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nutrients Volume 2 Books Antioxidants in Health and Disease Edited by Maurizio Battino and Francesca Giampieri Printed Edition of the Special Issue Published in Nutrients MDPI Antioxidants in Health and Disease Volume 2 Special Issue Editors Maurizio Battino Francesca Giampieri Books MDPI • Basel • Beijing • Wuhan • Barcelona • Belgrade MDPI Special Issue Editors Maurizio Battino Francesca Giampieri Università Politecnica delle Marche Università Politecnica delle Marche Italy Italy Editorial Office MDPI St. Alban‐Anlage 66 Basel, Switzerland This edition is a reprint of the Special Issue published online in the open access journal Nutrients (ISSN 2072‐6643) from 2016–2018 (available at: http://www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients/special_issues/antioxidants_health_disease). For citation purposes, cite each article independently as indicated on the article page online and as indicated below: Books Lastname, F.M.; Lastname, F.M. Article title. Journal Name Year, Article number, page range. First Edition 2018 Volume 2 Volume 1–2 ISBN 97 8‐3‐03842‐939‐5 (Pbk) ISBN 978‐3‐03842‐941‐8 (Pbk) ISBN 978 ‐3‐03842‐940‐1 (PDF) ISBN 978‐3‐03842 ‐942‐5 (PDF) Articles in this volume are Open Access and distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution license (CC BY), which allows users to download, copy and build upon published articles even for commercial purposes, as long as the author and publisher are properly credited, which ensures maximum dissemination and a wider impact of our publications. The book taken as a whole is © 2018 MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons license CC BY‐NC‐ND (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by‐nc‐nd/4.0/). MDPI Table of Contents About the Special Issue Editors ..................................... v Preface to ”Antioxidants in Health and Disease” ........................... vii Anna Gawron-Skarbek, Agnieszka Guligowska, Anna Prymont-Przymi ´nska, Małgorzata Godala, Agnieszka Kolmaga, Dariusz Nowak, Franciszek Szatko and Tomasz Kostka Dietary Vitamin C, E and β-Carotene Intake Does Not Significantly Affect Plasma or Salivary Antioxidant Indices and Salivary C-Reactive Protein in Older Subjects doi: 10.3390/nu9070729 ........................................ 1 I˜naki Milton-Laskibar, Leixuri Aguirre, Alfredo Fern´andez-Quintela,Anabela P. Rolo, Jo˜aoSoeiro Teodoro, Carlos M. Palmeira and Mar´ıaP. Portillo Lack of Additive Effects of Resveratrol and Energy Restriction in the Treatment of Hepatic Steatosis in Rats doi: 10.3390/nu9070737 ........................................ 12 Lynn Cialdella-Kam, Sujoy Ghosh, Mary Pat Meaney, Amy M. Knab, R. Andrew Shanely and David C. Nieman Quercetin and Green Tea Extract Supplementation Downregulates Genes Related to Tissue Inflammatory Responses to a 12-Week High Fat-Diet in Mice doi: 10.3390/nu9070773 ........................................ 28 Books Haifeng Li, Fei Ding, Lingyun Xiao, Ruona Shi, Hongyu Wang, Wenjing Han and Zebo Huang Food-Derived Antioxidant Polysaccharides and Their Pharmacological Potential in Neurodegenerative Diseases doi: 10.3390/nu9070778 ........................................ 44 Chian Ju Jong, Takashi Ito, Howard Prentice, Jang-Yen Wu and Stephen W. Schaffer Role of Mitochondria and Endoplasmic Reticulum in Taurine-Deficiency-Mediated Apoptosis doi: 10.3390/nu9080795 ........................................ 70 Achraf Ammar, Mouna Turki, Omar Hammouda, Hamdi Chtourou, Khaled Trabelsi, Mohamed Bouaziz, Osama Abdelkarim, Anita Hoekelmann, Fatma Ayadi, Nizar Souissi, Stephen J. Bailey, Tarak Driss and Sourour Yaich Effects of Pomegranate Juice Supplementation on Oxidative Stress Biomarkers Following Weightlifting Exercise doi: 10.3390/nu9080819 ........................................ 87 Lee Ashton, Rebecca Williams, Lisa Wood, Tracy Schumacher, Tracy Burrows, Megan Rollo, Kristine Pezdirc, Robin Callister and Clare Collins Comparison of Australian Recommended Food Score (ARFS) and Plasma Carotenoid Concentrations: A Validation Study in Adults doi: 10.3390/nu9080888 ........................................100 Christopher Dacosta and Yongping Bao The Role of MicroRNAs in the Chemopreventive Activity of Sulforaphane from Cruciferous Vegetables doi: 10.3390/nu9080902 ........................................113 iii MDPI Mar´ıaHerranz-L´opez,Maril´oOlivares-Vicente, Jos´eAntonio Encinar, Enrique Barraj´on-Catal´an, Antonio Segura-Carretero, Jorge Joven and Vicente Micol Multi-Targeted Molecular Effects of Hibiscus sabdariffa Polyphenols: An Opportunity for a Global Approach to Obesity doi: 10.3390/nu9080907 ........................................132 Jorge G. Far´ıas,V´ıctorM. Molina, Rodrigo A. Carrasco, Andrea B. Zepeda, El´ıas Figueroa, Pablo Letelier and Rodrigo L. Castillo Antioxidant Therapeutic Strategies for