Is Circumcision for Everyone?
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IS CIRCUMCISION a FRAUD? FRAUD? a IS CIRCUMCISION Peter W
cjp_30-1_42664 Sheet No. 27 Side A 11/12/2020 09:05:36 \\jciprod01\productn\C\CJP\30-1\CJP102.txt unknown Seq: 1 11-NOV-20 14:50 IS CIRCUMCISION A FRAUD? Peter W. Adler, Robert Van Howe, Travis Wisdom & Felix Daase* This Article suggests that non-therapeutic male circumcision or male genital cutting (MGC), the irreversible removal of the foreskin from the penises of healthy boys, is not only unlawful in the United States but also fraudulent. As a German court held in 2012 before its ruling was effectively overturned by a special statute under political pressure, cir- cumcision for religious or non-medical reasons is harmful, violates the child’s rights to bodily integrity and self-determination (which super- sedes competing parental rights), and constitutes criminal assault. MGC also violates the child’s rights under U.S. law, and it constitutes a bat- tery, a tort and a crime, and statutory child abuse. Building upon a 2016 case in the United Kingdom, we make the novel suggestion that when performed by a physician, MGC is a breach of trust or fiduciary duty, and hence constructive fraud, where courts impute fraud even if intent to defraud is absent. We reprise and build upon the argument that it is unlawful and Medicaid fraud for physicians and hospitals to bill Medi- caid for unnecessary genital surgery. Finally, we suggest that MGC con- stitutes intentional fraud by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) and most physicians who perform circumcisions in the United States. They have long portrayed MGC as medicine when it is violence, and as a parental right when males have the right to keep their penile foreskin, and physicians are not allowed to take orders from parents to perform cjp_30-1_42664 Sheet No. -
God-Fearers: a Solution to the Ancient Problem of the Identity of the Sabians
God-Fearers: A Solution to the Ancient Problem of the Identity of the Sabians (Times New Roman version) Contents: Premise (pp.1-3) – 1) The Etymological Model (pp.3-6) – 2) The Origins of the Name (pp.6-7) – 3) The Hebrew Root SHUBH (pp.8-9) – 4) Conversion (pp.9-10) – 5) Pagan Monotheism (p.11) – 6) The “Pious” Roman Emperors (pp.11-13) – 7)The Cult of the Most-High God. Titles and Onomastics (pp.13-15) – 8) Eusèbeia and Gnòsis (pp.15-16) – 9) Vincentius’ Tomb (16-18) – 10) Tertium Genus (pp.18-22) – 11) Sabians = “Adherents of the Prevailing Religion” (pp.22-23) – 12) Hypsistarii, Sebòmenoi/Phoboùmenoi tòn Theòn, Metuentes, Theosebèis, Massaliani, Sabbàtistai, Caelicolae, Hunafà’ (pp.23-26) – 13) The Sabians according to Earlier Islamic Sources (pp.26-29) – 14) The First Latin Translation of the Kuràn: Sabians = Christians? (pp.29-32) – 15) Harrànians’ Cult of the Most-High God (pp.32-36) – 16) A Strictly Etymological Proposal (pp.36- 38) – Conclusions (pp.38-41) – List of Abbreviations (pp.43-45) – Notes nrs.1-342 (pp.47-92). Premise The aim of the present work is to shed some light on a long-standing mistery, the identity of the Sabians. Five years ago, indeed, we published a short study just on the same subject 1 where we presented a theory that nobody else had ever advanced: the substantial equivalence of the Sabians with the loose religious group of the God- Fearers 2 (or, even better, God-Worshippers, i.e. devotees of the Most-High God 3), whose importance and wide 4 diffusion geographically and chronologically is now accepted 5. -
Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K
A Seal of Faith: Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K. Moorthy Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2014 © 2014 Asha K. Moorthy All rights reserved ABSTRACT A Seal of Faith: Rereading Paul on Circumcision, Torah, and the Gentiles Asha K. Moorthy It is generally held that the Apostle Paul dismissed the rite of circumcision for Gentiles. This dissertation, however, offers a different perspective. Through examination of relevant sources regarding the role of circumcision in conversion along with consideration of Philo of Alexandria’s depiction of Abraham as an exemplar of and for the proselyte, this project will suggest that Paul, in Rom 4:11‐ 12, uses the example of Abraham in order to explain the value of circumcision for Jews as well as for Gentiles. It will be argued, moreover, that Paul’s objections to circumcision, as found in Romans as well as in Galatians, Philippians, and 1 Corinthians, were not to the rite per se but rather to the notion that circumcision was necessary for entering the Abrahamic covenant, “becoming a Jew,” justification, salvation, spiritual transformation, protection or identity in Christ. A case will be made, moreover, that in Paul’s day there were two competing forms of circumcision and that Paul was opposed to the more radical procedure. Finally, divergences in Paul’s handling of the topic of circumcision in different letters will be explained through attention to particular audience concerns. TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1: Introduction 1 1. -
“I'm Not Missing Anything by Being Circumcised; Why Should I Restore
