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LEPTIN ENDOCRINE UPDATES Shlomo Melmed, M.D., Series Editor LEPTIN ENDOCRINE UPDATES Shlomo Melmed, M.D., Series Editor J.A. Fagin (ed.): Thyroid Cancer. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8326-5 J.S. Adams and B.P. Lukert (eds.): Osteoporosis: Genetics, Prevention and Treatment. 1998. ISBN: 0-7923-8366-4. B.-A. Bengtsson (ed.): Growth Hormone. 1999. ISBN: 0-7923-8478-4 C. Wang (ed.): Male Reproductive Function. 1999. ISBN: 0-7923-8520-9 B. Rapoport and S.M. McLachlan (eds.): Graves' Disease: Pathogenesis and Treatment. 2000. ISBN: 0-7923-7790-7. W. W. de Herder (ed.): Functional and Morphological Imaging of the Endocrine System. 2000. ISBN 0-7923-7923-9 H.G. Burger (ed.): Sex Hormone Replacement Therapy. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7965-9 A. Giustina (ed.): Growth Hormone and the Heart. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7212-3 W.L. Lowe, Jr. (ed.): Genetics of Diabetes Mellitus. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7252-2 J.F. Habener and M.A. Hussain (eds.): Molecular Basis of Pancreas Development and Function. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7271-9 N. Horseman (ed.): Prolactin. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7290-5 M. Castro (ed.): Transgenic Models in Endocrinology. 2001 ISBN 0-7923-7344-8 R. Bahn (ed.): Thyroid Eye Disease. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7380-4 M.D. Bronstein (ed.): Pituitary Tumors in Pregnancy ISBN 0-7923-7442-8 K. Sandberg and S.E. Mulroney (eds.): RNA Binding Proteins: New Concepts in Gene Regulation. 2001. ISBN 0-7923-7612-9 V. Goffin and P. A. Kelly (eds.): Hormone Signaling. 2002 ISBN 0-7923-7660-9 M. C. Sheppard and P. M. Stewart (eds.): Pituitary Disease. 2002 ISBN 1-4020-7122-1 N. Chattopadhyay and E.M. Brown (eds.): Calcium-Sensing Receptor. 2002. ISBN 1-4020-7314-3 H. Vaudry and A. Arimura (eds.): Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase- Activating Polypeptide. 2002. ISBN 1-4020-7306-2 R.C. Gaillard (ed.): The ACTH AXIS: Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment. 2003. ISBN 1-4020-7563-4 P. Beck-Peccoz (ed.): Syndromes of Hormone Resistance on the Hypothalamic- Pituitary-Thyroid Axis. 2004. ISBN 1-4020-7807-2 E. Ghigo (ed.): Ghrelin. 2004. ISBN 1-4020-7770-X C.B. Srikant (ed.): Somatostatin. 2004. ISBN 1-4020-7799-8 V.D. Castracane and M.C. Henson (eds.): Leptin. 2006. ISBN 0-387-31415-6 G. Bray and D. Ryan (eds.): Obesity and the Metabolic Syndrome. 2006. ISBN 0-387-32163-2 LEPTIN edited by V. Daniel Castracane, Ph.D. Professor Emeritus Texas Tech University School of Medicine Lubbock, Texas, USA Michael C. Henson, Ph.D. Professor and Head Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University Calumet Hammond, Indiana, USA ^ Sprringei r V. Daniel Castracane, PhD Michael C. Henson, PhD Director of Laboratory Operations Dept. of Obstetrics and Gynecology Foundation for Blood Research School of Medicine P. O. Box 190 Tulane University Health Sciences Center Scarborough, ME, USA New Orleans, LA, USA LEPTIN Library of Congress Control Number: 2005938989 ISBN-10: 0-387-31415-6 e-ISBN-10: 0-387-31416-4 ISBN-13: 978-0387-31415-0 e-ISBN-13: 978-0387-31416-7 Printed on acid-free paper. © 2006 Springer Science-i-Business Media, LLC All rights reserved. This work may not be translated or copied in whole or in part without the written permission of the publisher (Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 233 Spring Street, New York, NY 10013, USA), except for brief excerpts in connection with reviews or scholarly analysis. Use in connection with any form of information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed is forbidden. The use in this publication of trade names, trademarks, service marks and similar terms, even if they are not identified as such, is not to be taken as an expression of opinion as to whether or not they are subject to proprietary rights. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of going to press, neither the authors nor the editors nor the publisher can accept any legal responsibility for any errors or omissions that may be made. The publisher makes no warranty, express or implied, with respect to the material contained herein. Printed in the United States of America. 