Mesozoic Era Part 1 Sign & Return

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Mesozoic Era Part 1 Sign & Return Mr. Ehle – 5 th Grade Science Parent Signature: ______________________ By the end of this unit I will know: Student Signature: ______________________ • what life on earth was like during the Mesozoic era • which dinosaurs lived during each period of the Mesozoic era. • how dinosaurs from each period of the Mesozoic Era adapted to their unique environment. • how a fossil is formed and the different types of fossils. I will show my understanding through: Earned Possible Assignment Description 4 pts Mesozoic Era Booklet Sheet Completed as class 10 pts Dinosaur Profile Sheet Completed as individual 5 pts Dinosaur Drawing Completed as individual 0 pts Mesozoic Era Mural Completed as group 12 pts Fossil Facts Comprehension Sheet Completed with partner 3 pts Fossil Mold Participation Completed with partner 3 pts Bill Nye Fossils Anticipation Guide Completed as individual 10 pts Mesozoic Era Part 1 Quiz Completed as individual 45 points possible I will keep all my work in my portfolio to share at conferences. Mesozoic Era Part 1 Study Guide Vocabulary Mesozoic Era An era of geologic time that lasted from 245-65 million years ago Triassic Period 245-208 Million Years Ago Jurassic Period 208-135 Million Years Ago Cretaceous Period 135-65 Million Years Ago adapt To adjust to particular conditions extinction The total disappearance of a species so that it no longer exists amber tree sap that became hard fossil bones and other signs of a plant or animal paleontologist scientist who studies fossils trace fossil fossil that shows just a sign of something, like a footprint The Mesozoic Era is so long that it is divided into 3 parts: Triassic, Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Name 1 dinosaur that lived during each period of the Mesozoic Era: Triassic dinosaurs: Plateosaurus, Anchisaurus, Coelophysis, Dilophosaurus, Eoraptor, Herrerasaurus, Mussaurus, Jurassic dinosaurs: Meglosaurus, Brachiosarus, Dryosaurus, Allosaurus, Aptosaurus, Diplodocus, Stegosaurus, Supersaurus Cretaceous dinosaurs: Iguanadon, Spinosaurus, Gigantosaurus, Gallimimus, Oviraptor, Proceratops, Tyrannosaurus Rex, Velociraptor, Ankylosaurus, Triceratops Fossils give us clues to what Earth was like long ago. Fossils are formed when plants or animals die and are covered up by sediment, slowly turning to rock. .

Copy Link

Recommended publications

Anomalously High Variation in Postnatal Development Is Ancestral for Dinosaurs but Lost in Birds
Anomalously high variation in postnatal development is ancestral for dinosaurs but lost in birds Christopher T. Griffina,1 and Sterling J. Nesbitta aDepartment of Geosciences, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Blacksburg, VA 24061 Edited by Neil H. Shubin, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, and approved November 3, 2016 (received for review August 19, 2016) Compared with all other living reptiles, birds grow extremely fast sequence analysis (OSA) (32) to reconstruct growth sequences of and possess unusually low levels of intraspecific variation during these early dinosaurs, two avian species (Branta canadensis and postnatal development. It is now clear that birds inherited their high Meleagris gallopavo), and a single crocodylian species (Alligator rates of growth from their dinosaurian ancestors, but the origin of mississippiensis), and demonstrate that the earliest dinosaurs the avian condition of low variation during development is poorly developed differently than living archosaurs. constrained. The most well-understood growth trajectories of later Mesozoic theropods (e.g., Tyrannosaurus, Allosaurus)showsimilarly Results low variation to birds, contrasting with higher variation in extant Our OSAs indicate that both C. bauri and M. rhodesiensis pos- crocodylians. Here, we show that deep within Dinosauria, among sessed a high level of intraspecific variation, both in sequence the earliest-diverging dinosaurs, anomalously high intraspecific var- polymorphism and in body size at different levels of morpho- iation is widespread but then is lost in more derived theropods. This logical maturity (Figs. 1 and 2). Analysis of the 27 ontogenetic style of development is ancestral for dinosaurs and their closest characters for C. bauri reconstructed 136 equally parsimonious relatives, and, surprisingly, this level of variation is far higher than developmental sequences (Fig.