“I’m not missing anything by being Pleasure. The foreskin is a unique structure filled with which they had always believed was irreversible. circumcised; why should I restore?” delicate nerves and a rich blood supply. The foreskin enhances sexual pleasure, especially as it glides over the Resentment. A 1991 survey of 301 males seeking corona (ridge of the glans) during sexual activity. restoration information showed that almost 70% of those With no accurate means of comparison, the typical circumcised as infants or children resent their parents for circumcised man does not know what he is missing. A Sensitivity. The foreskin is a highly nerve-laden structure, their circumcision. Regaining power over their bodies man, colorblind from birth and thinking his sight is containing approximately 10,000 nerve endings. It is this reduces resentment. normal, might also never question his condition. structure that gives the man his most pleasurable However, as a man ages, he loses sensitivity of the penis. sensations. It also helps to retain glans sensitivity. Empowerment. Victims of rape, crime and child or Many men have difficulty achieving sufficient Circumcision removed this structure and over time spousal abuse typically report a deep sense of stimulation to reach orgasm. The foreskin is a definite sensitivity decreases, making it more difficult to achieve helplessness and vulnerability. Who is more helpless and asset in maintaining this sensitivity. satisfactory stimulation. vulnerable than a restrained newborn having part of his penis amputated? Men restore to take back control of Foreskin restoration is a logical process of returning the Lubrication. Much as the way your eyelid lubricates and their bodies from the damage done by parents, their penis to as close to its original condition as possible. -
Owners Manual
Penisownersinstructionmanual INTRODUCTION Welcome to the world-wide family of penis owners. We trust that you will enjoy many years of trouble-free service from yours. To help ensure that you will, we encourage you to familiarise yourself with the following equipment descriptions, operating instructions and maintenance requirements. BODY AND INTERIOR SPECIFICATIONS (all model years) PENIS Average length and diameter (flaccid) 3.5 x 1.25 inches Average length and diameter (erect) 5.1 x 1.6 inches Average percent increase in volume, flaccid to erect 300% (wow!) Longest medically recorded erection 12 inches Amount of blood in erect penis 8 to 10 x normal Average erections per night (while sleeping) 5 Average duration of each nocturnal erection 20 to 30 minutes Estimated replacement value (good condition model) £50,000 CAUTION! The following can shrink a relaxed penis by two inches or more:- Cold weather, chilly baths or showers, sexual activity, exhaustion, excitement (non sexual), illness and Richard Branson. TESTICLES Average length and width 1.4 x 1 inch Average weight 0.875 x 1.75 ounces Temperature 94.6 degrees Fahrenheit Compartments within each 400 SPERM Average body's production 50,000 per minute/72 million per day (and remember lads, it only takes 1!) Days to maturity 84 Number in ejaculate of average fertile 200 to 600 million man Number of ejaculate of infertile man less than 50 million Percentage of total ejaculate 3% Average swimming speed 1 to 4 millimetres per minute Average life span once mature 1 month in you, 1 to 2 days in woman, 2 minutes on sheets CAUTION! The testicles need to be slightly cooler than normal body temperature for optimum sperm production. -
European Urology Today Official Newsletter of the European Association of Urology Vol
European Urology Today Official newsletter of the European Association of Urology Vol. 25 No.6/Vol. 26 No.1 - Dec. 2013/Jan. 2014 What to expect in Stockholm 9th SEEM in Greece From max to mini Get a preview of what’s on during the From ‘country debates’ to research awards, Needlescopic surgery is back and the interest is 4/5 EAU Congress in Stockholm 14 the SEEM takes a new turn 30 growing Urologists, medical and radiation oncologists come together 5th EMUC in Marseille gathers delegates from 61 countries By Loek Keizer Over the course of three days, three separate but intrinsically linked disciplines attended a scientific meeting and exchanged views on the treatment of radiotherapists approach tumours with probabilities urological cancers. The 5th edition of the European and sigmoid curves. I’m convinced that by learning Multidisciplinary Meeting on Urological Cancers each other’s language and working together in (EMUC) was organised by the EAU, the European multidisciplinary teams is the future for the treatment Society for Medical Oncology (ESMO) and the European of urological cancers.” Society for Radiotherapy and Oncology (ESTRO). On the current state of urological cancer treatment: The meeting took place at in Marseille from 15-17 “We shouldn’t be working as separate, sometimes November, at the capable facilities of the Palais des opposing columns within medicine: collaboration is Congrès at the Parc Chanot. The congress centre was a vital to receive funding and improve care for the brief boulevard stroll away from the Mediterranean patient. We are starting to see multidisciplinary coast, with a temperate breeze being a warm clinics in the United States, where urologists buy their welcome to visitors from Northern Europe. -
