Tunable Reflectionless Absorption of Electromagnetic Waves in a Plasma- Metamaterial Composite Structure
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Plasma Oscillation in Semiconductor Superlattice Structure
Memoirs of the Faculty of Engineering,Okayama University,Vol.23, No, I, November 1988 Plasma Oscillation in Semiconductor Superlattice Structure Hiroo Totsuji* and Makoto Takei* (Received September 30, 1988) Abstract The statistical properties of two-dimensional systems of charges in semiconductor superlattices are analyzed and the dispersion relation of the plasma oscillation is ealculated. The possibility to excite these oscillations by applying the electric field parallel to the structure is discussed. ]. Introduction The layered structure of semiconductors with thickness of the order of lO-6 cm or less is called semiconductor superlattice. The superlattice was first proposed by Esaki and Tsu [11 as a structure which has a Brillouin zone of reduced size and therefore allows to apply the negative mass part of the band structure to electronic devices through conduction of carriers perpendicular to the structure. The superlattice has been realized by subsequent developments of technologies such as molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) in fabricating controlled fine structures. At the same time, many interesting and useful physical phenomena related to the parallel conduction have also been revealed in addition to the parallel conduction. From the view point of application to devices, the enhancement of the carrier mobility due to separation of channels from Ionized impurities may be one of the most important progresses. Some high speed devices are based on this technique. The superlattlce structure -
Carbon Fiber Skeleton/Silver Nanowires Composites with Tunable Negative
EPJ Appl. Metamat. 8, 1 (2021) © Y. An et al., published by EDP Sciences, 2021 https://doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2020019 Available online at: epjam.edp-open.org Metamaterial Research Updates from China RESEARCH ARTICLE Carbon fiber skeleton/silver nanowires composites with tunable negative permittivity behavior Yan An1, Jinyuan Qin1, Kai Sun1,*, Jiahong Tian1, Zhongyang Wang2,*, Yaman Zhao1, Xiaofeng Li1, and Runhua Fan1 1 College of Ocean Science and Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, PR China 2 State Key Lab of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, PR China Received: 13 November 2020 / Accepted: 25 December 2020 Abstract. With the development of periodic metamaterials, more attention has been paid to negative permittivity behavior due to great potential applications. In this paper, silver nanowires (AgNWs) were introduced to the porous carbon fibers (CFS) by an impregnation process to prepare CFS/AgNWs composites with different content of AgNWs and the dielectric property was investigated. With the formation of conductive network, the Drude-like negative permittivity was observed in CFS/AgNWs composites. With the increase of AgNWs, the connectivity of conductive network became enhanced, the conductivity gradually increases, and the absolute value of the negative dielectric constant also increases to 8.9 Â 104, which was ascribed to the enhancement of electron density of the composite material. Further investigation revealed that the inductive characteristic was responsible for the negative permittivity. Keywords: Negative permittivity / metacomposites / plasma oscillation / inductive characteristic 1 Introduction capacitors [10,11]. The electromagnetic metamaterials have a great value in the fields of wireless communication In the past decades, electromagnetic metamaterials with [12], electromagnetic absorption [13] and shielding [14], etc. -
Free Electron Lasers and High-Energy Electron Cooling*
FREE ELECTRON LASERS AND HIGH-ENERGY ELECTRON COOLING* Vladimir N. Litvinenko, BNL, Upton, Long Island, NY, USA# Yaroslav S. Derbenev, TJNAF, Newport News, VA, USA) Abstract The main figure of merit of any collider is its average Cooling intense high-energy hadron beams remains a luminosity, i.e., its average productivity for an appropriate major challenge in modern accelerator physics. branch of physics. Cooling hadron beams at top energy Synchrotron radiation of such beams is too feeble to may further this productivity. provide significant cooling: even in the Large Hadron For a round beam, typical for hadron colliders, the Collider (LHC) with 7 TeV protons, the longitudinal luminosity is given by a simple expression: ' * damping time is about thirteen hours. Decrements of N1N2 & s traditional electron cooling decrease rapidly as the high L = fc * % h) * , (1) 4"# $ ( # + power of beam energy, and an effective electron cooling of protons or antiprotons at energies above 100 GeV where N1, N2 are the number of particles per bunch, fc is seems unlikely. Traditional stochastic cooling still cannot their collision frequency, !* is the transverse !-function catch up with the challenge of cooling high-intensity at the collision point, " is the transverse emittance of the bunched proton beams - to be effective, its bandwidth b!ea m, #s is the bunch length, and h ! 1 is a coefficient must be increased by about two orders-of-magnitude. accounting for the so-called hourglass effect [1]: Two techniques offering the potential to cool high- " 1/ x 2 h(x) = e erfc(1/ x). energy hadron beams are optical stochastic cooling (OSC) x and coherent electron cooling (CEC) – the latter is the The hourglass effect is caused by variations in the beam’s 2 focus of this paper. -
A Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (Sspps) Based Dual-Band-Rejection Filter with Wide Rejection Bandwidth
sensors Article A Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPPs) Based Dual-Band-Rejection Filter with Wide Rejection Bandwidth Ehsan Farokhipour 1 , Mohammad Mehrabi 1,† , Nader Komjani 1,* and Can Ding 2 1 Department of Electrical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran 1684613114, Iran; [email protected] (E.F.); [email protected] (M.M.) 2 Global Big Data Technologies Centre, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia; [email protected] * Correspondence: [email protected] † Current address: Division of Micro and Nanosystems, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, 11428 Stockholm, Sweden Received: 13 November 2020; Accepted: 16 December 2020; Published: 19 December 2020 Abstract: This paper presents a novel single-layer dual band-rejection-filter based on Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons (SSPPs). The filter consists of an SSPP-based transmission line, as well as six coupled circular ring resonators (CCRRs) etched among ground planes of the center corrugated strip. These resonators are excited by electric-field of the SSPP structure. The added ground on both sides of the strip yields tighter electromagnetic fields and improves the filter performance at lower frequencies. By removing flaring ground in comparison to prevalent SSPP-based constructions, the total size of the filter is significantly decreased, and mode conversion efficiency at the transition from co-planar waveguide (CPW) to the SSPP line is increased. The proposed filter possesses tunable rejection bandwidth, wide stop bands, and a variety of different parameters to adjust the forbidden bands and the filter’s cut-off frequency. To demonstrate the filter tunability, the effect of different elements like number (n), width (WR), radius (RR) of CCRRs, and their distance to the SSPP line (yR) are surveyed. -
Experimental Measurements of Fundamental and High-Order Spoof Surface Plasmon Polariton Modes on Ultrathin Metal Strips
Experimental measurements of fundamental and high-order spoof surface plasmon polariton modes on ultrathin metal strips Hong Xiang1, Qiang Zhang2, Jiwang Chai1, Fei Fei Qin2, Jun Jun Xiao2, and Dezhuan Han 1* 1 Department of Applied Physics, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 2 College of Electronic and Information Engineering, Shenzhen Graduate School, Harbin Institute of Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China *E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Propagation of spoof surface plasmon polaritons (spoof SPPs) on comb-shaped ultrathin metal strips made of aluminum foil and printed copper circuit are studied experimentally and numerically. With a near field scanning technique, electric field distributions on these metal strips are measured directly. The dispersion curves of spoof SPPs are thus obtained by means of Fourier transform of the field distributions in the real space for every frequency. Both fundamental and second order modes are investigated and the measured dispersions agree well with numerical ones calculated by the finite element method. Such direct measurements of the near field characteristics provide complete information of these spoof SPPs, enabling full exploitation of their properties associated with the field confinement in a subwavelength scale. Keywords: Perfect conductor; Spoof surface plasmon polariton; Near-field scanning Introduction Surface plasmon polariton (SPP) is a kind of surface wave propagating along the metal-dielectric interface with wavelengths smaller than that of the incident wave in free space [1,2], which is a consequence of coupling in between electromagnetic (EM) waves and collective oscillations of free electrons in metal. With the subwavelength nature, the EM field of SPP decays exponentially in the normal direction and exhibits strong confinement. -
Surface Electromagnetic Waves on Structured Perfectly Conducting Surfaces
UC Irvine UC Irvine Previously Published Works Title Surface electromagnetic waves on structured perfectly conducting surfaces Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/75b3f673 Author Maradudin, AA Publication Date 2014 DOI 10.1016/B978-0-444-59526-3.00007-0 License https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 4.0 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California CHAPTER Surface Electromagnetic Waves on Structured Perfectly Conducting Surfaces 7 Alexei A. Maradudin Research Professor, Physics and Astronomy School of Physical Sciences, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA A planar interface between a dielectric medium, e.g. vacuum, and a perfect conductor does not support a surface electromagnetic wave. This is easily seen. Let us consider a system consisting of vacuum in the region x3 > 0. We assume that a p-polarized electromagnetic wave of frequency ω is propagating in the x1 direction along the planar surface of a semi-infinite perfect conductor that occupies the region x3 < 0. The magnetic field in the vacuum region x3 > 0, H(x; t) = (0, H2(x1, x3|ω), 0) exp (−iωt), had only a single nonzero component. The amplitude H2(x1, x3|ω) satisfies the equation ∂2 ∂2 ω2 + + H (x , x |ω) = 0, (7.1) ∂ 2 ∂ 2 2 2 1 3 x1 x3 c together with the boundary condition ∂ H2(x1, x3|ω) = 0(7.2) ∂x 3 x3=0 on the surface of the perfect conductor. A solution of Eq. (7.1) that vanishes as x3 →∞is H2(x1, x3|ω) = A exp[ikx1 − β0(k)x3], (7.3) where 1 [k2 − (ω/c)2] 2 k2 >(ω/c)2, β0(k) = 1 (7.4) −i[(ω/c)2 − k2] 2 k2 <(ω/c)2. -