[Show full text]
Download the Article
A couple of partially-feathered creatures about the The Outside Story size of a turkey pop out of a stand of ferns. By the water you spot a flock of bigger animals, lean and predatory, catching fish. And then an even bigger pair of animals, each longer than a car, with ostentatious crests on their heads, stalk out of the heat haze. The fish-catchers dart aside, but the new pair have just come to drink. We can only speculate what a walk through Jurassic New England would be like, but the fossil record leaves many hints. According to Matthew Inabinett, one of the Beneski Museum of Natural History’s senior docents and a student of vertebrate paleontology, dinosaur footprints found in the sedimentary rock of the Connecticut Valley reveal much about these animals and their environment. At the time, the land that we know as New England was further south, close to where Cuba is now. A system of rift basins that cradled lakes ran right through our region, from North Carolina to Nova Scotia. As reliable sources of water, with plants for the herbivores and fish for the carnivores, the lakes would have been havens of life. While most of the fossil footprints found in New England so far are in the lower Connecticut Valley, Dinosaur Tracks they provide a window into a world that extended throughout the region. According to Inabinett, the By: Rachel Marie Sargent tracks generally fall into four groupings. He explained that these names are for the tracks, not Imagine taking a walk through a part of New the dinosaurs that made them, since, “it’s very England you’ve never seen—how it was 190 million difficult, if not impossible, to match a footprint to a years ago.
[Show full text]
The Origin and Early Evolution of Dinosaurs
Biol. Rev. (2010), 85, pp. 55–110. 55 doi:10.1111/j.1469-185X.2009.00094.x The origin and early evolution of dinosaurs Max C. Langer1∗,MartinD.Ezcurra2, Jonathas S. Bittencourt1 and Fernando E. Novas2,3 1Departamento de Biologia, FFCLRP, Universidade de São Paulo; Av. Bandeirantes 3900, Ribeirão Preto-SP, Brazil 2Laboratorio de Anatomia Comparada y Evolución de los Vertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales ‘‘Bernardino Rivadavia’’, Avda. Angel Gallardo 470, Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina 3CONICET (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Cient´ıficas y Técnicas); Avda. Rivadavia 1917 - Cdad. de Buenos Aires, Argentina (Received 28 November 2008; revised 09 July 2009; accepted 14 July 2009) ABSTRACT The oldest unequivocal records of Dinosauria were unearthed from Late Triassic rocks (approximately 230 Ma) accumulated over extensional rift basins in southwestern Pangea. The better known of these are Herrerasaurus ischigualastensis, Pisanosaurus mertii, Eoraptor lunensis,andPanphagia protos from the Ischigualasto Formation, Argentina, and Staurikosaurus pricei and Saturnalia tupiniquim from the Santa Maria Formation, Brazil. No uncontroversial dinosaur body fossils are known from older strata, but the Middle Triassic origin of the lineage may be inferred from both the footprint record and its sister-group relation to Ladinian basal dinosauromorphs. These include the typical Marasuchus lilloensis, more basal forms such as Lagerpeton and Dromomeron, as well as silesaurids: a possibly monophyletic group composed of Mid-Late Triassic forms that may represent immediate sister taxa to dinosaurs. The first phylogenetic definition to fit the current understanding of Dinosauria as a node-based taxon solely composed of mutually exclusive Saurischia and Ornithischia was given as ‘‘all descendants of the most recent common ancestor of birds and Triceratops’’.
