HISTORIC RESOURCES COMMISSION

NAME TERM CONTACT Tracy Quillen Historian 5/11-3/14 [email protected] [first term]

Michael Arp At Large 4/11 – 4/14 [email protected] [first term]

Sean Williams Real Estate 3/09 – 3/12 [email protected] [second term]

Leslie Tuttle Historian 9/11 – 3/13 [email protected] [first term]

Chad Foster Architect 3/10 – 3/13 [email protected] [first term]

Allen Wiechert (Vice Chair) 3/10 – 3/13 [email protected] (KU Liaison) Architect [second term]

Jody Meyer (Chair) Attorney 3/09 – 3/12 [email protected] [second term]

Commissioners are appointed to a three-year term, with a maximum of two terms.

ARCHITECTURAL REVIEW SUBCOMMITEE Allen Wiechert Chad Foster Michael Arp

STAFF CONTACT Lynne Braddock-Zollner Historic Resources Administrator Lawrence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Office City Hall, 6 E. 6th Street, PO Box 708, Lawrence, Kansas, 66044-0708 PHONE: 785-832-3151 FAX: 785-832-3160 e-mail: [email protected]

Rev. 9.9.2011

KANSAS HISTORIC PRESERVATION DEPARTMENT (TOPEKA) www.kshs.org Cultural Resources Division Kansas State Historic Preservation Department 6425 SW 6th Avenue Topeka, KS 66615-1099 General phone: 785-272-8681 x 240 Fax: 785-272-8682

Personnel Jennie Chinn, State Historic Preservation Officer x 205 Patrick Zollner, Director x 217 Katrina Ringler, Grants Manager x 215 Sarah Martin, National Register x 216 Kristen Johnston, Tax Credits x 213

Rev. 9.9.2011

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BYLAWS OF HISTORIC RESOURCES COMMISSION OF THE CITY OF LAWRENCE, KANSAS

Article I

PURPOSE AND ORGANIZATION SECTION 1. The purpose of the Historic Resources Commission of the City of Lawrence, Kansas, shall be to carry out the declared policies specified under Section 22-102 of Ordinance 5950 of the Code of the City of Lawrence and to perform such duties and exercise such powers as are imposed and granted to the Commission by said Ordinance. SECTION 2. Said Commission members shall be appointed and serve as provided by Section 22-203 of Ordinance 5950 of the Code of the City of Lawrence and may be removed from office as provided by the Code of the City of Lawrence and the Laws of the State of Kansas. The Commission may recommend to the Mayor and Board of Commissioners of the City of Lawrence the removal of any commission member who has been absent for four (4) regularly scheduled meetings of the Commission within any one (1) year period which absence has not been excused by a majority vote of the Commission. Said recommendation shall require a simple majority vote in favor thereof and shall be transmitted in writing to the Mayor and Board of Commissioners within ten (10) days of said vote. Notice shall be given to the member whose removal is recommended by regular mail to the last known address of such member within ten (10) days of said vote. Article II POWERS AND DUTIES OF THE COMMISSION SECTION 1. In accordance with the powers and duties conferred by Section 22- 205 of ordinance 5950 of the Code of the City of Lawrence, the Commission may designate such committees as it, from time to time, deems appropriate and necessary for the conduct of Commission business. Any such committees shall be appointed by the chairperson with the approval of the Commission and may include persons who are not Members of the Commission provided that such non-members may not vote on any action or recommendation taken by such committees. SECTION 2. In all formal matters said Commission shall act by motion unless a resolution is required by law, ordinance or governmental regulation. All notices required by law to be given by publication shall be published in the official city paper.

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Article II MEETINGS OF THE COMMISSION SECTION 1. Regular meetings of the Commission, as determined by Resolution of the Commission, shall be held in the City Hall, 6 East 6th Street, Lawrence, Kansas, provided that the Commission may adopt another place for meeting by a majority vote. When the date of a regular meeting comes on a legal holiday the chair of the Commission shall designate the date for the next regular meeting. SECTION 2. The Historic Resources Administrator shall prepare a notice of all meetings and prepare an agenda of all matters scheduled by the chairperson to be considered at the meeting and mail the same to the Commission members prior to said meeting. A copy of the agenda shall also be provided to the City Manager, Board of City Commissioners and to such others as required by the Kansas Open Meetings Act, K.S.A. 75-4317 et seq., and amendments thereto. Any member of the Commission may place an item on the agenda by advising the Historic Resources Administrator no later than 12:00 noon on the Monday preceding the next regular meeting. Matters not listed on the agenda of a regular meeting may be considered with the approval of the members present. The member who will chair such regular meeting shall set the order of business on such agenda. SECTION 3. Special meetings of the Commission may be called by the Chair, or Vice Chair in the absence of the Chair, at any time by giving suitable notice of the date, time and place of such meeting to all members thereof. A special meeting shall be called by the Historic Resources Administrator upon the written request of any four (4) members. Notice of the date, time, place and reason for the special meeting shall be provided by the Historic Resources Administrator to all members, the City Manager, City Commission and to such others as required by law or ordinance as soon as the date, time, place and the reason are determined and the supporting staff is advised. Announcement of a special meeting at a regular meeting shall constitute notice to those members present. No matters other than those enumerated in the notice shall be considered at a special meeting. SECTION 4. All meetings of the Historic Resources Commission shall be open to the public in accordance with the Kansas Open Meetings Act, K.S.A. 75-4317 et seg., and amendments thereto. SECTION 5. The support staff of the Historic Resources Commission shall keep and maintain records of all matters coming before the Commission. The support staff shall prepare meeting action summaries to be filed with the City Clerk who shall be the official custodian of such meeting action summaries with copies to be kept in a binder available for public inspection in the office of the Planning Department. The meeting action summary binder shall not be removed from the office of the Planning Department except by court order. Copies of the meeting action summaries of the

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Commission shall be provided by the custodian thereof in accordance with the Kansas Open Records Act, K.S.A. 45-201, et seq., and amendments thereto. The supporting staff may also make copies of meeting action summaries and other records available upon request in accordance with the Kansas Open Records Act, as amended and make such charges as are necessary to recover the cost of providing such copies. SECTION 6. A quorum shall consist of four (4) members. In the absence of a quorum at any meeting, the presiding officer may adjourn the meeting to a specific date, time and place and notice of such meeting shall be provided as otherwise required herein. SECTION 7. All meetings of the Commission shall be conducted in accordance with Robert's Rules of Order except insofar as modified by these bylaws and the rules and procedures as adopted by the Commission. Discussion, presentation and comments may be made by persons who are not members of the Commission only upon approval of the Commission and recognition by the presiding officer. SECTION 8. Votes of the Commission shall not be unless otherwise required by law or ordinance, except that any member may request that the Commission minutes reflect the number and/or identity of members voting in favor, in opposition or abstaining. Any member may provide an oral or a written explanation of his or her vote or abstention for the record, and such explanation shall become part of the official meeting action summary. Members abstaining from voting shall not be counted as favoring or opposing the motion, resolution or action being voted upon nor shall they be counted for determining the majority vote necessary for passage of such motion, resolution or other action.

