COMPREHENSIVE PLAN VILLAGE OF FOX POINT FINAL DRAFT - December 18, 2020 This page intentionally blank ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

We would like to thank the Village Board, Plan Commission, and the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee for the Village of Fox Point. We would like to acknowledge the following people and groups:

Village Board Douglas H. Frazer – Village President Eric Fonstad – Trustee Christine Symchych – Trustee Liz Sumner – Trustee Marty Tirado – Trustee Bill Kravit – Trustee Greg Ollman – Trustee

Plan Commission Douglas H. Frazer – Village President Eric Fonstad – Trustee John Crichton – Commissioner Carol Wilkins – Commissioner Scott Yauck – Commissioner Jay Craig – Commissioner William Langhoff – Commissioner

Comprehensive Plan Special Committee Douglas H. Frazer – Village President Christine Symchych – Trustee Scott Botcher – Village Manager Michael Pedersen – Assistant Village Manager Katie Corcoran – Citizen representative

We would also like to thank the community members who participated in the survey process and provided their insight which helped to inform the content included in this Plan.

Comprehensive Plan prepared by: Vierbicher 600 W. Virginia Street, Suite 601 Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53204 262.875.5000 www.vierbicher.com

Plan adopted by the Village of Fox Point on ______. ©2020 Vierbicher This page intentionally blank CONTENTS Introduction Village History 3 Planning Process 4 Comprehensive Plan Document Organization 6 Chapter 1: Housing Overview 9 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 10 Highlights from Public Online Survey 11 Key Demographics 12 Issues and Opportunities 13 Goals and Recommendations 14 Timing and Implementation 17 Appendix 19 Chapter 2: Economic Development Overview 31 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 32 Highlights from Public Online Survey 33 Key Demographics 34 Issues and Opportunities 35 Goals and Recommendations 36 Timing and Implementation 39 Appendix 41 Chapter 3: Natural and Cultural Resources Overview 51 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 52 Highlights from Public Online Survey 53 Issues and Opportunities 54 Goals and Recommendations 55 Timing and Implementation 59 Appendix 63 Chapter 4: Utilities and Community Facilities Overview 85 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 86 Highlights from Public Online Survey 87 Issues and Opportunities 88 Goals and Recommendations 89 Timing and Implementation 92 Appendix 95 Chapter 5: Transportation Overview 109 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 110 Highlights from Public Online Survey 111 Issues and Opportunities 112 Goals and Recommendations 113 Timing and Implementation 115 Appendix 117 Chapter 6: Land Use Overview 131 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 132 Highlights from Public Online Survey 133 Key Demographics 134 Issues and Opportunities 135 Goals and Recommendations 136 Future Land Use Map 137 Timing and Implementation 139 Appendix 141 Chapter 7: Intergovernmental Cooperation Overview 153 Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 154 Highlights from Public Online Survey 155 Key Demographics 156 Issues and Opportunities 157 Goals and Recommendations 158 Timing and Implementation 161 Appendix 163 Chapter 8: Implementation Overview 175 Regulatory Measures 175 Non-Regulatory Measures 178 Public Participation and Plan Implementation 180

Comprehensive Plan Consistency, 181 Amendments, and Severability

Appendix A: Public Survey Results 183 Appendix B: Community Virtual Workshop Results 205 Appendix C: General Demographic Data 221 This page intentionally blank Introduction

Pg. 3 Village History

Pg. 4 Public Participation

Comprehensive Pg. 6 Plan Document Organization

1 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Introduction 2 Overview Village History

Fox Point is a prosperous community located just north of Milwaukee and bordered by Lake Michigan. Officially incorporated in 1926, the Village is rich with history and takes its name from a Dutch settlement which originates in the area.

Native American Fox Point The first recorded inhabitants of what is now present-day Fox Point included indigenous cultures like the Menominee, Fox, Mascouten, Sauk, Potawatomi, Ojibwe, and Ho-Chunk peoples. In the late 1700s, many of these tribes played pivotal roles in the major European wars taking place in North America, including the French and Indian War and the American Revolution. During the Revolution, many of the tribes in the Greater Milwaukee area allied with Washington’s Continental Army.

European Settlers Arrive Dutch settlers arrived in present-day Fox Point in the 1840s and built a schoolhouse, Dutch Reformed congregation, and cemetery. The Dutch Pioneer Cemetery still stands and is a registered landmark on the Wisconsin Register of Historic Places. Throughout the rest of the late 1800s and the late 1900s waves of new European immigrants, primarily Germans, settled in the area.

Incorporation and Growth The Village was incorporated in 1926 and remained a small community until the mid-1940s. Like many communities across America, Fox Point experienced an economic and population boom following the end of World War II. The population peaked in the 1970s at nearly 8,000, and has remained stable at just under 7,000 people ever since. The community enjoys quaint scenic neighborhoods complete with tree-lined streets, wooded areas, ravines, and picturesque views of Lake Michigan. Residents benefit from excellent schools, parks, beautiful historic homes, local shops and restaurants, and convenient access to downtown Milwaukee. Both Village officials and residents continuously look for ways to keep Fox Point a special place to live and maintain those aspects of the community which reflect its rich past and culture. Residents of the Village understand the importance of welcoming and celebrating diversity in our community.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 3 Introduction Overview Planning Process

As part of maintaining the community’s past and culture, the Village has undertaken a number of planning efforts to prepare itself for new growth and change. One of these efforts is the preparation of a Comprehensive Plan. A Comprehensive Plan is a document which is meant to provide a guide to regulating development, protecting important assets, and preparing policies used as the basis for decision making. The Village recently made the decision to update the Village’s 2009 Comprehensive Plan in early 2019 and prepare a new guiding document. This Comprehensive Plan was prepared with involvement from Village residents, the Plan Commission, the Village Board, a Comprehensive Plan Special Committee, and Village staff. Comprehensive Plans are required to be updated every ten years by Wisconsin State Statute and are also required to address topics like housing, economic development, natural and cultural resources, and land use. This Comprehensive Plan includes updated text, graphics, maps, issues and opportunities, and goals and recommendation. The planning process consisted of the following steps:

Special Committee Formation A committee was formed in order to guide the comprehensive plan process, develop public input workshop content, and review document drafts. The Comprehensive Plan Special Committee consisted of Village Board members, Village staff, and Village residents who met on a regular basis through the planning process. Committee meeting were open to the public and provided opportunity for public input.

Kickoff Meeting A kickoff meeting was held in early 2019 to establish the public participation plan, communication schedule, and project expectations. Attendees reviewed plan objectives, the public participation plan, and the project timeline.

Public Survey A public online survey was prepared in order to gauge public opinion on a number of topics early on in the process. The survey received 719 responses from residents and feedback was used to guide the planning process and inform those planning recommendations contained in this document. Full survey results can be found in Appendix A.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Introduction 4 Document Review The 2009 Comprehensive Plan, as well as other relevant planning documents, were reviewed in order to understand previous planning efforts and to take stock of previous accomplishments. New issues and opportunities were identified and goals and recommendations were developed to address them.

Public Workshops As part of the public engagement strategy, public workshops were held to solicit public input. Multiple special committee meetings were held to plan workshop activities and to review public input. Relevant results of the public workshops are incorporated in each of the plan chapters.

Plan Preparation The final Comprehensive Plan was prepared with input from the public survey, the public workshop, Special Committee input, Village Staff input, and review by the Plan Commission and Village Board.

Plan Commission The draft plan was submitted to the Village Plan Commission for review and to conduct a public hearing. Plan Commission recommendations were sent to the Village Board for adoption.

Village Board Approval The Village Board acted as the final approval body for the plan. The Village Board adopted the Comprehensive Plan.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 5 Introduction Comprehensive Plan Overview Document Organization

This comprehensive plan document is organized as follows: Introduction Chapter 1: Housing Chapter 2: Economic Development Chapter 3: Natural and Cultural Resources Chapter 4: Utilities and Community Facilities Chapter 5: Transportation Chapter 6: Land Use Chapter 7: Intergovernmental Cooperation. Chapter 8: Implementation The State of Wisconsin requires that all comprehensive plans contain nine specific elements, which includes the 8 listed above, plus issues and opportunities sections as part of each chapter. The document also contains appendices with results from the public online survey and community demographics. The appendices are: Appendix A: Public Online Survey Summary Appendix B: Community Virtual Workshop Results Appendix C: General Demographic Data

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Introduction 6 1 | Housing

Pg. 9 Overview Comments and Pg. 10 Ideas from Public Workshop

Highlights from Pg. 11 Online Public Survey

Pg. 12 Key Demographics

Issues and Pg. 13 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 14 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 17 Implementation Pg. 19 Appendix

7 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 8 Overview

Housing continues to be one of the most important aspects of community planning and one of the most defining characteristics of Fox Point. With its charming neighborhoods and location along the Lake Michigan shoreline, Fox Point remains a well sought-after community. As residents continue to respond to ever-changing necessities like home renovations and environmental conservation, the preservation of neighborhood character will continue to be a priority for the Village. Fox Point is a planned community, with a master plan and zoning ordinance dating back to 1927 and as such, the Village was well prepared to meet the building boom of the 1950s. In fact, 44% of all homes in the community were built during this period, most of which are single-family detached dwellings. While many of these post-war boom homes are beautifully maintained, the passage of time has made structural repairs and retrofits necessary for many people. As household composition and needs change, housing renovations continue to be undertaken. Renovations to housing stock include retrofits, teardowns, conversion of houses to provide separate living quarters, and additions to provide additional space. Renovations have the ability to detract from neighborhood character and require continued review by the Village to ensure neighborhood compatibility. Another important housing consideration is the prevalence of new environmental conservation practices and technology. Environmentally-friendly practices include the use of pervious paving, rain gardens, rain barrels, and other property and building enhancements meant to address stormwater runoff. Environmental technology can include both ground-mounted and roof-mounted solar panels, solar shingles, and wind turbines. Environmental conservation and technology retrofits must be respectful of neighborhood character and require review by the Village as they are installed. Finally, the Village has apartments, assisted living, and other multi-family developments along Port Washington Road. As these properties age and as other properties become viable for replacement, new developments should maintain a high standard of design and be carefully reviewed for adjacent neighborhood compatibility. Fox Point is a desirable community in which to live and raise a family. This chapter recognizes the aspects of the community’s housing that are already valued by residents, while also seeking solutions to ongoing challenges. The goals and recommendations in this chapter are intended to guide the community in addressing housing and community character.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 9 Chapter 1 | Housing CommentsComments andand Ideas Ideas fromfrom Public Public WorkshopWorkshop #1 #1

An initialA public workshopworkshop was was held atheld Village at VillageHall on January Hall on 16, 2020.January The workshop 16, 2020. included This a presentationworkshop on includedthe general a plan process,presentation key demographic on the changes,general and preliminary plan process, goals key and recommendations related demographic changes, to economic development. The public andwas invitedpreliminary to post goals their commentsand andrecommendations ideas and ask questionsrelated of the to Comprehensive housing. The Plan Specialpublic Committee. was invited The to post followingtheir is acomments summary of and their ideas input. and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The following is a summary of their input and sample comments.

Public Comments and Ideas

• Love the goal around supporting retrofits! • Occupancy permit process has been • Need more vigorous enforcement of inconsistent/arbitrary. New inspector is maintenance code violations. much improved. Would like to see mixed use or mixed income housing options. • Invitation to support education about retrofit options for energy efficiency in • How to balance aging in place with current housing stock. upkeep of home. • Building Board needs structure and • As housing stock ages, it becomes more documentation. A single project may see common to tear down and replace. Does several groups of individual members with current building code maintain character no carryover from one to the next. & quality? • There should be documentation of citizen • Increase efficiency within the permit comments and input for the Building office, specifically Village engineering. Board? • Consider adding a citizen member (no • Teardowns and rebuilding are a natural architect or contractor) to Building Board. process of improving a community and increasing value - support this.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 10 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including housing. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. Highlights from the survey include 75% of respondents agreeing the Village should do more to ensure residential properties are properly maintained and be more proactive in addressing deteriorating properties. The survey also showed 56% of respondents do not agree the Village should welcome a greater mix of housing types, such as apartments and townhouses. As the needs of residents changes, the need for retrofits and renovations to existing housing will continue to increase. The need for retrofits will also increase if additional housing types are not to be encouraged more than is currently allowed by existing zoning. In addition, due to rising costs and other factors, some properties may not be able to be maintained to a high standard. The Village will have to have a balanced response to changing housing needs and conditions and the strong desire of survey respondents to ensure properties are properly maintained.

The Village should welcome a greater mix of housing types, Fox Point should do more to ensure residential properties including apartments, condos, row houses, townhouses, and are properly maintained and be more proactive in single-family detached houses. addressing deteriorating properties. Strongly 41% Agree Strongly Agree 8%

Somewhat Somewhat 34% 19% Agree Agree Neither Neither Agree Agree nor 17% 16% nor Disagree Disagree

Somewhat Somewhat 5% 26% Disagree Disagree

Strongly Strongly 3% 30% Disagree Disagree

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 11 Chapter 1 | Housing Key Demographics Village demographics were updated to reflect changes in the community since 2010 and to compare Fox Point to the surrounding North Shore communities as well as Milwaukee County. Additional housing information can be found at the end of this chapter and additional demographics can be found in Appendix B. Fox Point has a housing stock primarily built from 1950 to 1959. These homes are generally single-family and located in primarily residential neighborhoods. Twenty-four percent of these were built from 1960 to 1979. However, due to limited availability of land, very few homes have been built since 1980. Due to the lack of developable land, the desirability of living in Village, and higher incomes, home prices are fairly high. The median home value is $316,600, compared to $150,300 for Milwaukee County. Fifty-two percent of homes in the Village are valued by the Census to be in the $200,000 to $399,000 value brackets, while 32% are valued at $400,000 or higher.

Fox Point Year Home Built Fox Point Home Values

Less than $50,000 Built 2014 or later 0.45% 0.51% $50,000 to $99,999 2.65% Built 2010 to 2013 0.65% $100,000 to $149,000 2.65% Built 2000 to 2009 2.44% $150,000 to $199,000 8.51% Built 1990 to 1999 2.37% $200,000 to $249,000 16.34% Built 1980 to 1989 2.40% $250,000 to $299,000 15.83% Built 1970 to 1979 11.75% $300,000 to $399,000 21.09% Built 1960 to 1969 12.23% $400,000 to $499,000 11.12% Built 1950 to 1959 43.90% $500,000 to $749,000 11.16% Built 1940 to 1949 13.53% $750,000 + 10.14% Built 1939 or earlier 10.27% Source:2017 ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% Source: 2017 ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 12 Issues and Issues 1. There needs to be continued and consistent enforcement of the building and zoning codes to Opportunities ensure residential properties are maintained in a timely manner. Issues and opportunities were 2. The Building Board needs better documentation of derived from input gathered comments, consistency of review, and more citizen during the public workshops representation. and the online survey. Issues and opportunities were also 3. Retrofits and replacement of homes which derived from the analysis of accommodate aging in place needs continued relevant data as well as input support. from the Comprehensive 4. Greater utilization of native vegetation and other Plan Special Committee. environmentally beneficial practices are needed by A list of relevant issues residents to control pesticide use, stormwater runoff, and opportunities derived and erosion. from these sources is listed here and were used as a 5. Energy efficient retrofits should be encouraged, but also need to sensitive to residential character and guide to form the goals and recommendations in appearance. this chapter and were also Opportunities used as guidance on the prioritization of those goals. 1. The Village could sponsor or support a program to educate residents about energy efficient retrofits and environmentally friendly landscaping for their home.

2. The Building Board could have more non-building- trade professionals on the Board and ensure resident comments are consistently taken into account when decisions are made.

3. The Village and the Building Board should be sure to take aging in place needs when retrofits or teardowns and rebuilds are reviewed.

4. The Village should strive to continue to increase efficiency regarding permitting, engineering review, and building inspection.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 13 Chapter 1 | Housing Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

Recommendations:

1. Encourage timely and proper maintenance of residences.

2. Encourage the use of consistent materials between 1 the old and new parts of the structure when renovating an existing home.

3. Continue to utilize the Building Board to review the architectural compatibility of new construction and renovations in order to ensure exterior appeal and functional plans will not cause substantial Goal 1: Support depreciation of neighborhood property values. and encourage the maintenance and 4. Continue to ensure the Building Board has a diverse membership which represents Village residents and upkeep of housing at a provides consistent support and review of resident high standard. housing projects.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 14 2

Goal 2: Support “aging Recommendations: in place” options within the Village. 1. Continue to provide adequate housing choices that allow residents to remain in the Village despite changes in household size, income, mobility, or ability to perform household maintenance.

2. Continue to balance the need for a high level of aesthetic appearance with the need for some residents to retrofit housing for “aging in place” during Building Board review.

Recommendations:

1. Support the use of landscaping techniques which filter stormwater runoff and/or enhance groundwater recharge, such as rain gardens and native landscaping, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh 3 Coast Guardians.

2. Support the use of rain barrels to collect downspout Goal 3: Support drainage for non potable uses, including landscape irrigation. residential property owners to utilize best 3. Support the use of native landscaping techniques practices which which minimize pesticide use, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians. establish and maintain native vegetation 4. Sponsor or support programs or workshops which landscaping and provide environmentally friendly landscaping improve stormwater technique education for Village residents. management.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 15 Chapter 1 | Housing 4

Goal 4: Support retrofits to the existing Recommendations: housing stock which 1. Gather public input to develop Village policies enhance energy regarding renewable energy sources, such as efficiency and solar panels, which balance the maintenance of utilize renewable neighborhood aesthetics with a desire to reduce fossil materials, providing fuel use. the changes remain 2. Sponsor or support programs or workshops which sensitive to the provide energy efficient retrofit education for Village residential character residents. of the Village.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 16 Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

Goal 1 Support and encourage the maintenance and upkeep of housing at a high standard.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Encourage timely and proper maintenance of residences. Ongoing

2. Encourage the use of consistent materials between the old and new parts of the structure when renovating an existing home. Ongoing

3. Continue to utilize the Building Board to review the architectural compatibility of new construction and renovations in order to ensure exterior appeal and functional plans will not cause substantial depreciation of neighborhood property values. Ongoing

4. Continue to ensure the Building Board has a diverse membership which represents Village residents and provides consistent support and review of resident housing projects. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 17 Chapter 1 | Housing Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Support “aging in place” options within the Village.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Consider the implementation of design guidelines or form based zoning to ensure that redevelopment takes into account issues of architectural compatibility, building scale, signage compatibility, landscaping, parking, and neighborhood connectivity. Long-Term

2. Continue to balance the need for a high level of aesthetic appearance with the need for some residents to retrofit housing for “aging in place” during Building Board review.Ongoing

Goal 3 Support residential property owners to utilize best practices which establish and maintain native vegetation landscaping and improve stormwater management.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Support the use of landscaping techniques which filter stormwater runoff and/or enhance groundwater recharge, such as rain gardens and native landscaping, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians. Ongoing

2. Support the use of rain barrels to collect downspout drainage for non potable uses, including landscape irrigation. Ongoing

3. Support the use of native landscaping techniques which minimize pesticide use, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians. Ongoing

4. Sponsor or support programs or workshops which provide environmentally friendly landscaping technique education for Village residents. Short-Term

Goal 4 Ensure adequate size, functionality, and accessibility for Village facilities.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Gather public input to develop Village policies regarding renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, which balance the maintenance of neighborhood aesthetics with a desire to reduce fossil fuel use. Ongoing 2. Sponsor or support programs or workshops which provide energy efficient retrofit education for Village residents. Short-Term

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 18 1 | Appendix

Housing Occupancy Pg. 21 and Composition

Pg. 23 Housing Age and Value

Change in Housing Pg. 25 Indicators and Affordability

Housing Demand Pg. 27 and Senior Housing

19 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 1 | Housing 20 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to housing. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. Housing Occupancy and Composition Housing Occupancy and Tenure Figure HS-1 shows the total housing units for Fox Point and the surrounding communities. Occupied, vacant, owner-occupied, and renter-occupied units are also included. Additionally, Figure HS-1 shows the average household size for all housing units as well as for owner and renter-occupied units. Figure HS-2 shows occupied, vacant, owner, and renter units as a percentage of total units. The Village of Fox Point contains 2,911 housing units, 95.4% of which are occupied with the remaining 4.6% vacant. Typically, the North Shore suburbs have higher occupancy rates than Milwaukee County and Southeastern Wisconsin. Occupancy rates in the North Shore suburbs ranged from a low of 92.25% in Glendale to a high of 96.74% in Whitefish Bay, compared to a rate of 91.39% in Milwaukee County and 91.78% in Southeastern Wisconsin. In Fox Point, 84.19% of all housing units are owner-occupied, compared to only 49.65% in Milwaukee County and 61.8% in Southeastern Wisconsin. Other North Shore suburbs also have a rate of homeownership that is much higher than Milwaukee County, ranging from 66.44% in Brown Deer to 97.19% in River Hills. Figure HS-1: Total Housing Units and Average Household Size

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units 418,013 879,252 2,911 1,875 5,696 6,102 610 6,344 5,405 Occupied 382,027 806,995 2,777 1,809 5,429 5,629 570 6,016 5,229 Vacant 35,986 72,257 134 66 267 473 40 328 176 Owner occupied 189,686 498,721 2,338 1,449 3,607 3,885 554 2,747 4,281 Renter occupied 192,341 308,274 439 360 1,822 1,744 16 3,269 948 Average HH Size 2.44 - 2.34 2.44 2.21 2.22 2.73 2.22 2.7 Owner occupied 2.58 - 2.48 2.67 2.32 2.39 2.74 2.59 2.8 Renter occupied 2.31 - 1.56 1.51 2 1.82 2.44 1.91 2.21 Source: 2017 ACS

Figure HS-2: Housing Tenure by Percentage of Total Units

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units Occupied 91.39% 91.78% 95.40% 96.48% 95.31% 92.25% 93.44% 94.83% 96.74% Vacant 8.61% 8.22% 4.60% 3.52% 4.69% 7.75% 6.56% 5.17% 3.26% Owner occupied 49.65% 61.80% 84.19% 80.10% 66.44% 69.02% 97.19% 45.66% 81.87% Renter occupied 50.35% 38.20% 15.81% 19.90% 33.56% 30.98% 2.81% 54.34% 18.13% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 21

Housing Composition Figure HS-3 shows the number of units per structure for Fox Point and surrounding communities. Figure HS-4 shows the number of units per structure as a percentage of the total number of structures. In Fox Point, 83.17% of all housing units are single-family houses, 1.75% are duplex units, and 14.84% are multi-family units. This composition of housing is typical among several of the North Shore suburbs. Brown Deer and Glendale have lower percentages of single-family housing units, 58.64%, and 58.51% respectively. Shorewood has a much lower percentage of single-family homes, 37.39%, and a much higher percentage of duplex units 23.85%. By comparison, only 45.79% of the housing units in Milwaukee County are single-family units, with 22.21% duplex units, and 31.43% multifamily units. In Southeastern Wisconsin 58.1% of housing units are single-family units, with 15.91% duplex units, and 24.95% multi-family units. Figure HS-3: Number of Housing Units per Structure

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units 418,013 879,252 2,911 1,875 5,696 6,102 610 6,344 5,405 1, detached 191,410 510,810 2,421 1,457 3,340 3,570 608 2,372 4,367 1, attached 23,854 48,784 40 96 167 277 0 282 236 2 68,982 91,559 11 21 121 160 0 1,231 113 3 or 4 26,383 41,678 0 0 97 385 0 309 197 5 to 9 27,140 52,433 11 0 354 301 0 425 115 10 to 19 17,206 32,877 97 54 373 209 0 375 242 20 to 49 27,458 45,240 129 182 554 563 0 665 122 50 or more 33,215 47,153 195 65 675 637 0 658 13 Mobile home 2,315 8,601 7 0 15 0 2 27 0 Boat, RV, van, etc. 50 117 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Source: 2017 ACS

Figure HS-4: Number of Units per Structure as a Percentage of Total Units

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units 1, detached 45.79% 58.10% 83.17% 77.71% 58.64% 58.51% 99.67% 37.39% 80.80% 1, attached 5.71% 5.55% 1.37% 5.12% 2.93% 4.54% 0.00% 4.45% 4.37% 2 16.50% 10.41% 0.38% 1.12% 2.12% 2.62% 0.00% 19.40% 2.09% 3 or 4 6.31% 4.74% 0.00% 0.00% 1.70% 6.31% 0.00% 4.87% 3.64% 5 to 9 6.49% 5.96% 0.38% 0.00% 6.21% 4.93% 0.00% 6.70% 2.13% 10 to 19 4.12% 3.74% 3.33% 2.88% 6.55% 3.43% 0.00% 5.91% 4.48% 20 to 49 6.57% 5.15% 4.43% 9.71% 9.73% 9.23% 0.00% 10.48% 2.26% 50 or more 7.95% 5.36% 6.70% 3.47% 11.85% 10.44% 0.00% 10.37% 0.24% Mobile home 0.55% 0.98% 0.24% 0.00% 0.26% 0.00% 0.33% 0.43% 0.00% Boat, RV, van, etc. 0.01% 0.01% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 22

Housing Age and Value Housing Age The age profile of housing in the Village of Fox Point is somewhat unique among its neighbors and when compared to Milwaukee County as a whole. Partly due to its beginning as a planned community, Fox Point’s housing development is weighted heavily on one decade. Figure HS-5 shows the number of housing units built by decade for Fox Point and surrounding communities. Figure HS-6 shows the percentage of housing units by decade as compared to the total number of units. After the original planned community was established, Fox Point saw the construction of 43.9% of its housing stock built within that decade. Most of the remainder of the housing was built prior to 1950 or between 1960 and 1979. Only 8.31% of the housing stock in 2017 were built since 1980. Whitefish Bay and Shorewood both have a comparable lack of newer housing while other North Shore communities have seen more housing built in recent decades. This indicates a potential need for continued renovations and rehabilitation of the existing housing stock in Fox Point. This could also represent an opportunity to support energy-efficient and environmentally conscious housing upgrades. Figure HS-5: Number of Housing Units Built by Decade