[Show full text]
Rule Booklet
Dig for fossils, build skeletons, and attract the most visitors to your museum! TM SCAN FOR VIDEO RULES AND MORE! FOSSILCANYON.COM Dinosaurs of North America edimentary rock formations of western North America are famous for the fossilized remains of dinosaurs The rules are simple enough for young players, but and other animals from the Triassic, Jurassic, and serious players can benefit Cretaceous periods of the Mesozoic Era. Your objective from keeping track of the cards that is to dig up fossils, build complete skeletons, and display have appeared, reasoning about them in your museum to attract as many visitors as possible. probabilities and expected returns, and choosing between aggressive Watch your museum’s popularity grow using jigsaw-puzzle and conservative plays. scoring that turns the competition into a race! GAME CONTENTS TM 200,000300,000 160,000 VISITORS VISITORS PER YEAR 140,000 VISITORS PER YEAR 180,000 VISITORS PER YEAR 400,000 VISITORS PER YEAR Dig for fossils, build skeletons, and 340,000 VISITORS PER YEAR RD COLOR ELETONS CA GENUS PERIODDIET SK FOSSIL VISITORSPARTS 360,000 VISITORS PER YEAR PER YEAR attract the most visitors to your museum! VISITORS PER YEAR PER YEAR Tyrannosaurus K C 1 4 500,000 Brachiosaurus J H 1 3 400,000 ON YOUR TURN: TM SCAN FOR VIDEO Triceratops K H 1 3 380,000 RULES AND MORE! Allosaurus J C 2 Dig3 a first360,000 card. If it is a fossil, keep it hidden. FOSSILCANYON.COM Ankylosaurus K H 2 If it3 is an340,000 action card, perform the action.
[Show full text]
Massospondylus Carinatus Owen 1854 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Lower Jurassic of South Africa: Proposed Conservation of Usage by Designation of a Neotype
Massospondylus carinatus Owen 1854 (Dinosauria: Sauropodomorpha) from the Lower Jurassic of South Africa: Proposed conservation of usage by designation of a neotype Adam M. Yates1* & Paul M. Barrett2 1Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, WITS, 2050 Johannesburg, South Africa 2Department of Palaeontology, The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, SW7 5BD, U.K. Received 17 February 2010. Accepted 12 November 2010 The purpose of this article is to preserve the usage of the binomen Massospondylus carinatus by designating a neotype specimen. Massospondylus is the most abundant basal sauropodomorph dinosaur from the Early Jurassic strata of southern Africa. This taxon forms the basis for an extensive palaeobiological literature and is the eponym of Massospondylidae and the nominal taxon of a biostratigraphical unit in current usage, the ‘Massospondylus Range Zone’. The syntype series of M. carinatus (five disarticulated and broken vertebrae) was destroyed during World War II, but plaster casts and illustrations of the material survive. Nonetheless, these materials cannot act as type material for this taxon under the rules of the ICZN Code. In order to avoid nomenclatural instability, we hereby designate BP/1/4934 (a skull and largely complete postcranial skeleton) as the neotype of Massospondylus carinatus. Keywords: Dinosauria, Sauropodomorpha, Massospondylidae, Massospondylus, Massospondylus carinatus, neotype, South Africa, upper Elliot Formation, Early Jurassic. INTRODUCTION same taxon, possibly even the same individual, as at least Richard Owen described and named Massospondylus some of the syntype series of Massospondylus carinatus. carinatus (1854, p. 97) with carinatus as the type species of Their initial separation from Massospondylus carinatus the genus by monotypy.
[Show full text]
A Re-Evaluation of the Enigmatic Dinosauriform Caseosaurus Crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and Its Implications for Early Dinosaur Evolution
A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution MATTHEW G. BARON and MEGAN E. WILLIAMS Baron, M.G. and Williams, M.E. 2018. A re-evaluation of the enigmatic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis from the Late Triassic of Texas, USA and its implications for early dinosaur evolution. Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 63 (1): 129–145. The holotype specimen of the Late Triassic dinosauriform Caseosaurus crosbyensis is redescribed and evaluated phylogenetically for the first time, providing new anatomical information and data on the earliest dinosaurs and their evolution within the dinosauromorph lineage. Historically, Caseosaurus crosbyensis has been considered to represent an early saurischian dinosaur, and often a herrerasaur. More recent work on Triassic dinosaurs has cast doubt over its supposed dinosaurian affinities and uncertainty about particular features in the holotype and only known specimen has led to the species being regarded as a dinosauriform of indeterminate position. Here, we present a new diagnosis for Caseosaurus crosbyensis and refer additional material to the taxon—a partial right ilium from Snyder Quarry. Our com- parisons and phylogenetic analyses suggest that Caseosaurus crosbyensis belongs in a clade with herrerasaurs and that this clade is the sister taxon of Dinosauria, rather than positioned within it. This result, along with other recent analyses of early dinosaurs, pulls apart what remains of the “traditional” group of dinosaurs collectively termed saurischians into a polyphyletic assemblage and implies that Dinosauria should be regarded as composed exclusively of Ornithoscelida (Ornithischia + Theropoda) and Sauropodomorpha. In addition, our analysis recovers the enigmatic European taxon Saltopus elginensis among herrerasaurs for the first time.