Article IV OFFICERS AND THEIR DUTIES SECTION 1. The officers of the Commission shall be as follows: Chair who shall be elected annually by said Commission from its number and shall preside at all meetings of the Commission and shall sign, execute and deliver for the Commission all contracts, warrants and documents of any kind required or authorized to be signed or delivered by said Commission.

Vice Chair who shall be elected annually by said Commission from its number, and in the absence or disqualification or disability of the Chair, shall perform the duties of the Chair and shall act in his or her place with the full power and authority which he or she would have were he or she present. SECTION 2. The Commission shall appoint such other officers as may be required by law, ordinances or as deemed necessary and appropriate for the conduct of the business of the Commission.

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SECTION 3. The supporting staff of the Commission shall, when required by law, authenticate the signature of the Chair or other officer of the Commission.

Article V RULES AND PROCEDURES SECTION 1. The Commission shall adopt appropriate rules and procedures for the conduct of meetings and for the transaction of the Commission's business. SECTION 2. The Commission shall adopt, by a unanimous vote, a policy and procedure for Administrative Review that may be approved by the Historic Resources Administrator and confirmed by the Commission at the next regular scheduled meeting.

SECTION 3. The Commission shall appoint a body, hereby identified as the Architectural Review Committee, to review projects and requests that have been referred to the Architectural Review Committee by the Commission.

Article VI SECTION 1. The Commission may, by a simple majority vote thereof, amend these bylaws or any provisions or sections thereof at any time when the same is not in conflict or in contravention of any of the laws of the State of Kansas or ordinances applicable thereto subject to approval of the amendment by the Board of City Commissioners. Provided, however, that notices of the proposed amendments be furnished by the supporting staff to the Commission members not less than five(5) days prior to the meeting at which said amendments are to be considered. A copy of the bylaws will be filed with the office of -the City Clerk. The above and foregoing bylaws are hereby adopted as Bylaws of the Historic Resources Commission of the City of Lawrence, Kansas. Dated this ______day of ______, 1999

______Chair, Historic Resources Commission

Attest:______

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WEBSITES OF INTEREST

LOCAL City of Lawrence, Kansas – Historic Resources http://lawrenceks.org/pds/historic_resources

Historic Districts in Lawrence Maps http://lawrenceks.org/pds/hr-fivedistricts

Lawrence Interactive Map http://www.lawrenceks.org/information_systems/interactive_mapping

STATE Kansas State Historical Society SHPO http://www.kshs.org/portal_shpo

Kansas Preservation Alliance http://www.kpalliance.org/index.htm

Kansas Legislature http://www.kslegislature.org/legsrv-legisportal/index.do

NATIONAL National Park Service – Heritage Preservation Service http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/

National Register http://www.nps.gov/nr/

Preservation Briefs—VERY HELPFUL http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/briefs/presbhom.htm

National Trust for Historic Preservation http://www.preservationnation.org/

National Main Street Center http://www.preservationnation.org/main-street/

COMMISSIONS National Alliance of Preservation Commissions-preservation links http://www.uga.edu/napc/programs/napc/links.htm

EDUCATION National Park Service Online Education http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/online_ed.htm

Preservation Directory.com http://www.preservationdirectory.com/HistoricalPreservation/Home.aspx

Advisory Council on Historic Preservation http://www.achp.gov/

Traditional Building http://www.traditional-building.com/

National Center for Preservation Technology and Training http://www.ncptt.nps.gov/

FUNDING Cynthia Woods Mitchell Fund for Historic Interiors http://www.cttrust.org/index.cgi/121

Preservation Services Fund http://lists.unc.edu/read/attachment/4419274/2/PSF+Application.pdf

Johanna Favrot Fund for Historic Preservation http://www.cttrust.org/index.cgi/124

BOOKS OF INTEREST

Alanen, Arnold and Robert Melnick, eds. Preserving Cultural Landscapes in America. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990.

Dary, David. Pictorial history of Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Books, 1992.

Dary, David. Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas; An Informal History. Lawrence, Kansas: Allen Books, 1982.

Danzer, Gerald A. Public Places: Exploring Their History. Nashville. Tennessee: American Association for State and Local History, 1987.

Fitch, James Marston. Historic Preservation: Curatorial Management of the Built World. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1990.

Fleming, Ronald Lee. Saving Face: How Corporate Franchise Design Can Respect Community Identity. Chicago, Illinois: American Planning Association, 1994.

Grottfried, Herbert and Jan Jennings. American Vernacular Design: 1870-1940. Ames: Iowa State University Press, 1988.

Gratz, Robeta Brandes and Norman Mintz. Cities Back from the Edge: New Life for Downtown. New York: John Wiles and Sons, 1998.

King, Thomas. Federal Planning and Historical Places. New York: AltaMira Press, 2001.

Library of Congress. Geography and Map Division. Reference and Bibliography Section. Fire Insurance Maps in the Library of Congress. Washington, D.C.: Library of Congress, 1981.

Longstreth, Richard. The Buildings of Main Street: A guide to American Commercial Architecture. Walnut Creek, California: AltaMira Press, 2000.

McAlester, Virginia and Lee. A Field Guide to American Houses. New York: Knopf, 1991.

Muilenburg, Grace and Ada Swineford. Land of the Post Rock: Its Origins, History and People. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1975.

Murtagh, William. Keeping Time: The History and Theory of Preservation in America. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1999.