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units 418,013 879,252 2,911 1,875 5,696 6,102 610 6,344 5,405 Built 2014 or later 813 3,330 13 0 0 0 0 35 18 Built 2010 to 2013 3,530 9,694 19 0 78 0 10 34 5 Built 2000 to 2009 20,003 82,760 71 78 259 407 32 34 98 Built 1990 to 1999 22,822 102,178 69 131 391 504 72 96 39 Built 1980 to 1989 23,035 70,342 70 235 630 648 79 304 45 Built 1970 to 1979 43,230 116,273 342 232 1,374 904 88 596 284 Built 1960 to 1969 47,819 99,393 356 427 1,172 1,231 104 524 199 Built 1950 to 1959 87,663 141,590 1,278 596 1,433 1,508 109 730 1,146 Built 1940 to 1949 40,399 60,229 394 83 117 367 15 583 1,277 Built 1939 or earlier 128,699 193,463 299 93 242 533 101 3,408 2,294 Source: 2017 ACS

Figure HS-6: Percentage of Total Housing Units Built by Decade

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Housing Units Built 2014 or later 0.19% 0.38% 0.45% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.00% 0.55% 0.33% Built 2010 to 2013 0.84% 1.10% 0.65% 0.00% 1.37% 0.00% 1.64% 0.54% 0.09% Built 2000 to 2009 4.79% 9.41% 2.44% 4.16% 4.55% 6.67% 5.25% 0.54% 1.81% Built 1990 to 1999 5.46% 11.62% 2.37% 6.99% 6.86% 8.26% 11.80% 1.51% 0.72% Built 1980 to 1989 5.51% 8.00% 2.40% 12.53% 11.06% 10.62% 12.95% 4.79% 0.83% Built 1970 to 1979 10.34% 13.22% 11.75% 12.37% 24.12% 14.81% 14.43% 9.39% 5.25% Built 1960 to 1969 11.44% 11.30% 12.23% 22.77% 20.58% 20.17% 17.05% 8.26% 3.68% Built 1950 to 1959 20.97% 16.10% 43.90% 31.79% 25.16% 24.71% 17.87% 11.51% 21.20% Built 1940 to 1949 9.66% 6.85% 13.53% 4.43% 2.05% 6.01% 2.46% 9.19% 23.63% Built 1939 or earlier 30.79% 22.00% 10.27% 4.96% 4.25% 8.73% 16.56% 53.72% 42.44% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 23

Housing Value Housing value in the Village of Fox Point mirror those of other North Shore suburbs, which tend to be very high compared to the rest of the metropolitan area. Figure HS-7 shows housing value by value interval and the median home value for Fox Point and surrounding community properties. Figure HS-8 shows the percentage of homes in each value bracket for Fox Point and all surrounding communities. In Fox Point, 94.18% of all owner-occupied housing units are valued at $150,000 or more and 21.3% are valued at over $500,000. In Milwaukee County, just 50.17% of owner-occupied housing units are valued at $150,000 or more, with only 2.96% valued at over $500,000. While the median value of owner-occupied housing in the north shore suburbs varies considerably, from $151,200 in Brown Deer to $632,400 in River Hills, in all cases the median value is higher than in Milwaukee County at $150,300. The median value in the Village of Fox Point is $316,600. Figure HS-7: Number of Units by Housing Value Bracket

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Owner Occupied Units 189,686 498,721 2,338 1,449 3,607 3,885 554 2,747 4,281 Less than $50,000 12,442 22,751 12 4 313 159 7 69 57 $50,000 to $99,999 34,016 53,556 62 0 285 176 0 44 34 $100,000 to $149,000 48,063 90,243 62 41 1,168 564 11 169 178 $150,000 to $199,000 40,377 99,110 199 72 1,216 822 22 145 237 $200,000 to $249,000 21,526 74,060 382 158 396 923 28 288 558 $250,000 to $299,000 12,305 53,994 370 316 179 559 39 407 440 $300,000 to $399,000 11,468 55,084 493 324 14 513 30 816 972 $400,000 to $499,000 3,876 22,329 260 282 0 72 68 285 683 $500,000 to $749,000 3,611 18,009 261 216 18 76 136 337 750 $750,000 + 2,002 9,585 237 36 18 21 213 187 372 Median Value $150,300 $316,600 $341,200 $151,200 $212,000 $632,400 $330,800 $365,500 Source: 2017 ACS

Figure HS-8: Percentage of Total Housing Units by Housing Value Bracket

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Owner Occupied Units Less than $50,000 6.56% 4.56% 0.51% 0.28% 8.68% 4.09% 1.26% 2.51% 1.33% $50,000 to $99,999 17.93% 10.74% 2.65% 0.00% 7.90% 4.53% 0.00% 1.60% 0.79% $100,000 to $149,000 25.34% 18.09% 2.65% 2.83% 32.38% 14.52% 1.99% 6.15% 4.16% $150,000 to $199,000 21.29% 19.87% 8.51% 4.97% 33.71% 21.16% 3.97% 5.28% 5.54% $200,000 to $249,000 11.35% 14.85% 16.34% 10.90% 10.98% 23.76% 5.05% 10.48% 13.03% $250,000 to $299,000 6.49% 10.83% 15.83% 21.81% 4.96% 14.39% 7.04% 14.82% 10.28% $300,000 to $399,000 6.05% 11.05% 21.09% 22.36% 0.39% 13.20% 5.42% 29.71% 22.70% $400,000 to $499,000 2.04% 4.48% 11.12% 19.46% 0.00% 1.85% 12.27% 10.37% 15.95% $500,000 to $749,000 1.90% 3.61% 11.16% 14.91% 0.50% 1.96% 24.55% 12.27% 17.52% $750,000 + 1.06% 1.92% 10.14% 2.48% 0.50% 0.54% 38.45% 6.81% 8.69% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 24

Change in Housing Indicators and Affordability Change in Housing Indicators Figure HS-9 shows changes in total housing units, median housing value, median gross rent, and median household income from 2012 to 2017. Figure HS-10 shows the percentage change of those estimates from 2012 to 2017. The Village of Fox Point had 0.17% fewer housing units in 2017 than in 2012. The Village of Brown Deer was the only North Shore suburb to gain housing units in that span. Milwaukee County had a 0.12% increase in housing units, while Southeastern Wisconsin had a 0.85% increase. The median housing value in Fox Point increased from $292,400 in 2012 to $316,600 in 2017, an 8.28% increase. This increase is similar to the increase in the Village of Bayside, but middle-of-the- range compared to other North Shore communities. Those increases range from a 9.3% decline in the Village of Brown Deer to a 14.58% increase in Shorewood. Milwaukee County as a whole experienced a 7.73% decline in median housing value. Figure HS-9: Change in Housing Indicators (2012-2017)

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Total Housing Units 2012 417,504 871,830 2,916 1,880 5,642 6,139 633 6,759 5,523 2017 418,013 879,252 2,911 1,875 5,696 6,102 610 6,344 5,405 Median value 2012 $162,900 - $292,400 $315,900 $166,700 $210,400 $656,900 $288,700 $319,400 2017 $150,300 - $316,600 $341,200 $151,200 $212,000 $632,400 $330,800 $365,500 Median Gross Rent 2012 $786 - $1,165 $1,208 $882 $1,019 - $789 $1,073 2017 $844 - $1,193 $1,278 $920 $1,011 $1,583 $948 $1,238 Median HH Income 2012 $43,599 - $102,552 $91,000 $54,362 $59,090 $193,438 $61,740 $106,699 2017 $46,784 - $118,281 $99,125 $61,225 $65,992 $156,944 $68,306 $111,069 Source: 2012 & 2017 ACS

Figure HS-10: Percentage Change in Housing Indicators (2012-2017)

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Total Housing Units 2012 2017 0.12% 0.85% -0.17% -0.27% 0.96% -0.60% -3.63% -6.14% -2.14% Median value 2012 2017 -7.73% - 8.28% 8.01% -9.30% 0.76% -3.73% 14.58% 14.43% Median Gross Rent 2012 2017 7.38% - 2.40% 5.79% 4.31% -0.79% - 20.15% 15.38% Median HH Income 2012 2017 7.31% - 15.34% 8.93% 12.62% 11.68% -18.87% 10.63% 4.10% Source: 2012 & 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 25 The median gross rent, not including the cost of utilities, increased in Fox Point from $1,165 in 2012 to $1,193 in 2017. With the exception of Glendale, the median gross rent increased in all of the North Shore suburbs. The median gross rent in Milwaukee County increased by 7.38%. The median income in Fox Point was $102,552 in 2012 and $118,281 in 2017. This represents a 15.54% increase, the highest of all the north shore communities. Only the Village of River Hills experience a drop in median income of 18.87%. In Fox Point, adjusted home values between 2012 and 2017 increased at a rate of 8.28%, and adjusted median gross rent values increased by 2.4%, while adjusted median household income increased by 15.34%. These data indicate incomes are keeping up with increases in the cost of housing and that the changing needs of seniors and others for different housing choices are more concerning than housing cost. Housing Affordability The U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development defines housing affordability as households “paying no more than 30 percent of their income for housing”. Households that pay more than 30 percent of their monthly income for housing are considered to have a high-cost burden. The American Community Survey offers data regarding the number of households, with and without a mortgage, which spend more or less than 30% of their income on housing. Figure HS-11 shows the number of households by percentage of income spent for the years 2012 and 2017. Figure HS-12 shows the percentage change of those households during that period. The number of Fox Point households with a mortgage increased by 12.11%, the highest increase in the North Shore area. In that span, the number of households spending less than 30% of their income on housing increased by 16.14%, while the number spending more than 30% increased by only 1.3%. However, the data for households without a mortgage shows opposite trends. Figure HS-11: Change in Housing Units by Mortgage and Cost Burden Status

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Total 2012 197,164 504,286 2,297 1,429 3,407 4,025 561 3,210 4,438 2017 189,686 498,721 2,338 1449 3,607 3,885 554 2,747 4,281 Housing units with a mortgage 2012 139,050 357,842 1,429 984 2,523 2,562 352 2,378 3,179 2017 127,220 337,785 1,602 923 2,508 2,492 359 1,936 2,994 <30% of Income on Mortgage 2012 85,686 231,421 1,035 682 1,798 1,650 222 1,520 2,408 2017 87,428 244,353 1,202 661 1,840 1,755 195 1,423 2,273 >30% of Income on Mortgage 2012 52,766 125,377 384 302 698 912 124 858 760 2017 39,053 92,210 389 262 668 737 160 513 698 Housing units without a mortgage 2012 58,114 146,444 868 445 884 1,463 209 832 1,259 2017 62,466 160,936 736 526 1,099 1,393 195 811 1,287 <30% of Income on Housing 2012 45,297 118,409 624 344 721 1,106 186 715 1,015 2017 50,279 133,469 584 362 1,003 1,085 148 679 1,003 >30% of Income on Housing 2012 12,245 26,860 236 91 145 304 20 107 244 2017 11,404 25,895 143 158 96 296 47 132 276 Source: 2012 & 2017 ACS

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 26

The number of Fox Point households without a mortgage decreased by 15.21% between 2012 and 2017. Over that same time frame, the number of households without a mortgage who spent less than 30% of their income on housing decreased by 6.41%, while the number spending more than 30% decreased by 39.41%. These numbers are likely an indicator of sales activity in Fox Point, with those who have paid off their home selling to those taking out a mortgage. They likely also include seniors and retirees moving, which could be an indicator that more housing options for seniors are needed to accommodate those wishing to sell but remain in Fox Point. Figure HS-12: Percentage Change in Housing Units by Mortgage and Cost Burden Status

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay

Total 2012 2017 -3.79% -1.10% 1.78% 1.40% 5.87% -3.48% -1.25% -14.42% -3.54% Housing units with a mortgage 2012 2017 -8.51% -5.60% 12.11% -6.20% -0.59% -2.73% 1.99% -18.59% -5.82% <30% of Income on Mortgage 2012 2017 2.03% 5.59% 16.14% -3.08% 2.34% 6.36% -12.16% -6.38% -5.61% >30% of Income on Mortgage 2012 2017 -25.99% -26.45% 1.30% -13.25% -4.30% -19.19% 29.03% -40.21% -8.16% Housing units without a mortgage 2012 2017 7.49% 9.90% -15.21% 18.20% 24.32% -4.78% -6.70% -2.52% 2.22% <30% of Income on Housing 2012 2017 11.00% 12.72% -6.41% 5.23% 39.11% -1.90% -20.43% -5.03% -1.18% >30% of Income on Housing 2012 2017 -6.87% -3.59% -39.41% 73.63% -33.79% -2.63% 135.00% 23.36% 13.11% Source: 2012 & 2017 ACS

Housing Demand and Senior Housing Housing Demand Population projections prepared by the Wisconsin Department of Administration predict that by 2030, the number of households in the Village of Fox Point will decrease to 2,730, as shown in Figure HS-13. However, by 2040, the number of households will have increased slightly to 2,736. Essentially, the number of households and corresponding occupied housing units will remain stable through future decades. The number of households in Milwaukee County, by contrast, is expected to steadily increase through 2040. Changes in the types of housing needed can be expected. This potential demand for change in housing type may come from the needs of seniors, declining household sizes, and the availability of sustainable housing adaptation.

Figure HS-13: Household Estimates (2017-2040)

Milwaukee County Village of Fox Point Estimate/ % Estimate/ % Change Change Projection Change Projection Change 2017 382,027 - - 2,777 - - 2020 405,741 23,714 6.21% 2,781 4 0.14% 2025 409,792 4,051 1.00% 2,745 - 36 -1.29% 2030 416,403 6,611 1.61% 2,730 - 15 -0.55% 2035 429,676 13,273 3.19% 2,748 18 0.66% 2040 437,854 8,178 1.90% 2,736 - 12 -0.44% Source: 2017 ACS/WI DOA

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 27 Senior Housing Age distribution and household sizes in Fox Point have important implications for planning and the formation of housing policies. Figure HS-14 shows the median age of the local population and the average household size estimates for 2017, as well as projections for 2020 through 2040. Figure HS-14 shows that in 2017, median age was 46.2 years. This number is expected to increase to 47.17 by 2020, 50.22 by 2030, and 53.42 by 2040. Figure HS-14 also shows average household size in 2017 was 2.34 persons. This number is expected to decrease to 2.29 by 2020, to 2.25 by 2030, and 2.21 by 2040. The combination of an aging population and resultant decreases in average household size show a potential demand for housing reflective of senior needs. Figure HS-14: Median Age and Average Household Size (2017-2040)

Median Age Ave. Houshold Size

Estimate/ % Estimate/ % Change Change Projection Change Projection Change 2017 46.20 - - 2.34 - - 2020 47.17 0.97 2.09% 2.29 -0.05 -2.08% 2025 48.69 1.53 3.24% 2.27 -0.02 -0.76% 2030 50.22 1.53 3.13% 2.25 -0.02 -1.05% 2035 51.79 1.57 3.13% 2.23 -0.02 -0.77% 2040 53.42 1.62 3.13% 2.21 -0.02 -0.84% Source: 2017 ACS/WI DOA/Vierbicher

Chapter 1 | Housing - Appendix 28

2 | Economic Development

Pg. 31 Overview

Comments and Pg. 32 Ideas from Public Workshop#1

Highlights from Pg. 33 Online Public Survey

Pg. 34 Key Demographics

Issues and Pg. 35 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 36 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 39 Implementation

Pg. 41 Appendix

29 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 30 Overview

Fox Point is primarily residential in character with some commercial retail and service businesses located within the Village. There are few opportunities for additional commercial development as there is little vacant land and few vacant buildings. Business centers and office buildings are not present in the Village and most working residents work outside of the Village. There are three shopping centers within Village limits which serve local residents. The Fox Point Shops shopping center is located at the corner of North Santa Monica Boulevard and Green Tree Road and includes personal services, a bicycle store, and a restaurant. River Point Village and Audubon Court are located at the corner of North Port Washington Road and East Brown Deer Road. These shopping centers offer big box retail, restaurants, drug stores, and more. Other commercial retail and service businesses are situated along West Brown Deer and along North Port Washington Road. Public input into the planning process indicated a desire to see more restaurants, coffee shops, and other specialized retail in the Village. Family restaurants with local fresh food were voiced as a preference. Public input also expressed a desire for more boutique, art, and high-end clothing shops which provide alternatives to typical retail. Public input also indicated a desire for more socializing opportunities at local shopping centers and retail along Port Washington Road. The Village has little control over the types of tenants which occupy retail space; however, there is the potential to work with business owners and community groups to sponsor activities which may help to bring more activity and community events to shopping centers. Additional opportunties to focus on economic and commercial activity include promoting the Village as a destination and installing more Village branding along commercial corridors. Another focus could be to regulate a high standard of design for the redevelopment of Port Washington Road. This road has a few vacant buildings which could be renovated or replaced in order to improve the appearance of this corridor. Finally, improved multi-modal transportation infrastructure such as sidewalks, trails, and bike lanes can help connect neighborhoods to local businesses and create more integrated commercial corridors where residents can more easily walk or bike to their favorite spots.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 31 Chapter 2 | Economic Development CommentsComments andand Ideas Ideas fromfrom Public Public WorkshopWorkshop #1 #1

An initialA public workshopworkshop was was held atheld Village at VillageHall on January Hall on 16, 2020.January The workshop 16, 2020. included The a presentationworkshop on includedthe general a plan process,presentation key demographic on the changes,general and preliminary plan process, goals key and recommendations related demographic changes, to economic development. The public andwas invitedpreliminary to post goals their and commentsrecommendations and ideas and ask related questionsto economicof the Comprehensive development. Plan SpecialThe public Committee. was invited The to followingpost is atheir summary comments of their and input. ideas and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The following is a summary of their input and sample comments.

Public Comments and Ideas • Would like to see a couple of local restaurants, coffee shops, places to ride a bike and walk.

• Does anyone monitor the current usage of commercial entities to make sure they meet community standards?

• Restaurants, community gathering places, coffee.

• More community events or support of them.

• Places for different generations to gather.

• Goal around commercial development that facilitates community gathering?

• Coffee shop, diner, family restaurant.

• Support economic development consistent with our values that can drive increased tax income.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 32 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including economic development. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. The survey included questions regarding the desired type of commercial retail options. When asked about specific types of local retail options, most responds were for boutique, art, antique, and high-end clothing shops, as well as a grocery store. When asked about restaurants, most wanted to see more coffee shops and independent and family-type restaurants. While the Village does not have direct control over the types of tenants which may locate in Fox Point, these survey results are a good source of data for those doing market research and for those who are thinking about locating their business in the Village.

What types of local retail options would you like to see more of in the Village?

None 93 What types of restaurants would you like to see more of in Miscellaneous 17 Fox Point? Anything 38 Café 9 None 26 Bakery 17 Any 45 Butcher 4 Tavern, Brewery, Wine Bars 57 Liquor 4 Chain, Fast Food, Takeout 29 Coffee Shop 22 Coffee Shops, Deli, Diner, Breakfast 127 Restaurant, Bar, Brewery, Wine 27 Boutique, Art, Antiques 83 Affordable 11 Grocery Store 64 Ethnic 50 Pawn Shop 2 Independent 152 Mail Services 2 Baker 19 Bookstore 11 Butcher 1 Convenience and Health 13 Family Style, Sit-Down 140 Gas Station 7 Healthy 20 Sporting Goods 7 Upscale 41 Hardware or Home Goods 10 Casual 58 High End Clothing 24 Business Offices 3 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 Movie Theater 1 0 20 40 60 80 100

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 33 Chapter 2 | Economic Development Key Demographics Village demographics were updated to reflect changes in the community since 2010 and to compare Fox Point to the surrounding North Shore communities as well as Milwaukee County. Additional information related to economic development can be found at the end of this Chapter and additional demographics can be found in Appendix B. Key Village demographics related to economic development show Fox Point to be a prosperous community. The Village is primarily residential with a few commercial properties. The Village has a highly skilled and well- educated workforce. Ninety-eight percent of persons age 25 and older in the Village have received a high school degree or higher and 70% possess a college degree. Overall, the Village has high household incomes. The highest percentage of households, 22.2%, is in the “$200,000 or more” income bracket, closely followed by 20.8% in the “$100,000 to $149,000” bracket. Having a high median household income is a major factor in attracting retail and service businesses. Additionally, the Village has convenient access to major transportation arterials like I-43. These factors should allow Fox Point to continue to retain and attract commercial retail and service opportunities.

Fox Point Educational Attainment Fox Point Income

Less than $10,000 2.8% Less than 9th grade 0.87% $10,000 to $14,999 2.6% 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 0.77% $15,000 to $24,999 4.2%

High school graduate 8.64% $25,000 to $34,999 4.4% $35,000 to $49,999 6.2% Some college, no degree 11.07% $50,000 to $74,999 10.8%

Associate's degree 2.83% $75,000 to $99,999 11.7% $100,000 to $149,999 20.8% Bachelor's degree 39.25% $150,000 to $199,999 14.2% Graduate or professional 36.57% degree $200,000 or more 22.2%

Source: 2017 ACS 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% Source: 2017 ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 34 Issues and Issues 1. There are not enough community events and Opportunities festivals. 2. Existing shopping areas do not facilitate or Issues and opportunities were encourage community gathering as much as they could. derived from input gathered during the public workshops 3. Current shopping areas are not as walkable or bike- and the online survey. Issues friendly as they could be. and opportunities were also derived from the analysis of 4. Some vacant or abandoned properties, particularly along Port Washington Road, can be considered relevant data as well as input visually unattractive and not up to higher Fox Point from the Comprehensive standards. Plan Special Committee. A list of relevant issues Opportunities and opportunities derived from these sources is listed 1. More local restaurants could be established as here and were used as a tenants change within existing shopping centers. guide to form the goals 2. More local coffee houses could be established as and recommendations in tenants change within existing shopping centers. this chapter and were also used as guidance on the 3. Shopping centers and infill commercial development prioritization of those goals. could install more sidewalk connections, bike racks, and other pedestrian/bike facilities as they are rehabilitated or are initially built.

4. Shopping centers could benefit from more collaboration with the Village regarding sponsorship and marketing.

5. There could be more gathering places to bring Fox Point Income together people of multiple generations.

6. Infill development could add tax revenue to the tax base.

7. Infill development should be built to a higher standard than the current vacant buildings and properties.

8. Existing and potentially new commercial buildings and sites can use green building practices when being rehabilitated or when initially built.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 35 Chapter 2 | Economic Development Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

1

Goal 1: Support and Recommendations: facilitate economic development in the 1. Encourage the redevelopment of underutilized Village’s commercial parcels in the Village. areas. 2. Support improvement efforts in the Village’s business districts while allowing the market to determine tenant mix and renovation design.

3. Consider mixed-use projects where appropriate.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 36 2

Goal 2: Encourage commercial property owners to maintain the Recommendation: Village’s commercial 1. Consider the implementation of design guidelines districts as attractive or form based zoning to ensure that redevelopment places for business. takes into account issues of architectural compatibility, building scale, signage compatibility, landscaping, parking, and neighborhood connectivity.

Recommendations:

1. Encourage green building practices for redevelopment of sites in the Village.

2. Encourage enhanced landscaping techniques and 3 the use of native vegetation, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians, within existing parking areas to facilitate groundwater recharge, Goal 3: Encourage filter stormwater runoff, and reduce heat island effect. commercial developments to utilize sustainable building practices related to renewable energy, energy efficiency, renewable or recycled materials, reduced water usage, and improved stormwater management.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 37 Chapter 2 | Economic Development 4

Recommendations: Goal 4: Continue to 1. Seek and encourage local businesses to sponsor Village seek opportunities events. for collaboration 2. Explore the potential for the Village to collaborate with between the Village, local shopping centers to co-sponsor events and festivals existing shopping in shopping center parking and gathering areas. centers, local 3. Explore the potential for the Village to establish a businesses, and other marketing campaign which encourages local shopping organizations. and raises visitor awareness of the Village as a place to shop and live.

4. Work with the Glendale and North Shore Chamber of Commerce to ensure local public and private events are promoted and advertised on the GCC calendar and website.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 38 Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

Goal 1 Support and facilitate economic development in the Village’s commercial areas.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Encourage the redevelopment of underutilized parcels in the Village. Long-Term

2. Support improvement efforts in the Village’s business districts while allowing the market to determine tenant mix and renovation design. Ongoing

3. Consider mixed-use projects where appropriate. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 39 Chapter 2 | Economic Development Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Encourage commercial property owners to maintain the Village’s commercial districts as attractive places for business.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Consider the implementation of design guidelines or form based zoning to ensure that redevelopment takes into account issues of architectural compatibility, building scale, signage compatibility, landscaping, parking, and neighborhood connectivity. Long-Term

Goal 3

Encourage commercial developments to utilize sustainable building practices related to renewable energy, energy efficiency, renewable or recycled materials, reduced water usage, and improved stormwater management.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Encourage green building practices for redevelopment of sites in the Village. Ongoing

2. Encourage enhanced landscaping techniques and the use of native vegetation, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians, within existing parking areas to facilitate groundwater recharge, filter stormwater runoff, and reduce heat island effect.Ongoing Goal 4 Continue to seek opportunities for collaboration between the Village, existing shopping centers, local businesses, and other organizations.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Seek and encourage local businesses to sponsor Village events. Long-Term

2. Explore the potential for the Village to collaborate with local shopping centers to co- sponsor events and festivals in shopping center parking and gathering areas. Ongoing

3. Explore the potential for the Village to establish a marketing campaign which encourages local shopping and raises visitor awareness of the Village as a place to shop and live. Short- Term

4. Work with the Glendale and North Shore Chamber of Commerce to ensure local public and private events are promoted and advertised on the GCC calendar and website. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 40 2 | Appendix

Pg. 43 Education and Occupation

Industry and Labor Pg. 45 Force

Income and Pg. 46 Commuting

41 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 2 | Economic Development 42 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to economic development. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter.

EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION Local Characteristics The Village of Fox Point is primarily residential, with some small pockets of commercial activity. The Village offers a highly skilled and well-educated workforce. Figures ED-1, ED-2, and ED-3 show population by highest level of educational attainment. Figure ED-3 shows 98% of persons age 25 and older in the Village have received a high school degree or higher, and 70% possess a college degree.

