DOCSLIB.ORG

Vaasan Ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied Sciences Would Not Have Been Possible Without the Guidance and Support from Numerous Individ- Uals and Organizations

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Vaasan Ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied Sciences Would Not Have Been Possible Without the Guidance and Support from Numerous Individ- Uals and Organizations By Prince Safo ND POWER PLANT POTENTIALS IN GHANA Prince Safo WIND POWER PLANT POTENTIALS IN GHANA Mechanical and Production Engineering 2013 ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My studies at Vaasan Ammattikorkeakoulu University of Applied Sciences would not have been possible without the guidance and support from numerous individ- uals and organizations. First, my deepest thanks go to God Almighty for the op- portunity giving me to be a part of this program, granting me the understanding, knowledge and most importantly successful completion of my studies. I wish to express greatest appreciation to my lecture, supervisor and coordinator of the program Dr. Adebayo Agbejule, his HOD, Lotta Saarikoski and the Dean, Jorma Tuominen for the opportunity and support they have given throughout the program. I wish to express gratitude to all the distinguished and wonderful lectures who taught me, gave me support, assistance and advice throughout the studies. Finally, special appreciations go to my mother, sisters, family and friends for their wonderful prayers and support. Their guidance and support was a crucial contri- bution to the success of my studies and I am grateful in every way possible. iii VAASAN AMMATTIKORKEAKOULU UNIVERSITY OF APPLIED SCIENCES International Energy Management ABSTRACT Author Prince Safo Title Wind Power Plant Potentials in Ghana Academic Year 2013 Language English Pages 60 + 14 Appendices Name of Supervisor Dr. Adebayo Agbejule This thesis studies the wind energy technology and the wind technology transfer to Ghana. The thesis analyses some market achievements of wind energy in the world, types and components of the wind energy technology, cooperation in- volved in manufacturing of the component of the wind turbine, best areas for wind turbine, types of the wind energy construction, applications of wind energy, arrangement of wind farm, environmental impact of the technology and assess- ment of wind energy resources in Ghana. However this thesis work focuses mainly on two questions: what are the poten- tials of wind energy generation in Ghana? Secondly, what are the barriers in im- plementing wind energy technology in Ghana? This research questions was se- lected based on the aim of this thesis work, which is to identify some general is- sues relevant for wind energy technology transfer to Ghana such as pinpointing some areas in Ghana with good wind flow for wind energy generation and the barriers in implementing the wind energy technology. Also the thesis presents some investment analysis of wind energy technology transfer to a selected loca- tion in Ghana. The thesis concluded with dates indicating that the expected energy that can be generated from the wind speed in Ghana is adequate for wind energy farm. From the data it was found that the accumulation of power generated from Ghana wind was about 5.64GW which is adequate for reducing the energy crises in Ghana. The cash payback period for the wind energy setup observed in Nkwanta by this thesis was estimated to be 5.5year, which is objectively very good for wind energy investment. The final recommendation was addressed as Nkwanta been selected as the best area for wind energy generation due to the data observed for the thesis but further investigations needs to be than before starting the project in the area. iv CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................ 1 1.1 Brief History about Ghana ........................................................................ 2 2 PROBLEM STATEMENT .............................................................................. 3 2.1 Objective ................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Research Questions ................................................................................... 4 3 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................... 5 3.1 Research Methods – Approach ................................................................. 