National Trust for Historic Preservation. Share Your Heritage: Cultural Heritage Tourism Success Stories. National Trust for Historic Preservation, 2001.

New York Landmarks Conservancy. Repairing Old and Historic Windows: A Manual for Architects and Homeowners. New York: John Wiley and Sons, 1992.

Noble, Allen G. and Hubert G.H. Wilhelm. Barnes of the Midwest. Athens: Ohio University Press, 1995.

Peterson, Fred. Homes in the Heartland. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1992.

Rypkema, Donovan. The Economics of Historic Preservation: Community Leader’s Guide. Washington, D.C.: National Trust for Historic Preservation, 1994.

Sachs, David and George Ehrlich. Guide to Kansas Architecture. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1996.

Shortridge, James R. Cities on the Plains: the Evolution of Urban Kansas. Lawrence: University Press of Kansas, 1995.

Tyler, Norman. Historic Preservation: An Introduction to its History, Principles, and Practice. New York: W.W. Norton and Company, 2000.

University of Kansas Museum of Art, Nineteenth Century Houses in Lawrence, Kansas. 1968.

Procedural Due Process in Plain English: A Guide for Preservation Commissions

Bradford J. White and Paul W. Edmondson

National Trust for Historic Preservation, Copyright 1994, pp1-4

Procedural Due Process: An Overview

The term “procedural due process” is short-hand for a set of legal and practical principles, derived from the Constitution, court decisions and state and local statutory provisions, intended to ensure that government agencies at all levels-federal, state, and local- act fairly in making decisions affecting the interests of individual citizens. In the chapters that follow, this publication sets out the basic legal framework that the courts use in approaching procedural due process questions, as well as specific guidance on topics that commonly arise in the context of local ordinances granting regulatory powers to historic preservation commissions or review boards.

As the information in this publication is considered, it may be useful to keep the following overview in mind:

1. “Procedural due process” refers to the procedures designed to safeguard individuals from arbitrary governmental action. These procedures help to ensure that the substance of a decision by a government agency or official is reasonable, publicly accepted and not susceptible to legal challenge. In the preservation context, procedural due process includes the need for notice of a commission action, the need for and type of hearing required, and the procedures necessary for fair and informed decision making.

2. The baseline to look for procedural requirements are those procedures imposed by statue-state enabling legislation, preservation ordinances, state sunshine laws, administrative procedure acts and others. Because due process requirements vary from state to state, these statutory sources-as well as relevant case law from the state- must be consulted in determining what procedures apply in any given case.

3. It is the responsibility of each preservation commission to establish and follow its own rules of procedure that meet the requirements of this statutory baseline, and that go beyond those requirements as necessary to provide additional detail to satisfy constitutional and fairness requirements. 4. Property owners, neighbors and interested members of the general public must be provided a reasonable opportunity to be heard on any matter considered by a preservation commission that affects their interests. There can be no opportunity to be heard, however, without appropriate notice of any upcoming action by a preservation commission. Therefore, preservation commissions must provide reasonable notice of any upcoming action to affected property owners. Neighbors, other interested parties and the general public. Notice may include (1) individually mailed notice, (2) published notice (usually through local newspapers), and (3) posted notice. Generally, the closer the distance a person is from a property under consideration by a commission, the more appropriate it is to use individually mailed notice. Notice should be sufficiently detailed so that the person receiving the notice understands the nature of the action the commission is considering, the date, time and place for any public hearing and the opportunity for public participation.

5. A public hearing should be held prior to a commission action on a specific application or proposal. One exception is the case of interim controls, including preliminary designations of historic properties, in which case temporary restrictions on the use of the property may be put into place pending final action by the commission on a nominated property, in order to prevent demolition or significant alteration of properties under consideration for protection.

6. Public hearings by preservation commissions must be carried out in a business- like manner, but need not have the formality or trial-like hearings. Consequently, except where a particular jurisdiction may require it (consult your local attorney), swearing-in of witnesses and formal cross-examination are generally not required. Hearings should be open to the public, consistent with state “sunshine acts”, and managed in a way that permits a meaningful opportunity for interested parties to present their views and relevant information. Commissions may use reasonable time limits and other means to manage the conduct of the hearing, so long as these requirements are applied even-handedly to all parties. Above all, every participant in a public hearing has the right to be treated fairly and with respect.

7. A preservation commission’s decision should adequately explain the basis of the decision, with specific reference to information in the record and the relevant standards and criteria included in the preservation ordinance.

8. The commission should carefully record its actions through written minutes. It is also advisable to maintain and audio or visual recording of commission meetings and hearings, which can be transcribed as necessary (or as may be required as a standard procedure by local practice).

9. The tenets of procedural due process require decision-making by a fair and unbiased tribunal. Consequently, preservation commission members should avoid even the perception of bias or prejudgment in their conduct, particularly by avoiding extraneous commentary during-or outside of- commission meetings. Commission members should also be careful to avoid conflicts of interest, or even the appearance of a conflict, due to a personal, financial or professional interest in the subject matter of a proceeding (or with an interested party). Where a potential conflict exists, advice should be sought from a competent outside source, such as a city or municipal attorney. If a conflict is found to exist, a commissioner may not participate in the decision-making process.

10. A commissioner’s decisions should be made on the basis of information contained in the public record and available to all interested parties. Ex parte contacts (private communications between an interested party and a commissioner on an issue before the commission) should be prohibited.

11. Commission members should work closely with their city or municipal attorney to establish workable procedures, and particularly to ensure that any local or state level variations in procedural requirements are addressed and incorporated into a commission’s own rules of procedure.

Robert's Rules of Order - Summary Version

For Fair and Orderly Meetings & Conventions

Provides common rules and procedures for deliberation and debate in order to place the whole membership on the same footing and speaking the same language. The conduct of ALL business is controlled by the general will of the whole membership - the right of the deliberate majority to decide. Complementary is the right of at least a strong minority to require the majority to be deliberate - to act according to its considered judgment AFTER a full and fair "working through" of the issues involved. Robert's Rules provides for constructive and democratic meetings, to help, not hinder, the business of the assembly. Under no circumstances should "undue strictness" be allowed to intimidate members or limit full participation.

The fundamental right of deliberative assemblies require all questions to be thoroughly discussed before taking action!

The assembly rules - they have the final say on everything! Silence means consent!

