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EQUINE GERIATRIC MEDICINE and SURGERY ISBN-10: 0-7216-0163-4 © 2006 Elsevier Inc.All Rights Reserved W.B. Saunders Company An Imprint of Elsevier Inc. 11830 Westline Industrial Drive St. Louis, Missouri 63146 EQUINE GERIATRIC MEDICINE AND SURGERY ISBN-10: 0-7216-0163-4 © 2006 Elsevier Inc.All rights reserved. ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0163-2 Back cover photos © 2006 Katie Barrett No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechani- cal, including photocopy,recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Permissions may be sought directly from Elsevier Inc. Rights Department in Philadelphia, USA: phone: (+1)215 238 7869, fax: (+1) 215238 2239, email: [email protected] may also complete your request on- line via the Elsevier Science homepage (http://www.elsevier.com, by selecting “Customer Support” and then “Obtaining Permissions.” Notice Veterinary Medicine is an ever-changing field.Standard safety precautions must be followed but as new research and clinical experience broaden our knowledge,changes in treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate.Readers are advised to check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered to verify the recommended dose,the method and duration of administration,and contraindications.It is the responsibility of the treating veterinarian,relying on experience and knowledge of the patient,to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient.Neither the Publisher nor the author assumes any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication. The Publisher ISBN-10: 0-7216-0163-4 ISBN-13: 978-0-7216-0163-2 Publishing Director: Linda Duncan Senior Editor: Liz Fathman Managing Editor: Jolynn Gower Editorial Assistant: Stacy Beane Publishing Services Manager: Melissa Lastarria Project Manager: Andrea Campbell Designer: Julia Dummitt Printed in the United States of America Last digit is the print number: 987654321 I would like to dedicate this work to Tina and John Bertone, Mel,Tina, Peter,Linda and Carmine, Jennifer,John, Jeb and Olivia. I would also like to dedicate this to all the great old horses. h W0613-FM.qxd 11/16/05 5:06 PM Page vii Contributors Gordon J. Baker, BVSc, PhD, MRCVS, DACVS Noah D. Cohen,VMD, MPH, PhD, Professor and Head (Retired) DACVIM Equine Medicine and Surgery Associate Professor College of Veterinary Medicine Large Animal Medicine & Surgery University of Illinois, College of Veterinary Medicine Urbana, Illinois Texas A&M University Dentistry in the Geriatric Horse College Station,Texas Gastrointestinal Medicine Joseph J. Bertone, DVM, MS, DACVIM Professor, Equine Medicine Elizabeth G. Davis, DVM, DACVIM College of Veterinary Medicine Clinical Instructor Western University of Health Sciences Clinical Sciences Pomona, California Kansas State University What Is an “Old Horse”and Its Recent Impact? Manhattan, Kansas Neurologic Disease in Geriatric Horses Respiratory Disease in the Geriatric Equine Patient Mark Bowen, BVetMed Thomas J. Divers, DVM, DACVIM, Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences DACVECC Royal Veterinary College Professor of Medicine University of London Clinical Science Hatfield Cornell University Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Ithaca, New York Cardiac Disease in the Geriatric Horse Urinary Tract Disorders in Geriatric Horses Carolyn L. Butler, MS Lydia L. Donaldson,VMD, PhD, DACVA Lincoln, Nebraska Assistant Professor Euthanasia and Grief Support Techniques in an Equine Marion duPont Scott Equine Medical Center Bond-Centered Practice Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine Elaine M. Carnevale, DVM, PhD Leesburg,Virginia Equine Reproduction Lab Anesthetic Considerations for the Geriatric Equine Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Daniel Q. Estep, PhD, CAAB Reproductive Disorders Vice President Animal Behavior Associates,Inc. Julie A. Cary,DVM, MS, DACVS Littleton, Colorado New River, Arizona Interactions with Horses and the Human-Animal Bond Geriatric Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Horse A.T.Fischer, DVM, DACVS Keith J. Chandler BVMS, CertEP,MRCVS Chino Valley Equine Hospital Lecturer in Equine Medicine Chino, California Veterinary Clinical Studies Abdominal Surgery in the Geriatric Equine University of Edinburgh Roslin Robert E. Holland Jr., Midlothian, Scotland Holland Management Services, Inc. Dentistry in the Geriatric Horse Lexington, Kentucky Eye Disease in Geriatric Horses Conditions,Diseases and Injuries of the Older Horses for Horse Owners vii W0613-FM.qxd 11/16/05 5:06 PM Page viii viii ● Contributors James D. Kenney DVM University of Edinburgh Clarksburg, New Jersey Honorary Lecturer Manual Therapy,Acupuncture, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Weipers Centre for Equine Welfare in the Geriatric