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Surgical Outcomes of Rhegmatogenous Retinal A RQUIVOS B RASILEIROS DE ORIGINAL ARTICLE Surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with ocular toxoplasmosis Resultados cirúrgicos do descolamento regmatogênico de retina associado à toxoplasmose ocular Francisco Virmond Moreira1, Andressa Moreira Iwanusk1, Augusto Radünz do Amaral1, Mário Junqueira Nóbrega1,2, Fernando José De Novelli2 1. Universidade da Região de Joinville, Joinville, SC, Brazil. 2. Hospital de Olhos Sadalla Amin Ghanem, Joinville, SC, Brazil. ABSTRACT | Purpose: To evaluate the anatomical and Keywords: Toxoplasmosis, ocular; Retinal detachment; Vitrec- functional outcomes of surgical treatment of retinal detachment tomy; Scleral buckling secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis. Methods: A retrospective analysis of data from patients who had undergone vitreoretinal RESUMO | Objetivo: Avaliar os resultados anatômicos e fun- surgery for retinal detachment secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis cionais após o tratamento do descolamento de retina secundário was conducted. The parameters that were analyzed include à toxoplasmose ocular. Métodos: Análise retrospectiva de surgical procedures, anatomical outcomes, visual acuity, and dados de um banco de dados validado, que incluiu registros postoperative complications. Results: This study included 22 de pacientes submetidos à cirurgia vitreorretiniana para patients, of which 13 were female (59.1%). The mean age was descolamento de retina secundário a toxoplasmose ocular. 28.5 years (SD ± 14.5, range 12-78 years) and the follow-up Foram analisados procedimentos cirúrgicos, sucesso anatômico, period varied from 1 to 163 months (mean 64 months). The mean acuidade visual e complicações pós-operatórias. Resultados: baseline best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 2.0 logMAR Foram avaliados 22 olhos de 22 pacientes. Treze eram do sexo (SD ± 1.0). A total of 31 surgeries were performed, and the feminino (59,1%) e a idade média era de 28,5 anos (DP ± 14,5, retina was reattached in 15 patients (68.2%) immediately after intervalo de 12 a 78 anos). O período de acompanhamento the first surgery and in 20 patients (90.9%) at a later point. The variou de 1 a 163 meses (média de 64 meses). A melhor mean postoperative BCVA improved to 1.3 logMAR (SD ± 0.9) acuidade visual corrigida (BCVA) foi 2,0 logMAR (SD ± 1,0). (p<0.05). Nineteen patients (86.4%) underwent cataract surgery Em geral, entre retinopexia (RSB) e vitrectomia pars plana (PPV) utilizando injeção de óleo de gás ou de silicone (SO), with intraocular lens implant, and 12 patients (60.0%) underwent realizaram-se 31 cirurgias. A retina foi considerada colada em silicone oil removal. Five patients (22.7%) exhibited elevated 15 olhos (68,2%) na primeira cirurgia e em 20 olhos (90,9%) intraocular pressure, and 1 patient (4.5%) developed hypotonia. ao final do estudo. A BCVA pós-operatória média melhorou Conclusion: Surgical treatment of retinal detachment secondary para 1,3 logMAR (SD ± 0,9) (p<0,05). Dezenove olhos (86,4%) to ocular toxoplasmosis resulted in considerable anatomical foram submetidos à cirurgia de catarata com implante de lente and functional improvement. Although PPV with silicone oil intraocular e 12 olhos (60,0%) tiveram remoção de óleo de injection demonstrated the best outcomes, it is not reasonable silicone. Cinco olhos (22,7%) desenvolveram pressão intraocu- to conclude that this is the best surgical approach given the lar elevada e 1 (4,5%) desenvolveu hipotonia. Conclusão: A small number of patients included in this study. abordagem cirúrgica no descolamento de retina secundária a toxoplasmose ocular permitiu importante melhora anatômica e funcional. Embora a PPV com injeção de óleo de silicone tenha demonstrado melhores resultados, não é viável afirmar que é a melhor técnica cirúrgica, devido ao pequeno número e às particularidades dos olhos tratados. Descritores: Toxoplasmose ocular; Descolamento retiniano; Vi- Submitted for publication: June 13, 2017 Accepted for publication: February 8, 2018 trectomia; Recurvamento da esclera Funding: No specific financial support was available for this study. Disclosure of potential conflicts of interest: None of the authors have any potential conflict of interest to disclose. INTRODUCTION Corresponding author: Francisco V. Moreira. The prevalence of toxoplasmosis, a disease caused by Universidade da Região de Joinville. Rua Presidente Castelo Branco, 220 - Joinville, SC - 89204-053 - Brazil - E-mail: [email protected] the obligate intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, This content is licensed under a Creative Commons Attributions 4.0 International License. ■ http://dx.doi.org/10.5935/0004-2749.20180057 Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2018;81(4):281-5 281 Surgical outcomes of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment associated with ocular toxoplasmosis