• Obtain the floor (the right to speak) by being the first to stand when the person speaking has finished; state Mr./Madam Chairman. Raising your hand means nothing, and standing while another has the floor is out of order! Must be recognized by the Chair before speaking! • Debate can not begin until the Chair has stated the motion or resolution and asked "are you ready for the question?" If no one rises, the chair calls for the vote! • Before the motion is stated by the Chair (the question) members may suggest modification of the motion; the mover can modify as he pleases, or even withdraw the motion without consent of the seconder; if mover modifies, the seconder can withdraw the second. • The "immediately pending question" is the last question stated by the Chair! Motion/Resolution - Amendment - Motion to Postpone • The member moving the "immediately pending question" is entitled to preference to the floor! • No member can speak twice to the same issue until everyone else wishing to speak has spoken to it once! • All remarks must be directed to the Chair. Remarks must be courteous in language and deportment - avoid all personalities, never allude to others by name or to motives! • The agenda and all committee reports are merely recommendations! When presented to the assembly and the question is stated, debate begins and changes occur!

http://www.robertsrules.org/

The Rules

• Point of Privilege: Pertains to noise, personal comfort, etc. - may interrupt only if necessary! • Parliamentary Inquiry: Inquire as to the correct motion - to accomplish a desired result, or raise a point of order • Point of Information: Generally applies to information desired from the speaker: "I should like to ask the (speaker) a question." • Orders of the Day (Agenda): A call to adhere to the agenda (a deviation from the agenda requires Suspending the Rules) • Point of Order: Infraction of the rules, or improper decorum in speaking. Must be raised immediately after the error is made • Main Motion: Brings new business (the next item on the agenda) before the assembly • Divide the Question: Divides a motion into two or more separate motions (must be able to stand on their own) • Consider by Paragraph: Adoption of paper is held until all paragraphs are debated and amended and entire paper is satisfactory; after all paragraphs are considered, the entire paper is then open to amendment, and paragraphs may be further amended. Any Preamble can not be considered until debate on the body of the paper has ceased. • Amend: Inserting or striking out words or paragraphs, or substituting whole paragraphs or resolutions • Withdraw/Modify Motion: Applies only after question is stated; mover can accept an amendment without obtaining the floor • Commit /Refer/Recommit to Committee: State the committee to receive the question or resolution; if no committee exists include size of committee desired and method of selecting the members (election or appointment). • Extend Debate: Applies only to the immediately pending question; extends until a certain time or for a certain period of time • Limit Debate: Closing debate at a certain time, or limiting to a certain period of time • Postpone to a Certain Time: State the time the motion or agenda item will be resumed • Object to Consideration: Objection must be stated before discussion or another motion is stated • Lay on the Table: Temporarily suspends further consideration/action on pending question; may be made after motion to close debate has carried or is pending • Take from the Table: Resumes consideration of item previously "laid on the table" - state the motion to take from the table • Reconsider: Can be made only by one on the prevailing side who has changed position or view http://www.robertsrules.org/

• Postpone Indefinitely: Kills the question/resolution for this session - exception: the motion to reconsider can be made this session • Previous Question: Closes debate if successful - may be moved to "Close Debate" if preferred • Informal Consideration: Move that the assembly go into "Committee of the Whole" - informal debate as if in committee; this committee may limit number or length of speeches or close debate by other means by a 2/3 vote. All votes, however, are formal. • Appeal Decision of the Chair: Appeal for the assembly to decide - must be made before other business is resumed; NOT debatable if relates to decorum, violation of rules or order of business • Suspend the Rules: Allows a violation of the assembly's own rules (except Constitution); the object of the suspension must be specified

© 1997 Beverly Kennedy

http://www.robertsrules.org/

Proposed project is submitted. Request for alteration of listed property or property located within the environs of a listed property.

Project does not require building permit and/or Project requires building permit, Certificate of Appropriateness Certificate of Appropriateness or or CLG review. CLG review

Major Review Case Project may proceed Administrative Review Case The project is forwarded to the Cases of lesser significance Historic Resources Commission and reviewed by staff. (HRC) for review.

Staff determines that the proposed project does not meet the appropriate standards.

Staff determines that the proposed projects meets the standards of review and the Applicant revises Project is HRC reviews proposed appropriate standards with or without project to meet forwarded to the project. conditions (Secretary of the Interior’s standards Historic Resources Standards for Rehabilitating Buildings, Commission Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the (HRC) Effect of Projects on Environs, Chapter 22 and other adopted guidelines) HRC determines that the proposed project will encroach upon damage Applicant appeals or destroy the listed property or its HRC’s determination environs

State Historic Preservation Office provides opinion.

HRC approves proposed project with or without Applicant City Commission Holds a Public Hearing to determine if there are conditions. revises project to meet feasible and prudent alternatives and if all possible planning has standards cited been done to mitigate the effects on the listed property. by HRC

Project may proceed City Commission determines there are no City Commission Denies Project “feasible and prudent” alternatives and all The City Commission determines that there are Staff issues a release memo to the possible planning has been done to mitigate the feasible and prudent alternatives and/or all Plan Review Manager when conditions effects on the listed property or environs possible planning has not been done to mitigate of approval have been met. the effects.

` Five day waiting period Project may not proceed. Applicant can revise project and resubmit. Open Meetings Act

75-4317 Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4317. Open meetings declared policy of state; citation of act. (a) In recognition of the fact that a representative government is dependent upon an informed electorate, it is declared to be the policy of this state that meetings for the conduct of governmental affairs and the transaction of governmental business be open to the public. (b) It is declared hereby to be against the public policy of this state for any such meeting to be adjourned to another time or place in order to subvert the policy of open public meetings as pronounced in subsection (a). (c) K.S.A. 75-4317 through 75-4320a shall be known and may be cited as the open meetings act. History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 1; L. 1975, ch. 455, § 1; L. 1999, ch. 96, § 1; July 1.