6 4 WIND ENERGY .............................................................................................. 7 4.1 Types of Wind Turbines ........................................................................... 7 4.2 Components of Conventional Wind Turbine .......................................... 19 4.3 Global Achievement of Wind Energy Generation .................................. 23 4.4 Wind Turbine Manufacturers .................................................................. 25 4.5 Area Suitable for Wind Energy Generation ............................................ 26 4.6 Types of conventional wind energy constructions .................................. 29 4.7 Wind Energy Application ....................................................................... 31 4.8 Arrangement of the Wind Farm .............................................................. 32 4.9 Environmental Effect .............................................................................. 33 5 WIND ENERGY POTENTIALS IN GHANA .............................................. 34 5.1 The Potential of Wind Energy Generation in West Africa ..................... 35 5.2 Production Process for Wind Energy in Ghana ...................................... 36 5.3 Procedure of Wind Energy Project to Ghana .......................................... 37 5.3.1 Wind Energy Analysis for Ghana ............................................... 37 5.3.2 Equipment Needed for the Project .............................................. 41 5.3.3 Cost analysis ............................................................................... 51 5.3.4 Greenhouse gas emission reduction analysis .............................. 54 5.3.5 Financial summary ...................................................................... 54 5.3.6 Risk analysis ............................................................................... 56 5.4 The Barriers in Implementing Wind Power Plants in Ghana ................. 57 6 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS ......................................... 59 REFERENCES ...................................................................................................... 61 APPENDICES v LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. Early Windmill (Teacher Geek 2006) .................................................... 8 Figure 2. Vertical axis wind turbine (Bracken Meyers 2013) ................................ 9 Figure 3. Flapping Panel Wind Turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) .............................. 9 Figure 4. Darrieus Wind Turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) ...................................... 10 Figure 5. Darrieus Wind Turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) ...................................... 10 Figure 6. Giromill wind turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) ........................................ 10 Figure 7. Savonius Wind Turbine (Renewable Energy UK 2010) ...................... 11 Figure 8. Wind spire farm (Markham 2012) ........................................................ 11 Figure 9. Eddy Turbine (Markham 2012) ............................................................ 12 Figure 10. HAWT with three Blades ................................................................... 12 Figure 11. Horizontal axis up-wind turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) ...................... 13 Figure 12. Horizontal axis Down-wind turbine (Teacher Geek 2006) ................ 13 Figure 13. Output of shrouded wind turbine (RIAM Division 2011) .................. 14 Figure 14. Eco Whisper Turbine (Designboom 2012) ......................................... 14 Figure 15. Catching Wind farm (Buczynski 2012) .............................................. 15 Figure 16. Airborne Wind Turbine (Kimura 2012).............................................. 15 Figure 17. Magenn Air Rotor System (MARS) (Kansainväliset Uutiset 2010) .. 16 Figure 18. Airborne Wind Turbine, Rana 2 prototype (Joby Energy 2013) ........ 16 Figure 19. Wind Airborne Tethered Turbine System (Sky Wind Power Corporation 2012) ................................................................................................. 17 vi Figure 20. The Makani Airborne Wind Turbine (Makani Power 2013) .............. 