Figure ED-1: Population by Educational Attainment

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Fox Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Population 25 years and over 627,652 1,371,021 4,813 3,279 8,804 9,499 1,129 9,363 9,330 Less than 9th grade 27,907 43,665 42 29 127 86 0 63 149 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 51,052 84,492 37 72 323 318 10 112 35 High school graduate 176,819 383,207 416 324 2,131 1,568 63 834 779 Some college, no degree 134,313 294,018 533 474 2,105 1,889 151 1,431 1,098 Associate's degree 48,454 120,963 136 77 928 746 62 478 387 Bachelor's degree 121,110 290,505 1,889 1,240 2,100 2,835 422 3,173 3,693 Graduate or professional degree 67,997 154,171 1,760 1,063 1,090 2,057 421 3,272 3,189 Source: 2017 ACS Figure ED-2: Percentage of Total Population by Educational Attainment

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Fox Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Population 25 years and over Less than 9th grade 4.45% 3.18% 0.87% 0.88% 1.44% 0.91% 0.00% 0.67% 1.60% 9th to 12th grade, no diploma 8.13% 6.16% 0.77% 2.20% 3.67% 3.35% 0.89% 1.20% 0.38% High school graduate 28.17% 27.95% 8.64% 9.88% 24.20% 16.51% 5.58% 8.91% 8.35% Some college, no degree 21.40% 21.45% 11.07% 14.46% 23.91% 19.89% 13.37% 15.28% 11.77% Associate's degree 7.72% 8.82% 2.83% 2.35% 10.54% 7.85% 5.49% 5.11% 4.15% Bachelor's degree 19.30% 21.19% 39.25% 37.82% 23.85% 29.85% 37.38% 33.89% 39.58% Graduate or professional degree 10.83% 11.24% 36.57% 32.42% 12.38% 21.65% 37.29% 34.95% 34.18% Source: 2017 ACS

Figure ED-3: Percentage of Fox Point Population by Educational Attainment

Less than 9th grade 0.87%

9th to 12th grade, no diploma 0.77%

High school graduate 8.64%

Some college, no degree 11.07%

Associate's degree 2.83% Bachelor's degree 39.25% Graduate or professional 36.57% degree Source: 2017 ACS 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Chapter 2 | Economic 43 Development - Appendix

Labor Force Composition Figures ED-4 and ED-5 show 68.98% of workers living in the Village of Fox Point are engaged in management, business, science, or the arts. The second-largest occupational category is sales and office, with 16.97% of Fox Point workers employed in this category. No other occupational category accounted for more than 10% of Fox Point workers. It is typical for the labor force in the North Shore suburbs to be heavily involved in management and business occupations. In Southeastern Wisconsin, 37.69% of the labor force is engaged in this category, with higher percentages in the production and transportation category than for any of the North Shore communities. Figure ED-4: Labor Force Population by Occupational Category

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Management, business, science, 36.01% 37.69% 68.98% 61.25% 43.02% 52.58% 62.87% 64.40% 65.62% and arts Service 19.81% 17.37% 7.61% 10.05% 20.00% 14.49% 7.59% 9.94% 8.35% Sales and office 22.89% 23.30% 16.97% 21.50% 25.27% 21.27% 20.39% 18.95% 18.84% Natural resources, construction, 5.92% 6.93% 2.72% 5.21% 4.18% 3.85% 7.74% 1.17% 3.76% and maintenance Production, transportation, and 15.37% 14.70% 3.72% 1.99% 7.53% 7.81% 1.41% 5.54% 3.43% material moving Source: 2017 ACS

Figure ED-5: Percentage of Labor Force by Occupational Category

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Civilian employed population 454,524 1,016,203 3,494 2,209 5,960 6,695 711 7,325 7,018 16 years+ Estimate Management, business, science, 163,661 383,036 2,410 1,353 2,564 3,520 447 4,717 4,605 and arts Service 90,023 176,565 266 222 1,192 970 54 728 586 Sales and office 104,046 236,802 593 475 1,506 1,424 145 1,388 1,322 Natural resources, construction, 26,919 70,437 95 115 249 258 55 86 264 and maintenance Production, transportation, and 69,875 149,363 130 44 449 523 10 406 241 material moving Unemployment Rate 7.10% - 1.20% 1.20% 6.40% 2.60% 2.50% 4.30% 2.20% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 2 | Economic Development - Appendix 44

INDUSTRY AND LABOR FORCE Industry Figure ED-6 shows employment by industry for Wisconsin, Milwaukee County, and Fox Point. The highest percentage of workers in Fox Point, 31.7%, works in the educational services, healthcare, and social assistance industries. The second-highest percentage, 16.9%, works in the professional, scientific, management, and administrative industries. This percentage is higher than the percentages of workers in both Milwaukee County and Wisconsin as a whole. Figure ED-6: Employment by Industry

Milwaukee Village of Fox Wisconsin County Point Estimate % Estimate % Estimate % Civilian employed population 16 years and over 2,939,880 454,524 3,494 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting, and mining 70,575 2.40% 1936 0.40% 10 0.30% Construction 160,587 5.50% 17494 3.80% 163 4.70% Manufacturing 540,274 18.40% 67515 14.90% 330 9.40% Wholesale trade 79,418 2.70% 11633 2.60% 129 3.70% Retail trade 331,399 11.30% 46964 10.30% 273 7.80% Transportation, warehousing, and utilities 127,961 4.40% 21,137 4.70% 69 2.00% Information 48,221 1.60% 7884 1.70% 81 2.30% Finance and insurance, real estate and rental and leasing 177,957 6.10% 29445 6.50% 344 9.80% Professional, scientific, management, and administrative 243,554 8.30% 48577 10.70% 589 16.90% Educational services, health care and social assistance 682,285 23.20% 120229 26.50% 1,106 31.70% Arts, entertainment, recreation, and accommodation 254,526 8.70% 46437 10.20% 217 6.20% Other services, except public administration 121,136 4.10% 19999 4.40% 136 3.90% Public administration 101,987 3.50% 15274 3.40% 47 1.30% Source: 2017 ACS

Figure ED-7 shows there are 3,537 persons in the civilian labor force, identical to the number in the labor force in 2012. The unemployment rate is 1.2%, far lower than for the County or State. This low rate is down from 5% in 2012. Figure ED-8 shows there are 3,494 employed civilians over the age of 16 in Fox Point. The highest percentage of those, 82.8%, is private wage and salary workers. Of those employed civilians, 6.4%, are self-employed, a higher percentage than for the County or State. Labor Force Figure ED-7: Civilian Labor Force 2012-2017

Milwaukee Village of Wisconsin County Fox Point Civilian labor force 2012 3,086,774 492,353 3,537 Civilian labor force 2017 3,085,151 489,454 3,537 % Change 2012 - 2017 -0.05% -0.59% 0.00% Percent Unemployed 2012 7.50% 10.60% 5.00% Unemployment Rate 2017 4.70% 7.10% 1.20% % Change 2012 - 2017 -2.80% -3.50% -3.80% Source: 2012 and 2017 ACS Figure ED-8: Civilian Employed Population

Milwaukee Village of Fox Wisconsin County Point Estimate % Estimate % Estimate % Civilian employed population 16 years and over 2,939,880 454,524 3,494 Private wage and salary workers 2,425,435 82.50% 385,033 84.70% 2,893 82.80% Government workers 358,788 12.20% 52,556 11.60% 370 10.60% Self-employed in own not incorporated business workers 150,143 5.10% 16,468 3.60% 224 6.40% Unpaid family workers 5,514 0.20% 467 0.10% 7 0.20% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 2 | Economic 45 Development - Appendix

INCOME AND COMMUTING Income Like several of its North Shore neighbors, household income levels in Fox Point are high. Figure ED- 9 shows the median household income to be $118,281, higher than all the North Shore communities, except River Hills, $156,944, and more than double that for Milwaukee County. Figure ED-10 shows the percentage of households in each income bracket for Fox Point. The highest percentage of households, 22.2%, is in the $200,000 or more bracket, closely followed by 20.8% in the $100,000 to $149,000 bracket. Figure ED-11 shows the same percentage breakout compared to the other North Shore communities. Figure ED-9: Number of Households by Income Bracket

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Households 382,027 806,995 2,777 1,809 5,429 5,629 570 6,016 5,229 Less than $10,000 33,618 50,471 78 83 309 220 13 403 78 $10,000 to $14,999 25,596 38,878 72 52 141 146 6 349 78 $15,000 to $24,999 46,607 81,398 117 99 586 495 16 349 209 $25,000 to $34,999 41,641 77,066 122 121 489 569 13 475 319 $35,000 to $49,999 53,484 103,720 172 101 597 743 20 758 361 $50,000 to $74,999 69,147 146,545 300 215 1,466 1,024 83 1,005 779 $75,000 to $99,999 42,787 104,141 325 233 814 664 49 644 539 $100,000 to $149,999 43,169 119,348 578 416 793 985 73 932 1,098 $150,000 to $199,999 14,135 44,780 394 174 103 462 50 493 685 $200,000 or more 11,843 40,578 616 311 130 315 247 602 1,077 Median Household Income $46,784 N/A $118,281 $99,125 $61,225 $65,992 $156,944 $68,306 $111,069 Source: 2017 ACS Figure ED-10: Fox Point Percentage of Households by Income Bracket

Less than $10,000 2.8%

$10,000 to $14,999 2.6%

$15,000 to $24,999 4.2%

$25,000 to $34,999 4.4%

$35,000 to $49,999 6.2% $50,000 to $74,999 10.8% $75,000 to $99,999 11.7% $100,000 to $149,999 20.8% $150,000 to $199,999 14.2% $200,000 or more 22.2%

Source: 2017 ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Figure ED-11: Comparative Percentages of Total Households by Income Bracket

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Households Less than $10,000 8.8% 6.3% 2.8% 4.6% 5.7% 3.9% 2.3% 6.7% 1.5% $10,000 to $14,999 6.7% 4.8% 2.6% 2.9% 2.6% 2.6% 1.1% 5.8% 1.5% $15,000 to $24,999 12.2% 10.1% 4.2% 5.5% 10.8% 8.8% 2.8% 5.8% 4.0% $25,000 to $34,999 10.9% 9.5% 4.4% 6.7% 9.0% 10.1% 2.3% 7.9% 6.1% $35,000 to $49,999 14.0% 12.9% 6.2% 5.6% 11.0% 13.2% 3.5% 12.6% 6.9% $50,000 to $74,999 18.1% 18.2% 10.8% 11.9% 27.0% 18.2% 14.6% 16.7% 14.9% $75,000 to $99,999 11.2% 12.9% 11.7% 12.9% 15.0% 11.8% 8.6% 10.7% 10.3% $100,000 to $149,999 11.3% 14.8% 20.8% 23.0% 14.6% 17.5% 12.8% 15.5% 21.0% $150,000 to $199,999 3.7% 5.5% 14.2% 9.6% 1.9% 8.2% 8.8% 8.2% 13.1% $200,000 or more 3.1% 5.0% 22.2% 17.2% 2.4% 5.6% 43.3% 10.0% 20.6% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 2 | Economic Development - Appendix 46

Commuting Times Commuting times are shown in Figures ED-12, ED-13, and ED-14 for Fox Point, the North Shore communities, the County, and the region. There are a total of 2,045 workers 16 years or older who did not work at home. The highest percentage, 22.7%, travel 15 to 19 minutes to work. The second-highest percentage of commuters, 20.2%, work 20 to 24 minutes from home. These percentages are higher than for most of the North Shore communities, excepting Glendale. Fox Point also has the highest percentage, 4.6%, of commuters working less than 5 minutes from home. This shows Fox Point to have relatively short commuting times when compared to the other North Shore communities and Southeastern Wisconsin. Figure ED-12: Number of Workers by Commuting Times

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Total 431,935 531,256 2,045 5,556 3,156 6,227 624 6,709 6,472 Less than 5 minutes 8,289 18,002 21 147 33 128 7 105 295 5 to 9 minutes 39,120 62,091 168 657 444 785 55 612 620 10 to 14 minutes 65,408 74,938 318 1,134 347 766 93 1,057 1,028 15 to 19 minutes 83,631 77,421 347 533 667 1,252 109 1,314 1,472 20 to 24 minutes 82,894 74,932 407 1,081 532 1,386 107 1,199 1,310 25 to 29 minutes 32,358 41,563 239 498 340 332 60 533 510 30 to 34 minutes 61,195 66,296 312 934 396 755 109 923 547 35 to 39 minutes 10,652 20,825 48 155 60 169 11 127 154 40 to 44 minutes 11,041 24,552 61 93 108 185 21 213 117 45 to 59 minutes 19,272 42,504 63 86 123 294 21 428 223 60 to 89 minutes 11,488 19,183 8 238 55 148 29 110 133 90 or more minutes 6,587 8,949 53 0 51 27 2 88 63 Source: 2017 ACS

Figure ED-13: Percentage of Fox Point Labor Force by Commuting Times

Less than 5 minutes 1.0% 5 to 9 minutes 8.2% 10 to 14 minutes 15.6% 15 to 19 minutes 17.0% 20 to 24 minutes 19.9% 25 to 29 minutes 11.7% 30 to 34 minutes 15.3% 35 to 39 minutes 2.3% 40 to 44 minutes 3.0% 45 to 59 minutes 3.1% 60 to 89 minutes 0.4% 90 or more minutes 2.6%

Source: 2017 ACS 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%

Chapter 2 | Economic 47 Development - Appendix Figure ED-14: Comparative Percentage of Labor Force by Commuting Times

Milwaukee Southeastern Village of Village of Village of City of Village of Village of Village of County Wisconsin Fox Point Bayside Brown Deer Glendale River Hills Shorewood Whitefish Bay Less than 5 minutes 1.9% 3.4% 1.0% 2.6% 1.0% 2.1% 1.1% 1.6% 4.6% 5 to 9 minutes 9.1% 11.7% 8.2% 11.8% 14.1% 12.6% 8.8% 9.1% 9.6% 10 to 14 minutes 15.1% 14.1% 15.6% 20.4% 11.0% 12.3% 14.9% 15.8% 15.9% 15 to 19 minutes 19.4% 14.6% 17.0% 9.6% 21.1% 20.1% 17.5% 19.6% 22.7% 20 to 24 minutes 19.2% 14.1% 19.9% 19.5% 16.9% 22.3% 17.1% 17.9% 20.2% 25 to 29 minutes 7.5% 7.8% 11.7% 9.0% 10.8% 5.3% 9.6% 7.9% 7.9% 30 to 34 minutes 14.2% 12.5% 15.3% 16.8% 12.5% 12.1% 17.5% 13.8% 8.5% 35 to 39 minutes 2.5% 3.9% 2.3% 2.8% 1.9% 2.7% 1.8% 1.9% 2.4% 40 to 44 minutes 2.6% 4.6% 3.0% 1.7% 3.4% 3.0% 3.4% 3.2% 1.8% 45 to 59 minutes 4.5% 8.0% 3.1% 1.5% 3.9% 4.7% 3.4% 6.4% 3.4% 60 to 89 minutes 2.7% 3.6% 0.4% 4.3% 1.7% 2.4% 4.6% 1.6% 2.1% 90 or more minutes 1.5% 1.7% 2.6% 0.0% 1.6% 0.4% 0.3% 1.3% 1.0% Source: 2017 ACS

Chapter 2 | Economic Development - Appendix 48

3 | Natural and Cultural Resources Pg. 51 Overview

Pg. 52 Input from Public Workshop #1

Pg. 53 Highlights from Online Public Survey

Issues and Pg. 54 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 55 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 59 Implementation

Pg. 53 Appendix

49 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 50 Overview Overview

Fox Point’s exceptional quality of life can be attributed partly to the presence and condition of the Village’s natural and cultural resources. The protection of natural features and the preservation of cultural and historic resources are fundamental to maintaining this quality of life for both current residents and future generations. This chapter examines the resource types relevant to the Village and how to protect, preserve, and utilize them. The Village recognizes that both environmental and cultural resources can be sensitive to change and need to be properly managed and maintained. Environmental resources include the tree canopy, shoreline, and topography of the area. Cultural resources include historic structures as well as other significant public and private institutions. Therefore, it is important to identify the specific characteristics and locations of natural and cultural resources in the Village and recommend appropriate conservation and preservation practices. Possibly the most defining environmental feature of the Village is Lake Michigan, which is listed as an impaired water body. Impairments include potential mercury contamination and other by-products of stormwater runoff. For this reason, stormwater management is extremely important for both the Lake Michigan watershed sections and the Milwaukee River South watershed in Fox Point. Another defining feature is the steep escarpment that runs along the Lake Michigan shoreline and through Fox Point. Steep slopes and ravines are found along the Lake Michigan bluff and protection of these areas is important to prevent erosion and degradation of the shoreline. The Village limits construction on bluff and ravine slopes while encouraging the planting of native plant species to ensure sustainable erosion control and plant resiliency. Defining cultural resources in Fox Point include local schools, churches, public and private recreational areas, and Cardinal Stritch University. These places and institutions should be supported and recognized so that they may continue to enrich community experiences for residents and visitors. Historic resources include the historic homes and sites listed in the National Register of Historic Places as well as the historic buildings not listed but still important to the architectural and historic legacy of Fox Point.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 51 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources CommentsComments andand IdeasIdeas fromfrom PublicPublic WorkshopWorkshop #1 A public workshop was Anheld initial at publicVillage workshop Hall on wasJanuary held at 16, Village 2020. Hall The on January 16, 2020. workshop included a The workshop included apresentation presentation onon the the generalgeneral plan plan process, process, key key demographicdemographic changes, changes, andand preliminary preliminary goals goals andand recommendations recommendations relatedrelated to to economic natural and development.cultural resources. The public The waspublic invited was to invited post their to post commentstheir comments and ideas and ideas and ask questions of the and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan SpecialComprehensive Committee. Plan The followingSpecial isCommittee. a summary of The theirfollowing input. is a summary of their input and sample comments. Public Comments and Ideas • Encourage more natural areas with native species. • Village history documents on website? • I think you currently do a very good job in this area. A great balance, congrats. Keep it up but don’t get crazy. • Appreciate Department of Public Works staff does not over-salt our roads. • Maintenance of Indian Creek Native Habitats is very important. Planting trees & reducing the amount of turf grass will help stormwater and improve bird/wildlife. • What about a conservation easement on Port Washington Road and Bradley as an answer to the “blighted”/shuttered businesses. • Lots of plantings to stabilize the shoreline on beach drive. • Invest in trees at Longacre Park

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 52 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including natural and cultural resources. Located along the shores of Lake Michigan, Fox Point has a number of valuable natural resources and environmentally sensitive areas. Highlights from the survey show that 82% of respondents agree that existing protections for wetlands, wooded areas, steep slopes, and other environmentally sensitive areas should be vigorously enforced. The Village has adopted zoning ordinances and other measures over the years to protect those areas. The Village should continue to both enforce existing protective measures and regularly review those measures to ensure they adequately address changes in conditions or technology. In addition to natural resources, Fox Point is rich with cultural and historic resources, with many listed on the National Register of Historic Places and the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory. Highlights from the survey show 78% of respondents agree the Village should make efforts to preserve and protect historic assets. The Village should continue to utilize the Building Board to ensure property renovations are compatible with existing architecture. Additionally, the Village should continue to encourage historic property owners to list their properties on the National Register or otherwise designate their properties to help ensure historic architectural compatibility is maintained.

Existing protections regarding wetlands, wooded areas, steep The Village should make efforts to preserve and protect historic slopes, and environmentally sensitive areas should be assets. vigorously enforced. Strongly Agree Strongly Agree 54% 43%

Somewhat Somewhat 28% 35% Agree Agree

Neither Agree Neither Agree 14% 16% nor Disagree nor Disagree

Somewhat Somewhat 3% 5% Disagree Disagree

Strongly Strongly 1% 1% Disagree Disagree

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 53 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources Issues and Issues 1. The natural character and native wildlife of the Opportunities Village needs to be preserved. 2. Natural resources, including local wetlands, the Issues and opportunities were lakeshore, trees, open space, and groundwater, need to be protected against natural and derived from input gathered manmade impacts. during the public workshops and the online survey. Issues 3. Village bluffs and ravines need to be protected while and opportunities were also allowing for limited activity near these areas. derived from the analysis of 4. Non-native vegetation is not as resilient and relevant data as well as input sustainable as native vegetative. from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. 5. The presence of invasive plant and animal species A list of relevant issues needs to be continuously monitored and addressed. and opportunities derived 6. Village historic and cultural resources need to be from these sources is listed here and were used as a respected and, where appropriate, preserved. guide to form the goals Opportunities and recommendations in this chapter and were also 1. The Village should continue to participate in national used as guidance on the and state wildlife conservation and designation prioritization of those goals. programs. 2. The Village should continue to protect local environmental resources through the use and encouragement of native species, natural stormwater mitigation measures, and conservation practices for residential properties and public areas.

3. Environmental conservation ordinances and regulations should be regularly monitored for effectiveness and updated when needed.

4. Historic preservation programs and review guidelines should continue to be utilized.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 54 Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

1

Goal 1: Preserve the natural character of the Village. Recommendations:

1. Continue to support Fox Point’s designation as a Tree City USA.

2. Continue to support Fox Point’s designation as a Bird City Wisconsin.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 55 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 2

Goal 2: Protect the Recommendations: Village’s natural 1. Coordinate with regional agencies (Milwaukee resources including, County, MMSD, DNR, SEWRPC) and adjacent local but not limited to, governments to protect, enhance, and restore natural features. wetlands, wildlife, lakeshore, woodlands, 2. Continue to maintain and preserve the Village’s open space, parks, existing trees and natural landscape. and groundwater 3. Continue to work with MMSD and Wisconsin DNR to resources. continue to protect and enhance water quality in Indian Creek. 4. Continue to monitor the drainage swales in the Village to ensure their continued effectiveness in managing stormwater runoff. 5. Identify other techniques to control stormwater runoff throughout the Village including but not limited to increased landscaping in parking lots and medians, use of rain gardens and rain barrels, and use of pervious paving materials. 6. Continue to utilize appropriate funding mechanisms for the maintenance of recreational facilities and natural areas. 7. Encourage the use of native plants to filter surface runoff and recharge groundwater in drainage swales, undeveloped areas, and preserved open spaces. 8. Consider the use of native mechanisms as replacements for concrete drainage swales to filter surface runoff and recharge groundwater. 9. Encourage composting by residents for use in backyard gardens. 10. Continue to monitor and control the presence of invasive and destructive species. 11. Provide information on the Village website to inform residents of threats and possible remedies for threats to natural habitats.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 56 3

Goal 3: Promote Recommendations: the preservation of 1. Promote education regarding the link between the Lake Michigan stormwater runoff and pollution in Lake Michigan. shoreline. 2. Continue to stabilize the shoreline on Beach Drive through plantings and other methods.

4

Goal 4: Promote the preservation of Village bluffs and ravines.

Recommendations:

1. Periodically review Village bluff and ravine regulations to ensure the continued protection of the Village’s bluffs and ravines.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 57 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 5

Recommendations: Goal 5: Support the unique cultural and 1. Continue to maintain the identifiers which enhance historic features of Village character, such as fox street signs, lannon Fox Point consistent stone end walls, white posts and greeting signs. with the residential 2. Continue to add additional sites to the Wisconsin character of the Architecture and History Inventory. Village. 3. Continue to utilize the Historic Preservation Committee for the protection of Village historical structures and features when appropriate.