75-4317a Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4317a. Meeting defined. (a) As used in this act, "meeting" means any gathering or assembly in person or through the use of a telephone or any medium for interactive communication; by a majority of the membership of a body or agency subject to the act; For the purpose of discussing the business or affairs of the body or agency. History: L. 1977, ch. 301, § 1; L. 1994, ch. 64, § 1; April 7. o A meeting will now be defined as:

75-4318 Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4318. Meetings of state and subdivisions open to public; exceptions; secret ballots; notice; agenda, cameras, photographic lights, recording devices. (a) Subject to the provisions of subsection

(f), all meetings for the conduct of the affairs of, and the transaction of business by, all legislative and administrative bodies and agencies of the state and political and taxing subdivisions thereof, including boards, commissions, authorities, councils, committees, subcommittees and other subordinate groups thereof, receiving or expending and supported in whole or in part by public funds shall be open to the public and no binding action by such bodies shall be by secret ballot. Meetings of task forces, advisory committees or subcommittees of advisory committees created pursuant to a governor's executive order shall be open to the public in accordance with this act.

Amendment July 1st, 2008-“Serial Meetings” must now be open ( K.S.A. 75- 4318a(f)). meetings in a series shall be open if they collectively involve a majority of the membership of the body or agency, share a common topic of discussion concerning the business or affairs of the agency and are intended by any or all of the participants to reach agreement on a matter that would require binding action to be taken by the body or agency.” The new subsection codifies what previously existed only in Attorney General opinion.

(b) Notice of the date, time and place of any regular or special meeting of a public body designated hereinabove shall be furnished to any person requesting such notice, except that:

(1) If notice is requested by petition, the petition shall designate one person to receive notice on behalf of all persons named in the petition, and notice to such person shall constitute notice to all persons named in the petition;

(2) if notice is furnished to an executive officer of an employees' organization or trade association, such notice shall be deemed to have been furnished to the entire membership of such organization or association; and

(3) the public body may require that a request to receive notice must be submitted again to the body prior to the commencement of any subsequent fiscal year of the body during which the person wishes to continue receiving notice, but, prior to discontinuing notice to any person, the public body must notify the person that notice will be discontinued unless the person resubmits a request to receive notice.

(c) It shall be the duty of the presiding officer or other person calling the meeting, if the meeting is not called by the presiding officer, to furnish the notice required by subsection (b).

(d) Prior to any meeting hereinabove mentioned, any agenda relating to the business to be transacted at such meeting shall be made available to any person requesting said agenda.

(e) The use of cameras, photographic lights and recording devices shall not be prohibited at any meeting mentioned by subsection (a), but such use shall be subject to reasonable rules designed to insure the orderly conduct of the proceedings at such meeting.

(f) The provisions of the open meetings law shall not apply:

(1) To any administrative body that is authorized by law to exercise quasi- judicial functions when such body is deliberating matters relating to a decision involving such quasi-judicial functions;

(2) to the parole board when conducting parole hearings or parole violation hearings held at a correctional institution;

(3) to any impeachment inquiry or other impeachment matter referred to any committee of the house of representatives prior to the report of such committee to the full house of representatives; and

(4) if otherwise provided by state or federal law or by rules of the Kansas senate or house of representatives.

History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 2; L. 1975, ch. 455, § 2; L. 1977, ch. 301, § 2; L. 1978, ch. 361, § 1; L. 1985, ch. 284, § 1; L. 2001, ch. 122, § 1; L. 2002, ch. 162, § 1; July 1.

75-4319 Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4319. Closed or executive meetings; conditions; authorized subjects for discussion; binding action prohibited; certain documents identified in meetings not subject to disclosure. (a) Upon formal motion made, seconded and carried, all bodies and agencies subject to the open meetings act may recess, but not adjourn, open meetings for closed or executive meetings. Any motion to recess for a closed or executive meeting shall include a statement of (1) the justification for closing the meeting, (2) the subjects to be discussed during the closed or executive meeting and (3) the time and place at which the open meeting shall resume. Such motion, including the required statement, shall be recorded in the minutes of the meeting and shall be maintained as a part of the permanent records of the body or agency. Discussion during the closed or executive meeting shall be limited to those subjects stated in the motion. (b) No subjects shall be discussed at any closed or executive meeting, except the following: (1) Personnel matters of nonelected personnel; (2) consultation with an attorney for the body or agency which would be deemed privileged in the attorney-client relationship; (3) matters relating to employer-employee negotiations whether or not in consultation with the representative or representatives of the body or agency; (4) confidential data relating to financial affairs or trade secrets of corporations, partnerships, trusts, and individual proprietorships; (5) matters relating to actions adversely or favorably affecting a person as a student, patient or resident of a public institution, except that any such person shall have the right to a public hearing if requested by the person; (6) preliminary discussions relating to the acquisition of real property; (7) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to K.S.A. 74-8804 and amendments thereto; (8) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to subsection (d)(1) of K.S.A. 38-1507 and amendments thereto or subsection (e) of K.S.A. 38-1508 and amendments thereto; (9) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to subsection (j) of K.S.A. 22a-243 and amendments thereto; (10) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to subsection (e) of K.S.A. 44-596 and amendments thereto; (11) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to subsection (g) of K.S.A. 39-7,119 and amendments thereto; (12) matters required to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to a tribal-state gaming compact; (13) matters relating to security measures, if the discussion of such matters at an open meeting would jeopardize such security measures, that protect: (A) Systems, facilities or equipment used in the production, transmission or distribution of energy, water or communications services; (B) transportation and sewer or wastewater treatment systems, facilities or equipment; (C) a public body or agency, public building or facility or the information system of a public body or agency; or (D) private property or persons, if the matter is submitted to the agency for purposes of this paragraph. For purposes of this paragraph, security means measures that protect against criminal acts intended to intimidate or coerce the civilian population, influence government policy by intimidation or coercion or to affect the operation of government by disruption of public services, mass destruction, assassination or kidnapping. Security measures include, but are not limited to, intelligence information, tactical plans, resource deployment and vulnerability assessments; (14) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to subsection (f) of K.S.A. 65-525, and amendments thereto; and (15) matters permitted to be discussed in a closed or executive meeting pursuant to K.S.A. 2007 Supp. 75-7427, and amendments thereto. (c) No binding action shall be taken during closed or executive recesses, and such recesses shall not be used as a subterfuge to defeat the purposes of this act. (d) Any confidential records or information relating to security measures provided or received under the provisions of subsection (b)(13), shall not be subject to subpoena, discovery or other demand in any administrative, criminal or civil action. History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 3; L. 1977, ch. 301, § 3; L. 1981, ch. 344, § 1; L. 1988, ch. 315, § 4; L. 1992, ch. 318, § 9; L. 1993, ch. 286, § 75; L. 1994, ch. 254, § 3; L. 1996, ch. 256, § 23; L. 1999, ch. 96, § 2; L. 2001, ch. 190, § 2; L. 2004, ch. 177, § 2; L. 2005, ch. 126, § 4; L. 2007, ch. 177, § 16; May 17.

