente, Warwick Williams, Joseph Cerquone, Ricardo Martinez, Gretchen Stevens, Margie Peden, Sowmya Rao, Paras Agarwal, Eighmey Zeeck, Anna Bladey, Malachi Arunda, Aileen Ncube. Graphics Credits: INIS Communications WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data Hearing loss due to recreational exposure to loud sounds: a review. 1.Hearing Loss, Noise-Induced. 2.Music. 3.Noise. 4.Recreation. 5.Noise. Transportation. 6.Adolescent. I.World Health Organization. ISBN 978 92 4 150851 3 (NLM classification: WV 270) © World Health Organization 2015 All rights reserved. Publications of the World Health Organization are available on the WHO website (http://www.who.int) or can be purchased from WHO Press, World Health Organization, 20 Avenue Appia, 1211 Geneva 27, Switzerland (tel.: +41 22 791 3264; fax: +41 22 791 4857; e-mail: [email protected]). Requests for permission to reproduce or translate WHO publications – whether for sale or for non- commercial distribution – should be addressed to WHO Press through the WHO website (http://www.who.int/about/licensing/copyright_form/en/index.html). The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the World Health Organization concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. -
Vestibular Neuritis and Labyrinthitis
Vestibular Neuritis and DISORDERS Labyrinthitis: Infections of the Inner Ear By Charlotte L. Shupert, PhD with contributions from Bridget Kulick, PT and the Vestibular Disorders Association INFECTIONS Result in damage to inner ear and/or nerve. ARTICLE 079 DID THIS ARTICLE HELP YOU? SUPPORT VEDA @ VESTIBULAR.ORG Vestibular neuritis and labyrinthitis are disorders resulting from an 5018 NE 15th Ave. infection that inflames the inner ear or the nerves connecting the inner Portland, OR 97211 ear to the brain. This inflammation disrupts the transmission of sensory 1-800-837-8428 information from the ear to the brain. Vertigo, dizziness, and difficulties [email protected] with balance, vision, or hearing may result. vestibular.org Infections of the inner ear are usually viral; less commonly, the cause is bacterial. Such inner ear infections are not the same as middle ear infections, which are the type of bacterial infections common in childhood affecting the area around the eardrum. VESTIBULAR.ORG :: 079 / DISORDERS 1 INNER EAR STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION The inner ear consists of a system of fluid-filled DEFINITIONS tubes and sacs called the labyrinth. The labyrinth serves two functions: hearing and balance. Neuritis Inflamation of the nerve. The hearing function involves the cochlea, a snail- shaped tube filled with fluid and sensitive nerve Labyrinthitis Inflamation of the labyrinth. endings that transmit sound signals to the brain. Bacterial infection where The balance function involves the vestibular bacteria infect the middle organs. Fluid and hair cells in the three loop-shaped ear or the bone surrounding semicircular canals and the sac-shaped utricle and Serous the inner ear produce toxins saccule provide the brain with information about Labyrinthitis that invade the inner ear via head movement. -
Vestibular Neuritis, Labyrinthitis, and a Few Comments Regarding Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss Marcello Cherchi
Vestibular neuritis, labyrinthitis, and a few comments regarding sudden sensorineural hearing loss Marcello Cherchi §1: What are these diseases, how are they related, and what is their cause? §1.1: What is vestibular neuritis? Vestibular neuritis, also called vestibular neuronitis, was originally described by Margaret Ruth Dix and Charles Skinner Hallpike in 1952 (Dix and Hallpike 1952). It is currently suspected to be an inflammatory-mediated insult (damage) to the balance-related nerve (vestibular nerve) between the ear and the brain that manifests with abrupt-onset, severe dizziness that lasts days to weeks, and occasionally recurs. Although vestibular neuritis is usually regarded as a process affecting the vestibular nerve itself, damage restricted to the vestibule (balance components of the inner ear) would manifest clinically in a similar way, and might be termed “vestibulitis,” although that term is seldom applied (Izraeli, Rachmel et al. 1989). Thus, distinguishing between “vestibular neuritis” (inflammation of the vestibular nerve) and “vestibulitis” (inflammation of the balance-related components of the inner ear) would be difficult. §1.2: What is labyrinthitis? Labyrinthitis is currently suspected to be due to an inflammatory-mediated insult (damage) to both the “hearing component” (the cochlea) and the “balance component” (the semicircular canals and otolith organs) of the inner ear (labyrinth) itself. Labyrinthitis is sometimes also termed “vertigo with sudden hearing loss” (Pogson, Taylor et al. 2016, Kim, Choi et al. 2018) – and we will discuss sudden hearing loss further in a moment. Labyrinthitis usually manifests with severe dizziness (similar to vestibular neuritis) accompanied by ear symptoms on one side (typically hearing loss and tinnitus).