4. Encourage and promote awareness of the National Register of Historic Places to local residents.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 58 Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

Some recommendations includes a combination of time frames. Goal 1 Goal 1: Preserve the natural character of the Village.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to support Fox Point’s designation as a Tree City USA. Ongoing

2. Continue to support Fox Point’s designation as a Bird City Wisconsin. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 59 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Protect the Village’s natural resources including, but not limited to, wetlands, wildlife, lakeshore, woodlands, open space, parks, and groundwater resources.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Coordinate with regional agencies (Milwaukee County, MMSD, DNR, SEWRPC) and adjacent local governments to protect, enhance, and restore natural features. Ongoing

2. Continue to maintain and preserve the Village’s existing trees and natural landscape. Ongoing

3. Continue to work with MMSD and Wisconsin DNR to continue to protect and enhance water quality in Indian Creek. Ongoing

4. Continue to monitor the drainage swales in the Village to ensure their continued effectiveness in managing stormwater runoff. Ongoing

5. Identify other techniques to control stormwater runoff throughout the Village including but not limited to increased landscaping in parking lots and medians, use of rain gardens and rain barrels, and use of pervious paving materials. Short-Term

6. Continue to utilize appropriate funding mechanisms for the maintenance of recreational facilities and natural areas. Ongoing

7. Encourage the use of native plants to filter surface runoff and recharge groundwater in drainage swales, undeveloped areas, and preserved open spaces. Short-Term and Ongoing

8. Consider the use of native mechanisms as replacements for concrete drainage swales to filter surface runoff and recharge groundwater.Long-Term

9. Encourage composting by residents for use in backyard gardens. Ongoing

10. Continue to monitor and control the presence of invasive and destructive species. Ongoing

11. Provide information on the Village website to inform residents of threats and possible remedies for threats to natural habitats. Short-Term and Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 60 Timing and Implementation

Goal 3 Promote the preservation of the Lake Michigan shoreline.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Promote education regarding the link between stormwater runoff and pollution in Lake Michigan. Short-Term and Ongoing

2. Continue to stabilize the shoreline on Beach Drive through plantings and other methods. Short-term and Ongoing

Goal 4 Promote the preservation of Village bluffs and ravines.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Periodically review Village bluff and ravine regulations to ensure the continued protection of the Village’s bluffs and ravines. Ongoing

Goal 5 Support the unique cultural and historic features of Fox Point consistent with the residential character of the Village.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Continue to maintain the identifiers which enhance Village character, such as fox street signs, lannon stone end walls, white posts and greeting signs. Ongoing

2. Continue to add additional sites to the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory. Ongoing

3. Continue to utilize the Historic Preservation Committee for the protection of Village historical structures and features when appropriate. Ongoing

4. Encourage and promote awareness of the National Register of Historic Places to local residents. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 61 Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 62 3 | Appendix

Pg. 65 Natural Resources

Pg. 79 Cultural Resources

63 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources 64 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to natural and cultural resources. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. Natural Resources The Village of Fox Point Comprehensive Plan recognizes that resources in the Village are limited and need to be properly managed. Key to this effort is the identification of the specific characteristics and locations of natural and cultural resources in the Village. Identifying these features is necessary to ensure the protection of natural resources, avoid negative environmental impacts resulting from changes to existing infrastructure, and enhance existing cultural resources. Landforms and physical features in Fox Point are important determinants of how the community can change over time. The physical geography of an area must be considered in developing land use, transportation, utilities, and facility recommendations. Additionally, physical features contribute to the natural beauty and overall quality of life in an area. The 2012-2021 Milwaukee County Land & Water Resource Management Plan, as prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC) in 2011, provides a concise overview of the presence, importance, and conservation goals and measures related to natural resources in the area. The following summaries, maps, and figures, except where otherwise noted, are taken from this report. Climate Milwaukee County lies in the mid-continental zone, characterized by long, snowy, and relatively cold winters. Summers are mostly warm with periods of humid, hot temperatures. July is the warmest month, while January is the coldest. Frost conditions usually occur from October through May, and snow cover is likely between December and February. Streams and lakes begin to freeze in late November and ice melt begins in late March or early April. Approximately 50 rainfall events occur per year. A rainfall event is a distinct period when precipitation is equal to or greater than 0.1 inch. Runoff is often high during rainfall events in March, April, and May, particularly when the ground is still frozen and soil moisture is high. The mean annual precipitation in the area is approximately 31 inches. The majority of precipitation falls in the form of rain during the growing season, between May and September, when more than 14 inches may fall. Average annual sleet and snowfall is 47.1 inches, which is equivalent to 4.7 inches of water (approximately 13% of the average annual precipitation). Rainfall intensity, duration, and frequency are major factors that affect the peak rate of runoff and flooding that occurs in Milwaukee County. The most intense type of storm is that which occurs within a 24-hour duration with the most intense rainfall occurring during a six-hour period near the middle of the duration. Understanding the pattern of these storms is critical to proper collection, retention, and filtration of stormwater runoff. Geology, Physiology, and Soils Bedrock formations in Milwaukee County primarily consist of Silurian-age Niagara dolomite. Fox Point is located in an area with Devonian-age dolomite and shale deposits. Below the Niagara formation is the Ordovician-age Maquoketa shale, also seen in southeastern Waukesha County. Additional sandstones of Cambrian-age underlie the Ordovician-age formations. The bedrock throughout the County is primarily covered by deep, unconsolidated glacial deposits. Some deposit areas have a thickness in excess of 500 feet, while in other areas, the bedrock lies within 20 feet of the ground surface.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 65 Resources - Appendix Wisconsin experienced four stages of glaciation, with the most recent stage ending approximately 11,000 years ago. The expansion and retreat of these glaciers, along with the deposits they left behind, are major determinants of physiology, topography, and soil composition across the state. Soils in Fox Point are of the Kewaunee-Manawa association. Prior to urbanization, large areas of Milwaukee County were covered in wetlands, while other areas were marked by rolling hills. A steep escarpment runs along the Lake Michigan shoreline at the north and south portions of the county, including Fox Point. Topography and Steep Slopes Topography is a graphical presentation of the land surface’s features and indicate relative position and elevation. This information is typically collected and utilized for large areas in regional planning and determining future generalized land uses. A common example is the utilization of topographic information to determine appropriate locations of sewage treatment facilities downslope and downstream of the development it is intended to serve. Figure NCR-1 illustrates the topographic features of Milwaukee County by elevation in feet above the mean sea level. The general elevation in Fox Point falls mostly in the range of 650 to 750 feet above the mean sea level, although the lakeshore and a small inlet in the northwest corner fall within the 580’ to 650’ range. Slope, to a considerable extent, determines the land uses practicable on a given parcel of land and is directly related to water runoff and erosion hazards. Therefore, the type and extent of land uses should be carefully adjusted to the slope of the land. In general, slopes of 10% or more are unsuitable for development. These slopes should be maintained as natural, open areas for wildlife habitat and erosion control. Lands with less severe slopes may be suitable for open space uses and low-intensity development. Lands which are gently sloping or nearly level are typically best suited to development. However, for detailed site and land planning purposes, all slopes should be determined from on- site topographic surveys prepared and graphically shown with at least a two-foot contour interval.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 66 Figure NCR-1: Topographic Characteristics of Milwaukee County, 2012

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 67 Resources - Appendix Figure NCR-2: Bluff Stability in Milwaukee County

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 68 Steep slopes are not uncommon in Fox Point, particularly on the Lake Michigan bluff and along ravines, as shown in Figure NCR-2. Chapter 17 of the Fox Point Village Code prohibits construction on slopes of bluffs or ravines in the Village, as a means of protecting against erosion. The Village should consider strengthening this ordinance to further protect the Village’s existing landscape. Surface Watersheds The Village of Fox Point is located within the Milwaukee River South Watershed and the Lake Michigan watershed as noted in Figure NCR-3. The Milwaukee River watershed encompasses approximately 168 square miles in portions of Milwaukee and Ozaukee Counties. The primary tributary located within the Village of Fox Point is Indian Creek, located in the northwestern portion of the village. The creek flows westward to join the Milwaukee River in the City of Glendale. In August 2001, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR) published a study entitled ‘The State of the Milwaukee River Basin.’ According to this study: “Land cover in the watershed is a mix of rural and urban uses. Overall, the watershed is about 33 percent urban, with agriculture, 25%, grasslands, 21%, forests, 12%, and wetlands, 6%, making up the rest of the major land cover types. Fourteen cities and villages are found in this watershed. As with the other watersheds in the basin, the streams in the Milwaukee River South Watershed exhibit a wide range of quality. Nearly 15% of all perennial stream miles in this watershed are significantly modified to the extent they have limited ability to sustain diverse biological communities. Many of these streams were straightened, enclosed, or lined with concrete to facilitate water movement downstream to alleviate flooding concerns. This method to control flooding, while popular 35 years ago, is now considered somewhat ineffective. From a water quality and biological standpoint, this type of river modification causes wide fluctuations in water levels over short periods of time, increases channel scour, and provides little to no habitat for aquatic life. Establishing a meandering stream helps create more diverse habitat for biological activities. The Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) is implementing major floodwater storage and where possible, river restoration activities in Lincoln Creek, Southbranch Creek, and Indian Creek and other area watersheds.” Impaired Waters Portions of Indian Creek and the Milwaukee River are designated as impaired by the WDNR. Due to the naturalization process for Indian Creek, as managed by Fox Point, the portion of the creek within Village boundaries is not designated as impaired. Indian Creek is considered impaired beginning west of Interstate 43. Impairments to the western portion of the creek include chronic aquatic toxicity, low dissolved oxygen levels, elevated temperature, non-point source pollution, and streambank modifications. Lake Michigan is also listed as an impaired water body. Impairments include contaminated fish tissue derived from polychlorinated biphenyl, PCB’s, and mercury contamination. For this reason, stormwater management is extremely important for both the Milwaukee River South watershed and the Lake Michigan watershed in Fox Point in order to minimize further impairment.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 69 Resources - Appendix Figure NCR-3: Surface Waters, Floodplains, and Major Watershed in Milwaukee County

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 70 Shorelands Shorelands are defined by the Wisconsin Statutes as lands within the following distances from the Ordinary High Water Mark (OHWM) of navigable waters:  1,000 feet from a lake, pond, or flowage; and  300 feet from a river or stream, or to the landward side of the floodplain, whichever distance is greater. The WDNR defines the OHWM in the same manner defined by the Wisconsin Supreme Court in 1914, which defined the OHWM as “the point on the bank or shore up to which the presence and action of the water is so continuous as to leave a distinct mark either by erosion, destruction of terrestrial vegetation or other easily recognized characteristic.” Watermarks occur at various elevations, but the most permanent and prevalent marks constitute the OHWM. The OHWM does not change with temporary fluctuations in water levels, nor is it always at or near open water. The Supreme Court ruled that the area between the water´s edge and the OHWM need not be navigable to be held in the public trust. Under Section 61.351 of the Wisconsin Statutes, villages are required to enact regulations that protect wetlands five acres in size lying in shoreland areas as defined above. Rules pertaining to Fox Point shoreland-wetland zoning are set forth in Chapter NR 117 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. The Village of Fox Point’s Shoreland Ordinance can be found in Chapter 35 of the Village Code. Wetlands Wetlands serve important functions in the ecological well-being of any landscape. They provide habitat, absorb pollutants that may contaminate surface or groundwater, reduce flood damage by storing excess stormwater, and provide open space. Wetlands account for very little land within Fox Point. According to the WDNR’s Wisconsin Wetland Inventory, Fox Point contains only small scattered wetlands primarily in the northwestern portion of the Village near Indian Creek. The WDNR also records the presence of poorly drained soils (as classified by the USDA Natural Resources Conservation Service) which are often an indicator of wetland conditions. Poorly drained soils are most prevalent in the northern and western portions of the Village. Floodplains Floodplains are the wide, gently sloping areas usually lying on both sides of a river or stream channel. The flow of a river onto its floodplain is a normal phenomenon and, in the absence of flood control, can be expected to occur periodically. For planning and regulatory purposes, floodplains are defined as those areas subject to inundation by the 100-year interval flood event. Floodplains in the Village of Fox Point are located adjacent to Indian Creek in the northwestern portion of the Village and along the Lake Michigan shoreline. According to the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC), the floodwater conveyance and storage capacity of floodplain areas are protected by floodplain zoning ordinances. These ordinances also seek to prevent the location of urban development in flood hazard areas. Under Section 87.30 of the Wisconsin Statutes, Villages are required to adopt floodplain zoning, provided that the hydraulic and engineering data required to formulate the ordinance are available. The minimum standards for floodplain zoning ordinances are set forth in Chapter NR 116 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code. All such regulations must govern filling and development activities within the entire 100-year recurrence interval floodplain. Under minimum State requirements, local floodplain zoning regulations must prohibit nearly all forms of development in

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 71 Resources - Appendix the floodway, which is the area of the floodplain required to convey the 100-year recurrence interval peak flood flow. Local regulations must also restrict filling and development within the flood fringe, which consists of the portion of the floodplain located outside the floodway that would be covered by floodwaters during a 100-year flood event. Chapter 724 of the Village of Fox Point code, entitled “Floodplain Zoning” meets this requirement. Subsurface Water The Milwaukee County Land & Water Resource Management Plan describes the County’s groundwater resources as follows: “Groundwater resources constitute an extremely valuable element of the natural resource base of Milwaukee County. The groundwater reservoir not only sustains lake levels and provides the base flow of the streams in the county, but comprises a source of water supply for domestic, municipal, and industrial water users in some parts of Milwaukee County. Like surface water, groundwater is susceptible to depletion in quantity and deterioration in quality. An important consideration in land use and public facility development, therefore, is the protection of the quantity and quality of this valuable resource. Groundwater is contained in one of four aquifers underlying the watershed – sand and gravel, eastern dolomite (limestone), sandstone and dolomite, and crystalline bedrock. An aquifer is an underground rock or soil formation that stores and transmits water to lakes, streams, and wells. Aquifers in the Milwaukee County area are discussed in order of occurrence beneath the surface. The sand and gravel aquifer is comprised of surface material deposited from glacial ice that covered the region approximately 11,000 years ago. These deposits, which can occur up to 200 feet deep, are unconsolidated soil materials with physical and chemical characteristics different from agricultural soils. Groundwater in these deposits occurs and moves in the void spaces among the grains of sand and gravel. It is locally important as a source of groundwater for both public and private use where there are relatively thick saturated unconsolidated deposits. The potential for contamination is high because of the shallow depth to groundwater and permeability of the material. The eastern dolomite aquifer occurs beneath the sand and gravel formation. It was deposited approximately 400 million years ago and is 300 to 400 feet thick. It consists of both the Niagara dolomite formation and an underlying shale layer (Maquoketa shale). Dolomite is a brittle rock similar to limestone that contains groundwater in interconnected cracks. The Maquoketa shale formed from impermeable clays and prevents water from moving between the Niagara dolomite and the deeper aquifers. Most potable water used in the county for domestic use comes from this formation. The sandstone and dolomite aquifer occurs beneath the eastern dolomite formation in deposits between 425 and 600 million years old. In eastern Wisconsin, most users of substantial quantities of water (such as industrial users) tap this deep aquifer to ensure adequate supplies are available. The crystalline bedrock aquifer is located beneath the sandstone and dolomite aquifer in formations more than 600 million years old. The aquifer is not a primary source of water in Milwaukee County. Most of the deposits are very dense crystalline rock, which normally yield small amounts of water. Fractures in the crystalline structured rocks store water, but the quality and reliability of this water source and the extreme depth restrict its use.”

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 72 Regional Water Quality Management Plan Update for the Greater Milwaukee Watersheds SEWRPC, with the cooperation of the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD) and the WDNR, adopted updates to its ‘Regional Water Quality Management Plan’ in 2007, 2009, and 2013 for the Southeastern Wisconsin area, including Fox Point. The plan covers the Kinnickinnic, Menominee, Milwaukee, and Root River watersheds; the Oak Creek watershed; the Milwaukee Harbor Estuary, and nearshore areas of Lake Michigan. This plan uses the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended watershed approach to utilize natural watershed boundaries as opposed to political boundaries. The plan recommends decisions based on science and engineering, and requires collaboration with the public, interest groups, and organizations. According to the Recommended Water Quality Management Plan section on page 495: “The recommended plan calls for the implementation of a comprehensive set of specific actions devised to ensure the enhancement and/or preservation of the surface water quality of the streams and lakes in the greater Milwaukee watersheds study area, including Lake Michigan, and to preserve the quality of the groundwater which provides the baseflow for those streams and lakes and also serves as a source of drinking water in the Southeastern Wisconsin Region. A primary consideration in the selection of the components of the recommended plan was the degree to which those measures, functioning together as a watershed-based system, would be expected to achieve the agreed-upon water use objectives in a cost-effective manner. The selection of the recommended plan followed an extensive review by the Technical Advisory Committee of the technical feasibility, economic viability, environmental impacts, potential public acceptance, and practicality of the various alternative water quality management plans considered. Those factors were also considered, with an emphasis on the technical aspects of the water quality models, by the Modeling Subcommittee. Additionally, public input was formally solicited over the course of the planning period and that input was considered in formulating the screening alternatives, the alternative water quality management plans, and the recommended plan that was built from those alternatives.” Page 762 of the plan states: “The development of the recommended plan focused primarily on identifying cost-effective ways to meet the water use objectives and supporting water quality standards/criteria to the degree possible. Consideration was also given to the existing regulatory framework regarding wastewater discharges and abatement of nonpoint source pollution.” Invasive Species The WDNR has reported three (3) aquatic invasive species in Fox Point:  Eurasian Milfoil - Lake Michigan  Zebra Mussel - Lake Michigan  Rusty Crayfish - portions of Indian Creek Non-aquatic invasive species include:  Glossy Buckthorn  Common Buckthorn  Garlic Mustard  Honeysuckle

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 73 Resources - Appendix One additional invasive species can be found adjacent to Fox Point:  Reed Canary Grass – Located in wetland areas adjacent to Indian Creek, west of US Interstate 43 in River Hills. One reason why invasive species are able to grow and thrive is because they often leave their normal predators and competitors behind in their native ecosystems. Without these natural checks and balances they are able to reproduce rapidly and out-compete native species. Invasive species can alter ecological relationships among native species and can affect ecosystem function, the economic value of ecosystems, and human health. The WDNR recommendations should be followed closely to slow and prevent the further spread of these invasive species within the Village and beyond. The Village has taken a proactive approach in reducing invasive plants along public right-of-ways and publicly owned properties. Residents are encouraged to become educated about invasive plants and work towards their elimination through property management. Emerald Ash Borer Beetle The Emerald Ash Borer Beetle is an invasive insect native to Asia. The beetles are responsible for killing millions of ash trees in the Great Lakes region. While not currently present in Fox Point, the beetles have been discovered in Ozaukee County. The Village recommends that residents familiarize themselves with the species of trees on their properties and that they monitor their condition, only use firewood from their own property or a reputable dealer, contact the Village Forester with any specific concerns, and consult the Village website or the websites of the WDNR or Department of Agriculture, Trade, and Consumer Protection (DATCP) for updated information. Endangered Species According to the WDNR’s Natural Heritage Inventory (NHI), Fox Point is home to one endangered species:  Striped Shiner (Luxilus chrysocephalus) The NHI also lists six threatened species in the Village:  Forked Aster (Aster fucatus)  Longear Sunfish (Lepomis megalotis)  Pale Green Orchid (Platanthera flava var. herbiola)  Redfin Shiner (Lythrurus umbratilis)  Snow Trillium (Trillium nivale)  False Asphodel (Triantha glutinosa) The NHI is updated on a regular basis. The current version can be found on the WDNR website. According to the 2012 Milwaukee County Land and Water Resource Management Plan, Fox Point has one privately protected critical species habitat. This area is shown as point location 110-P on Figure NCR-4. This area is characterized as “wooded bluffs and ravines along Lake Michigan that, though disturbed, support a relatively diverse native flora.”

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 74 Figure NCR-4: Critical Species Habitat 110-P

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 75 Resources - Appendix

Bird City Wisconsin On March 22, 2012, Fox Point received notification that it had achieved recognition as a Bird City Wisconsin. The Village has successfully retained this designation in all succeeding enrollment periods. Much like Tree City USA, for which Fox Point has been recognized for the past 25 years, Bird City is a program that increases public awareness of birds, especially in urban environments. The program’s goal is to encourage all Wisconsin communities to implement sound bird conservation practices by offering public recognition to those that succeed in enhancing the environment for birds and educating the public about the interactions between birds and people and about the contributions they make to healthy communities. Efforts include recognizing International Migratory Bird Day, providing information on how to protect birds from window strikes, and creating and enhancing backyard bird habitats. Environmental Corridors One of the most important tasks completed under the Southeastern Wisconsin regional planning program has been the identification and delineation of areas in which concentrations of the best remaining natural resource elements occur. The preservation of these areas is essential to both the maintenance of overall regional environmental quality and the continued provision of amenities necessary to maintain a high quality of life for residents. Seven natural resource elements are considered essential to the maintenance of the ecological balance and the overall quality of life in the region and serve as the basis for identifying the environmental corridor network. These elements are:  Lakes, rivers, streams, and associated shorelands and floodplains  Prairies  Rugged terrain and high relief topography  Wet, poorly drained, and organic soils  Wetlands  Wildlife habitat areas  Woodlands Additionally, certain features are closely related to these natural resources and were used to identify areas with recreational, aesthetic, ecological, and natural value. These features include existing park and open space sites, potential park and open space sites, historic sites, scenic areas and vistas, and natural areas. Primary environmental corridors include a wide variety of important natural resources and are at least 400 acres in size, two miles long, and 200 feet wide. Secondary environmental corridors serve to link primary corridors. No minimum area or length criteria apply. Secondary environmental corridors that do not connect primary corridors must be at least 100 acres in size and one mile long. An isolated natural resource area is a concentration of natural resource features encompassing at least five acres, but not large enough to meet the size or length criteria for primary or secondary environmental corridors. Maintaining the integrity of remaining environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas can assist in flood-flow attenuation, water pollution abatement, noise pollution abatement, and higher air quality. Corridor preservation is also important to the movement of wildlife and for the movement and dispersal of seeds for a variety of plant species. A primary environmental corridor spans the entire length of Fox Point from the northern to southern ends, encompassing the remaining areas of woodland (Figure NCR-5). This corridor extends beyond the village borders to run along the Lake Michigan shoreline through the Village of Bayside to the north, and through the Villages of Whitefish Bay and Shorewood to Downtown Milwaukee to the south. No officially designated secondary corridors or isolated natural resource areas are located in Fox Point.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 76 Figure NCR-5: Primary Environmental Corridors in Fox Point

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 77 Resources - Appendix Woodlands Woodlands and forests have important roles in many biological cycles including the energy, oxygen, nitrogen, water, and carbon cycles. They provide habitat for numerous plants, organisms, and wildlife species. Woodlands contribute to water quality, air quality, and soil stabilization, serve as windbreaks for agricultural fields and homes, and moderate solar radiation. Fox Point contains a very narrow band of continuous woodland running near the Lake Michigan shoreline from the northern village boundary to just north of the southern boundary. These woodlands are located mostly within the primary environmental corridor. The Indian Creek Woods is another environmental feature of local importance, though not an officially designated area. This isolated wooded area is located along the Creek near Spooner and Mohawk Roads. Tree City USA Fox Point was named a 2016 Tree City USA by the Arbor Day Foundation for its commitment to effective urban forest management. In order to receive the honor of the designation, municipalities must adhere to the Tree City USA program's four requirements: a tree board or department, a tree-care ordinance, an annual community forestry budget of at least $2 per capita, and an Arbor Day observance. The foundation also stresses that trees provide multiple benefits to a community when properly planted and maintained, including visual appeal, increased property values, reduced home cooling costs, removal of air pollutants, and wildlife habitat. The Village conducted a community tree map inventory in 2019 which identified 8,140 trees in the Village. Thirteen percent were identified as Norway Maple, 13% as Green Ash, 6% as Arborvitae, and 68% were comprised of 109 other identifiable species. The study also estimates that the Village’s tree canopy provides $768,506 in annual economic benefits, mostly in the form of stormwater reduction, energy savings, and property value increases. Urban Agriculture Urban Agriculture Worldwide defines urban agriculture as simply “any food or flora production that occurs anywhere in cities, towns, or villages.” Urban agriculture includes backyard gardens, community gardens, rooftop gardens, and school agricultural plots. There are several benefits to urban agriculture, including:  Economic - according to researchers Anne Bellows, Katherine Brown, and Jac Smit every $1 invested in a community garden yields $6 worth of produce, annually.  Nutrition - locally grown produce typically has higher nutritional value than supermarket produce, which is selected not for taste or nutritional value but for its ability to withstand shipment over long distances.  Environmental - much of the produce available in supermarkets has been shipped over great distances, using large amounts of fossil fuels and contributing to air pollution.  Community building - community gardens create a collaborative environment where residents can work with and learn from each other. Gardens located on school grounds can invite intergenerational interaction between children and older residents. Many homes in Fox Point include large lot sizes, deep setbacks, and relatively low maximum lot coverage. This leaves large areas of open space that are available for yards and gardens. Additionally, the Village has some areas which could be converted to community gardens and could potentially be utilized in conjunction with the Fox Point Farmers Market.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 78 Bee Keeping The Village requires a permit for anyone wishing to keep bees. A written application must be submitted to the Village Clerk with a description and drawing that represent the location where the hive(s) will be located on the lot, a description of the maintenance and cleaning plan for the operation, and a description of the plan to ensure proper watering of the bees. A full list of requirements and a description of the application process can be found under § 579-17.6 of the Village Code of Ordinances. CULTURAL RESOURCES Cultural resources encompass historic buildings, structures, and sites, as well as archeological sites. Cultural resources help to provide Fox Point with a sense of heritage, identity, and civic pride. Therefore, it is important to identify historical and archeological sites located within the Village. National Register of Historic Places Authorized by the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, the National Register of Historic Places is managed by the National Park Service. According to the National Park Service, the register is “part of a program to coordinate and support public and private efforts to identify, evaluate, and protect America’s historic and archaeological resources.” Properties nominated for the register are evaluated by age (typically a minimum age of 50 years is required), integrity (whether the building remains substantially in its historic condition), and significance (relationship to noteworthy people, events, or developments or architectural or archaeological value). The benefits of registration include increased acknowledgment of a property’s historical significance and the potential opportunity for federal and state grants and tax credits. The National Register of Historic Places protects the rights of private property owners. The National Park Service assures that registration does not impose restrictions on the “use, treatment, transfer, or disposition of private property.” Registration does not automatically invoke local zoning or landmark designation and also does not trigger public acquisition or obligate owners to provide any access to the public. Fox Point is home to three structures listed on the National and State of Wisconsin Registers of Historic Places. The Albert and Edith Adelman House - 7111 N. Barnett Lane This single-family residence, built in 1948, was designed by Frank Lloyd Wright. The home, placed on the register in 2005, remains a private residence. The Meyer Starke House - 7896 N. Club Circle This single-family house, built in 1925, was designed by Ernest Flagg and added to the register in 1985. The home remains a private residence. The Mary L. Nohl Art Environment - 7328 N. Beach Road This single-family house was designed by architect Henry Harshaw Hay, with site design by Mary L. Nohl. It was placed on the register in 2005. Milwaukee Shipwreck (Steam Screw) - Lake Michigan, 3 miles east of Fox Point The Milwaukee Shipwreck is a good example of the steam screw vessel property type for its role in the distinctive Great Lakes railcar ferry system.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 79 Resources - Appendix Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory Another means of documenting historic buildings and sites in the state is the Wisconsin Architecture and History Inventory. The Wisconsin Historical Society states: “The Architecture and History Inventory (AHI) is a collection of information on historic buildings, structures, sites, objects, and historic districts throughout Wisconsin. This Inventory is housed at the Wisconsin Historical Society in Madison and is maintained by the Society’s Division of Historic Preservation. The AHI is comprised of written text and photographs of each property, which document the property’s architecture and history. Most properties become part of the Inventory as a result of a systematic architectural and historical survey. From its beginning in the mid-1970s until 1980, reconnaissance surveys were conducted by summer students. Starting in 1980, intensive surveys were funded by subgrants and conducted by professional historic preservation consultants.” Like the National Register of Historic Places, AHI status creates no obligations or restrictions upon the private property rights of the owners. Fox Point is home to twenty-six buildings and sites which are also included on the Wisconsin AHI, three of which are included on the National Register of Historic Places, as previously mentioned. The remaining twenty-three include:  7026 N. Barnett Lane - Tudor revival house  7736 N. Beach Drive - Greek revival house  7807 Club Circle - Tudor revival house  7820 Club Circle - Tudor revival house  Doctor’s Park Monument at the southeast corner of Dean Road and Fox Lane - limestone pillars and monument  1712 Fox Lane - vernacular house  Peter Stormonth School (and the original home of the Fox Point-Bayside Library), 7301 N. Longacre Road - Greek revival school  North Shore Congregational Church, 7330 N. Santa Monica Boulevard - Georgian revival church  Brooks Stevens Residence, 8041 N. Gray Log Lane - Art Moderne house (see entry under Milwaukee County Landmarks, below)  957 Wye Lane - Tudor revival house  Delia & Arthur Stabelfeldt House, 8405 N. Lake Drive – side-gabled house  Fox Point Street Sign - NW corner of Dean Road and Lake Drive  Washington & Sarah Becker Summer House, 1461 Goodrich Lane - Chateauesque house  Home at the east side of Thorn Lane at the end of the road – Craftsman-style house  Mr. and Mrs. N. Paley Phillips House – 7623 N. Lake Drive  Thomas A. Rosier House – 8595 N. Seneca Road  Irving and Lorraine Armour House – 401 E. Bradley Road  8143 N. Port Washington Road – Bungalow house  Congregation Sinai Synagogue – 8223 N. Port Washington Road  6429 Santa Monica Boulevard – Dutch Colonial Revival house

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 80  6465 North Santa Monica Boulevard – Contemporary house  William Pessin House – 8580 N. Seneca Road  Doctor’s Park Bath House – 1870 E. Fox Point Lane Milwaukee County Landmarks Milwaukee County began appointing landmark status to properties in 1974 as a way to increase awareness of buildings and places with historical, architectural, or cultural significance. The Milwaukee County Historical Society maintains this information. Seven such places within Fox Point have received Milwaukee County Landmark recognition:  Albert and Edith Adelman House (see entry above).  Brooks Stevens House - located at 8041 N. Gray Log Lane. Art Moderne house, built in 1939, was designed by architect Fitzhugh Scott for industrial designer Brooks Stevens. Received county landmark status in 1981.  Old Dutch Schoolhouse and Burial Ground - located at 8400 N. Fox Lane. A log structure built by the Town of Milwaukee during the winter of 1853/4 once existed on the site. Burials at the site date to 1854. Received county landmark status in 1991.  Lake Drive Bus Stop Shelters - a series of four wooden shelters, designated for landmark status in 1994 for their unique contributions to Fox Point’s character. Located near the intersections of Lake Drive and Bell Road (built in 1940), Green Tree Road (1937), Bradley Road (1940), and Dean Road (1963).  Cast Iron Fox Point Street Signs - original street signs date to the 1930’s following the incorporation of the Village. Featuring white lettering over the silhouette of a fox, the signs were designated for landmark status in 2002 to recognize their contribution “to local identity and how the rising automobile culture influenced urban art.”  Friedlander Residence - located at 6970 N. Barnett Lane. Built in 1952 and designed by Willis and Lillian Leenhouts. Lillian Leenhouts was the first female architect to be licensed by the State of Wisconsin. Received county landmark status in 2006.  Mary Nohl House (see entry above). Other Local Landmarks A log cabin currently covered in siding, located at 503 E. Bradley Road, is commonly accepted to be the first log house in Fox Point. Archaeological Sites According to the document, ‘Fox Point - A Planned Village and Its History, 1843-1976’, Native American artifacts relating to Copper Culture, Mound Builder, and Hopewell peoples have all been found in Fox Point. Effigy mounds that once existed in the area have been destroyed through agricultural and mining practices. No archaeological sites in the Village of Fox Point are listed on the National or State Registers of Historic Places. The Wisconsin Historical Society and the Office of the State Archaeologist maintain a comprehensive database of sites throughout the state called the Archaeological Sites Inventory (ASI).