Equine University of Glasgow Kilmarnock Laurel Lagoni, MS Ayrshire, Scotland Director and Co-Owner Eye Disease in Geriatric Horses Emotional Support Resource Center Fort Collins, Colorado William H. McCormick,VMD Euthanasia and Grief Support Techniques in an Equine President, CEO Bond-Centered Practice Middleburg Equine Clinic, Inc. Middleburg,Virginia Katharina L. Lohmann, Med Vet,DACVIM Manual Therapy,Acupuncture, and Chinese Herbal Medicine Graduate Assistant in the Geriatric Equine Department of Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Kenneth Harrington McKeever, PhD, University of Georgia FACSM Athens, Georgia Department of Animal Science Gastrointestinal Medicine Rutgers, the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick, New Jersey Maureen T.Long, DVM, PhD, DACVIM Aging and How It Affects the Response to Exercise in the Assistant Professor Horse Large Animal Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Nicola J. Menzies-Gow,MA,VetMB, PhD, University of Florida DECEIM, MRCVS Gainesville, Florida Lecturer in Equine Medicine West Nile Virus and the Geriatric Horse Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Royal Veterinary College Rachel E. Long, BS North Mymms Equine Medicine Research Associate Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Department of Clinical Sciences Liver Disease in the Geriatric Horse Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado Nat T.Messer IV,DVM, DABVP What Is an “Old Horse”and Its Recent Impact? Associate Professor Veterinary Medicine and Surgery Nancy S. Loving, DVM University of Missouri Loving Equine Clinic Columbia, Missouri Boulder, Colorado Endocrine Dysfunction in the Aged Horse Field Approach and Wellness Management of Geriatric Horses Gillian A. Perkins, DVM, DACVIM Celia M. Marr, BVMS, MVM, PhD, DEIM, Lecturer MRCVS Department of Clinical Sciences Senior Lecturer and Head of Equine Medicine and College of Veterinary Medicine Surgery Group Cornell University Veterinary Clinical Sciences Ithaca, New York Royal Veterinary College Urinary Tract Disorders in Geriatric Horses North Mymms Hertfordshire, United Kingdom Sarah L. Ralston,VMD, PhD, DACVN Cardiac Disease in the Geriatric Horse Associate Professor Animal Science Andrew G. Matthews, BVM & S (Distinction), Cook College PhD, FRCVS Rutgers,The State University of New Jersey Honorary Fellow New Brunswick, New Jersey Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences Nutrition of the Geriatric Horse W0613-FM.qxd 11/16/05 5:06 PM Page ix Contributors ● ix Bonnie R. Rush, DVM, MS, DACVIM Tracy A.Turner, DVM, MS, DACVS Professor Anoka Equine Veterinary Services Clinical Sciences Elk River, Minnesota Kansas State University Geriatric Musculoskeletal Disorders of the Horse Manhattan, Kansas Respiratory Disease in the Geriatric Equine Patient Beth A.Valentine, DVM, PhD, DACVP Associate Professor Donna L. Shettko, DVM Department of Biomedical Sciences Assistant Professor College of Veterinary Medicine College of Veterinary Medicine Oregon State Universitiy Western University of Health Sciences Corvallis, Oregon Pomona, California Neoplasia The Equine Geriatric Foot Josie L.Traub-Dargatz, DVM, MS Professor of Equine Medicine Clinical Science Colorado State University Fort Collins, Colorado What Is an “Old Horse”and Its Recent Impact? W0613-FM.qxd 11/16/05 5:06 PM Page xi Preface here was a time, not too long ago, that it seemed greater value these individuals can have outside the T that a 16-year-old horse was past its prime and show ring, or as active campaigners, or as child care horses over 20 years old were “old horses” rarely being givers.They bring comfort to many owners that just like treated with anything more than deworming medica- to know that the pasture isn’t empty and that an old tions and vaccinations.Almost all were on a short list to friend is putting the space to good use. euthanasia, or relegated to renderers, pet food, or the Geriatric medicine and surgery is not glamorous human food supply abroad. Well clearly that has work.The Geritol Derby and the Barren Mare’s Cup are changed. In polling audiences, this author and editor has having trouble finding sponsorship. However, many vet- found that the majority of veterinarians (with a few erinarians know that working with older horses and the years experience) are convinced they manage many clients who care for them can be very satisfying.These more old horses now than they did in the 1980s or horses may not be campaigners or trophy winners, but before. Society seems far less comfortable with euthana- often they are part of a family.They may be a tradition in sia of healthy horses, even if they happen to have some the barn like old boots or a comfortable old saddle.They years on them.This trend is clearly evident in the publi- may be a child’s
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