varies with a number of socioeconomic, geographic, records include age, gender, operated eye, baseline climatic, and cultural factors(1,2). In Brazil, 50-83% of the best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), surgical procedu- population is seropositive for T. gondii, and the infection res undergone, number of operations, cataract surgery is considered to be one of the most common causes of with intraocular lens implant, and silicone oil removal. posterior uveitis(3,4). Overall retinal reattachment and improvement in BCVA Toxoplasmosis can be acquired through the handling were considered to be the anatomic and functional ou- or ingestion of undercooked or raw meat such as pork tcomes, respectively. Presence of postoperative compli- and lamb; ingestion of oocysts present in the water and cations such as keratopathy, elevated intraocular pres- on unwashed food, or excreted by infected felines; or sure (IOP >21 mmHg), and hypotonia (IOP <8 mmHg) congenitally through the placenta of an infected preg- were also recorded. nant woman(5,6). The disease is usually self-limited in This study was approved by the Ethics and Research of immunocompetent individuals but can lead to serious Human Beings Committee of the University of Joinville visual complications affecting the posterior pole, the Region. It was carried out in accordance with the Regu- vitreoretinal interface, and the anterior segment(1,7-9). latory Standards and Guidelines for Research involving Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) is one of human subjects (Resolution 466/2012 of the National the leading causes of blindness associated with ocular Health Board of Brazil). All patients received a detailed toxoplasmosis. It originates from the posterior vitreous description of the surgical procedures to be undertaken detachment secondary to intraocular inflammation and and the risk of potential complications and were asked (8,10,11) requires surgical treatment . Various techniques to sign an informed consent form thereafter. for retinal repositioning, including retinopexy with scleral buckle (RSB) and pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) Surgical procedure associated with gas or silicone oil (SO) injection, have Surgical techniques included scleral buckling, pars been proposed over time. The postoperative results may plana vitrectomy, or a combination of the two procedu- vary depending on the condition of the macula, the res. Scleral buckling was performed using an encircling detachment time, and the presence of proliferative vi- silicone band (2.5 mm wide) with or without a seg- treoretinopathy. mental silicone tire (7 mm wide). Pars plana vitrectomy The main objective of this study was to analyze the was carried out by using a 20 or 23-gauge system to ana tomical and functional outcomes of patients with apply an infusion of 15% perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas retinal detachment secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis or 5000-centistoke silicone oil into the vitreous cavity. treated in a single reference center in southern Brazil. Phacoemulsification with an intraocular lens implant was carried in case of significant lens opacity, followed METHODS by a posterior segment surgery afterwards. Participants and setting This non-comparative study was a case-series inclu- Data analyses ding patients with rhegmatogenous retinal detachment The quantitative variables were presented as mean secondary to ocular toxoplasmosis. All examinations and standard deviations (SD), while the qualitative and surgical treatments were performed by two expe- variables were presented as absolute and relative fre- rienced surgeons (MJN, FJDN) between April 2000 and quencies (%). BCVA was evaluated using the Snellen February 2013 at the Hospital de Olhos Sadalla Amin scale and converted into logarithm units of the minimal Ghanem, Joinville, Brazil. angle of resolution (logMAR). Functional improvement The medical charts of patients who had undergone or worsening was defined as a difference of more than vitreoretinal surgery for retinal detachment secondary 0.2 logMAR between baseline and final BCVA, and to ocular toxoplasmosis were reviewed, and individuals Friedman’s analysis of variance on ranks was used to with a history of proliferative diabetic retinopathy, pa- compare preoperative and postoperative BCVA. thological myopia, pseudophakia, penetrating or blunt Statistical significance was set at p<0.05, and all ocular trauma, or other causes of uveitis were excluded analyses were performed using the SPSS software (Version from the study. The patient data extracted from the 21.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). 282 Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2018;81(4):281-5 Moreira FV, et al. RESULTS and required subsequent procedures. Primary surgical This study included a total of 22 patients, of which 13 procedures that required another
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