17 Figure 21. Wind Harvester (Markham 2012) ....................................................... 18 Figure 22. Saphon Energy Wind Turbine (Ackerman 2012) ............................... 18 Figure 23. Wind Stalk (Hall 2012) ....................................................................... 19 Figure 24. Components of the wind turbine (U.S. Department of Energy 2013) 20 Figure 25. Wind Turbine Assembly (Pacella 2010) ............................................. 23 Figure 26. Global energy consumption in 2009 (Ren21 2011) ............................ 24 Figure 27. Global Annual installed capacity of wind Energy from 1996-2012 (Global Wind Energy Council 2012). ................................................................... 24 Figure 28. Global Wind speed Map (LaMonica. 2008). ...................................... 27 Figure 29. Illustration of the flow of the wind (Garrison 1993) .......................... 28 Figure 30. Wind formation around the earth (Garrison 1993) ............................. 28 Figure 31. Illustration of the types of wind turbine projects (NREL 2013). ........ 29 Figure 32. Floating mounted wind turbine concept (Stauffer 2006) .................... 30 Figure 33. Wake effect in a wind farm (Longatt et al. 2012) ............................... 32 Figure 34. Wind farm arrangement (Longatt et al. 2012) ...................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Goldwind Brochure-1.5-Web.Indd
    www.goldwindamerica.com E-mail: [email protected] Goldwind USA, Inc. 200 West Madison Street Suite 2800 Chicago, Illinois, USA Tel: +1 312-948-8050 Fax: +1 312-948-8051 PC: 60601 Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd 107 Shanghai Road, Economic & Technological Development Zone, Urumqi, Xinjiang Tel: +86-(0)991-3767999 PMDD WIND TURBINE Fax: +86-(0)991-3762039 PC: 830026 Beijing Goldwind Science & Creation Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. No. 19 Kangding Road, Economic & Technological 1.5MW Development Zone, Beijing (I) Tel: +86-(0)10-87857500 Fax: +86-(0)10-87857529 PC: 100176 No. 8 Boxing 1st Road, Economic & Technological Development Zone, Beijing (II) Tel: +86-(0)10-67511888 Fax: +86-(0)10-67511983 PC: 100176 www.goldwindamerica.com E-mail: [email protected] Goldwind USA, Inc. 200 West Madison Street Suite 2800 Chicago, Illinois, USA Tel: +1 312-948-8050 Fax: +1 312-948-8051 PC: 60601 Xinjiang Goldwind Science & Technology Co., Ltd 107 Shanghai Road, Economic & Technological Development Zone, Urumqi, Xinjiang Tel: +86-(0)991-3767999 PMDD WIND TURBINE Fax: +86-(0)991-3762039 PC: 830026 Beijing Goldwind Science & Creation Windpower Equipment Co., Ltd. No. 19 Kangding Road, Economic & Technological 1.5MW Development Zone, Beijing (I) Tel: +86-(0)10-87857500 Fax: +86-(0)10-87857529 PC: 100176 No. 8 Boxing 1st Road, Economic & Technological Development Zone, Beijing (II) Tel: +86-(0)10-67511888 Fax: +86-(0)10-67511983 PC: 100176 GOLDWIND 1.5MW PMDD WIND TURBINE SERIES DYNAMIC POWER CURVE GENERAL TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
    [Show full text]
  • Ghana), 1922-1974
    LOCAL GOVERNMENT IN EWEDOME, BRITISH TRUST TERRITORY OF TOGOLAND (GHANA), 1922-1974 BY WILSON KWAME YAYOH THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE SCHOOL OF ORIENTAL AND AFRICAN STUDIES, UNIVERSITY OF LONDON IN PARTIAL FUFILMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY DEPARTMENT OF HISTORY APRIL 2010 ProQuest Number: 11010523 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 11010523 Published by ProQuest LLC(2018). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 DECLARATION I have read and understood regulation 17.9 of the Regulations for Students of the School of Oriental and African Studies concerning plagiarism. I undertake that all the material presented for examination is my own work and has not been written for me, in whole or part by any other person. I also undertake that any quotation or paraphrase from the published or unpublished work of another person has been duly acknowledged in the work which I present for examination. SIGNATURE OF CANDIDATE S O A S lTb r a r y ABSTRACT This thesis investigates the development of local government in the Ewedome region of present-day Ghana and explores the transition from the Native Authority system to a ‘modem’ system of local government within the context of colonization and decolonization.