[Show full text]
The Anatomy and Phylogenetic Relationships of Antetonitrus Ingenipes (Sauropodiformes, Dinosauria): Implications for the Origins of Sauropoda
THE ANATOMY AND PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF ANTETONITRUS INGENIPES (SAUROPODIFORMES, DINOSAURIA): IMPLICATIONS FOR THE ORIGINS OF SAUROPODA Blair McPhee A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2013 i ii ABSTRACT A thorough description and cladistic analysis of the Antetonitrus ingenipes type material sheds further light on the stepwise acquisition of sauropodan traits just prior to the Triassic/Jurassic boundary. Although the forelimb of Antetonitrus and other closely related sauropododomorph taxa retains the plesiomorphic morphology typical of a mobile grasping structure, the changes in the weight-bearing dynamics of both the musculature and the architecture of the hindlimb document the progressive shift towards a sauropodan form of graviportal locomotion. Nonetheless, the presence of hypertrophied muscle attachment sites in Antetonitrus suggests the retention of an intermediary form of facultative bipedality. The term Sauropodiformes is adopted here and given a novel definition intended to capture those transitional sauropodomorph taxa occupying a contiguous position on the pectinate line towards Sauropoda. The early record of sauropod diversification and evolution is re- examined in light of the paraphyletic consensus that has emerged regarding the ‘Prosauropoda’ in recent years. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First, I would like to express sincere gratitude to Adam Yates for providing me with the opportunity to do ‘real’ palaeontology, and also for gladly sharing his considerable knowledge on sauropodomorph osteology and phylogenetics. This project would not have been possible without the continued (and continual) support (both emotionally and financially) of my parents, Alf and Glenda McPhee – Thank you.
[Show full text]
A Dinosaur Track from New Jersey at the State Museum in Trenton
New Jersey Geological and Water Survey Information Circular What's in a Rock? A Dinosaur Track from New Jersey at the State Museum in Trenton Introduction a large dinosaur track (fig. 2) on the bottom. Most of the rock is sedimentary, sandstone from the 15,000-foot-thick Passaic A large, red rock in front of the New Jersey State Museum Formation. The bottom part is igneous, lava from the 525-foot- (NJSM) in Trenton (fig. 1) is more than just a rock. It has a thick Orange Mountain Basalt, which overspread the Passaic fascinating geological history. This three-ton slab, was excavated Formation. (The overspreading lava was originally at the top of from a construction site in Woodland Park, Passaic County. It the rock, but the rock is displayed upside down to showcase the was brought to Trenton in 2010 and placed upside down to show dinosaur footprint). The rock is about 200 million years old, from the Triassic footprints Period of geologic time. It formed in a rift valley, the Newark Passaic Formation Basin, when Africa, positioned adjacent to the mid-Atlantic states, began to pull eastward and North America began to pull westward contact to open the Atlantic Ocean. The pulling and stretching caused faults to move and the rift valley to subside along border faults including the Ramapo Fault of northeastern New Jersey, about 8 miles west of Woodland Park. Sediments from erosion of higher Collection site Orange Mountain Basalt top N Figure 1. Rock at the New Jersey State Museum. Photo by W. Kuehne Adhesion ripples DESCRIPTION OF MAP UNITS 0 1 2 mi Orange Mountain Basalt L 32 cm Jo (Lower Jurassic) 0 1 2 km W 25.4 cm contour interval 20 feet ^p Passaic Formation (Upper Triassic) Figure 3.