75-4319a Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4319a. History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 3; L. 1977, ch. 301, § 3; L. 1981, ch. 344, § 1; L. 1988, ch. 315, § 4; L. 1992, ch. 312, § 39; Repealed, L. 1993, ch. 286, § 77; July

75-4319b Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4319b.

History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 3; L. 1977, ch. 301, § 3; L. 1981, ch. 344, § 1; L. 1988, ch. 315, § 4; L. 1992, ch. 318, § 9; L. 1993, ch. 286, § 75; L. 1994, ch. 254, § 3; L. 1996, ch. 256 § 23; L. 1999, ch. 96, § 2; L. 2001, ch. 190, § 2; L. 2004, ch. 178, § 6; Repealed, L. 2005, ch. 126, § 9; July 1.

75-4320 Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4320. Penalties. (a) Any member of a body or agency subject to this act who knowingly violates any of the provisions of this act or who intentionally fails to furnish information as required by subsection (b) of K.S.A. 75-4318, and amendments thereto, shall be liable for the payment of a civil penalty in an action brought by the attorney general or county or district attorney, in a sum set by the court of not to exceed $500 for each violation. In addition, any binding action which is taken at a meeting not in substantial compliance with the provisions of this act shall be voidable in any action brought by the attorney general or county or district attorney in the district court of the county in which the meeting was held within 21 days of the meeting, and the court shall have jurisdiction to issue injunctions or writs of mandamus to enforce the provisions of this act.

(b) Civil penalties sued for and recovered hereunder by the attorney general shall be paid into the state general fund. Civil penalties sued for and recovered hereunder by a county or district attorney shall be paid into the general fund of the county where the proceedings were instigated.

History: L. 1972, ch. 319, § 4; L. 1977, ch. 301, § 4; L. 2004, ch. 177, § 3; July 1.

75-4320a Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4320a. Enforcement of act by district courts; burden of proof; court costs; precedence of cases. (a) The district court of any county in which a meeting is held shall have jurisdiction to enforce the purposes of K.S.A. 75-4318 and 75-4319, and amendments thereto, with respect to such meeting, by injunction, mandamus or other appropriate order, on application of any person. (b) In any action hereunder, the burden of proof shall be on the public body or agency to sustain its action. (c) In any action hereunder, the court may award court costs to the person seeking to enforce the provisions of K.S.A. 75-4318 or 75-4319, and amendments thereto, if the court finds that the provisions of those statutes were violated. The award shall be assessed against the public agency or body responsible for the violation. (d) In any action hereunder in which the defendant is the prevailing party, the court may award to the defendant court costs if the court finds that the plaintiff maintained the action frivolously, not in good faith or without a reasonable basis in fact or law. (e) Except as otherwise provided by law, proceedings arising under this section shall take precedence over all other cases and shall be assigned for hearing and trial at the earliest practicable date. (f) As used in this section, "meeting" has the meaning provided by K.S.A. 75-4317a and amendments thereto. History: L. 1981, ch. 344, § 2; July 1.

75-4320b Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4320b. Investigation of alleged violations; powers. In investigating alleged violations of the Kansas open meetings act, the attorney general or county or district attorney may: (a) Subpoena witnesses, evidence, documents or other material; (b) take testimony under oath; (c) examine or cause to be examined any documentary material of whatever nature relevant to such alleged violations; (d) require attendance during such examination of documentary material and take testimony under oath or acknowledgment in respect of any such documentary material; and (e) serve interrogatories. History: L. 2000, ch. 156, § 7; July 1.

75-4320c Chapter 75.--STATE DEPARTMENTS; PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES Article 43.--PUBLIC OFFICERS AND EMPLOYEES 75-4320c. Sunflower Foundation: Health Care for Kansas; subject to open meetings law. The Sunflower Foundation: Health Care for Kansas, established pursuant to the settlement agreement entered into by the attorney general in the action filed by Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Kansas, Inc., in the district court of Shawnee county, Kansas, case no. 97CV608, shall be and is hereby deemed to be a public body and shall be subject to the open meetings law. History: L. 2001, ch. 122, § 3; April 26.

Information found at- http://www.kslegislature.org/legsrv-statutes/ Local Level Government Statement of Substantial Interest’s Guide

DEFINITIONS

"Business" means any corporation, association, partnership, proprietorship, trust, joint venture, and every other business interest, including ownership or use of land for income.

"Candidate for Local Office" means any candidate for nomination or election to any elective office of a governmental subdivision.

"Compensation" means any money, thing of value or economic benefit conferred on, or received by, any person in return for services rendered, or to be rendered, by that person or another.

"Governmental Subdivision" means any city, county, township, school district, drainage district or other governmental subdivision of the state having authority to receive or hold public moneys or funds.

"Preceding Calendar Year" has its usual meaning, except that in the case of candidates and individuals newly appointed to office or employment, it means the 12 months immediately preceding a required filing date.

WHO SHALL FILE AND WHEN

Statement of substantial interests shall be filed by the following individuals at the time specified:

• By a candidate for local office who becomes a candidate on or before the filing deadline for the office, not later than 10 days after the filing deadline, unless before that time the candidacy is officially declined or rejected. • By a candidate for local office who becomes a candidate after the filing deadline for that office, within five days of becoming a candidate, unless within that period the candidacy is officially declined or rejected. • By an individual appointed between January 1 and April 30 to fill a vacancy in an elective office of a governmental subdivision, between April 15 and April 30, inclusive of that year. • By an individual appointed after April 30 of any year to fill a vacancy in elective office of a governmental subdivision, within 15 days after the appointment. • By an individual holding an elective office of a governmental subdivision, between April 15 and April 30, inclusive, of any year if, during the preceding calendar year, any change occurred in the individual's substantial interests.

SECTION GUIDE TO FORM

A_B NAME & POSITION: Self explanatory.