    [Show full text]
  • RSPO NEW Planting Procedures Summary Report of SEIA and HCV Assessment
    RSPO Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil RSPO NEW Planting Procedures Summary Report of SEIA and HCV Assessment SG Sustainable Oils Limited, Brewaniase, Nkwanta South District of the Volta Region, Republic of Ghana. 1.0 Executive Summary SG Sustainable Oils Ghana Ltd (SGSOG), a wholly owned subsidiary of Herakles Farms, is developing approximately 3,715 hectares of sustainable oil palm plantations in Republic of Ghana. SGSOG was incorporated within Ghana in 2008. SGSOG is a subsidiary of Herakles Farms, which was previously known as SG Sustainable Oils (SGSO). SGSO has been a member of RSPO since March 2008, and recently an application by the parent company to RSPO for its membership to be recognized under Herakles Farms has been approved. The company’s palm oil estate is located in the Volta Region, near the village of Brewaniase, Nkwanta South District, Republic of Ghana. This document outlines the Social and Environmental Impact Assessment (SEIA) and High Conservation Value (HCV) Assessment process and documentation for SGSOG’s oil palm development summarized by assessors from SAL Consult Limited and Ghana Wildlife Society. A comprehensive and participatory independent SEIA and HCV Assessment which included internal and external stakeholders were completed. The results incorporated into planning, management and operational ongoing work. The independent assessments recognised the following: There was no primary forest in the location. All area required to maintain or enhance one or more HCV. There was no peat soil identified. All peoples’ private land. Abbreviations Used EIA Environmental Impact Assessment EPA Environmental Protection Agency HCV High Conservation Value IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature RSPO Roundtable on Sustainable Palm Oil SGSOG SG Sustainable Oils Ghana SEIA Social and Environmental Impact Assessment SIA Social Impact Assessment 2.0 Scope of SEIA and HCV Assessment SG Sustainable Oils Ghana Ltd (SGSOG) is a wholly owned subsidiary of Herakles Farms.
    [Show full text]
  • Volta Region
    REGIONAL ANALYTICAL REPORT VOLTA REGION Ghana Statistical Service June, 2013 Copyright © 2013 Ghana Statistical Service Prepared by: Martin K. Yeboah Augusta Okantey Emmanuel Nii Okang Tawiah Edited by: N.N.N. Nsowah-Nuamah Chief Editor: Nii Bentsi-Enchill ii PREFACE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENT There cannot be any meaningful developmental activity without taking into account the characteristics of the population for whom the activity is targeted. The size of the population and its spatial distribution, growth and change over time, and socio-economic characteristics are all important in development planning. The Kilimanjaro Programme of Action on Population adopted by African countries in 1984 stressed the need for population to be considered as a key factor in the formulation of development strategies and plans. A population census is the most important source of data on the population in a country. It provides information on the size, composition, growth and distribution of the population at the national and sub-national levels. Data from the 2010 Population and Housing Census (PHC) will serve as reference for equitable distribution of resources, government services and the allocation of government funds among various regions and districts for education, health and other social services. The Ghana Statistical Service (GSS) is delighted to provide data users with an analytical report on the 2010 PHC at the regional level to facilitate planning and decision-making. This follows the publication of the National Analytical Report in May, 2013 which contained information on the 2010 PHC at the national level with regional comparisons. Conclusions and recommendations from these reports are expected to serve as a basis for improving the quality of life of Ghanaians through evidence-based policy formulation, planning, monitoring and evaluation of developmental goals and intervention programs.
    [Show full text]
  • Master Document Template
    Copyright by Krystian Amadeusz Zimowski 2012 The Thesis Committee for Krystian Amadeusz Zimowski Certifies that this is the approved version of the following thesis: Next Generation Wind Energy Harvester to Power Bridge Health Monitoring Systems APPROVED BY SUPERVISING COMMITTEE: Supervisor: Richard H. Crawford Co-supervisor: Kristin L. Wood Next Generation Wind Energy Harvesting to Power Bridge Health Monitoring Systems by Krystian Amadeusz Zimowski, B.S.M.E. Thesis Presented to the Faculty of the Graduate School of The University of Texas at Austin in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Engineering The University of Texas at Austin May 2012 Dedication This thesis is first of all dedicated to my parents, who sacrificed everything for me and for my education. Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge Dr. Kristin Wood, Dr. Richard Crawford, and Dr. Sharon Wood, for allowing me to work on such a fantastic research project and for mentoring me throughout my graduate studies at The University of Texas at Austin. I am grateful that the National Science Foundation and the National Institute for Standards and Technology (NIST) Technology Innovation Program (TIP) provided funds to address the critical issue of bridge health monitoring systems. I would like also extend a personal thank you to Dr. Dan Jensen at the United States Air Force Academy for granting me the funding to work on this project through a National Science Foundation (NSF) grant for improving student learning using finite element learning modules. Finally, I would like to extend a personal thanks to my fellow mechanical engineers with whom I worked on this project: Sumedh Inamdar, Eric Dierks, and Travis McEvoy.