The Effect Pressure on Wavelengths of Plasma Oscillations in Argon And
AN ABSTRACT OF TI-lE TRESIS OF - ¡Idgar for Gold.an the ri,, s. in (Name) (Degree) (Najor) Date Thesis presented ia. i9i__ Title flTO PSDEo LPLASMA OSeILLATIos..iN - Abstract Approved (-(Najor Professor) Experiments on argon and. nitrogen are described. which show that the wave length of electromaetjc radiation emitted from a gas plasma in a magnetic field is a function of the pressure of the gas. This result is Consistent with the theory of plasma oscillation developed by Tonics and Langniir if the assumption is made that plasma electron density is a function of gas pressure. A lower limit of wave length plasma of oscillation is indicated by the experiments in qualitative agreement with the Debye length equation, No difference in the wave length-tressn, relationship between the two gases was observed. The experimental tube, which consisted of a gas filled cylindrical anode with an axial tungsten filament) was motmted. in a magnetic field parallel to the axis of the anode. Gas pressures between i and 50 microns and. magnetic fields between 500 and 1,000 gauss were used. The anode voltage was aplied. in short pulses in order to mini- mize heating of the cathode by ion bombardment and to make possible the use of alternating voltage amplifiers in the receiver. The receiver of electromagnetic radiation consisted. of a crystal- detector dipole, constructed from a 1N26 crystal cartridge, followed by a video amp1ifier The amplifier had a maximum gain of 1.6 X iO7, and. a bandwidth of 2 megacycles Wave lengths were measured by means of an interferometer. -
Introduction to Metamaterials
FEATURE ARTICLE INTRODUCTION TO METAMATERIALS BY MAREK S. WARTAK, KOSMAS L. TSAKMAKIDIS AND ORTWIN HESS etamaterials (MMs) are artificial structures LEFT-HANDED MATERIALS designed to have properties not available in To describe the basic properties of metamaterials, let us nature [1]. They resemble natural crystals as recall Maxwell’s equations M they are build from periodically arranged (e.g., square) unit cells, each with a side length of a. The ∂H ∂E ∇×E =−μμand ∇×H = εε (1) unit cells are not made of physical atoms or molecules but, 00rr∂tt∂ instead, contain small metallic resonators which interact μ ε with an external electromagnetic wave that has a wave- where the r and r are relative permeability and permit- λ ⎡ ∂ ∂ ∂ ⎤ length . The manner in which the incident light wave tivity, respectively, and L =⎢ ,,⎥ . From the above ⎣⎢∂xy∂ ∂z ⎦⎥ interacts with these metallic “meta-atoms” of a metamate- equations, one obtains the wave equation rial determines the medium’s electromagnetic proper- ties – which may, hence, be made to enter highly unusual ∂2E ∇=−2E εμεμ (2) regimes, such as one where the electric permittivity and 00rr∂t 2 the magnetic permeability become simultaneously (in the ε μ same frequency region) negative. If losses are ignored and r and r are considered as real numbers, then one can observe that the wave equation is ε The response of a metamaterial to an incident electromag- unchanged when we simultaneously change signs of r and μ netic wave can be classified by ascribing to it an effective r . (averaged over the volume of a unit cell) permittivity ε ε ε μ μ μ To understand why such materials are also called left- eff = 0 r and effective permeability eff = 0 r . -
Plasma Waves
Plasma Waves S.M.Lea January 2007 1 General considerations To consider the different possible normal modes of a plasma, we will usually begin by assuming that there is an equilibrium in which the plasma parameters such as density and magnetic field are uniform and constant in time. We will then look at small perturbations away from this equilibrium, and investigate the time and space dependence of those perturbations. The usual notation is to label the equilibrium quantities with a subscript 0, e.g. n0, and the pertrubed quantities with a subscript 1, eg n1. Then the assumption of small perturbations is n /n 1. When the perturbations are small, we can generally ignore j 1 0j ¿ squares and higher powers of these quantities, thus obtaining a set of linear equations for the unknowns. These linear equations may be Fourier transformed in both space and time, thus reducing the differential equations to a set of algebraic equations. Equivalently, we may assume that each perturbed quantity has the mathematical form n = n exp i~k ~x iωt (1) 1 ¢ ¡ where the real part is implicitly assumed. Th³is form descri´bes a wave. The amplitude n is in ~ general complex, allowing for a non•zero phase constant φ0. The vector k, called the wave vector, gives both the direction of propagation of the wave and the wavelength: k = 2π/λ; ω is the angular frequency. There is a relation between ω and ~k that is determined by the physical properties of the system. The function ω ~k is called the dispersion relation for the wave. -