C OWNERSHIP INTERESTS: The value or percentage of a business interest is to be determined at the time of the required filing. The value assigned to a holding is the fair market value. Ownership of stocks and shares including traded and closely held stocks shall constitute legal or equitable interests for the purpose of this section. In addition, all retirement accounts and mutual funds must be listed. In reporting retirement accounts and mutual funds, include the name of the entity that holds the retirement plan assets or mutual funds and not the specific holdings of that plan, unless the holdings are specifically owned in the individual's name. (See Governmental Ethics Commission Opinion 200-52.) Business interests include, among other things, property held for rental, farming, commercial purposes and ownership of mineral rights. Also included are businesses operated out of your home. The address reported for land without a street address should include the rural route, town and state or township, county and state. For the purpose of this section, certificates of deposit, bank savings or checking accounts in a savings and loan, shares in a credit union, life insurance policies, annuities which are not part of a retirement plan, notes, bonds, debentures and mortgages need not be disclosed under this provision.

D GIFTS IN THE FORM OF GOODS OR SERVICES: If a gift is received for which the value is unknown, you are required to list the donor. You are not required to list the donor of a gift (1) if the gift or bequest was received as the result of the death of the donor; (2) if the gift was from a spouse, parent, grandparent, sibling, aunt or uncle; or (3) if acting as a trustee of a trust for the benefit of another.

E COMPENSATION: The disclosure required under this section shall include the name and address of the business or combination of businesses, the type of business and a description of whether the compensation was received by the individual, the individual's spouse, or both. The receipt of interest, dividends and mineral royalties does not constitute "compensation" as defined in K.S.A. 75- 4301a(i), and those matters need not be reported under this provision; however, ownership interests concerning these items may need to be reported under section "C".

F OFFICER OR DIRECTOR OF AN ORGANIZATION OR BUSINESS: The disclosure under this section shall include the name and address of the business or organization and the position held. A person holding the position of administrator or executor of an estate shall not be considered reportable under this section. The holding of a position of officer or director of an organization or business includes for profit and nonprofit organizations.

G RECEIPT OF FEES AND COMMISSION: The disclosure under this section shall include the name and address of the client or customer and a description of whether the fees or commissions were received by the individual, the individual's spouse, or both. In the case of a partnership, it is the partner's proportionate share of the business, and hence of the fee, which is significant, without regard to expenses of the partnership. An individual who receives a salary as opposed to portions of fees or commissions is generally not required to report under this provision.

Taken from Kansas.gov website- http://www.kansas.gov/ethics/Local_Level_Conflict_of_Interest/SSI_Instruction,_ Guide_&_Form/index.html ADMINISTRATIVE REVIEW PROJECT TYPES LIST

The following is a list of project types that City staff will have the authority to administratively approve. If the proposed project meets the Secretary of the Interiors’ Standards for Rehabilitation and Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings and/or the Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect on Projects on Environs, then City staff will administratively approve the proposed project. Upon approval of the administrative review, a memo of release will be issued to the Development Services Department. The Lawrence Historic Resources Commission will confirm administrative approvals at their next regular meeting. If staff determines that the proposed project will “encroach upon, damage or destroy” a listed property or the associated environs, then the proposed project will be forwarded to the Lawrence Historic Resources Commission for full review.

Properties listed on the National Register and/or the Kansas Register of Historic Places:

ƒ Replacement of roofing materials with like-kind materials ƒ Repair of architectural elements such as porches, fascia, windows, doors, with like- kind replacement materials ƒ Installation of mechanical, plumbing, or electrical systems that require minimal changes ƒ Installations of awnings and signs on commercial properties ƒ Interior modifications that do not affect character-defining elements of the structure ƒ Installation of fire safety equipment, or minor alterations to meet the Americans with Disabilities Act ƒ Public improvements including improvements to streets, curbs, sidewalks, parking areas, parks, and other amenities ƒ Rezoning, Special Use Permits, Conditional Use Permits, subdivision of property, or vacation of streets or alleys ƒ Minor exterior building changes ƒ Sidewalk dining ƒ Minor exterior building additions to accessory structures ƒ Similar projects.

Properties within 500 feet of a property listed on the National Register and/or the Kansas Register of Historic Places:

ƒ All projects except for demolition of primary structures, new construction of primary structures, and building additions that are equal to or greater than 20% of the existing building footprint. ƒ Demolition of outbuildings that are not significant to the environs of the listed property ƒ Demolition of outbuildings with appropriate replacement structures ƒ Rezoning, Special Use Permits, Conditional Use Permits, subdivision of property, or vacation of streets or alleys ƒ Similar projects.

Revised 03/15/2007 THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR THE TREATMENT OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES

The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties are common sense principles in non-technical language. They were developed to help protect our nation's irreplaceable cultural resources by promoting consistent preservation practices.

The Standards may be applied to all properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places: buildings, sites, structures, objects, and districts.

The Standards are a series of concepts about maintaining, repairing and replacing historic materials, as well as designing new additions or making alterations. They cannot, in and of themselves, be used to make decisions about which features of a historic property should be preserved and which might be changed. But once an appropriate treatment is selected, the Standards provide philosophical consistency to the work.

There are Standards for four distinct, but interrelated, approaches to the treatment of historic properties--preservation, rehabilitation, restoration, and reconstruction.

Preservation focuses on the maintenance and repair of existing historic materials and retention of a property's form as it has evolved over time. (Protection and Stabilization have now been consolidated under this treatment.)

Rehabilitation acknowledges the need to alter or add to a historic property to meet continuing or changing uses while retaining the property's historic character.

Restoration depicts a property at a particular period of time in its history, while removing evidence of other periods.

Reconstruction re-creates vanished or non-surviving portions of a property for interpretive purposes.

Taken from: http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm I. STANDARDS FOR PRESERVATION

Preservation is defined as the act or process of applying measures necessary to sustain the existing form, integrity, and materials of an historic property. Work, including preliminary measures to protect and stabilize the property, generally focuses upon the ongoing maintenance and repair of historic materials and features rather than extensive replacement and new construction. New exterior additions are not within the scope of this treatment; however, the limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a preservation project.