Non-Surgical Foreskin Restoration
February 2016 Non-surgical Foreskin Restoration A publication of Doctors Opposing Circumcision www.doctorsopposingcircumcision.org Seattle, Washington Foreskin restoration cannot truly replicate what was stolen, but it can and does provide a vast improvement on the circumcised state. Re-covering my glans improved my sexual function, my body image, and my sense of well-being. There was also a sense of alchemy, of personal victory over something that had seemed hopeless. ‒ J.L., Vancouver, B.C., born 1954 A significant number of circumcised men – in the U.S. and around the world – feel loss, resentment, betrayal, and anger over the violation of their bodies at birth. It takes only a minimal understanding of normal anatomy and function of the normal penis, and of the tawdry social history of circumcision in English language medicine, to understand these feelings of regret and the motivation these men have to restore. Doctors Opposing Circumcision heartily recommends foreskin restoration for those who feel drawn to restore. We estimate that more than 100,000 North American men have completed or are currently engaged in non-surgical foreskin restoration. We are available to advise those of our medical colleagues who encounter patients interested in non-surgical foreskin restoration. We will also gladly counsel men who have questions about restoration, or refer them to a knowledgeable medical professional in their region. Restoration, a safe and proven technique, does not require medical monitoring; however, a restorer may seek medical reassurance. D.O.C. is not alone in recommending against surgical foreskin restoration,[1] which may, we believe, lead to further scar tissue and nerve damage. -
CHURCH HISTORY for DUMMIES Class #6: the Apostolic Fathers- Part 3
CHURCH HISTORY for DUMMIES Class #6: The Apostolic Fathers- Part 3 The Ebionite Heresy I need to clarify and correct something before we begin. Last week, a question was asked about the Ebionites and their relationship to the Docetists. I answered that they were sometimes used interchangeably. I misspoke. The Ebionites are sometimes linked with the Judaizers, not the Docetists. So who were the Ebionites? They were a heretical group of Jewish people who were very much like the Judaizers, which is why they are often linked with them. It is speculated that the Ebionites arose in the first century, likely coming to prominence after the destruction of Jerusalem 7O A.D. but by the middle of the 400’s they were virtually extinct. Most of what we know of them comes from the writings of the early church fathers, the first being, Irenaeus. He was the first to use the term “Ebionites” in print, around 190 A.D. Their name most likely comes from the Hebrew word for “poor.” Hippolytus and Origen would both later refute them in their writings. The Ebionites viewed Jesus as a prophet but they denied His preexistence and therefore denied that He was God. The Ebionites denied the deity of Jesus. They were all for the humanity of Jesus, but not his deity. Eusebius, the first church historian, writing in 325 A.D. described the Ebionite heresy this way: “The adherents of what is known as the Ebionite heresy assert that Christ was the son of Joseph and Mary, and regard him as no more than a man.” They viewed Jesus as just a man. -
Male and Female Circumcision
Male and Female Circumcision Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice Male and Female Circumcision Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice Edited by George C. Denniston. University of Wmhington Seanle, Washington Frederick Mansfield Hodges Wellcome Unitfor the History of Medicine University of O.$onl Oxford, England and Marilyn Fayre Milos National Organization of Circumcision Information Resource Centers San Anselmo, California Kluwer Academic /Plenum Publishers New York, Boston, Dordrecht, London, Moscow Llbrary of Congress Cataloglng-in-Publication Data Male and fenale circumcision : medical, legal. and ethical considerations in pediatric practice / edited by George C. Oenniston. Frederick Mansfield Hodges. andMarilyn Fayre Milos. p. cn.. "Proceedings of the Fifth International Synposiua onSexual Mutilations: Medlcal. Legal. andEthical Considerations in Pediatric Practice, held August 1998. in Oxford, Eng1and""T.p. verso. 5-7. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-306-46131-5 1. Circumcision Congresses. 2. Fenale clrcumclsion Congresses. 3. Circumcision--Moral and ethical aspects Congresses. 4. Fenale circuncision--Moral and ethical aspects Congresses. I. Denniston. George C. 11. Hodges. Frederick Mansfield. 111. Milos, Marilyn IV. Fayre. International Symposium on Sexual Mutilations (5th : Oxford. England) l998 : GN484.H35 1999 172'.2--dc21 99-37490 CIP Proceedings of the FiInternational Symposium on Sexual Mutilations: Medical, Legal, and Ethical Considerations in Pediatric Practice, held August 5-7.1998, in Oxford, England ISBN. 0-306-46131-5 0 1999 Kluwer Academiclplenum Publishers 233 Spring Street, New York, N.Y. 10013 l0987654321 A CAP. record for this book is available fromthe Library of Congress. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reprodud, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying. -