    [Show full text]
  • Wind Power: Energy of the Future It’S Worth Thinking About
    Wind power: energy of the future It’s worth thinking about. »Energy appears to me to be the first and unique virtue of man.« Wilhelm von Humboldt 2 3 »With methods from the past, there will be no future.« Dr. Bodo Wilkens Wind power on the increase »Environmental protection is an opportunity and not a burden we have to carry.« Helmut Sihler When will the oil run out? Even if experts cannot agree on an exact date, one thing is certain: the era of fossil fuels is coming to an end. In the long term we depend on renewable sources of energy. This is an irrefutable fact, which has culminated in a growing ecological awareness in industry as well as in politics: whereas renewable sources of energy accounted for 4.2 percent of the total consumption of electricity in 1996, the year 2006 registered a proportion of 12 per- cent. And by 2020 this is to be pushed up to 30 percent. The growth of recent years has largely been due to the use of wind power. The speed of technical development over the past 15 years has brought a 20-fold rise in efficiency and right now wind power is the most economical regenerat- ive form there is to produce electricity. In this respect, Germany leads the world: since 1991 more than 19.460 wind power plants have been installed with a wind power capacity of 22.247 MW*. And there is more still planned for the future: away from the coastline, the offshore plants out at sea will secure future electricity supplies.
    [Show full text]
  • Expanded PDF Profile
    Profile Year: 1993 People and Language Detail Report Language Name: Delo ISO Language Code: ntr The Ntrubo of Ghana & Togo Delo is the language of the Ntrubo people. They are located in a group of villages in the south-east corner of Nkwanta district, Volta Region, east and north- east of Dambai and reaching over into Togo. The chief town of the area is Brewaniase, and the area covers about two-hundred square kilometers. The people farm crops of cassava, maize, cocoyam and plantain. They live in compounds that are built about twenty meters apart. They often migrate to towns such as Hohoe, Accra, and Kumasi in search of jobs and further education. The Ntrubo are said to come from Atakpame in Togo, but they do not know the date of their migration. They have cultural as well as linguistic affinities with the Achode and the Adele. Christianity was first introduced in the 1950's with the post war spread of mission schools. Most people with any elementary education would say that they are Roman Catholics or Evangelical Presbyterians. The Pentecostal and Charismatic churches entered the area in the 1960's and 70's respectively. Sadly many church members still continue to practice the traditional religion. Farmers find church going a waste of time, and many are also put off by the insistence on monogamy. Primary Religion: Tribal Religion Disciples (Matt 28.19): 30% Churches: 33 Scripture Status (Matt 28.20): Portions are available Population (date): 10,100 (1995) The Ntrubo of Ghana & Togo Item Name Item Note Have They Heard The Gospel? Profile Summary Call Themselves Christian (%) 30% Believe In Jesus As God & Only Savior (%) 30% Number Of Pastors 20 Number Of Communities There are 9 listed Ntrubo localities Number Of Churches 33 Is The Word Of God Translated? Yes - Portions.