987654321 springer.com Dedication This volume is dedicated to my parents, wiio fostered the desire for education, and to a long list of mentors and colleagues who have contributed to my scientific development; but especially to Catherine, Teresa and Jennifer who serve as the continuing inspiration of my life. VDC This volume is dedicated to my parents, mentors, trainees and collaborators, and to my colleagues of the Gulf coast, many of whom lost so much in the hurricanes of 2005; but especially to Libby, Kate, Rachel and Chris, who continue to make everything worthwhile. MCH CONTENTS Dedication v List of Contributors ix Preface xv 1. The obese (ob/ob) mouse and the discovery of leptin 1 V. Daniel Castracane and Michael C. Henson 2. Leptin receptors 11 Laura C. Schulz and Eric P. Widmaier 3. Leptin and obesity 33 Lauren N. Bell and Robert V. Considine 4. Leptin and neuroendocrinology 53 Abhiram Sahu 5. Leptin-insulin interrelationships 79 Asha Thomas-Geevarghese and Robert Ratner 6. Leptin and other endocrine systems 103 Robert V. Considine 7. Leptin and immune function, inflammation and 125 angiogenesis Giuseppe Matarese, Claudio Procaccini and Veronica De Rosa Vlll 8. Leptin and bone: central control of bone metabolism 139 by leptin Shu Takeda 9. Roles and regulation of leptin in reproduction 149 Michael C. Henson and V. Daniel Castracane 10. Leptin and cardiovascular disease 183 Kamal Rahmouni, Marcelo L. Correia and William G. Haynes 11. Leptin and cancer 201 Delia-Marina Alexe and Eleni Petridou 12. Lipodystrophy: the experiment of nature to study leptin 225 Rexford S. Ahima and Malaka B. Jackson 13. Pulsatile and diurnal leptin rhythms 247 Luciana Ribeiro, Joao Vicente Busnello, Ma-Li Wong and Julio Licmio 14. Leptin in farm animals 263 C. Richard Barb, Gary J. Hausman and Timothy G. Ramsay 15. Genetic disorders involving leptin and the leptin receptor 309 I. S. Farooqi 16. Immunoassays for leptin and leptin receptors 319 Jehangir Mistry 17. Clinical applications of leptin 327 Elif Arioglu Oral and Alex M. DePaoli Index 359 CONTRIBUTORS Rexford S. Ahima, MD, PhD Associate Professor University of Pennsylvania Scliool of Medicine Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism Philadelphia, PA 19104 Delia-Marina Alexe, MD Research Associate Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology Athens University Medical School Athens, Greece C. Richard Barb, PhD Research Leader USDA-ARS Animal Physiology Research Unit Russell Research Center Athens, GA 30604-5677 Lauren N. Bell, BS Department of Integrative and Cellular Physiology Department of Medicine Lidiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN 46202 Joao Vicente Busnello, MD Neuropsychiatric Institute David Geffen School of Medicine University of California, Los Angeles Los Angeles, CA V. Daniel Castracane, PhD Professor Emeritus Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Texas Tech University School of Medicine Lubbock, TX 79430 Robert V. Considine, PhD Department of Cellular and Integrative Physiology Department of Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis, IN 46202 Marcelo L. Correia, MD Post -doctoral Research Fellow Specialized Center for Research in Hypertension Genetics Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City, lA 52242 AlexM. DePaoIi,MD Director of Global Development Amgen Pharmaceuticals Thousand Oaks, CA 91320 Veronica De Rosa, PhD Research Associate Gruppo di ImmunoEndocrinologia Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare Universita di Napoli "Federico 11" Via S. Pansini, 5 80131 Napoli, Italy I. SadafFarooqi,MD,PhD Department of Clinical Biochemistry University of Cambridge Addenbrooke's Hospital Cambridge CB2 2QQ, UK Gary J. Hausman, PhD Research Physiologist USDA, ARS Animal Physiology Research Unit Russell Research Center Athens, GA 30605 William G. Haynes, MD Professor of Internal Medicine Specialized Center for Research in Hypertension Genetics Department of Internal Medicine University of Iowa Iowa City, lA 52242 Michael C. Henson, PhD Professor and Head Department of Biological Sciences Purdue University Calumet Hammond, IN 46323-2094 Affiliate Scientist Tulane National Primate Research Center Covington, LA 70433 Malaka B. Jackson, MD Endocrinology Fellow University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia, PA 19104 Julio Licinio, MD Professor of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences and Medicine/Endocrinology Director, Center for Pharmacogenomics and Clinical Pharmacology Semel Institute of Neuroscience and Human Behavior David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA Los Angeles, CA 90095-1761 Giuseppe Matarese, MD, PhD Gruppo di ImmunoEndocrinoIogia Istituto di Endocrinologia e Oncologia Sperimentale Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche c/o Dipartimento di Biologia e Patologia Cellulare e Molecolare Universita di Napoli "Federico 11" Via S. Pansini, 5 80131 Napoli, Italy Jehangir Mistry, PhD Vice President, Research and Development Linco Research, Inc St Charles, MO 63304 Elif A. Oral, MD Division of Metabolism, Endocrinology and Diabetes Department of Internal Medicine University of Michigan School of Medicine Ann Arbor, MI 48109 Eleni Petridou, MD, MPH Professor of Preventive Medicine and Epidemiology Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology Athens University Medical School Athens, Greece Claudio Procaccini, PhD Research Associate Gruppo di ImmunoEndocrinologia Istituto di
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