The Doctrine of the Judaizers
The Doctrine of the Judaizers Outline I. Definition and Description II. Vocabulary III. Documentation IV. Mosaic Law V. Circumcision VI. Jealousy I. Definition and Description A. The Judaizers were both regenerate and unregenerate Jews who taught strict adherence to the oral traditions of the Rabbis (Mk. 7), which are now, documented in the Mishna and the Talmud as well the 613 mandates found in the Mosaic Law (Acts 15:1-35). B. The 1st Church Council in Jerusalem that is recorded in Acts 15 was designed to resolve the problem of circumcision that the Judaizers were championing. C. The Judaizers claimed that circumcision was necessary for salvation, the Council disagreed and decided not to teach circumcision among the Gentiles. D. The Judaizers based their relationship with God upon their racial background and that in order to maintain that relationship one must strictly adhere to the many traditions and laws of the Pharisees. E. Biblical Christianity maintains that a relationship with God is achieved through faith alone in Christ alone and that once saved always saved. F. The legalism of the Judaizers is described in Scripture as “leaven” (Mt. 16:6, 11-12; Mk. 8:15; Lk. 12:1. Cf. 1 Co. 5:6-8; Gal. 5:9). G. It is also described as “hypocrisy” (Mt. 23:13, 23, 25, 27; Lk. 12:1). H. Legalism is hypocrisy (Lk. 12:1). I. Webster’s New Universal Unabridged Dictionary defines hypocrisy, “a pretense of having a virtuous character, moral or religious beliefs or principles, etc., that one does not possess; a pretense of having some desirable or publicly approved attitude. -
The Galatian Agitators' Theological Rationale for Circumcision
GALATIAN AGITATORS 1 THE GALATIAN AGITATORS’ THEOLOGICAL RATIONALE FOR CIRCUMCISION Hung-Sik Choi* According to Paul, the agitators1 in Galatia were trying to compel Paul’s Galatian converts to get circumcised (6:12; cf. 5:2-3).2 Since the Galatians were convinced by the agitators’ persuasion (5:7), they intended to accept circumcision (5:2-3).3 As a matter of fact, it was *Dr. Hung-Sik Choi, Ph.D., recently completed his doctoral studies at the University of Durham, England under Professor James Dunn. He is currently adjunct professor at TTGST. 1Paul’s opponents in Galatia are traditionally called “judaizers,” but J. M. G. Barclay, Obeying the Truth: A Study of Paul’s Ethics in Galatians (Minneapolis: Fortress, 1991), 36, n.1, and J. D. G. Dunn, The Theology of Paul’s Letter to the Galatians (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1993), 10, appropriately criticize this label. The term “agitators” is Paul’s own language about his opponents in Galatia, found in Gal 1:7 and 5:10 (cf. 5:12). 2Although many aspects of the agitators’ gospel are unclear, there is little doubt that circumcision was an important component. There are two indications. It can be safely inferred from 5:2-3 that the Galatians intended to be circumcised because they were persuaded by the agitators’ demand of circumcision. In 6:12-13 it is apparent that the agitators in Galatia were teaching that the Galatians must be circumcised. They were trying to compel the Galatians to be circumcised (6:12). And also they wanted the Galatians to be circumcised so that they may boast about the circumcision of the Galatians (6:13). -
Who Were Paul's Opponents in Galatia?
Bibliotheca Sacra 147 (July 1990) 329-350. Copyright © 1990 by Dallas Theological Seminary. Cited with permission. Who Were Paul's Opponents in Galatia? Walt Russell Associate Professor of New Testament Biota University, La Mirada, California Why Is the Identity of Paul's Opponents an Issue? Paul's opponents in Galatia are central to the argument of Gala- tians because the epistle is essentially a response to their threat to the churches of Galatia. Therefore it is not surprising to see that the opponents are mentioned in every chapter (1:6-9; 2:4-5; 3:1; 4:17; 5:10, 12; 6:12-13). Conservative scholars have historically assumed that these foes were Judaizers and have interpreted the text in that light. However, in the last 70 years a persistent critique now gaining widespread acceptance says that the Judaizer identity is totally inadequate in explaining crucial verses like Galatians 5:13, "For you were called to freedom, brethren, only do not turn your freedom into an opportunity for the flesh, but through love serve one another." While Paul was apparently addressing some sort of Judaistic aberration in Galatians 3-4, these critics argue, he was also overtly attacking an antinomian aberration in Galatians 5-6, and the Judais- tic identity cannot encompass this additional aberration. Therefore an increasing number of New Testament scholars are advocating a different identity for Paul's opponents in Galatia. Evangelicals should not blithely continue to assume the correctness of the Judaizer identity. They must see if their assumptions need revision and if this will aid in understanding the latter part of Galatians.