    [Show full text]
  • Prognostics and Health Management of Wind Turbines: Current Status and Future Opportunities Shuangwen (Shawn) Sheng
    Prognostics and Health Management of Wind Turbines: Current Status and Future Opportunities Shuangwen (Shawn) Sheng 2016 PHM Society Annual Conference Denver, Colorado October 4, 2016 NREL/PR-5000-67283 Outline . Introduction . Current status . Challenges and opportunities Photo by Lee Jay Fingersh, NREL 17245 2 Introduction: Global Wind Energy Figure from [1] Photo by HC Sorensen, Photo by Iberdrola Renewables, Inc., NREL 16706 Middelgrunden Wind Turbine Cooperative, NREL 17856 3 Reliability of Turbine Subassemblies: Old Statistics Failure/turbine/year and downtime from two large surveys of land-based European wind turbines during 13 years Electrical System LWK Failure Rate, approx 5800 Turbine Years Electrical Control WMEP Failure Rate, approx 15400 Turbine Years Other LWK Downtime, approx 5800 Turbine Years Hydraulic System WMEP Downtime, approx 15400 Turbine Years Yaw System Rotor Hub Mechanical Brake Rotor Blades Gearbox Generator Drive Train Figure from [2] 1 0.75 0.5 0.25 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Failure/turbine/year Downtime per failure (days) • The Wissenschaftliches Mess-und Evaluierungsprogramm (WMEP) database was accomplished from 1989 to 2006 and contains failure statistics from 1,500 wind turbines [3]. • Failure statistics published by Landwirtschaftskammer Schleswig-Holstein (LWK) from 1993 to 2006 contain failure data from more than 650 wind turbines [3]. 4 Outage Duration for Different Subsystems: New Statistics . Downtime caused by premature component/subsystem failures, led by gearboxes, challenges the wind industry and results in an increased cost of energy for wind power. Average Turbine Outage Duration for Failures >1 Hour (days) 6 - Mechanical: yaw systems, mechanical brakes, hydraulic systems, rotor hubs, drivetrain 4 - Electrical: sensors, electrics, control systems.
    [Show full text]
  • Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind Farms on the OCS
    Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind Farms on the OCS Part 2 of 2 Parts - Commentary pal Author, Houston, Texas Houston, Texas pal Author, Project No. 633, Contract M09PC00015 Prepared for: Minerals Management Service Department of the Interior Dr. Malcolm Sharples, Princi This draft report has not been reviewed by the Minerals Management Service, nor has it been approved for publication. Approval, when given, does not signify that the contents necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Service, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Offshore : Risk & Technology Consulting Inc. December 2009 MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE CONTRACT Structure, Equipment and Systems for Offshore Wind on the OCS - Commentary 2 MMS Order No. M09PC00015 Structure, Equipment and Systems: Commentary Front Page Acknowledgement– Kuhn M. (2001), Dynamics and design optimisation of OWECS, Institute for Wind Energy, Delft Univ. of Technology TABLE OF CONTENTS Authors’ Note, Disclaimer and Invitation:.......................................................................... 5 1.0 OVERVIEW ........................................................................................................... 6 MMS and Alternative Energy Regulation .................................................................... 10 1.1 Existing Standards and Guidance Overview..................................................... 13 1.2 Country Requirements. ....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • CHAPTER 6 Design and Development of Megawatt Wind Turbines
    CHAPTER 6 Design and development of megawatt wind turbines Lawrence D. Willey General Electric Energy Wind, USA. Electric power generation is the single most important factor in the prosperity of modern man. Yet, increasing concerns over carbon emissions from burning fossil fuels have brought large-scale renewable energy technologies to the forefront of technological development. Framework for the successful design and develop- ment of large wind turbines (WTs) addresses the world’s power generation needs. The motivation for this work, the broad framework for success, the best approach for product design, various techniques and special considerations, and develop- ment aspects are presented. Horizontal axis WTs operating inland or in near-shore applications are specifi cally addressed. 