Cardiovascular Conditions Associated with Oxidative Stress doi: 10.3390/nu9090966 ........................................158 Nicola Merola, Juli´anCastillo, Obdulio Benavente-Garc´ıa,Gaspar Ros and Gema Nieto The Effect of Consumption of Citrus Fruit and Olive Leaf Extract on Lipid Metabolism doi: 10.3390/nu9101062 ........................................181 Sabina Waniek, Romina di Giuseppe, Sandra Plachta-Danielzik, Ilka Ratjen, Gunnar Jacobs, Manja Koch, Jan Borggrefe, Marcus Both, Hans-Peter M ¨uller, Jan Kassubek, Ute N¨othlings,Tuba Esatbeyoglu, Sabrina Schlesinger, Gerald Rimbach and Wolfgang Lieb Association of Vitamin E Levels with Metabolic Syndrome, and MRI-Derived Body Fat Volumes and Liver Fat Content doi: 10.3390/nu9101143 ........................................194 Herson Antonio Gonz´alez-Ponce,Ana Rosa Rinc´on-S´anchez,Fernando Jaramillo-Ju´arezand Books Han Moshage Natural Dietary Pigments: Potential Mediators against Hepatic Damage Induced by Over- The-Counter Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory and Analgesic Drugs doi: 10.3390/nu10020117 ........................................209 Abderrahim Nemmar, Suhail Al-Salam, Sumaya Beegam, Priya Yuvaraju, Naserddine Hamadi and Badreldin H. Ali In Vivo Protective Effects of Nootkatone against Particles-Induced Lung Injury Caused by Diesel Exhaust Is Mediated via the NF-κB Pathway doi: 10.3390/nu10030263 ........................................248 iv MDPI About the Special Issue Editors Maurizio Battino, PhD, Associate Professor of Biochemistry in the Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, UNIVPM (Italy), has been the Director of the Centre for Health and Nutrition, Universidad Europea del Atlantico, Santander (Spain), since December 2014. He obtained a BSc in Bologna (1984) and a PhD in Catania (1990) and completed a post-doctoral training in Granada (1994); he also obtained a MSc in International Communication Technology in Medicine (2011) and was awarded a Doctor Honoris Causa degree by the University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Bucharest (2008). He currently reviews scientific articles for over 30 peer-reviewed journals, serves as the Editor-in-Chief for the Journal of Berry Research, the Mediterranean Journal of Nutrition & Metabolism, and Diseases, and as an Associate Editor for Molecules; he is also an editorial board member of Food Chemistry, Plant Food for Human Nutrition, Nutrition and Aging, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences. In 2015, 2016, and 2017, he has been recognized as a Thomson Reuters Highly Cited Researcher. Francesca Giampieri, PhD, works as a Post-Doctoral Research Fellow at the Department of Clinical Science, at the Polytechnic University of Marche (Ancona, Italy). She graduated in Biological Sciences and pursued a Specialization in Food Science at the Polytechnic University of Marche. She currently reviews scientific articles for over 20 peer-reviewed journals, serves as an Associate Editor for the Books Journal of Berry Research, and is an editorial board member of Molecules, Nutrients, the Annals of Translational Medicine, and the International Journal of Molecular Sciences (Bioactives and Nutraceuticals). She has extensive experience in the field of chemistry, in the assessment of the nutritional and phytochemical composition of different foodstuffs, in the field of biochemistry, in the evaluation of the role of dietary bioactive compounds in human health and, in particular, in the analysis of the biological mechanisms related to oxidative stress. v MDPI Books MDPI Preface to ”Antioxidants in Health and Disease” Oxidative stress is defined as an imbalance between the production of free radicals and the necessary antioxidant defenses. Free radicals are chemical species with one or more mismatched electrons that generally damage multiple cellular components, whereas antioxidants are reducing molecules that neutralize free radicals by donating an electron. Oxidative stress can lead to a wide range of biological effects: adaptation, by upregulating the natural defense system, which may protect, completely or in part, against cellular damage; tissue injury, by damaging all molecular targets (DNA, proteins, lipids, cell membranes, and several enzymes); cell death, by activating the processes of necrosis and apoptosis. However, accumulating evidence implicates that free radicals, under physiological and pathological conditions, are able to regulate several signaling pathways, affecting a variety of cellular processes, such as proliferation, metabolism, differentiation, survival, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory response, iron homeostasis, and DNA damage response. In few words, the generation of ROS, within certain boundaries, is essential to maintain cellular homeostasis. This new
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