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural 81 Resources - Appendix Six sites listed on the ASI can be found in, or partially in, Fox Point. These six sites are:  The Dutch Cemetery near Doctor’s Park.  The St. John’s Lutheran Church Cemetery located in the 7900 block of N. Port Washington Road.  Shipwreck of the Dawn, a wooden schooner stranded in 1891 on Lake Michigan carrying lumber. The site covers the northeast corner of Doctor’s Park and extends east into Lake Michigan and north into Bayside.  Fox Point Mound – 411 Bradley Road.  Site near Doctor’s Park where village and workshop sites were excavated.  Site on the Johannes Filter Farm where prehistoric knives and other projectile points were found. Local Historical Societies and Collections The following groups specialize in studying and documenting the history of areas including Fox Point: North Shore Historical Society  The North Shore Historical Society is an educational institution dedicated to the communities of Fox Point, Bayside, Brown Deer, Glendale, River Hills, Shorewood, and Whitefish Bay. Milwaukee County Historical Society  The Milwaukee County Historical Society collects, preserves, and makes available materials related to the history of the City of Milwaukee and Milwaukee County. Wisconsin Historical Society  The Wisconsin Historical Society is home to substantial historic archives covering the entire state and is located in Madison. University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee Urban Archive  The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Urban Archive, located at the Golda Meir Library in Milwaukee, functions as an area research center for the Wisconsin Historical Society.

Chapter 3 | Natural and Cultural Resources - Appendix 82 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities Pg. 85 Overview Comments and Pg. 86 Ideas from Public Workshop #1

Highlights from Pg. 87 Online Public Survey

Pg. 88 Issues and Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 89 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 92 Implementation

Pg. 95 Appendix

83 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 84 Overview

This chapter serves to identify both existing and future utility infrastructure, community facilities, and public services in Fox Point. Some infrastructure and public services are provided by the Village independently while others are shared with surrounding North Shore communities, Milwaukee County, and even regionally. Utility infrastructure is provided through a number of agreements with various entities in the region. A list of these agreements with brief descriptions can be found in the appendix of this chapter. This chapter addresses Village infrastructure and public services issues and opportunities and suggests goals and recommendations to address them. Of particular importance is the maintenance of and ongoing improvements to existing stormwater management facilities. The Village is and will continue to be proactive in maintaining and expanding these facilities as appropriate. Additionally, the Village introduced native plants and rain gardens in roadway medians and public parking areas to address both the quality and quantity of stormwater runoff in an environmentally sensitive manner. The Village seeks to expand these efforts while encouraging private businesses and establishments to do the same. The Village has a number of community and recreational assets, including Indian Creek Park, Longacre Park, and the Fox Point Municipal Pool. Some Village facilities are in need of maintenance and replacement and provide an opportunity to reimagine use and location, including the possibility of repurposing of Longacre North (pavilion, pool or splash pad, and ice rink) as the village “community heart". A list of facilities can be found in the appendix of this chapter.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 85 Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities CommentsComments andand Ideas Ideas fromfrom Public Public WorkshopWorkshop #1 #1 A public workshop was An initialheld public at Village workshop Hall was on held atJanuary Village Hall 16, on2020. January This 16, 2020. The workshop included workshop included a a presentation on the general plan process,presentation key demographic on the changes,general and preliminary plan process, goals key and recommendationsdemographic changes, related to economicand preliminary development. goals The public andwas invitedrecommendations to post their commentsrelated and toideas utilities and andask questionscommunity of the Comprehensive facilities. The Plan Specialpublic Committee. was invited The to post followingtheir is acomments summary of and their ideas input. and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The following is a summary of their input and sample comments. Public Comments and Ideas • Protect and maintain shorelines with • Pool should stay where it is or be closed. Do structures that blend with the natural not move to Longacre. This would disrupt surroundings. the migratory movement of ducks and • Expedite the pool decision and building geese. Environmentalist backlash would be process. harsh if national groups found out. • Ensure residents maintain culverts - provide • Refrigerated ice rink - like Red Arrow resources and support on how. Park with Ice Ribbon similar to Chicago’s Millenium Park w/Pool at Longacre for multi- • The Public Works guys are great. Friendly, year use. professional guys that serve as community ambassadors while recycling & picking up • A restroom at Indian Creek - The port-a- tract. Love ‘em! potty is useful, but an eyesore. • Better community spaces for area events. • Establish fiber optic infrastructure to create broadband internet as a Village-owned • In goal and size and functionality of Village utility. facilities - add “operational efficiency” - Maximize operations, seasonality and community gathering opportunities.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 86 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including utilities and community facilities. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. The survey includes a question on which community institutions the Village should actively work with to strengthen partnerships. Responses indicated a desire for strengthened partnerships with government entities, civic groups, environmental groups, schools, the North Shore Library, and faith-based organizations, among others. Strengthening relationships with community institutions and organizations could allow for a greater number of programs and activities available to local residents and should be pursued where possible. Additional programming also allows for a greater variety of activities to be made available at community facilities. Another survey question asked respondents if the Village should group new cultural and recreational amenities in a single location to create a “Community Heart”. Forty-three percent agreed with this statement. A “Community Heart” would allow for community facilities, like a new recreational water facility, playgrounds, or bandstand to be situated in one location in order to maximize the proximity of facilities and maximize appeal across user groups.

The Village should group new cultural and recreational List any community institutions you think the Village should amenities in a single location to create a “Community actively work with to strengthen their partnerships. Heart.” Strongly 16% None 53 Agree Miscellaneous 11 Any Institutions 2 Somewhat 27% Scouting Organizations 3 Agree Faith-based Organizations 10 Neither Farmer's Market 7 Agree nor 32% Civic Groups, Environmental Groups 32 Disagree Schools 22 Somewhat Other local government entities 29 14% Disagree Business Groups 12 Local library 27 Strongly 10% Arts Organizations 2 Disagree Athletic Organizations 8 0 20 40 60 80 100 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 87 Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities Issues and Issues 1. Village stormwater facilities provide treatment of groundwater and prevention of flooding and need to Opportunities be maintained and potentially enhanced to continue to be effective. Issues and opportunities were 2. Water and wastewater facilities continue to age and derived from input gathered require consistent monitoring. during the public workshops and the online survey. Issues 3. Some community facilities are aging and require and opportunities were also ongoing maintenance. derived from the analysis of 4. Some community facilities are under-utilized and could relevant data as well as input from the Comprehensive host a greater number of activities and programming. Plan Special Committee. Opportunities A list of relevant issues and opportunities derived 1. Maintaining stormwater facilities and exploring new from these sources is listed methods of treating stormwater will allow the Village here and were used as a to control water quality and flooding in the most guide to form the goals effective manner. and recommendations in 2. The Village should continue to monitor aging this chapter and were also infrastructure and ensure timely maintenance is used as guidance on the performed. This includes buildings and facilities (i.e. prioritization of those goals. municipal pool).

3. Community facilities could be consolidated, where appropriate, in order to maximize the use of scarce public land. This includes a potential Village Center/Square -a community area or space.

4. Partnerships with local non-profits should continue to be utilized and explored in order to provide a greater mix of programming at community gathering areas and facilities.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 88 Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

Recommendations:

1. Continue to evaluate and assess the condition of wastewater infrastructure and include results in an ongoing maintenance schedule. 1 2. Coordinate wastewater system maintenance and replacement with transportation infrastructure improvements to ensure improvements are not duplicated.

Goal 1: Ensure proper treatment of wastewater in order to protect public health, groundwater quality, and surface water quality while meeting current and future needs.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 89 Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities Recommendations:

1. Continue to evaluate and assess the condition of water infrastructure and include results in an ongoing maintenance schedule. 2 2. Coordinate water system maintenance and replacement with transportation infrastructure improvements to ensure improvements are not duplicated.

Goal 2: Ensure the water supply for the Village has sufficient capacity, is in compliance with drinking water quality standards and regulations, and meets present and future needs.

3

Goal 3: Promote the Recommendations: use of appropriate 1. Encourage fiscally responsible retrofits to Village- sustainable owned structures which increase energy efficiency, infrastructure in order reduce stormwater runoff, and utilize recycled to achieve long-term materials for any maintenance or repair, where feasible. benefits for the Village. 2. Encourage enhanced landscaping within existing public parking areas to facilitate groundwater recharge, limit stormwater runoff, and reduce heat island effect.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 90 4

Goal 4: Ensure adequate size, Recommendations: functionality, and 1. Site future public facilities in central areas of the accessibility of Village. community facilities 2. Continue to periodically monitor the spatial needs of for Village facilities. Village departments.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 91 Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

One recommendation includes a combination of time frames. Goal 1 Ensure proper treatment of wastewater in order to protect public health, groundwater quality, and surface water quality while meeting current and future needs.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to evaluate and assess the condition of wastewater infrastructure and include results in an ongoing maintenance schedule. Ongoing

2. Continue to periodically monitor the spatial needs of Village departments. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 92 Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Ensure the water supply for the Village has sufficient capacity, is in compliance with drinking water quality standards and regulations, and meets present and future needs.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to evaluate and assess the condition of water infrastructure and include results in an ongoing maintenance schedule. Ongoing

2. Coordinate water system maintenance and replacement with transportation infrastructure improvements to ensure improvements are not duplicated. Ongoing Goal 3 Promote the use of appropriate sustainable infrastructure in order to achieve long-term benefits for the Village.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Encourage fiscally responsible retrofits to Village-owned structures which increase energy efficiency, reduce stormwater runoff, and utilize recycled materials for any maintenance or repair, where feasible. Long-Term

2. Encourage enhanced landscaping within existing public parking areas to facilitate groundwater recharge, limit stormwater runoff, and reduce heat island effect. Short-term and Ongoing

Goal 4 Ensure adequate size, functionality, and accessibility for Village facilities.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Site future public facilities in central areas of the Village. Long-Term

2. Continue to periodically monitor the spatial needs of Village departments. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 93 Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 94 4 | Appendix

Pg. 97 Utilities

Parks and Public Pg. 101 Facilities

95 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities 96 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to utilities and community facilities. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. Utilities Sanitary Sewer Service The sanitary sewer system in the Village of Fox Point is comprised of a network of sewer lines which ultimately drain into the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District’s (MMSD) Metropolitan Interceptor Sewer (MIS) system (see Figure 1 for the overall system and Figure 2 for the system in Fox Point). In the northern portion of Fox Point, sewage is conveyed to the South Shore Treatment Plant, while sewage from the southern portion of the Village may be conveyed to either the South Shore or Jones Island treatment facilities, depending on conditions. MIS pipes range from 8” to 150” in diameter and are constructed in reinforced concrete. MMSD also maintains a pump station in Fox Point near Lake Michigan. The Village owns and maintains the system of sewer pipes that convey waste from individual structures to the MMSD system. The Village Water/Sewer Utility Committee is continuously monitoring the condition of the Village’s sanitary sewer infrastructure. Some pipes in the Village are more than half a century old, and the Village is working to identify and replace inadequate infrastructure as it becomes feasible. Lines are constructed from a series of 3’ long clay tiles, which had an estimated life span of approximately 50 years. Many joints and tiles are now beginning to fail, allowing groundwater to seep into the sewer lines and increasing the treatment load at MMSD facilities. The Village has continued to operate a proactive program of repair and replacement of aging sewer components. MMSD has expressed an interest in transferring operation of the MIS and lift station located in Fox Point to the Village. Currently, the Village does not wish to manage either the MIS or the lift station. MMSD has adopted a 2020 Facilities Plan which “identifies facilities, programs, operational improvements, and policies required by 2020 to meet the existing regulatory framework and permitting requirements.” Within this plan, MMSD calls for measurements to be undertaken by municipalities to prevent increases in infiltration and inflow (I/I) through 2020. MMSD partners with Fox Point to implement its Private Property program. The program has helped the Village reduce excess water in its sanitary sewer system. These efforts have primarily focused on reducing clear water sources, such as sump pumps, at point of sale. In 2010, the Village adopted a new ordinance prohibiting all clear water connections to the sanitary sewer system which requires, among other things, that all foundation drains be disconnected. The Village’s Program provides 50% funding of the cost through reimbursement from MMSD, up to a $5,000 total benefit to the property owner. Smoke and dye water testing were performed during the summer and fall of 2015 in the Village sewershed – FP4003 to determine which sanitary sewer laterals require inspection for potential rehabilitation. The Village developed a direct mailing to send to affected property owners requesting authorization for access to perform the lateral inspection and dye test.

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community 97 Facilities - Appendix Figure 1: MMSD Interceptor Sewer Map Figure 2: Interceptor Sewer in Fox Point

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities - Appendix 98 Water Supply The Fox Point Water Utility is responsible for providing a water system that reliably distributes potable water from the North Shore Filtration Plant, located at 400 W. Bender Road in the City of Glendale. The plant’s three owner-municipalities are the Villages of Fox Point and Whitefish Bay and the City of Glendale. The plant, which purifies water from Lake Michigan, is managed by the North Shore Water Commission. A summary of the plant’s purification process, as listed in the Commission annual water quality report, is listed below: “Our treatment process starts when water enters our intake crib located in Lake Michigan. Bar screens prevent large objects from entering the intake, and a mussel control system prevents zebra and quagga mussels from accumulating in our pipes and equipment. Gravity forces the water to ll a large shorewell that has several raw water pumps submersed in it. After passing through another screen, lake water is pumped from this station to the main treatment plant. Upon arriving at the main facility, aluminum sulfate (alum) and polymer are added to promote settling of solids. This water then travels very slowly through a system of rectangular basins that provide a location for particulate matter to accumulate. Rapid sand filters remove the remaining particulate matter and clean water is stored in a clearwell below the filters. There are intermediate pumps (sometimes referred to as transfer or low lift pumps) which force the ltered water through a fully redundant ultraviolet (UV) disinfection system which inactivates pathogens such as cryptosporidium. Before entering the UV reactors, fluoride is added to the water to prevent tooth decay. After passing through the UV reactors, sodium hypochlorite (a form of chlorine) is added to the water to disinfect any remaining pathogens. Underground piping directs the water to our chlorine contact-time clearwells. While in these clearwells, chlorine has sufficient time to disinfect the water. Our high service pumps draws water from these clearwells into a chemical feed vault where ammonium hydroxide (also referred to as aqua ammonia) and phosphate are added. The ammonium hydroxide converts the chlorine to another disinfectant, chloramine, that is used by neighboring communities and can reduce disinfection by-products formation in the distribution system. Phosphate is also added at this point to reduce lead and copper leaching within pipes and plumbing fixtures in your home. Water leaving the main facility is metered as it enters the mains of the member communities. Within the distribution systems of Fox Point, Glendale, and Whitefish Bay, there are metered interconnections that are kept open to improve pressure and water quality. The NSWC also reads and maintains these meters.” The Commission’s latest annual water quality report was released in 2019. The report states that water from the facility meets all state and federal water quality requirements. Stormwater Management The Village of Fox Point maintains separate stormwater and sanitary systems. The stormwater system is comprised of a number of storm basins, outfalls, and storm sewers which ultimately drain into Lake Michigan, Indian Creek, or the Milwaukee River. While the separate system decreases the amount of water that needs to be processed in a treatment facility, it also means that any pollutants picked up from streets, driveways, and parking lots are carried directly into the water bodies unless the water is treated on-site or allowed to infiltrate back into the ground. Runoff from storm sewers can also cause erosion and increased sedimentation in affected water bodies while increasing the risk of flooding during storm conditions.

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community 99 Facilities - Appendix Vegetated swales, rain gardens, and detention ponds are examples of technologies that increase infiltration, limiting the amount of stormwater entering the system. Chapter 288 of Village Code formally established a Stormwater Utility to more effectively manage stormwater and other surface water discharges. The ordinance requires stormwater management expenses to be paid for by property owners on a fee basis. Implementation of the utility is expected to allow the Village to catch up on maintenance that had been deferred over the years. Fees are based on the amount of impervious surface on the property. Credits are granted for mitigating technologies such as rain gardens, rain barrels, or pervious paving. As a municipality in an urbanized area with separate storm and sanitary sewer systems, the Village must meet Federal Phase II Storm Water Rules. These rules define a permitting process related to the quantity and quality of stormwater discharge from municipal systems. In 2004, the WDNR modified Chapter NR 216 of the Wisconsin Administrative Code to reflect the changes at the federal level. The Village must meet the permitting requirements of NR 216. Solid Waste Disposal The Village of Fox Point conducts up-the-drive pickup of household solid waste on a weekly basis. Amounts over 1 cubic yard require a special pick-up. Recyclable materials are collected up-the- drive once per week by Veolia Environmental Services. The Village assesses an annual recycling fee to residents for this service. Yard waste, leaves, and branches up to 6” in diameter are collected curbside by the Village Department of Public Works at various times throughout the year. MMSD operates facilities for the collection of household hazardous waste, with the nearest facility located north of Brown Deer Road on Boundary Road. Communications and Media Fox Point is served by numerous broadcast radio and television stations from the City of Milwaukee and the surrounding area. Cable television is provided by Time-Warner cable. Satellite television is available through multiple providers. Broadband internet is widely available through a number of providers. Natural Gas Natural gas service is provided by We Energies. The Village should coordinate with We Energies on issues related to the gas main at Club Circle. Electricity Electrical service is provided by We Energies. Power for Southeastern Wisconsin is generated at coal- powered plants (three in Milwaukee County and one in Kenosha County) and combustion turbine plants using natural gas or oil (located in Jefferson, Ozaukee, Racine, and Washington Counties). Energy Independence More than 140 local government units across the State of Wisconsin passed Energy Independent Community resolutions beginning in 2008. These communities have pledged to generate at least a quarter of their energy for local government operations (buildings, infrastructure, and fleet vehicles) from renewable sources locally by 2025. Some of these communities have revisited their resolutions and increased their goals as high as 100 percent by 2030 to 2050. Some have expanded their goals community-wide to also include residents and businesses. Benefits of membership include increased access to state and federal funding, increased technical assistance from state and federal agencies, and reduced energy costs. The Village of Fox Point could consider becoming an Energy Independent Community.

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities - Appendix 100 Parks and Community Facilities The Village of Fox Point is home to one Milwaukee County park, two Village parks, and a variety of Village-owned and maintained green spaces.

Doctor’s Park Part of the Milwaukee County Parks system, Doctor’s Park is located along Lake Michigan at the intersection of Dean Road and Fox Lane. The park contains the following amenities, as illustrated in Figure 3.  Wooded areas  Native plant communities  Playground  Sand beach  Practice field with backstops  Restrooms  Picnic areas

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community 101 Facilities - Appendix Figure 3: Doctor’s Park

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities - Appendix 102 Indian Creek Park Indian Creek Park is located along the south and east sides of Indian Creek Parkway, just east of Port Washington Road. Indian Creek Park provides pedestrian paths, views of the creek and the surrounding residential area, tennis courts, soccer fields, a baseball diamond, and a large playground. This greenway contributes positively to the identity of neighboring residential areas, and along with the adjacent Indian Creek Woods, serves as a recreational amenity for all Village residents. Memorial Park At the intersection of Bradley Road with Lake Drive is Memorial Park, situated on the southwest corner of the crossing. In addition to providing a resting area for pedestrians on the Lake Drive path, Memorial Park serves as the last parade stop during the Village’s Memorial Day celebration. The Park provides passive recreation facilities only. Longacre Park Longacre Park is located in the center of the Village and is part of the original Fox Point planned community. Considered a pristine open space area in the heart of Fox Point, it is bounded by Lombardy Road on the west, Bell Road on the north, Longacre Road on the east, and Yates Road on the south. The park includes tennis courts, soccer fields, and a large playground. Additionally, the park houses both the Peter Stormonth School and the Longacre Pavilion. The pavilion serves as a warming house for an adjacent ice-skating area in the winter months.

Bridge Lane Ravine Footbridge The footbridge (pictured above) dates back to 1911 and is considered a Fox Point community landmark. A 2008 inspection found some of the steel supports to be badly deteriorated, and in October 2010, for safety reasons, the bridge was closed. In 2012, Footbridge Friends, Inc. was formed and a fundraising effort for a new bridge commenced. By the end of 2013, it was clear that Footbridge Friends had succeeded in raising over $500,000—one-half of the cost of a new bridge. On April 8, 2014 the village board approved construction, and the new bridge opened on November 16, 2014. The bridge provides public access to a scenic area of the village and provides beautiful views of the ravine, the tree canopy, and Lake Michigan.

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community 103 Facilities - Appendix Swimming Pool Fox Point operates a municipal swimming pool located at 7100 N. Santa Monica Boulevard. The pool operates from early June to late August. The pool accepts memberships or daily fees, and swimming lessons are available. In addition to these services, the site includes a small playground. However, this facility has experienced increasing maintenance costs and its future is currently being deliberated. The pool will either need an expensive renovation or will need to be closed and demolished with the potential for a new community pool to be built at another location. North Shore Libary Fox Point also cooperates with regional entities to provide cultural and business services, educational amenities, and recreational events. One example of this cooperation is the North Shore Library, which provides a library facility and associated services for Fox Point, Bayside, Glendale, and River Hills. (On August 24, 2020, the Glendale Common Council announced its intention to withdraw from the North Shore Library in 2023. Given this development, Fox Point and its fellow North Shore library partners will evaluate all future opportunities for the provision of library services deep into the 21st Century.) Cemeteries The following cemeteries are located within the Village:  Old Dutch Cemetery: 1820 E. Fox Lane, south side of Doctors Park (Figure 7.18)  Saint John’s Lutheran Cemetery: 7900 N. Port Washington Road, south of Bradley Road (Figure 7.19) Several cemeteries are located within five miles of Fox Point, including:  Evergreen Cemetery; Green Bay Road & Glendale Road in Milwaukee  Graceland Cemetery; 43rd Street & Mill Road in Milwaukee  Mequon Cemetery; Highway 57 & Mequon Road in Mequon  Saint Michael’s Cemetery; Sherman Road & Calumet Street in River Hills  Saint Peter’s Cemetery; N. Upper River Road in River Hills  Union Cemetery; N. Port Washington Road in Glendale Health Care Facilities A wide variety of hospitals and health care clinics are available in the Milwaukee metropolitan area. Some of those located most conveniently for Fox Point residents include:  Aurora Health Care Clinic; 8675 N. Port Washington Road, Fox Point  Aurora Advanced Health Care Surgical Center; 7007 Range Line Road, Glendale  Columbia Saint Mary’s Hospital; 2025 E. Newport Avenue, Milwaukee  Columbia Saint Mary’s Hospital; 11775 N. Port Washington Road, Mequon  Wheaton Franciscan Health Care Clinic ; 9252 N. Green Bay Road, Brown Deer  Wheaton Franciscan Health Care Clinic; 2400 W. Villard Road, Glendale North Shore Health Department The municipalities of Bayside, Brown Deer, Fox Point, Glendale, Whitefish Bay, Shorewood, and River Hills participate jointly in the North Shore Health Department. With two locations—at 4800 W. Green Brook Drive in Brown Deer and 2010 E. Shorewood Boulevard in Shorewood, the department provides a variety of health and welfare services, such as immunizations. Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities - Appendix 104

Child Care Facilities The Wisconsin Department of Children and Families (DCF) licenses child care providers in three categories. Family Child Care centers are licensed for eight or fewer children, Group Child Care centers are licensed for nine or more children, and Day Camps are licensed for facilities that are oriented toward the outdoors. There are no licensed child care providers in Fox Point in the Family Child Care or Day Camp categories. There are six providers in the Village that are licensed as Group Child Care centers. The lack of variety of child care services likely represents the lack of demand for such services due to Fox Point’s aging population. The Village would not be able to directly supply more child care services; however, a greater variety of child care services would be beneficial to attracting younger families to Fox Point in the future. Nursing Homes and Senior Services The Wisconsin Department of Health Services (DHS) compiles a list of licensed nursing homes in Wisconsin. There are no licensed nursing home facilities within the Village of Fox Point. There are also no such facilities in Bayside, Brown Deer, Shorewood, or Whitefish Bay. Three licensed nursing homes are located in Glendale, with a combined capacity for 327 residents. The Wisconsin DHS also licenses several types of assisted living facilities, some of which may cater to the elderly. One type is a Residential Care Apartment Complex (RCAC). These facilities include five or more individual apartments, and up to 28 hours per week of supportive (housekeeping, transportation, etc.), personal (meals, dressing, bathing, etc.), nursing, and emergency services may be provided. There are no RCAC facilities in Fox Point. In the vicinity, there is a 40-unit facility in Bayside, a 66-unit facility and a 95-unit facility in Brown Deer, an 85-unit facility in Glendale, and a 59-unit facility in Shorewood. Another type of assisted living facility is a Community Based Residential Facility (CBRF). Such facilities provide accommodations for 5 or more adults who need no more than an intermediate level of nursing services, totaling no more than 3 hours per week. CBRFs can admit people of advanced age, persons with dementia, developmental disabilities, mental health problems, physical disabilities, traumatic brain injury, AIDS, Alcohol and Other Drug Abuse, correctional clients, pregnant women needing counseling, and/or the terminally ill. Individual facilities typically specialize in one or more of those categories. Fox Point currently has two of these facilities, each with an 8-unit capacity.