[Show full text]
The Pelvic and Hind Limb Anatomy of the Stem-Sauropodomorph Saturnalia Tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil)
PaleoBios 23(2):1–30, July 15, 2003 © 2003 University of California Museum of Paleontology The pelvic and hind limb anatomy of the stem-sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim (Late Triassic, Brazil) MAX CARDOSO LANGER Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, BS8 1RJ Bristol, UK. Current address: Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Av. Bandeirantes, 3900 14040-901 Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; [email protected] Three partial skeletons allow a nearly complete description of the sacrum, pelvic girdle, and hind limb of the stem- sauropodomorph Saturnalia tupiniquim, from the Late Triassic Santa Maria Formation, South Brazil. The new morphological data gathered from these specimens considerably improves our knowledge of the anatomy of basal dinosaurs, providing the basis for a reassessment of various morphological transformations that occurred in the early evolution of these reptiles. These include an increase in the number of sacral vertebrae, the development of a brevis fossa, the perforation of the acetabulum, the inturning of the femoral head, as well as various modiﬁcations in the insertion of the iliofemoral musculature and the tibio-tarsal articulation. In addition, the reconstruction of the pelvic musculature of Saturnalia, along with a study of its locomotion pattern, indicates that the hind limb of early dinosaurs did not perform only a fore-and-aft stiff rotation in the parasagittal plane, but that lateral and medial movements of the leg were also present and important. INTRODUCTION sisting of most of the presacral vertebral series, both sides Saturnalia tupiniquim was described in a preliminary of the pectoral girdle, right humerus, partial right ulna, right fashion by Langer et al.
[Show full text]
Rodrigo Temp Müller
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE SANTA MARIA CENTRO DE CIÊNCIAS NATURAIS E EXATAS PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM BIODIVERSIDADE ANIMAL Rodrigo Temp Müller DESCRIÇÃO E POSICIONAMENTO FILOGENÉTICO DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE SAUROPODOMORFA DA FORMAÇÃO CATURRITA Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2016 Rodrigo Temp Müller DESCRIÇÃO E POSICIONAMENTO FILOGENÉTICO DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE SAUROPODOMORFA DA FORMAÇÃO CATURRITA Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Área de Concentração em Sistemática e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas - Área Biodiversidade Animal. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Sérgio Dias da Silva Co-orientador: Prof Dr. Max Cardoso Langer Santa Maria, RS, Brasil 2016 Rodrigo Temp Müller DESCRIÇÃO E POSICIONAMENTO FILOGENÉTICO DE UM NOVO ESPÉCIME DE SAUROPODOMORFA DA FORMAÇÃO CATURRITA Dissertação apresentada ao Curso de Mestrado do Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biodiversidade Animal, Área de Concentração em Sistemática e Biologia Evolutiva, da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria (UFSM, RS), como requisito parcial para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Ciências Biológicas - Área Biodiversidade Animal. Aprovado em 22 de Fevereiro de 2016: Sérgio Dias da Silva, Dr. (Presidente/Orientador) Felipe Lima Pinheiro, Dr. (UNIPAMPA) Marco Brandalise de Andrade, Dr. (PUCRS) Santa Maria, RS 2016 AGRADECIMENTOS Aos meus pais, Estefânia Temp Müller e Gercides Müller por todo o apoio das diversas maneiras. Cada parte deste e qualquer outro estudo que eu venha a desenvolver terá algo de vocês. Ao Dr. Sérgio Dias da Silva pela orientação ao longo do mestrado e por possibilitar que eu continue fazendo o que gosto.