1 Introduction Supplies of fossil fuels are inadequate to meet the growing need for more power generation, which is driven by increasing demand for electricity [ 1, 2 ]. The hori- zontal axis wind turbine (HAWT) is one of the most economical forms of modern power generation. HAWTs have numerous benefi ts: they conserve dwindling fos- sil fuel resources, reduce harmful emissions, and support a sustainable electric energy infrastructure for posterity. Large wind turbines (WTs) are an engineering challenge; they must endure some of the largest numbers of fatigue cycles for structures while meeting size and cost constraints [49]. New WTs must maximize reliability, availability, maintenance, and serviceability (RAMS) while having the lowest cost of energy (CoE) and highest net present value (NPV) for a customer and an original equipment manufacturer (OEM) [50]. One of the biggest motiva- tions for accelerating technological development of WTs is in support for the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • IEA Wind Technology Collaboration Programme
    IEA Wind Technology Collaboration Programme 2017 Annual Report A MESSAGE FROM THE CHAIR Wind energy continued its strong forward momentum during the past term, with many countries setting records in cost reduction, deployment, and grid integration. In 2017, new records were set for hourly, daily, and annual wind–generated electricity, as well as share of energy from wind. For example, Portugal covered 110% of national consumption with wind-generated electricity during three hours while China’s wind energy production increased 26% to 305.7 TWh. In Denmark, wind achieved a 43% share of the energy mix—the largest share of any IEA Wind TCP member countries. From 2010-2017, land-based wind energy auction prices dropped an average of 25%, and levelized cost of energy (LCOE) fell by 21%. In fact, the average, globally-weighted LCOE for land-based wind was 60 USD/ MWh in 2017, second only to hydropower among renewable generation sources. As a result, new countries are adopting wind energy. Offshore wind energy costs have also significantly decreased during the last few years. In Germany and the Netherlands, offshore bids were awarded at a zero premium, while a Contract for Differences auction round in the United Kingdom included two offshore wind farms with record strike prices as low as 76 USD/MWh. On top of the previous achievements, repowering and life extension of wind farms are creating new opportunities in mature markets. However, other challenges still need to be addressed. Wind energy continues to suffer from long permitting procedures, which may hinder deployment in many countries. The rate of wind energy deployment is also uncertain after 2020 due to lack of policies; for example, only eight out of the 28 EU member states have wind power policies in place beyond 2020.
    [Show full text]
  • U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development
    U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Navigant Consulting, Inc. 77 Bedford Street Suite 400 Burlington, MA 01803-5154 781.270.8314 www.navigant.com February 22, 2013 U.S. Offshore Wind Manufacturing and Supply Chain Development Document Number DE-EE0005364 Prepared for: U.S. Department of Energy Michael Hahn Cash Fitzpatrick Gary Norton Prepared by: Navigant Consulting, Inc. Bruce Hamilton, Principal Investigator Lindsay Battenberg Mark Bielecki Charlie Bloch Terese Decker Lisa Frantzis Aris Karcanias Birger Madsen Jay Paidipati Andy Wickless Feng Zhao Navigant Consortium member organizations Key Contributors American Wind Energy Association Jeff Anthony and Chris Long Great Lakes Wind Collaborative John Hummer and Victoria Pebbles Green Giraffe Energy Bankers Marie DeGraaf, Jérôme Guillet, and Niels Jongste National Renewable Energy Laboratory David Keyser and Eric Lantz Ocean & Coastal Consultants (a COWI company) Brent D. Cooper, P.E., Joe Marrone, P.E., and Stanley M. White, P.E., D.PE, D.CE Tetra Tech EC, Inc. Michael D. Ernst, Esq. Notice and Disclaimer This report was prepared by Navigant Consulting, Inc. for the use of the U.S. Department of Energy – who supported this effort under Award Number DE-EE0005364. The work presented in this report represents our best efforts and judgments based on the information available at the time this report was prepared. Navigant Consulting, Inc. is not responsible for the reader’s use of, or reliance upon, the report, nor any decisions based on the report. NAVIGANT CONSULTING, INC. MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES, EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED. Readers of the report are advised that they assume all liabilities incurred by them, or third parties, as a result of their reliance on the report, or the data, information, findings and opinions contained in the report.
    [Show full text]