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community 105 Facilities - Appendix

Chapter 4 | Utilities and Community Facilities - Appendix 106

5 | Transportation

Pg. 109 Overview

Pg. 110 Input from Public Workshop #1

Pg. 111 Highlights from Online Public Survey

Issues and Pg. 112 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 113 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 115 Implementation

Pg. 117 Appendix

107 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 108 Overview Overview

Transportation is an important planning aspect for Fox Point. The Village is a picturesque community easily accessible by driving, cycling, or walking with a linear street network and main thoroughfares running north and south. Lake Drive and Santa Monica Boulevard run through the heart of the community and Port Washington Road runs along the western edge. US Interstate I-43 runs north to south and lies just west of the Fox Point village boundary. These arterials provide easy access to neighboring communities. East-West thoroughfares include Bradley Road, Calumet Road, and Green Tree Road. These roads provide connectivity to Village neighborhoods, schools, and commercial areas. A few Village streets have sidewalks and bicycle lanes, but the majority lack sidewalks or curbs due to their original design. Residents enjoy walking and cycling through the Village and many streets see strong activity on weekends as well as before and after school. Additionally, the Village trails are located along roadways and through parks and natural areas. Residents can access a variety of destinations throughout the Village, yet may encounter multiple travel surfaces and facilities while doing so. This connectivity between Village neighborhoods and neighboring communities should be maintained and enhanced where possible while preserving Village character. Public survey results show support for pedestrian and bicycle improvements to key roads, especially in high pedestrian traffic areas. Improvements to local streets can provide enhanced safety for pedestrians, cyclists, and automobile drivers. In addition to potential existing street improvements, destination improvements are also important considerations. Specifically, there is a need for additional bicycle facilities at commercial destinations. While commercial shopping centers are already built and the Village does not control these facilities, making shopping centers more bicycle and pedestrian friendly is still important. Finally, as technology continues to advance, there are growing opportunities for transportation enhancements to address those changes. Electric vehicle use is increasing and there may be potential opportunities to enhance electric charging infrastructure. Road conditions are continuously evaluated by the Village and road replacements could utilize more environmentally sensitive or otherwise enhanced construction techniques and materials.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 109 Chapter 5 | Transportation CommentsComments andand IdeasIdeas fromfrom PublicPublic WorkshopWorkshop #1

AnA publicinitial public workshop workshop was washeld held at Villageat Village Hall Hall on onJanuary January 16, 16, 2020. 2020. This Theworkshop workshop included included a apresentation presentation onon the the generalgeneral plan plan process, process, key key demographic changes, demographic changes, and preliminary goals andand recommendations preliminary goals relatedand recommendations to economic development.related to transportation. The public wasThe invited public to was post invited their to commentspost their andcomments ideas and andideas ask and questions ask questions of the of Comprehensivethe Comprehensive Plan Plan SpecialSpecial Committee. Committee. The The followingfollowing is isa summarya summary of their input. of their input and sample comments.

Public Comments and Ideas

• Charging station for electric vehicles? • Bike racks at commercial developments? • Yes to charging stations! • Better pedestrian access from Maple Dale • Enhance paths to Stormonth and Maple School to shops at River Point/Audubon. Dale schools so kids can more safely • Sidewalks that are continual and not walk/bike. broken up. • Better bike lane on Lake Drive. • Sidewalks - to be or not to be? • Marked bike/pedestrian lane on Santa • Consider sidewalks in high traffic areas. Monica to encourage people to walk on • Sidewalks increase safety for kids on bikes the outside of the road where it is safer, and people walking or walking dogs. rather than along the median. • Drivers have to weave through pedestrians and bikers because they use both sides of this Santa Monica.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 110 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including housing. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. Fox Point is well served by a variety of local streets as well as county highways and US Interstate I-43. Fox Point also has a large number of tree-lined streets and residential neighborhoods ideal for walking. The majority of streets do not have sidewalks, which can cause pedestrian and vehicular conflict on busy roads. In order to identify local transportation issues and concerns, a number of specific questions were asked regarding where and how pedestrian accessibility should be addressed. Participants were asked if Fox Point should engage in bicycle and pedestrian planning and improve efforts to increase access and safety. Seventy- six percent of respondents either strongly or somewhat agreed with that statement. A pedestrian and bicycle plan would allow the Village to prioritize street improvements and determine the most manner in which to address pedestrian and bicycle safety. Respondents were also asked if the Village should explore the potential for greater pedestrian safety measures on high volume streets. Sixty-four percent of respondents agreed the Village should. This reinforces the need for planning and shows the local desire for additional safety measures to make the Village more walkable.

Fox Point should engage in bicycle and pedestrian The Village should explore the potential for greater pedestrian planning and improve efforts to increase access and safety measures on high volume streets. safety. Strongly 48% Agree Strongly Agree 44%

Somewhat Somewhat 28% 30% Agree Agree Neither Neither Agree Agree nor 13% 15% Disagree nor Disagree

Somewhat Somewhat 6% 6% Disagree Disagree

Strongly Strongly 4% 4% Disagree Disagree

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 111 Chapter 5 | Transportation Issues and Issues 1. Lack of bike lanes on major roads throughout village.

Opportunities 2. Few bike racks at commercial destinations.

3. Lack of pedestrian facilities, such as sidewalks, on Issues and opportunities were most major roads and at major intersections. derived from input gathered during the public workshops 4. No charging stations for electric vehicles. and the online survey. Issues and opportunities were also Opportunities derived from the analysis of 1. Consider striping bike lanes on major roads, such as relevant data as well as input Santa Monica Boulevard, Bradley Road, and/or East from the Comprehensive Green Tree Road. Plan Special Committee. A list of relevant issues 2. Encourage bike rack installation at the three and opportunities derived shopping centers and consider installation of these from these sources is listed facilities at Village offices and Long Acre Park. here and were used as a 3. Install sidewalks and crosswalks on roads where guide to form the goals there are destinations and connections to adjacent and recommendations in sidewalks and trails. this chapter and were also used as guidance on the 4. Install charging stations at parks and or Village government office parking areas, where possible. prioritization of those goals.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 112 Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

1

Goal 1: Monitor and maintain transportation infrastructure in the Village. Recommendations: 1. As existing transportation infrastructure is replaced, explore the use of alternative construction techniques and design in order to include pedestrian and bicycle improvements.

2. Continue to evaluate and assess the quality of transportation infrastructure using the Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) or other method.

3. Continue to utilize the Village Geographic Information (GIS) system to inventory and plan for improvements to the Village’s transportation infrastructure.

4. Study the feasibility of installing electric automobile charging stations at Village parking areas in a cost- effective manner.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 113 Chapter 5 | Transportation Recommendations:

1. Continue to collaborate with SEWRPC, Milwaukee County, and neighboring agencies, organizations, and communities regarding the provision and 2 enhancement of transportation alternatives. 2. Support programs that provide transit or ride-sharing services for the elderly, persons with disabilities, and other persons who cannot drive or who have difficulty using a private automobile.

Goal 2: Support transportation options that supplement private automobiles.

3

Recommendations:

1. Continue maintenance of dedicated bicycle lanes in Goal 3: Work to order to increase biker safety and maintain linkages improve pedestrian between residential neighborhoods. and bicycle 2. Study the potential for additional crosswalks at circulation, safety, intersections which connect existing or future and accessibility pathways. throughout the Village. 3. Encourage the installation of bicycle racks at all commercial and institutional buildings.

4. Consider a program which encourages greater utilization of the Village’s historic bus shelters on Lake Drive by those using the Lake Drive path.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 114 Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

Goal 1 Monitor and maintain transportation infrastructure in the Village.

Timing of Recommendations

1. As existing transportation infrastructure is replaced, explore the use of alternative construction techniques and design in order to include pedestrian and bicycle improvements. Ongoing

2. Continue to evaluate and assess the quality of transportation infrastructure using the Pavement Surface Evaluation and Rating (PASER) or other method. Ongoing

3. Continue to utilize the Village Geographic Information (GIS) system to inventory and plan for improvements to the Village’s transportation infrastructure. Ongoing

4. Study the feasibility of installing electric automobile charging stations at Village parking areas in a cost-effective manner. Long-Term

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 115 Chapter 5 | Transportation Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Support transportation options that supplement private automobiles.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to collaborate with SEWRPC, Milwaukee County, and neighboring agencies, organizations, and communities regarding the provision and enhancement of transportation alternatives. Ongoing

2. Support programs that provide transit or ride-sharing services for the elderly, persons with disabilities, and other persons who cannot drive or who have difficulty using a private automobile. Ongoing Goal 3 Work to improve pedestrian and bicycle circulation, safety, and accessibility throughout the Village.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue maintenance of dedicated bicycle lanes in order to increase biker safety and maintain linkages between residential neighborhoods. Ongoing

2. Study the potential for additional crosswalks at intersections which connect existing or future pathways. Short-term

3. Encourage the installation of bicycle racks at all commercial and institutional buildings. Ongoing

4. Consider a program which encourages greater utilization of the Village’s historic bus shelters on Lake Drive by those using the Lake Drive path. Long-Term

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 116 5 | Appendix

Transportation in the Pg. 119 Village of Fox Point

Transportation in the Pg. 121 Region

Pg. 126 Other Transportation Initiatives

117 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation 118 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to transportation. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. TRANSPORTATION IN THE VILLAGE OF FOX POINT Streets and Highways The Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT) maintains a database entitled the Wisconsin Information System for Local Roads (WISLR) which contains county and local street information including pavement conditions. Additionally, WisDOT maintains Average Annual Daily Traffic (AADT) data for public review. Figure 1 illustrates the AADTs in the Village of Fox Point as of 2020. US Interstate I-43 serves as the main north-south artery connecting the Village to Milwaukee. The number of cars that pass along North Lake Drive daily ranges between roughly 3,000 and 6,500. Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Fox Point currently maintains bicycle and pedestrian paths including a path that stretches the entire length of Lake Drive along the western side of the roadway. A striped bicycle and pedestrian lane along Calumet Road from Lake Drive to North Port Washington Road was constructed in 2019 and provides a shared lane separated from vehicular travel. Other sidewalks can be found along local roads; however, pedestrians and bicyclists predominantly travel along the shoulders of local roads and on public trails. Air Transportation No airports exist in the Village. Chartered air service and air freight services are available in Washington County at the West Bend Municipal and Hartford Municipal airports and Lawrence Timmerman Field in Milwaukee County. The Waukesha County Airport/Crites Field serves corporate and recreational pilots. The nearest commercial airline service is provided by General Mitchell International Airport in Milwaukee. Railroads The Union Pacific Railway, which provides freight services, passes through the Village of Fox Point. The Village does not have a station that provides access to the trains. The nearest Amtrak station is located in downtown Milwaukee. Water Transportation There are no waterways used as transportation in the Village of Fox Point. McKinley Marina in Milwaukee is the nearest public facility for boats. The Port of Milwaukee is the closest facility to the Village which accommodates freight transportation.

Chapter 5 | Transportation - Appendix 119 Figure 1: Annual Average Daily Traffic

Chapter 5| Transportation - Appendix 120 Transportation in the Region The current Regional Transportation Plan, ‘VISION 2050: A Regional Land Use and Transportation Plan’, was prepared by the Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Planning Commission (SEWRPC). The plan makes recommendations to local and state government to shape and guide land use development and transportation improvement, including public transit, arterial streets and highways, freight, and bicycle and pedestrian facilities, to the year 2050. The plan includes transportation conditions that relate directly and indirectly to Fox Point and are summarized below. The transportation component of VISION 2050 includes public transit, bicycle and pedestrian, transportation systems management, and travel demand management components. Public Transit Element The public transit element of VISION 2050 recommends a significant improvement and expansion of public transit in Southeastern Wisconsin, including four commuter rail lines, eight rapid transit lines, and significantly expanded local bus, express bus, commuter bus, and shared- ride services. These commuter services are intended to provide frequent service every 15 minutes during peak hours and every 30 to 60 minutes at all other times. Commuter bus services would be extended to serve new areas, and existing services would run in both directions throughout the day. Fares would start at the same level as local, express, and rapid services, and would increase with travel distance. Figure 2 illustrates public transit in the Fox Point area as of 2019. Currently, Fox Point is served by Bus Route 143 (Ozaukee County Express), Bus Route 42U (6th St.-Port Washington Rd. UBUS), and Bus Route 63 (Silver Spring-Port Washington) of the Milwaukee County Transit System.

Figure 2: Public Transit in the Fox Point Area

Source: SEWRPC Vision 2050 Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation - Appendix 121

Figure 3 shows the recommended commuter bus services in red, with park-ride lots served by commuter bus identified by the circles, and commuter rail services in orange, with station locations identified by the circles. The recommended commuter services would generally have stops or stations at least two miles apart and are intended to provide travel times that are competitive or better than cars over longer travel distances. As of 2019, no commuter bus routes or park and ride facilities are present within Fox Point though a park and ride facility is planned for the intersection of Brown Deer Road and North Port Washington Road. Figure 3: Recommended Commuter Bus Services

Source: SEWERPC Vision 2050 Plan Chapter 5| Transportation - Appendix 122 Figure 4 shows Fox Point is located between future Commuter Rail Line stops in Glendale and Brown Deer which “could be considered in future studies” yet are not proposed as a current Vision 2050 extension. Figure 4: Potential Extensions of the Commuter Rail Network: VISION 2050

Source: SEWRPC Vision 2050 Plan Chapter 5 | Transportation - Appendix 123

Park and Ride Facilities Figure 5 shows park and ride facilities easily accessible by local residents but not located within Fox Point. Brown Deer/River Hills This lot, labeled as #8 in Figure 4, has 360 parking spaces available. On an average weekday in 2012, 98 of those spots (27%) were utilized. North Shore/Glendale The North Shore/Glendale lot, labeled as #7, has 195 parking spaces. An average of 98 spaces (50%) were utilized on a typical weekday in 2012.

Figure 5: Existing Park-Ride Lots and Transit Stations Located in the Region

Source: SEWRPC Vision 2050 Plan

Chapter 5| Transportation - Appendix 124

Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities VISION 2050 recommends a well-connected bicycle and pedestrian network that improves access to activity centers, neighborhoods, and other destinations in the region and encourages bicycle and pedestrian travel as a safe, attractive alternative to driving. Bicycle recommendations for VISION 2050 include providing on-street bicycle accommodations on the arterial street and highway system, expanding the off-street bicycle path system, implementing enhanced bicycle facilities in key regional corridors, and expanding bike share program implementation. VISION 2050 also includes recommendations for the location, design, and construction of pedestrian facilities. VISION 2050 further recommends that local communities develop bicycle and pedestrian plans to supplement the regional plan. Providing Pedestrian Facilities that Facilitate Safe, Efficient, and Accessible Pedestrian Travel VISION 2050 recommends that sidewalks be provided along streets and highways in areas of existing or planned urban development based on identified criteria presented in the design guidelines; that gaps in the pedestrian network be addressed through neighborhood connections to regional off-street bicycle paths, transit, and major destinations; that sidewalks be designed and constructed using widths and clearances appropriate for the levels of pedestrian and vehicular traffic in any given area; and that terraces or buffered areas be provided, where feasible, between sidewalks and streets for enhancing the pedestrian environment. VISION 2050 further encourages making efforts to maximize pedestrian safety at street crossings, including:  The timing of walk signal phases  The construction of pedestrian median islands in wide, heavily traveled, or otherwise hazardous roadways  The construction of curb extensions (“bulb-outs”) that narrow the crossing distance for pedestrians at intersections  Implementing speed humps, raised crosswalks, and raised intersections to slow traffic and increase the visibility of pedestrians VISION 2050 also emphasizes that all pedestrian facilities be designed and constructed in accordance with the Federal Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) and its implementing regulations. The ADA requires all pedestrian facilities that access public and commercial buildings and services to accommodate people with disabilities. VISION 2050 encourages communities with 50 or more employees to maintain updated ADA transition plans which evaluate and plan for physical improvements to address accessibility for people with disabilities. Specific guidance on the location and design of pedestrian facilities, including relevant ADA requirements and appropriate regulations, is presented in the design guidelines.

Chapter 5 | Transportation - Appendix 125 Transportation Systems Management Transportation Systems Management (TSM) manages and operates existing transportation facilities to maximize their carrying capacity and travel efficiency. TSM recommendations for VISION 2050 relate to freeway traffic management, surface arterial street and highway traffic management, and major activity center parking management and guidance. The specific TSM measures within each of the three categories collectively would be expected to result in a more efficient and safer transportation system. Travel Demand Management Travel Demand Management (TDM) is a series of measures or strategies intended to reduce personal and vehicular travel or to shift such travel to alternative times and routes, allowing for more efficient use of the existing capacity of the transportation system. The intended goal is to reduce traffic volume, congestion, air pollutant emissions, and fuel consumption. These measures should be technically and politically feasible in order to be effective. They should also be integrated with public transit, bicycle and pedestrian, and arterial street and highway improvements and combined into coherent packages so that a variety of measures are implemented. VISION 2050 recommends TDM measures, including HOV preferential treatment, park-ride lots, personal vehicle pricing, TDM promotion, and detailed site-specific yet neighborhood and major activity center land use plans. It should be noted that there is an inherent overlap between the TDM and public transit elements of VISION 2050, and the transit element recommends a number of additional measures that would reduce personal and vehicular travel beyond those included in the TDM element. Other Transportation Initiatives SEWRPC also prepared an updated version of the ‘A Transportation Improvement Program for Southeastern Wisconsin (TIP): 2019 - 2022.’ This transportation improvement program (TIP) is the thirtieth such program prepared for the Southeastern Wisconsin Region and is a Federally required listing of all arterial highway and public transit improvement projects proposed to be carried out by State and local governments over the next four years (2019-2022). Per this document, there is only one project planned within or adjacent to the Village of Fox Point:  Resurface I-43 from Silver Spring Drive to the northern border of Milwaukee County. The SEWRPC 2035 Regional Transportation Plan includes proposed functional improvements to the arterial street and highway system, (Figure 6.5) which are intended to be put into place by 2035. Two projects will affect the Village of Fox Point:  I-43 widening from 4 to 6 lanes  Resurfacing of Lake Drive in the Village. Specifically, the freeway expansion will have significant impacts on the Village in terms of traffic, noise mitigation, and land use. Bridge reconstruction is also expected to take place over Interstate 43 at Good Hope Road and Brown Deer Road, along with the resurfacing of Green Tree Road. Wisconsin Bicycle Transportation Plan 2020 The ‘Wisconsin Bicycle Transportation Plan 2020’ is WisDOT’s statewide long-range bicycle plan. The plan makes several recommendations for government agencies to follow when making decisions regarding bicycle transportation.

Chapter 5| Transportation - Appendix 126 The roles and responsibilities for communities are:  Develop, revise, and update long-range bicycle plans and maps.  Consider the needs of bicyclists in all street projects (especially collector and arterial streets) and build bicycle facilities accordingly.  Promote and offer bicycle safety programs.  Promote bicyclist-friendly development through plans, zoning, and subdivision ordinances.  Provide bike racks at public and commercial areas.  Consider providing locker room facilities for employees.  Consider bicycle racks on buses.  Encourage business involvement to increase bicycle commuting and other functional trips.  Help promote bike-to-work/school days. WisDOT works with the Wisconsin DNR to preserve trail opportunities by passing on its first right of acquisition for abandoned, privately-owned rail lines to DNR. WisDOT also conveys to DNR and counties full or partial rights to lines that it owns after consideration has been given to using the abandoned lines for continued rail or other transportation. Midwest Regional Rail Initiative Department of Transportation agencies in Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, Ohio, and Wisconsin sponsored an effort entitled the Midwest Regional Rail Initiative to develop an improved and expanded passenger rail system in the Midwest. Proposed routes in Wisconsin would connect Chicago to Minneapolis/Saint Paul via Milwaukee and Madison and a route from Milwaukee to Green Bay via the Fox Cities.

Chapter 5 | Transportation - Appendix 127

Chapter 5| Transportation - Appendix 128

6 | Land Use

Pg. 131 Overview

Comments and Pg. 132 Ideas from Public Workshop

Pg. 133 Highlights from Online Public Survey

Pg. 134 Key Demographics

Issues and Pg. 135 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 136 Recommendations

Pg. 137 Future Land Use Map

Timing and Pg. 139 Implementation

Pg. 141 Appendix

129 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 130 Overview

Evaluating land use patterns and planning for future land use is an important part of the comprehensive planning process. This chapter seeks to provide guidance for responding to changing residential and non-residential demand while respecting and enhancing existing land uses Village character. The existing land uses of the Village are predominantly residential with single- family housing comprising 70% of the community’s total land area. Commercial areas comprise less than 2% of all land in the Village. Fox Point is landlocked by Lake Michigan to the east and incorporated municipalities to its north, south, and west. Because of this, annexation of additional land to the Village is impossible and the Village needs to utilize existing land, infrastructure, and building resources in the best way possible to accommodate change in land use needs. The Port Washington Road corridor is an important area for redevelopment in the Village and is a location where future land use planning is possible. This corridor could host additional residential, mixed-use, or commercial development, including local businesses like bars, restaurants, and local shops. Community input during this planning process emphasized the importance of integrating new development and redevelopment in a manner that is sensitive to the established neighborhoods and provides for additional uses. Neighborhoods should be preserved while allowing for changing housing needs and residential redevelopment. Neighborhoods should also be connected to surrounding recreational and commercial uses while having adequate buffers between them. New businesses and amenities should contain site elements that complement their surroundings and maximize compatibility with surrounding neighborhoods. These elements could include landscaped parking areas, facades that are in keeping with existing buildings around them, and facilities with bicycle and pedestrian access. This chapter builds upon the observations and recommendations of previous chapters as well as specific issues and opportunities in this chapter in order to establish overall guidance for future Village development. It includes a Future Land Use map which allows for the potential for residential and commercial demand while accounting for existing commercial and mixed-use areas, parks, and current property zoning. Goals and recommendations are also provided to address land use planning issues and capitalize on new opportunities.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 131 Chapter 6 | Land Use CommentsComments andand Ideas Ideas fromfrom Public Public WorkshopWorkshop #1 #1 A public workshop was An initial public workshop was held at Village Hall on held at Village Hall on January 16, 2020.January The workshop 16, 2020. included This a presentationworkshop on includedthe general a plan process,presentation key demographic on the changes,general and preliminary plan process, goals key and recommendationsdemographic changes, related to economicand preliminary development. goals The public andwas invitedrecommendations to post their commentsrelated and toideas land and use. ask The questionspublic of the was Comprehensive invited to post Plan Special Committee. The their comments and ideas following is a summary of their input. and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The following is a summary of their input and sample comments.

Public Comments and Ideas • Do residents know that the Chipstone Foundation property is open to the public? It is a potential meeting/gathering opportunity. • Can the Village buy unused commercial property, such as the Port China space to develop it and get rid of the eyesore? Maybe convert to open space? • What is the status of the properties directly across from the Village pumping station? • Can the Village work with the County to have a dog park installed in Doctors Park? • Put benches/picnic tables along the public access area along Beach Drive.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 132 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including housing. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. The survey included a question about ways community character in the Village can be enhanced. Respondents favored improved roads, infrastructure, and recreational areas as well as community projects and events. Additionally, respondents favored the incorporation of more restaurants, stores, and bars. Survey takers were also asked what type of development they would like to see along Port Washington Road. Forty percent of survey takers responded they would like to see mixed use, while 35% indicated they would like to see more commercial development, including retail. The redevelopment of Port Washington Road could provide residents with some of the additional dining and shopping options they want to see.