[Show full text]
Ontogenetic Changes in the Body Plan of the Sauropodomorph Dinosaur Mussaurus Patagonicus Reveal Shifts of Locomotor Stance Duri
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Ontogenetic changes in the body plan of the sauropodomorph dinosaur Mussaurus patagonicus Received: 8 November 2018 Accepted: 8 May 2019 reveal shifts of locomotor stance Published: xx xx xxxx during growth Alejandro Otero 1,2, Andrew R. Cuf 3, Vivian Allen3, Lauren Sumner-Rooney3,4, Diego Pol2,5 & John R. Hutchinson 3 Ontogenetic information is crucial to understand life histories and represents a true challenge in dinosaurs due to the scarcity of growth series available. Mussaurus patagonicus was a sauropodomorph dinosaur close to the origin of Sauropoda known from hatchling, juvenile and mature specimens, providing a sufciently complete ontogenetic series to reconstruct general patterns of ontogeny. Here, in order to quantify how body shape and its relationship with locomotor stance (quadruped/ biped) changed in ontogeny, hatchling, juvenile (~1 year old) and adult (8+ years old) individuals were studied using digital models. Our results show that Mussaurus rapidly grew from about 60 g at hatching to ~7 kg at one year old, reaching >1000 kg at adulthood. During this time, the body’s centre of mass moved from a position in the mid-thorax to a more caudal position nearer to the pelvis. We infer that these changes of body shape and centre of mass refect a shift from quadrupedalism to bipedalism occurred early in ontogeny in Mussaurus. Our study indicates that relative development of the tail and neck was more infuential in determining the locomotor stance in Sauropodomorpha during ontogeny, challenging previous studies, which have emphasized the infuence of hindlimb vs. forelimb lengths on sauropodomorph stance.
[Show full text]
The Dinosaurs of North America
FEOM THE SIXTEENTH ANNUAL KEPOKT OF THE U. S, GEOLOGICAL SURVEY THE DINOSAURS OF NORTH AMERICA OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH TALE UNIVERSITY WASHINGTON 1896 ^33/^, I/BRAKt 4 ,\ . THE DINOSAURS OF NORTH AMERICA. BY OTHNIEL CHARLES MARSH. 133 CONTENTS. Pajje. Introduction 143 Part I. —Triassic dinosaurs 146 Theropoda 146 Anchisaurida? 147 Anchisaurus 147 The skull 148 The fore limbs 149 The hind limbs 149 Anchisaurus solus 149 Amniosaurus rTT 150 Eestoration of Anchisaurus 150 Dinosaurian footprints 151 Distribution of Triassic dinosaurs 152 Part II. —Jurassic dinosaurs 152 Theropoda : 153 Hallopus 153 Fore and hind limbs 154 Coelurus _ 155 The vertebra:- 155 The hind limbs 156 Ceratosaurus 156 The skull 157 The brain 159 The lower iaws 159 The vertebra: 159 The scapular arch 160 The pelvic arch 160 The metatarsals 162 Eestoration of Ceratosaurus 163 Allosaurus 163 European Theropoda 163 Sauropoda 164 Atlantosaurus beds 164 Families of Sauropoda 165 Atlantosauridie 166 Atlantosaurus 166 Apatosaurus 166 The sacral cavity 166 The vertebra- 167 Brontosaurus 168 The scapular arch 168 The cervical vertebra.- 169 The dorsal vertebree 169 The sacrum 170 The caudal vertebra- 171 The pelric arch 172 The fore limbs 173 The hind limbs 173 135 136 CONTENTS. Part II. —Jurassic dinosaurs—Continued. Page. Sauropoda—Continued. Atlantosaurida? —Continued. Restoration of Brontosaurus 173 Barnsaurus 174 Diplodoeida? 175 Diplodocus 175 The skull 175 The brain 178 The lower jaws 178 The teeth 179 The vertebra; 180 The sternal bones 180 The pelvic girdle 180 Size and habits 180 Morosaurida? 181 Morosaurus 181 The skull 181 The vertebra? 181 The fore limbs 182 The pelvis 182 The hind limbs 183 Pleuroccelida? : 183 Pleurocoelus 183 The skull 183 The vertebras 183 Distribution of the Sauropoda 185 Comparison with European forms 185 Predentata ».
[Show full text]