What Is Plasma? Its Characteristics Plasma Oscillations Plasmon And
Topics covered here are: What is Plasma? Its Characteristics Plasma Oscillations Plasmon and plasmon frequency Sources used here are: http://farside.ph.utexas.edu/teaching/plasma/Plasmahtml/node1.html https://www.britannica.com/science/plasma-state-of-matter/Plasma-oscillations- and-parameters What is Plasma The electromagnetic force is generally observed to create structure: e.g., stable atoms and molecules, crystalline solids. Structured systems have binding energies larger than the ambient thermal energy. Placed in a sufficiently hot environment, they decompose: e.g., crystals melt, molecules disassociate. At temperatures near or exceeding atomic ionization energies, atoms similarly decompose into negatively charged electrons and positively charged ions. These charged particles are by no means free: in fact, they are strongly affected by each others' electromagnetic fields. Nevertheless, because the charges are no longer bound, their assemblage becomes capable of collective motions of great vigor and complexity. Such an assemblage is termed a plasma. Of course, bound systems can display extreme complexity of structure: e.g., a protein molecule. Complexity in a plasma is somewhat different, being expressed temporally as much as spatially. It is predominately characterized by the excitation of an enormous variety of collective dynamical modes. Its occurrence and characteristics Since thermal decomposition breaks interatomic bonds before ionizing, most terrestrial plasmas begin as gases. In fact, a plasma is sometimes defined as a gas that is sufficiently ionized to exhibit plasma-like behavior. Note that plasma-like behavior ensues after a remarkably small fraction of the gas has undergone ionization. Thus, fractionally ionized gases exhibit most of the exotic phenomena characteristic of fully ionized gases. -
Spoof Surface Plasmon Polaritons Supported by Ultrathin Corrugated Metal Strip and Their Applications
Nanotechnol Rev 2015; 4(3): 239–258 Review Xi Gao and Tie Jun Cui* Spoof surface plasmon polaritons supported by ultrathin corrugated metal strip and their applications Abstract: In this review, we present a brief introduction Attributing to remarkable features and huge application on the spoof surface plasmons supported on corrugated potentials [3–10], SPPs have attracted extensive attentions metallic plates with nearly zero thickness. We mainly and have been intensively investigated. At optical frequen- focus on the propagation characteristics of spoof surface cies, metals behave like plasmas with negative permittiv- plasmon polaritons (SPPs), excitation of planar SPPs, and ity, which makes SPPs be highly confined to the interface several plasmonic devices including the bending wave- of metal and air (or metal and dielectric) and propagate guide, Y-shaped beam splitter, frequency splitter, and fil- along the surface. SPPs can overcome diffraction limit ter. These devices are designed and fabricated with either and realize miniaturized photonic components and inte- planar or conformal plasmonic metamaterials, which are grated circuits due to their highly localized feature, which validated by both full-wave simulations and experiments, makes it widely used in nano-photonics and optoelectron- showing high performance. We also demonstrate that an ics [4, 11–14]. However, as the frequency goes downward to ultrathin textured metallic disk can support multipolar microwave and terahertz regions, the natural SPPs do not spoof localized surface plasmons, either with straight or exist on smooth metal surfaces because of infinite dielec- curved grooves, from which the Fano resonances are also tric constant of metal [1]. Instead, Sommerfeld or Zenneck observed. -
Plasma Oscillations in Heavy-Fermion Materials A
Plasma oscillations in heavy-fermion materials A. J. Millis, M. Lavagna, P.A. Lee To cite this version: A. J. Millis, M. Lavagna, P.A. Lee. Plasma oscillations in heavy-fermion materials. Physical Review B: Condensed Matter (1978-1997), American Physical Society, 1987, 36 (1), pp.864-867. 10.1103/Phys- RevB.36.864. hal-01896336 HAL Id: hal-01896336 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01896336 Submitted on 16 Oct 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. PHYSICAL REVIEW B VOLUME 36, NUMBER 1 1 JULY 1987 Plasma oscillations in heavy-fermion materials A. J. Millis AT& T Bell Laboratories, 600 Mountain Avenue, Murray Hill, New Jersey 07974 M. Lavagna Laboratoire Louis Neel, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Boite Postale No. 166x, 38042 Grenoble Cedex France P. A. Lee Department of Physics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139 (Received 2 February 1987) We calculate the dielectric function of the lattice Anderson model via an auxiliary-boson large-N method suitably generalized to include the eA'ects of the long-range part of the Coulomb interaction. We show that the model exhibits a low-lying plasma oscillation at a frequency m* on the order of the Kondo temperature of the model, in addition to the usual high-frequency plasma oscillation.