Please suggest ways in which community character in the Village can be enhanced If the Village were to encourage more redevelopment along Port Washington Road, what type of development would you like to see? No Change 51 Commercial Miscellaneous 3 development, 35% Restaurants, Stores, and Bars 86 including retail Improve Recreation Areas 88 Improve Roads and Infrastructure 107 Senior living Improve Green space 37 residential 14% Code Enforcement and Revisions 59 development Community Projects and Events 66 Litter Control 3 Office 11% Affordable Housing 1 development Public Transit 1 Better Schools 6 Mixed use Government Transparency and Staff 17 (commercial 40% Expand Community Trash Collection 7 with residential) Increase Diversity 3 Business and Industrial Development 3 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0 20 40 60 80 100 120

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 133 Chapter 6 | Land Use Key Demographics Village demographics were updated to reflect changes in the community since 2010 and to compare Fox Point to the surrounding North Shore communities as well as Milwaukee County. Additional land use information can be found at the end of this chapter and additional demographics can be found in Appendix B. Key Village land use demographics show the population of Fox Point to be declining. According to the US Census, the population in 1990 was 7,238. This number steadily declined to 6,701 in 2010. The Wisconsin Department of Administration estimated the population to be 6,571 in 2019, representing another decline, although at a slower rate than the period from 1990 to 2010. The amount of land dedicated to different Village uses is shown by number of acres and by percentage of the total. Seventy percent of the land is dedicated to single-family housing. Sixteen percent consists of roads and right-of-way. Four percent is dedicated to government and institutional uses. The amount dedicated to commercial is just 1.76%, making Fox Point a predominantly residential community.

Fox Point Population Trends Fox Point Property Area by Existing Land Use

1990 7,238

2000 7,012

2010 6,701

2019 6,571

0 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 Source: US Census, Wisconsin DOA

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 134 Issues and Issues 1. Some of the vacant properties along the Port Washington Road corridor need to be cleaned up Opportunities and/or put back into use.

Issues and opportunities were 2. Public open space could be made more accessible with improvements to access, amenities, and derived from input gathered facilities. during the public workshops and the online survey. Issues 3. Village character needs to be maintained and and opportunities were also changes to existing land uses should be respectful of derived from the analysis of that character. relevant data as well as input 4. The commercial development needs to be from the Comprehensive respectful of residential neighborhoods and Plan Special Committee. appropriate buffers need to be maintained, while A list of relevant issues allowing for connections and accessibility. and opportunities derived from these sources is listed Opportunities here and were used as a 1. Continue to update the future land use plan and use guide to form the goals as a guide to redevelopment. and recommendations in this chapter and were also 2. Look for ways or incentives to encourage used as guidance on the redevelopment of Port Washington Road. prioritization of those goals. 3. Encourage or require any new redevelopment projects to have respectful site layout, parking, and landscaping which are pedestrian friendly and are good neighbors to residential areas.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 135 Chapter 6 | Land Use Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

Recommendations:

1. Continue to support current land uses in the Village.

2. Ensure that any land use changes proposed by 1 property owners are consistent with the land use plan. 3. Identify any areas or properties which need particular study or planning in order to encourage timely and appropriate redevelopment.

Goal 1: Establish a guiding land use plan to guide Fox Point development, redevelopment, conservation, and preservation.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 136 Recommendations:

1. Maintain existing open space between commercial/ institutional areas and residential neighborhoods, and where feasible, encourage the enhancement of 2 landscaping to provide appropriate buffers. 2. Maintain existing neighborhood pathway connections between residential areas and commercial areas, schools, community park spaces, and wooded areas.

3. As commercial redevelopment occurs within the Village, encourage property owners to solicit input Goal 2: Foster from stakeholders. compatibility between neighboring uses. 4. Support mixed use development in the Village in an effort to foster connections between where residents live, work, and play.

Future Land Use Map The Future Land Use map shows future land use districts which should be used as a guide for evaluating future development and redevelopment. These districts include Commercial, Government/Institutional, Multi Family Residential, Open Space/Recreation, and Low Density Residential. Use of the Future Land Use map when making land use decisions should help to ensure compatibility with surrounding neighborhoods and commercial corridors.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 137 Chapter 6 | Land Use Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 138 Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

However, there are no short-term recommendations in this chapter.

Goal 1 Establish a guiding land use plan to guide Fox Point development, redevelopment, conservation, and preservation.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to support current land uses in the Village. Ongoing

2. Ensure that any land use changes proposed by property owners are consistent with the land use plan. Ongoing

3. Identify any areas or properties which need particular study or planning in order to encourage timely and appropriate redevelopment. Long-Term

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 139 Chapter 6 | Land Use Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Foster compatibility between neighboring uses.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Maintain existing open space between commercial/institutional areas and residential neighborhoods, and where feasible, encourage the enhancement of landscaping to provide appropriate buffers. Ongoing

2. Maintain existing neighborhood pathway connections between residential areas and commercial areas, schools, community park spaces, and wooded areas. Ongoing

3. As commercial redevelopment occurs within the Village, encourage property owners to solicit input from stakeholders. Ongoing

4. Support mixed use development in the Village in an effort to foster connections between where residents live, work, and play. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 140 6 | Appendix

Land Use Planning Pg. 143 in the Village of Fox Point

Land Use Planning in Pg. 146 the Region

Amending the Future Pg. 149 Land Use Plan

Using the Future Pg. 149 Land Use Plan Map

141 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 6 | Land Use 142 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to land use. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. Land Use Planning in the Village of Fox Point Land use planning enables the community to guide how development or redevelopment will occur, what types of activities and densities are allowed, and how the preservation of the existing community structure can be achieved. A Future Land Use Map has been developed as part of this Comprehensive Planning Process. Chapter 6 includes a Future Land Use Map showing the general development pattern for the Village. Land use planning is generally based on standards that reflect the desires of residents, staff, and elected officials, along with proven principles in community maintenance and environmental preservation. The Land Use Map in Chapter 6 accounts for both residential and commercial demand, existing commercial and mixed-use areas, corridors, parks, natural areas, existing land use, and current property zoning. The map should be used as a guide for new construction, redevelopment, and zoning decisions. Residential Development Demand The Wisconsin Department of Administration (DOA) predicts Fox Point will continue decline in population for the next several decades. Therefore, it is assumed that the existing housing supply is adequate to house Fox Point’s residents for the foreseeable future. Additionally, the amount of development that is anticipated in the Village over the next 30 years is expected to be minimal, mostly because there is little land left for new development. Existing properties would need to be redeveloped to accommodate most future residential growth. However, other trends may create inadequacies in the housing stock over time. Changing demographics such as an aging population may make single-family homes on mid-sized or large lots less desirable while simultaneously creating a demand for accessible single-story homes on smaller lots, temporary assisted living arrangements, or ‘parents apartments’ created through the renovation of a single-family home. Household composition may also change over time with a trend towards smaller household sizes, including empty-nesters and childless singles and couples. Lastly, the desire for more sustainable housing could result in renovations to structures and property to minimize energy use and/or low environmental impacts. Commercial Development Demand There is little room left for new commercial development. Therefore, the redevelopment of existing sites will need to accommodate future demand for commercial growth. This may involve altering requirements for lot coverage or building height to allow denser development in commercial zones. The Village may also consider allowing mixed-uses in some commercial zones in order to include residential units above ground-floor commercial uses. Industrial Development Demand Currently, there is no land in the Village of Fox Point zoned for industrial use. The zoning ordinance in place does not include any industrial districts. There are adequate amounts of industrial land in the Milwaukee metro area to accommodate for future demand. Industrial zones would not be compatible with existing land uses and it is not anticipated that Fox Point would need to create industrial zones in the duration of this plan.

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 143

Commercial/Mixed-Use areas There are three commercial and mixed-use areas in Fox Point. Brown Deer/Port Washington Area This area consists of the RiverPoint Village at the southwest corner of Brown Deer Road and Port Washington Road and associated commercial development including Audubon Court to the east of Port Washington Road. RiverPoint Village is anchored by a Best Buy retail store. The center also includes other small retail and dining establishments. Similar commercial activity is located on the southeast corner of Brown Deer and Port Washington Roads in Fox Point, and north of Brown Deer Road in Bayside. A recent planned unit development east of Port Washington Road, The Chiswick at Dunwood, includes 103 new luxury apartment units. This district forms a primary gateway into Fox Point with Brown Deer Road bringing traffic in from I-43. Bradley/Port Washington Area This area consists of the northeast, northwest, and southeast corners of the Bradley Road/Port Washington Road intersection. The character of this area is relatively suburban with low-rise buildings, deep setbacks with moderate landscaping, overhead power lines, and visually prominent parking areas. There are some vacant or underutilized properties which represent redevelopment opportunities along this corridor. One example would be the gas station property located at the intersection of North Port Washington Road and West Bradley Road which represents an opportunity for redevelopment through the repair or rehabilitation of the existing structure. Lower Santa Monica Boulevard This area includes the area between Santa Monica Boulevard, the railroad right-of-way, Green Tree Road and the parcel located across Green Tree Road to the north. The parcel north of Green Tree Road houses a two-story bank. To the south, the Fox Point Shops house a large bicycle shop along with other smaller retailers. Extending south along Santa Monica Boulevard are two strip developments that constitute the remainder of the Shops. Parking for all of these buildings is located in a visually prominent location between the buildings and the street. Arterial Parkway Corridors Upper Santa Monica Greenway This corridor along the east side of Santa Monica Boulevard from just north of Green Tree Road to Bradley Road consists primarily of institutional uses. The area includes several religious facilities, Village Hall, the Police Station, and the Town Club. This area also includes several low to medium density residences. All properties in the corridor are zoned F (or institutional), including residences. Lake Drive Greenway The Lake Drive Corridor spans the entire length of Fox Point from School Road to Dean Road, passing through primarily low-density residential areas. The corridor is suburban in character and is lined with mature trees and other vegetation. Stormwater swales typically line both sides of the street, with a side path located on one side. Indian Creek Greenway This corridor includes Indian Creek and the Indian Creek Parkway starting at Port Washington Road on the east, stretching to Dean Road where the parkway becomes Santa Monica Boulevard, and ending at Bradley Road on the south.

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 144

The Indian Creek Parkway has been extensively reconstructed in recent years to restore the creek along with green space along the creek, including the installation of a decorative pedestrian bridge. The Santa Monica Boulevard portion of the greenway includes three publicly managed green spaces in courts located on the west side of the boulevard. Existing Land Use Figure 1 provides the square footage, number of acres, and percent of the total area for each existing land use category in Fox Point. Existing land use is predominantly urban and residential. Figure LU-2 shows that 71% of the Village is comprised of single-family residential use, 3% as multi- family use. Commercial uses account for 2% of total land use and government and institutional uses comprise 4% of all land in Fox Point. Private recreational land use makes up 0.5% and public recreational uses make up 2%. The remaining land use is dedicated to utilities or right-of-way. Figure 1: Land Use by Square Feet, Acres, and Percentage of Total Area

Sq. Ft. Acres % of Total Commercial 1,398,554 32.11 1.76% Government/Institutional 3,184,208 73.10 4.00% Multi Family 2,369,434 54.39 2.97% Private Recreational 358,341 8.23 0.45% Public Recreational 1,790,279 41.10 2.25% Single Family 56,312,074 1,292.75 70.67% Utilities 1,514,600 34.77 1.90% Right-of-Way 12,751,680 292.74 16.00% Total 79,679,170 1,829.18 100.00% Source: ESRI, Village of Fox Point

Zoning The Fox Point Zoning Ordinance can be found in Chapter 14 of Village Code. According to the ordinance; “The enactment of the regulations of this chapter is essential for the promotion of the public health, morals and public safety, and is further necessary for the promotion of the public welfare, convenience and general prosperity of the village and its inhabitants by the prevention of unregulated and unrestricted development.” The Village of Fox Point Zoning Ordinance includes five residential districts, two business districts, one institutional district, and two overlay districts. The Zoning Ordinance sets standards in each district for permitted and conditional uses, lot dimensions, building heights, and other restrictions. According to the Zoning Ordinance, the Planned Development Overlay District is; “intended to allow for greater flexibility, variety of use, and design freedom than would be permitted by the standard application of basic district regulations, in the case of tracts of land of suitable size and appropriate location, where the unified and planned development of such tract and the increased flexibility, variety of use and design freedom would achieve optimum utilization of the site and produce a more aesthetically satisfying and economically desirable development than would result from the application of basic district controls.” Planned developments must be approved by the Village Board. There are currently five Planned Development Overlay (PDO) Districts in Fox Point. Two PDO districts are located northwest of the Bradley Road and North Port Washington Road intersection and another is located across North

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 145

Port Washington Road from the Riverpoint Village Shopping Center. The remaining two PDO districts are located near the intersection of Port Washington Road and Calumet Road. The Cultural Overlay District allows an art gallery, museum, or library to become a permitted use. One such district has been created in the Village: the Chipstone Overlay District located west of Beach Drive. Land Use Planning in the Region In addition to local factors and planning, regional efforts are also important to consider. Regional changes could include new transportation or infrastructure improvements and guidance on recent planning trends and methods. The following is an example of a regional planning effort related to Fox Point. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Plan Commission (SEWRPC) Vision 2050 The Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Plan Commission (SEWRPC) is charged with developing a regional land use plan that sets forth the fundamental concepts recommended to guide the development of the seven-county Southeastern Wisconsin Region. The most recent version of the plan, Vision 2050, was adopted by SEWRPC in July of 2016. The Regional Land use plan map for the entire region is illustrated in Figure 2. The key recommendations of the Regional Land Use Plan are included in the following sections. Residential Development within Urban Service Areas VISION 2050 recommends focusing on residential development within urban service areas that typically include public sanitary sewer and water service, parks, schools, and shopping areas. Residential development would occur largely as infill, redevelopment, and new development under the Small Lot Traditional Neighborhood, Mixed-Use Traditional Neighborhood, and Mixed- Use City Center land use categories as listed in this plan. Commercial and Industrial Land VISION 2050 recommends focusing new commercial and industrial development within urban service areas and emphasizing infill and redevelopment over new development.

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 146

Figure 2: Regional Land Use Development Trends

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 147 Governmental and Institutional Land VISION 2050 recommends that new governmental and institutional developments like schools and libraries meet the needs of the region’s planned population. VISION 2050 envisions a system of major governmental and institutional centers, including county courthouses and administrative offices, State and Federal office buildings, medical complexes, universities, technical colleges, and major cultural centers. Transportation, Communication, and Utility Land VISION 2050 envisions that land devoted to transportation, communication, and utilities will increase due to a larger need for streets, highways, airport expansions, and utility facilities. Recreational Land VISION 2050 recommends an expansion of recreational land based on park site acquisition and development proposals as set forth in county and local park and open space plans. In total, VISION 2050 envisions a system of 32 major parks of regional size and significance. Environmentally Significant Land VISION 2050 recommends minimizing the impacts of new urban development on environmentally significant lands. New development should avoid environmentally significant lands and primary environmental corridors. To the extent possible, new urban development should also avoid secondary environmental corridors and isolated natural resource areas. Additionally, new development should attempt to preserve wetlands, woodlands, critical species habitat sites, parks, open space sites, and other natural areas outside environmental corridors. Water Supply Residential, commercial, industrial, institutional, and agricultural land uses in the region rely on two major sources of water supply: surface water supply and groundwater supply. Groundwater is susceptible to depletion in quantity and deterioration in quality as a result of urban and rural development. Furthermore, diversion of Lake Michigan water west of the subcontinental divide that bisects the Region is constrained by the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence River Basin Water Resources Compact. The Commission recognizes the relationship between land use planning and water supply and has prepared and adopted a regional water supply plan to help address these issues. Sustainable Land Use Sustainable land use ideas aim to arrange land features in order to protect natural resources and avoid converting agricultural and other rural land into urban areas. VISION 2050 embodies sustainable land use concepts by recommending higher-density mixed-use development and redevelopment in compact urban areas. Compact mixed-use development not only promotes healthy communities through opportunities for more travel by transit, walking, and bicycling, but is also more energy-efficient and results in less greenhouse gas emissions than lower density development. Additionally, the cost of extending and maintaining sewer pipes, water mains, and local roads, and providing fire protection, school transportation, and solid waste collection all decrease as density increases.

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 148 Amending the Future Land Use Map The Future Land Use Map should be reviewed and amended every ten years, or sooner if necessary. Suggestions for amendments may be brought forward by Village staff, officials, or residents and should be consistent with the guidance offered within this Comprehensive Plan. Proposed amendments may become either necessary or desirable for a variety of reasons, including;  Corrections of clerical or administrative errors, mapping errors, and updated data for text, tables, and maps,  Change in the current or desired character or use of an area, or  Additional planning efforts or Village public input events. When an amendment is proposed, the procedure is as follows;  Recommendation by the Plan Commission to conduct a review process for the proposed amendment  Facilitation of public hearings as required by applicable Wisconsin Statute and/or Village ordinance  Plan Commission recommendation to the Village Board  Consideration and decision by Village Board Using the Future Land Use Map The Future Land Use map should be used when reviewing and approving changes in zoning, planned developments, cultural overlays, conditional uses, land divisions, traffic improvements, and other redevelopment matters. Any recommendations and subsequent land use decisions made by the Village should be consistent with the goals and recommendations of the Land Use chapter.

Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 149 Chapter 6 | Land Use - Appendix 150 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Pg. 153 Overview

Pg. 154 Input from Public Workshop #1

Pg. 155 Highlights from Online Public Survey

Pg. 156 Key Demographics

Issues and Pg. 157 Opportunities

Goals and Pg. 158 Recommendations

Timing and Pg. 160 Implementation

Pg. 163 Appendix

151 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 152 Overview

The Village of Fox Point is one of seven North Shore communities. The North Shore also includes the City of Glendale and the Villages of Shorewood, Whitefish Bay, Brown Deer, River Hills, and Bayside. Fox Point shares services, such as the North Shore Fire Department, with these communities in order to operate in an efficient and coordinated manner. As infrastructure ages and demand for certain services grows, continued cooperation with the North Shore communities, as well as with Milwaukee County, and other regional organizations will continue to be important to effectively meet future needs. The benefits of intergovernmental cooperation include cost savings, reduced duplication of personnel and equipment, reduced litigation, and early identification of common issues. Increased intergovernmental cooperation allows neighboring municipalities to operate in a consistent, predictable, and trustworthy environment. Regional intergovernmental cooperation includes membership in the Intergovernmental Cooperation Council (ICC), participation with Milwaukee County highway maintenance, and membership in the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD). This chapter recognizes the value of these partners and recommends continued cooperation. Additional cooperation with regional entities could also include cost-sharing for certain public works equipment this is only needed occasionally and is expensive to purchase on an individual basis. Fox Point also cooperates with regional entities to provide cultural and business services, educational amenities, and recreational events. One example of this cooperation is the North Shore Library, which provides a library facility and associated services for Fox Point, Bayside, Glendale, and River Hills. Another example is the Glendale-Area Business Association which promotes local business and serves as a chamber of commerce for the North Shore and other surrounding communities. Additionally, the Fox Point - Bayside School District provides athletic facilities and programming. Local Fox Point organizations provide valuable programming and event services, such as the Rock the Fox Summer Serenade, and would benefit from continued local and regional support. Continued cooperation with local service providers and other groups will be important in order to meet the needs for more activities, events, and other services within the Village.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 153 Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Comments and Ideas from Public Workshop #1 A public workshop was An initialheld public at Villageworkshop Hall was on held at JanuaryVillage Hall 16, on 2020. January This 16, 2020. The workshop included workshop included a a presentation on the general plan process,presentation key demographic on the changes,general and preliminary plan process, goals and recommendationskey demographic related to economicchanges, development. and The public waspreliminary invited to goals post their and commentsrecommendations and ideas and ask related questionsto ofintergovernmental the Comprehensive Plan Specialcooperation. Committee. The The public followingwas is a invited summary to postof their their input. comments and ideas and ask questions of the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The following is a summary of their input and sample comments. Public Comments and Ideas • Make monitoring and addressing issues and trends in crime and safety a key component of our plan. We should plan to be on the top of this and keep it down. BTW...our police department is great! • How are the proposed changes to Port Washington and the I-43 corridor being monitored by the Village Board to ensure Fox Point needs are represented? • What can the Village do to take back control of local issues from the State Legislature? • Additional Village amenities/events to make Fox Point more desirable. • Support programs that encourage appreciation and support of law enforcement. • Synergy between community groups.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 154 Highlights from Online Public Survey A public online survey was conducted from mid-August, 2019 through mid- September, 2019. The online survey was advertised to Village residents and made available to any who wanted to complete the survey. The survey included multiple choice and open-ended questions regarding a number of topics, including intergovernmental cooperation. The full results of the survey can be found in Appendix A. Fox Point shares a number of services with surrounding communities for cost savings. Fox Point shares costs with North Shore communities on varying services such as the North Shore Fire Department, the North Shore Health Department, the North Shore Water Commission, and the North Shore Library. Participants were asked if they agreed the Village should work toward sharing additional services and 72% agreed. Participants were also asked if they felt they received good value for their tax dollars. Eighty-eight percent responded they benefitted. Much of this value comes from the partnerships the Village has established with local non- profit organizations and governmental agencies who assist with community events and shared services. The Village should continue to work with other government agencies and the North Shore communities to help maintain or reduce costs through shared service agreements. Regional non-profit efforts should be fully supported in order to help the Village expand the community events offered in Fox Point.

Fox Point currently has shared service agreements for public health, fire, dispatch, water utility, and the Library. Fox Point About 24% of your property tax bill goes to support Village should work closely with surrounding communities to share services. Do you feel that you receive good value for the additional services. tax dollars you pay for Village services? Strongly Agree 43%

Somewhat Yes 88% 29% Agree

Neither Agree 21% nor Disagree

Somewhat 4% Disagree No 12%

Strongly 3% Disagree

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100% 0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 155 Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Key Demographics Village demographics were updated to reflect changes in the community since 2010 and to compare Fox Point to the surrounding North Shore communities as well as Milwaukee County. Additional intergovernmental information can be found at the end of this chapter and additional demographics can be found in Appendix B. Key Village demographics show that Fox Point is projected to decrease in population from 6,580 in 2020 to 6,270 by 2040. This represents a population decline by 4.75% during the same time period. The Village of Bayside is expected to see a decline of 1% during that time frame and the City of Glendale is expected so see a decline of 1.62%. Both Brown Deer and Whitefish Bay are projected to see population increases. The Fox Point decline in population represents an anticipated decline in household sizes, as residents age and young adults move away. This decline does not necessarily represent families looking to relocate to a different community. With this anticipated population decline, the need for intergovernmental cooperation will remain important as Fox Point household needs change in the coming years and new services, such as senior care, will be needed.

North Shore Population Projections

North Shore Population Projections Percent Growth

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 156 Issues

Issues and 1. Crime and safety are important considerations for intergovernmental cooperation and need Opportunities continued focus.

Issues and opportunities were 2. There needs to be more synergy between local derived from input gathered and regional organizations so that additional during the public workshops services and amenities in the North Shore area are and the online survey. Issues made available to Village residents. and opportunities were also derived from the analysis of 3. In order to keep tax rates stable, increasing costs for Village services and capital outlays needs to be relevant data as well as input kept low where possible. from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Opportunities A list of relevant issues and opportunities derived 1. Continue to support the Village police department from these sources is listed and continue to work towards maintaining safety here and were used as a and reducing crime. guide to form the goals 2. North Shore municipalities need to work together and recommendations in to continue looking for ways to reduce costs this chapter and were also for shared services, infrastructure, and capital used as guidance on the purchases. prioritization of those goals. 3. Support North Shore area organizations by sponsoring and supporting regional service and amenity additions and expansions.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 157 Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Goals and Recommendations The Comprehensive Plan is designed to be used as a policy guide to direct development decisions and assist with capital improvements. Local issues and opportunities were derived from community input, including survey results and public workshops, demographic data, and input from the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. Goals and recommendations were then prepared in order to address those issues and opportunities. Goals are meant to be broad objectives and the associated recommendations are provided as specific actions to achieve those goals.

1

Goal 1: Continue Recommendations: to coordinate with 1. Continue to explore new opportunities for shared the North Shore services and infrastructure when considered to be communities on shared advantageous to the Village. services, infrastructure, 2. Explore opportunities for a continuous bike and and capital pedestrian path network throughout the North Shore expenditures. suburbs. 3. When applicable, encourage cost-sharing between Fox Point and the other North Shore communities for large capital purchases.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 158 Recommendations:

1. Continue to monitor issues which may affect the Village.

2. Continue to collaborate with regional organizations 2 including but not limited to SEWRPC and MMSD on planning and infrastructure issues that affect the Village.

3. Continue to monitor potential funding programs administered by state, regional, or federal agencies as appropriate for the Village. Goal 2: Continue the Village’s working relationships with state and regional entities.

3

Goal 3: Continue to Recommendation: work with neighboring government entities, 1. Continue to work with and sponsor relevant local local non-profits, and non-profits, such as the Fox Point Foundation, and community activists to organize and promote community activists to community events and to work with relevant funding organize and promote and support agencies. community events.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 159 Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Timing and Implementation The goals and recommendations in this chapter provide a broad implementation strategy which will rely upon a number of factors, including partnerships and timing. The recommendations in this chapter are actions which the Village can directly undertake, actions which the Village can undertake with other partners, or actions which the Village can simply support and encourage. Engaging partners will help the Village accomplish this strategy in an inclusive manner.

Each recommendation includes a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete once initiated and when the recommendation can generally be expected to be completed. The timing definitions of ongoing, short-term, and long-term are a guide for the Village to have a broad sense and understanding of the level of commitment required for each recommendation. This timing may be modified or adapted to fit the Village’s capability to act. The timing is also dependent upon resources, including funding and amount of time and energy required to engage entities and participants, needed to complete the action. The timing does not necessarily reflect the priority of recommendations or the order in which they can be expected to be addressed.

Timing terminology is generally defined as the following; • Ongoing means recommendation is regularly in progress. • Short-Term means recommendation may take up to five years to complete. • Long-Term means recommendation may take more than five years.

However, no long-term recommendations are included in this chapter.

Goal 1 Continue to coordinate with the North Shore communities on shared services, infrastructure, and capital expenditures.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to explore new opportunities for shared services and infrastructure when considered to be advantageous to the Village. Ongoing

2. Explore opportunities for a continuous bike and pedestrian path network throughout the North Shore suburbs. Short-Term

3. When applicable, encourage cost-sharing between Fox Point and the other North Shore communities for large capital purchases. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 160 Timing and Implementation

Goal 2 Continue the Village’s working relationships with state and regional entities.

Timing of Recommendations

1. Continue to monitor issues which may affect the Village. Ongoing

2. Continue to collaborate with regional organizations including but not limited to SEWRPC and MMSD on planning and infrastructure issues that affect the Village. Ongoing

3. Continue to monitor potential funding programs administered by state, regional, or federal agencies as appropriate for the Village. Ongoing

Goal 3 Continue to work with neighboring government entities, local non-profits and community activists to organize and promote community events.

Timing of Recommendations 1. Continue to work with and sponsor relevant local non-profits, such as the Fox Point Foundation, and community activists to organize and promote community events and to work with relevant funding and support agencies. Ongoing

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 161 Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 162 7 | Appendix

Intergovernmental Cooperation Pg. 165 Between Municipalities

Intergovernmental Pg. 166 Cooperation within the Region

Pg. 167 Plans in the Region

Plans in Other North Pg. 169 Shore Municipalities

Shared Services with Other North Shore Pg. 170 Partners and Municipalities

163 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation 164 This Appendix provides additional information from local and regional sources related to intergovernmental cooperation. The data and study summaries in this Appendix serve as background for the identification of the issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations in this chapter. Intergovernmental Cooperation Between Municipalities There are a variety of ways in which neighboring cities, villages, and towns interact. The following section provides a basic description of the various means of regulatory interaction between municipalities as well as an inventory of those issues affecting the Village of Fox Point. Cooperative Plans and Boundary Agreements Under Section 66.0307 of Wisconsin State Statute, any combination of cities, villages, and towns may determine common boundary lines amongst themselves under a cooperative plan. The preparation of a plan for the area should be created by the concerned units of local government and describe in detail the contents of the cooperative plan. Fox Point has no cooperative plans or boundary agreements with adjacent municipalities to date. The establishment of a cooperative plan or boundary agreement is not anticipated for Fox Point during the life of thisplan, since the Village boundaries are locked in by surrounding municipalities. Extraterritorial Zoning and Platting Authority Wisconsin State statutes allow cities and villages to exercise zoning and plat review authority over unincorporated areas adjacent to their borders.This authority extends 1.5 miles beyond the Village border. Fox Point has no unincorporated lands adjacent to its borders and therefore does not have authority for extraterritorial zoning or plat review. Land Division Regulations Section 236.45 of Wisconsin State Statute authorizes county and local governments to adopt their own land division ordinances. Fox Point includes its land division ordinance in Chapter 15 of Village Code. A land division ordinance regulates the division of land into smaller parcels and ensures that:  New development is located appropriately  Lot size minimums specified in Zoning Ordinances are observed  Arterial street rights-of-way are appropriately dedicated or reserved  Access to arterial streets and highways is limited in order to preserve the traffic carrying capacity and safety of such facilities  Adequate land for parks, drainage-ways, and other open spaces is appropriately located and preserved  Street, block, and lot layouts are appropriate  Adequate public improvements are provided Chapter 236 of Wisconsin State Statute establishes general requirements for the subdivision of land and grants authority to both local and county governments to review subdivision maps. This chapter requires local governments to review and act on plats for subdivisions. Local subdivision ordinances may require additional land division review. Land division regulations in Fox Point will continue to be an important tool for any future redevelopment projects.

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental 165 Cooperation – Appendix Intergovernmental Cooperation within the Region The following section provides a basic description of relationships and/or partnerships the Village of Fox Point has with other government agencies. Southeastern Wisconsin Regional Plan Commission (SEWRPC)

SEWRPC serves the counties of Kenosha, Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Racine, Walworth, Washington, and Waukesha. The Commission’s mission us to provide the basic information and planning services necessary to solve problems which cannot be addressed by local units of government in southeastern Wisconsin. SEWRPC publishes studies on highways, transit, sewerage, water supply, parks, open space facilities, and land use. Fox Point should continue to utilize the assistance of SEWRPC. Milwaukee County

Milwaukee County is responsible for the maintenance and upkeep of County Trunk Highways. County Trunk Highway W (North Port Washington Road) is currently regulated by Milwaukee County. However, the County has recommended the maintenance for Port Washington Road be transferred from the County to the Village. The Village has expressed it’s preference for the maintenance of Port Washington Road to remain the responsibility of Milwaukee County. Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District (MMSD)

The Village of Fox Point is one of the member communities of MMSD, which is a regional governmental entity that provides water reclamation and flood management services to the greater Milwaukee area. The district includes 28 municipalities in four counties and covers 411 square miles in six watersheds. Wisconsin Department of Transportation (WisDOT)

WisDOT maintains state highways and administers a wide range of state and federal programs to assist local governments. These programs pertain to all elements of the transportation network including highways and bridges, public transportation, specialized transportation for the elderly or disabled, bike and pedestrian projects, and rail projects. State Highway 32 (Lake Drive) in Fox Point is currently maintained by WisDOT. Fox Point should explore WisDOT funding opportunities to help enhance the Village’s transportation network. Some programs that may be of potential interest to the Village are the:  Local Transportation Enhancements (TE) Program  Bicycle and Pedestrian Facilities Program  Elderly and Disabled Transportation Capital Assistance Program  Railroad Crossing Improvements Program  Safe Routes to School Program Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources (WDNR)

The WDNR is dedicated to the preservation, protection, effective management, and maintenance of Wisconsin’s natural resources. It is responsible for implementing the laws of the state and federal government which protect and enhance Wisconsin’s natural resources. It is the agency charged with full responsibility for coordinating the programs necessary to provide a clean, natural environment and a full range of outdoor recreational opportunities for Wisconsin citizens and visitors.

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation – Appendix 166 Specifically in Fox Point, the WDNR oversees state and federal regulations pertaining to floodplain management, stormwater management, and natural resource protection. The WDNR requires that a governing body adopt a Comprehensive Outdoor Recreation Plan (CORP) by resolution in order to be eligible to apply for recreational grant funds administered by the WDNR. Adoption by the Plan Commission is required only if a community wishes to adopt the plan as an element of its local master plan. Fox Point should continue to work with the WDNR to protect natural resources. Additionally, Fox Point should consider adopting a CORP to become eligible for recreational grant funds. The WDNR’s Community Financial Assistance (CFA) staff works with local governments and interested organizations to develop and support projects that protect public health, natural resources, the environment, and outdoor recreational opportunities. Fox Point should also explore CFA opportunities to fund green infrastructure projects. Some programs that may be of specific interest to Fox Point are the:  Clean Water Fund Program  Recreational Trails Program  Urban Forestry Program  Urban Green Space Program School Districts There are two school districts within the Village of Fox Point; Fox Point-Bayside, and Maple Dale- Indian Hill. Most of the Village falls into the Fox Point-Bayside School District. Public school students from both districts attend to Nicolet High School in Glendale. The Maple Dale-Indian Hill School District serves students from the northwestern portion of Fox Point. The remainder of the Village lies within the Fox Point-Bayside School District. More information on local schools can be found in this plan’s Community Facilities chapter. The Village of Fox Point should continue its relationship with each school district and the neighboring communities that sharethem. Plans in the Region SEWRPC has prepared a number of plans and reports which affect the Village of Fox Point, including; Vision 2050: A Regional Land Use and Transportation Plan

VISION 2050 recommends a long-term vision for land use and transportation in the seven-county Southeastern Wisconsin Region. Its recommendations to local and state government to help guide land use development and transportation improvement through the year 2050. Further detail regarding Vision 2050 can be found in the Land Use and Transportation chapters of this Plan. SEWRPC Planning Report No. 50, A Regional Water Quality Management Plan Update for the Greater Milwaukee Watersheds

In 2007, SEWRPC adopted an updated water quality management plan (amended in 2009 and 2013) as a guide to achieving clean and wholesome surface waters within the five watersheds in the greater Milwaukee area, the Lake Michigan direct drainage area, the Milwaukee Harbor estuary, and a portion of nearshore Lake Michigan. The watersheds involved are those of the Kinnickinnic River, Oak Creek, Menomonee River, Milwaukee River, and Root River. Indian Creek

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental 167 Cooperation – Appendix in Fox Point is a tributary of the Milwaukee River and is covered under the jurisdiction of this plan as well as the Lake Michigan shoreline within the Village. Both SEWRPC and MMSD completed this effort following the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s recommended watershed approach. The approach uses natural boundaries instead of jurisdictional limits, makes recommends based on science and engineering, and requires strong partnerships and public involvement. The plan recommends controlling both point and non-point pollution sources, with a focus on smart growth and enhancement of the region’s quality of life. Fox Point should work with SEWRPC and surrounding communities to achieve the goals and objectives of this plan. SEWRPC Technical Report No. 37: Groundwater Resources of Southeastern Wisconsin

SEWRPC worked cooperatively with the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey (WGNHS) and the WDNR on a regional groundwater plan to develop hydrologic data that can be used to support the preparation of a regional groundwater modeling program. The document also provides information useful for land use and related planning efforts. SEWRPC Planning Report No. 52: Regional Water Supply Plan for Southeastern Wisconsin

SEWRPC has prepared and adopted a regional water supply system plan which represents the third, and final element of the SEWRPC Regional Water Supply Management program. The first two elements, including groundwater inventories and a groundwater simulation model for Southeastern Wisconsin Region. These were completed within the past several years and involved interagency partnerships with the U.S. Geological Survey, the Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, and water supply utilities serving the region. The plan includes the following major components:  Development of water supply service areas and forecast demand for water use.  Development of recommendations for water conservation efforts to reduce water demand.  Evaluation of alternative sources of supply, culminating in identification of recommended sources of supply for each service area, and in recommendations for the development of the basic infrastructure required to deliver that supply.  Identification of groundwater recharge areas to be protected from incompatible development.  Specification of new institutional structures found necessary to carry out the plan recommendations. Fox Point should work with SEWPRC and the other member communities of the North Shore Water Commission to achieve the goals and objectives of the Regional Water Supply Plan. Milwaukee County Comprehensive Plan

At this time, Milwaukee County has not adopted a comprehensive plan. If Milwaukee County chooses to adopt a comprehensive plan in the future, the Village should participate in the planning process to the fullest extent possible to mitigate any potential conflicts between Village and County plans.

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation – Appendix 168 Plans in Other North Shore Municipalities This section provides information on the status of comprehensive plans in the other North Shore communities and provides details on any relevant land use plans or neighborhood plans in those communities. Fox Point should periodically review neighboring comprehensive and neighborhood plans to determine both areas of potential conflict and opportunities for collaboration. City of Glendale

The City of Glendale (population 12,483) is adjacent to Fox Point to the west and southwest. Planning in Glendale is conducted by the Community Development Department. The current comprehensive plan for the City of Glendale, entitled ‘Glendale 2021: Our Vision’, was adopted on September 24, 2001. There have also been several neighborhood plans adopted over the years, including;  W. Silver Spring Drive Revitalization  Glendale Technology Center  W. Silver Spring Drive/N. Port Washington Road Aesthetic Improvements  Bender Road Area Park Planning Initiative Glendale is currently updating their Comprehensive Plan as part of the 2040 Comprehensive Master Plan initiative. Village of Bayside

The Village of Bayside (population 4,304) is adjacent to Fox Point to the north. Bayside does not have a planning or community development department. The Village has a comprehensive plan entitled ‘Village of Bayside: Comprehensive Plan’, which is available on their website. Village of Brown Deer

The Village of Brown Deer (population 12,246) is not adjacent to Fox Point. It is situated to the west of Fox Point with River Hills between them. Planning services in the Village of Brown Deer are provided by the Community Services Department. Brown Deer adopted a comprehensive plan in 2009 entitled ‘The Village of Brown Deer: Comprehensive Plan 2030’ which is available on their website. Village of River Hills

The Village of River Hills (population 1,558) is adjacent to Fox Point to the northwest. River Hills does not have a planning or community development department. River Hills has a comprehensive plan entitled ‘Village of River Hills: Comprehensive Plan’ which is available on their website. Village of Shorewood

The Village of Shorewood (population 13,479) is not adjacent to Fox Point. Shorewood is situated to the south of Fox Point with Whitefish Bay located between them. Planning services are provided by the Planning and Development Department. Shorewood adopted a comprehensive plan in 2011.

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental 169 Cooperation – Appendix Village of Whitefish Bay

The Village of Whitefish Bay (population 14,050) is adjacent to Fox Point to the south. Whitefish Bay does not have a planning or community development department.The Village adopted its comprehensive plan in October of 2009. The ‘Comprehensive Plan of the Village of Whitefish Bay’ is available on their website and is currently in the process of being updated. Fox Point should also monitor the update and look for opportunities to participate and ensure the Plan is compatible with adjacent neighborhoods.

Shared Services with Other North Shore Partners and Municipalities This section reviews the status of existing cooperative efforts between Fox Point and the other communities. The following is a list of shared services as well as the municipalities which participate in providing those shared services. North Shore Fire Department  City of Glendale  Village of Bayside  Village of Brown Deer  Village of River Hills  Village of Shorewood  Village of Whitefish Bay North Shore Health Department

 City of Glendale  Village of Bayside  Village of Brown Deer  Village of River Hills  Village of Shorewood  Village of Whitefish Bay North Shore Water Commission

 City of Glendale  Village of Whitefish Bay

Chapter 7 | Intergovrnmental Cooperation – Appendix 170 Maple Dale – Indian Hill School District

 City of Glendale  Village of Bayside  Village of River Hills

Fox Point – Bayside School District

 Village of Bayside

In addition, there are a number of opportunities for the expansion of shared services between Fox Point and the other North Shore communities. These include the following. City of Glendale

Potential opportunities with Glendale may include:  Pedestrian and bike path linkages  Shared solid waste disposal service  Areas where water and sewer can be provided to the City by the Village of Fox Point  Shared stormwater management facilities in areas where stormwater flows across borders Village of Bayside

Potential opportunities with Bayside may include:  Pedestrian and bike path linkages  Shared solid waste disposal services  Cooperative neighborhood planning along the border  Sale of water through Fox Point from the North Shore Water Commission Village of River Hills

Potential opportunities with River Hills may include:  Pedestrian and bike path linkages  Shared solid waste disposal services  River Hills’ sewer line under I-43 that connects to Fox Point’s sewer line Village of Whitefish Bay

Potential opportunities with Whitefish Bay may include:  Pedestrian and bike path linkages  Shared solid waste disposal services  Cooperative traffic study for neighborhood around the Jewish Day School

Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental 171 Cooperation – Appendix Chapter 7 | Intergovernmental Cooperation – Appendix 172 8 | Implementation

Pg. 175 Overview

Pg. 175 Regulatory Measures

Non-Regulatory Pg. 178 Measures

Public Participation Pg. 180 and Plan Implementation

Plan Consistency, Pg. 182 Amendments, and Severability

173 Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 8 | Implementation 174 Overview Overview

This chapter details regulatory and non-regulatory implementation measures and explains the importance of this differentiation. It is helpful to understand the these measures when implementing the Goals and Recommendations listed at the end of each chapter in this Plan. Additionally, this Chapter provides guidance on plan consistency and future amendments.

Regulatory Measures

Regulatory measures are the rules, policies, and ordinances used to facilitate a desired outcome. The most common regulatory measures are zoning, land division, and environmental regulations. Zoning regulations Zoning regulations guide and control land and structure use. Zoning regulations establish detailed rules concerning how lots may be developed, structure setbacks and height, and development density. Zoning ordinance are put in place to avoid undesirable side effects of development by maintaining consistent standards for individual uses. The adoption and amendment of zoning regulations in the Village require public hearings and need a recommendation from the Plan Commission. Plan Commission recommendations are forwarded to the Village Board for a final decision. An example of such an amendment includes a recommendation in the Economic Development chapter to; “Consider the implementation of design guidelines or form based zoning to ensure that redevelopment takes into account issues of architectural compatibility, building scale, signage compatibility, landscaping, parking, and neighborhood connectivity.” Goals and recommendations in this plan include enforcement of existing Village zoning regulations. Examples of this type of recommendation list various architectural review regulation recommendations in the Housing Chapter, including;

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 175 Chapter 8 | Implementation “Encourage the use of consistent materials between the old and new parts of the structure when renovating an existing home,” “Continue to utilize the Building Board to review the architectural compatibility of new construction and renovations in order to ensure exterior appeal and functional plans will not cause substantial depreciation of neighborhood property values,” “Continue to balance the need for a high level of aesthetic appearance with the need for some residents to retrofit housing for “aging in place” during Building Board review.” Land division regulations Land division or subdivision regulations help ensure the orderly growth and development of unplatted and undeveloped land. These regulations protect the community and occupants of proposed subdivisions by providing standards for public utilities, stormwater drainage, street design, and other improvements. Chapter 738 of the Village Code includes application procedures, preliminary and final plat requirements, certified survey map requirements, required improvements, and other subdivision regulations. The Village Board makes the final decisions on the content of the subdivision ordinance amendments. These decisions are preceded by public hearings and a Plan Commission recommendation. Due to the Village’s lack of remaining developable properties, this Plan contains few subdivision ordinance recommendations. However, one example would be recommendation in the Economic Development Chapter which states; “Encourage the redevelopment of underutilized parcels in the Village.” This recommendation could involve re-assessing the subdivision ordinance to allow for smaller commercial lots and greater flexibility for redevelopment projects. Environmental regulations The Village’s unique location alongside Lake Michigan makes environmental regulations extremely important for protecting sensitive areas and providing safe regulation of natural occurrences. Specifically, stormwater management is a vital part of municipal infrastructure. Therefore, several measures have been put in place at the federal, state, and local levels to address the issue. Local stormwater management ordinances regulate stormwater runoff and detail criteria which diminish threats to aquatic life and public health, safety, and welfare. Stormwater regulations also manage soil erosion in order to maintain good water quality. The Village has ordinances regulating stormwater management and ravine and lake bluff erosion.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 8 | Implementation 176 The Economic Development Chapter of this Plan provides an example of a potential stormwater-related recommendation, “Encourage enhanced landscaping techniques and the use of native vegetation, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians, within existing parking areas to facilitate groundwater recharge, filter stormwater runoff, and reduce heat island effect.” The MMSD is the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, of which Fox Point is a member. This organization supports an environmental advocacy program entitled “Fresh Coast Guardians”, which advances environmentally-friendly property development techniques. This recommendation could also include the provision of useful information to local businesses or an amendment to Village stormwater regulations to incentivize enhanced landscaping techniques. Another example of a stormwater-related recommendation can be found in the Natural and Community resources Chapter, “Identify other techniques to control stormwater runoff throughout the Village including but not limited to increased landscaping in parking lots and medians, use of rain gardens and rain barrels, and use of pervious paving materials.” Enhanced stormwater management techniques, as proposed by this recommendation, could be adopted as regulations for private developments or for Village projects on public land.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 177 Chapter 8 | Implementation Non-Regulatory Measures

The Village may use non-regulatory measures to enact the goals and recommendations of this plan and to address specifically identified issues and opportunities. These measures can include municipal finance, additional planning and collaboration efforts, and formalized agreements between different governmental entities and service providers. Planning and Collaboration This Comprehensive Plan addresses a range of issues and opportunities regarding a number of topics important to the Village. Although this plan also specifies goals and recommendations to address those issues and opportunities, some topics or geographical areas of the Village require closer consideration. Additional planning efforts can be accomplished in adherence with this plan and provide additional implementation items. An example of an additional planning effort includes a recommendation in the Land Use Chapter to; “Identify any areas or properties which need particular study or planning in order to encourage timely and appropriate redevelopment. This recommendation could include identifying and studying certain section of Port Washington Road or certain neighborhoods which may have specific issues and opportunities which need to be addressed. The 2019 Aquatic Facility Study, prepared by Ayers Associates and Partners, is a recent planning effort that was prepared to address the current and future needs of the Fox Point Municipal Pool. The study developed four specific development options after gathering public input. The 2019 Municipal Pool Survey was then prepared by Neighborhood Analytics and the St. Norbert College Strategic Research Institute. This survey was conducted to the gauge demand for the continued presence of a Village pool and measured preferences for potential pool locations and features. Other assets which will likely also need further planning include the Village Hall the Department of Public Works (DPW) maintenance yard, and Long Acre Park recreational facilities. Additional planning could facilitate a public facilities and recreational effort which would identify the best locations, timing, funding, and complementary aspects of further recreational facility development and maintenance.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 8 | Implementation 178 Additionally, this Plan calls for further communication and cooperation on several topics. For example, the Housing chapter includes a recommendation to; “Sponsor or support programs or workshops which provide environmentally friendly landscaping technique education for Village residents.” Sponsoring a workshop like this would allow Village residents and officials to collaborate on new landscaping techniques and help further these efforts on an ongoing basis. Other examples of collaborative effort recommendations in this plan are; “Gather public input to develop Village policies regarding renewable energy sources, such as solar panels, which balance the maintenance of neighborhood aesthetics with a desire to reduce fossil fuel use.” “Promote education regarding the link between stormwater runoff and pollution in Lake Michigan.” These collaborative efforts will help keep Village residents engaged, identify local leaders, and assist with fundraising and volunteer campaigns. Intergovernmental Cooperation and Agreements Formal agreements are used to implement goals and recommendations which involve state agencies and surrounding jurisdictions. These intergovernmental agreements facilitate cooperative problem solving through citizen input, negotiation, and mediation. The Village has several cooperative agreements with surrounding North Shore governments to provide a number of shared services. The full list can be found in the Appendix to the Intergovernmental Cooperation chapter. There are several recommendations in this Plan which rely on intergovernmental cooperation. For example, the Housing chapter includes a recommendation to; “Support the use of native landscaping techniques which minimize pesticide use, as recommended by MMSD’s Fresh Coast Guardians.” Another example of intergovernmental cooperation is the recommendation in the Natural and Cultural Resources chapter to; “Coordinate with regional agencies (Milwaukee County, MMSD, DNR, SEWRPC) and adjacent local governments to protect, enhance, and restore natural features.”

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 179 Chapter 8 | Implementation Finally, the Intergovernmental Cooperation chapter includes a number of cooperative recommendation to: “Continue to explore new opportunities for shared services and infrastructure when considered to be advantageous to the Village”,“When applicable, encourage cost-sharing between Fox Point and the other North Shore communities for large capital purchases.” “Explore opportunities for a continuous bike and pedestrian path network throughout the North Shore suburbs.” Intergovernmental cooperation is important for projects that go beyond municipal boundaries. The Village should continue to evaluate and participate in current Village cooperative agreements with surrounding North Shore governments and look to establish new agreements as necessary.

Public Participation and Plan Implementation

An initial public survey was advertized to the public with specific outreach to Village residents at the beginning of the planning process in order to gain public input interest early on. The survey provided input on which characteristics of the Village were most important to them and which aspects of the Village needed to be maintained and which needed to be enhanced or improved. This input was used to develop a list of issues and opportunities which guided the development of each Comprehensive Plan chapter. The development of the Plan chapters included an initial list of goals and recommendations developed by the Comprehensive Plan Special Committee. The goals were developed to address the issues and opportunities identified as important by Village residents. The issues, opportunities, goals, and recommendations were presented at a public workshop held in January, 2020. Attendees reviewed each chapter and provided input and comment on additional goals and recommendations they felt were necessary for the Village. Following the public workshop, the goals and recommendations for each chapter were finalized. Each recommendation included a general time frame for the amount of time it would take to complete those recommendations once initiated. The recommendations included short-term, long-term, and ongoing recommendations. However, in order to gain better understanding of resident priorities, a second public workshop was held in October, 2020. The second public workshop was held in a virtual format.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 8 | Implementation 180 The second public workshop included an overview of the Comprehensive Plan along with a survey requesting input on the goals for each chapter. Participants were asked to identify their top priority goal in each chapter and to leave comments on goal prioritization. There was also an opportunity to leave general comments. The results are summarized in Appendix B. The efficient use of community resources and capacity is very important to the effectiveness of Comprehensive Plan implementation. The intent of the virtual workshop was to help guide the leadership of Village on resident’s priorities. Asking survey participants to choose one goal as their top priority helps to understand what is most important to residents and helps Village leadership understand where to begin implementation efforts. The following is a summary of the goals ranked as top priority by the virtual workshop; Housing Goal 1: Support and encourage the maintenance and upkeep of housing at a high standard. Economic Development Goal 1: Support and facilitate economic development in the Village’s commercial areas. Natural and Cultural Resources Goal 2: Protect the Village’s natural resources including, but not limited to, wetlands, wildlife, lakeshore, woodlands, open space, parks, and groundwater resources. Utilities and Community Facilities Goal 2: Ensure the water supply for the Village has sufficient capacity, is in compliance with drinking water quality standards and regulations, and meets present and future needs. Transportation Goal 3: Work to improve pedestrian and bicycle circulation, safety, and accessibility throughout the Village. Land Use Goal 2: Foster compatibility between neighboring uses. Intergovernmental Cooperation Goal 1: Continue to coordinate with the North Shore communities on shared services, infrastructure, and capital expenditures.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan 181 Chapter 8 | Implementation Survey respondents identified top priorities which will help guide Village leadership during implementation of the Plan. However, other inputs and constraints will also be important considerations when deciding which goals should be accomplished first. Funding and the assistance of various public and private partners in the community will also be important when deciding to move forward with implementation. This Plan is meant to provide a starting point to identifying those resources and partners which will make implementation inclusive and effective.

Comprehensive Plan Consistency, Amendments, and Severability

Comprehensive Plan Consistency State of Wisconsin planning legislation requires that plan implementation describes how each of the elements will be integrated and made consistent with the other elements of the Plan. The Village of Fox Point has completed all planning elements simultaneously and therefore no known inconsistencies exist. This plan also references other planning efforts and identifies current issues and opportunities facing the Village. The Village should reference this plan when considering future actions in order to remain consistent. Plan implementation will require key decisions to be made by various Fox Point stakeholders. These decisions should consider the welfare of the Fox Point community, the willingness to make substantial investments for improvements within the community, and the commitment to enforce Village policies. Amendments The goals identified in each chapter are appropriate for the next ten (10) years and are all considered either near-term actions, long-term actions, or ongoing efforts. Fox Point will continue to make amendments to this plan based upon changing conditions and public opinion. Severability If any provision of this Comprehensive Plan is determined to be invalid or unconstitutional, or if the application of this Comprehensive Plan to any person or circumstances is found to be invalid or unconstitutional by court of law, such judgment will not affect the other provisions or applications of this Comprehensive Plan, which shall remain in effect. If any requirement or limitation authorized under this Comprehensive Plan is found invalid, it shall be presumed that the authorization would not have been granted without the requirement or limitation and, therefore, said authorization shall also be invalid.

Fox Point Comprehensive Plan Chapter 8 | Implementation 182