1. A property will be used as it was historically, or be given a new use that maximizes the retention of distinctive materials, features, spaces, and spatial relationships. Where a treatment and use have not been identified, a property will be protected and, if necessary, stabilized until additional work may be undertaken. 2. The historic character of a property will be retained and preserved. The replacement of intact or repairable historic materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize a property will be avoided. 3. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Work needed to stabilize, consolidate, and conserve existing historic materials and features will be physically and visually compatible, identifiable upon close inspection, and properly documented for future research. 4. Changes to a property that have acquired historic significance in their own right will be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property will be preserved. 6. The existing condition of historic features will be evaluated to determine the appropriate level of intervention needed. Where the severity of deterioration requires repair or limited replacement of a distinctive feature, the new material will match the old in composition, design, color, and texture. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will not be used. 8. Archeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken.

Preservation as a Treatment When the property's distinctive materials, features, and spaces are essentially intact and thus convey the historic significance without extensive repair or replacement; when depiction at a particular period of time is not appropriate; and when a continuing or new use does not require additions or extensive alterations.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

II. STANDARDS FOR REHABILITION

The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation are ten basic principles created to help preserve the distinctive character of a historic building and its site, while allowing for reasonable change to meet new needs.

The Standards (36 CFR Part 67) apply to historic buildings of all periods, styles, types, materials, and sizes. They apply to both the exterior and the interior of historic buildings. The Standards also encompass related landscape features and the building's site and environment as well as attached, adjacent, or related new construction.

Rehabilitation projects must meet the following Standards, as interpreted by the National Park Service, to qualify as “certified rehabilitations” eligible for the 20% rehabilitation tax credit.

The Standards are applied to projects in a reasonable manner, taking into consideration economic and technical feasibility.

1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. 2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided. 3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken. 4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. 5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved. 6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. 8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment. 10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

III. STANDARDS FOR RESTORATION

Restoration is defined as the act or process of accurately depicting the form, features, and character of a property as it appeared at a particular period of time by means of the removal of features from other periods in its history and reconstruction of missing features from the restoration period. The limited and sensitive upgrading of mechanical, electrical, and plumbing systems and other code-required work to make properties functional is appropriate within a restoration project.

1. A property will be used as it was historically or be given a new use which reflects the property's restoration period. 2. Materials and features from the restoration period will be retained and preserved. The removal of materials or alteration of features, spaces, and spatial relationships that characterize the period will not be undertaken. 3. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Work needed to stabilize, consolidate and conserve materials and features from the restoration period will be physically and visually compatible, identifiable upon close inspection, and properly documented for future research. 4. Materials, features, spaces, and finishes that characterize other historical periods will be documented prior to their alteration or removal. 5. Distinctive materials, features, finishes, and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize the restoration period will be preserved. 6. Deteriorated features from the restoration period will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature will match the old in design, color, texture, and, where possible, materials. 7. Replacement of missing features from the restoration period will be substantiated by documentary and physical evidence. A false sense of history will not be created by adding conjectural features, features from other properties, or by combining features that never existed together historically. 8. Chemical or physical treatments, if appropriate, will be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. Treatments that cause damage to historic materials will not be used.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

9. Archeological resources affected by a project will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken. 10. Designs that were never executed historically will not be constructed.

Restoration as a Treatment When the property's design, architectural, or historical significance during a particular period of time outweighs the potential loss of extant materials, features, spaces, and finishes that characterize other historical periods; when there is substantial physical and documentary evidence for the work; and when contemporary alterations and additions are not planned, Restoration may be considered as a treatment. Prior to undertaking work, a particular period of time, i.e., the restoration period, should be selected and justified, and a documentation plan for Restoration developed.

IV. STANDARDS FOR RECONSTRUCTION

Reconstruction is defined as the act or process of depicting, by means of new constructio features, and detailing of a non-surviving site, landscape, building, structure, or object fo of replicating its appearance at a specific period of time and in its historic location.

1. Reconstruction will be used to depict vanished or non-surviving portions of a prop when documentary and physical evidence is available to permit accurate reconstru with minimal conjecture, and such reconstruction is essential to the public understanding of the property. 2. Reconstruction of a landscape, building, structure, or object in its historic location will be preceded by a thorough archeological investigation to identify and evaluate those features and artifacts which are essential to an accurate reconstruction. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures will be undertaken. 3. Reconstruction will include measures to preserve any remaining historic materials, features, and spatial relationships. 4. Reconstruction will be based on the accurate duplication of historic features and elements substantiated by documentary or physical evidence rather than on conjectural designs or the availability of different features from other historic properties. A reconstructed property will re-create the appearance of the non- surviving historic property in materials, design, color, and texture. 5. A reconstruction will be clearly identified as a contemporary re-creation. 6. Designs that were never executed historically will not be constructed.

Reconstruction as a Treatment When a contemporary depiction is required to understand and interpret a property's historic value (including the re-creation of missing components in a historic district or site ); when no other property with the same associative value has survived; and when sufficient historical documentation exists to ensure an accurate reproduction.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings Introduction to the Guidelines

The Guidelines for Rehabilitating Historic Buildings were initially developed in 1977 to help property owners, developers, and Federal managers apply the Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation during the project planning stage by providing general design and technical recommendations. Unlike the Standards, the Guidelines are not codified as program requirements.

Together with the Standards for Rehabilitation they provide a model process for owners, developers, and Federal agency managers to follow.

The Guidelines are intended to assist in applying the Standards to projects generally; consequently, they are not meant to give case-specific advice or address exceptions or rare instances. For example, they cannot tell owners or developers which features of their own historic building are important in defining the historic character and must be preserved--although examples are provided in each section--or which features could be altered, if necessary, for the new use. This kind of careful case-by-case decision-making is best accomplished by seeking assistance from qualified historic preservation professionals in the planning stage of the project. Such professionals include architects, architectural historians, historians, archeologists, and others who are skilled in the preservation, rehabilitation, and restoration of the historic properties.

The Guidelines pertain to historic buildings of all sizes, materials, occupancy, and construction types; and apply to interior and exterior work as well as new exterior additions. Those approaches, treatments, and techniques that are consistent with the Secretary of the Interior's "Standards for Rehabilitation" are listed in bold-face type under the "Recommended" section in each topic area; those approaches, treatments, and techniques which could adversely affect a building's historic character are listed in the "Not Recommended" section in each topic area.

To provide clear and consistent guidance for owners, developers, and Federal agency managers to follow, the "Recommended" courses of action in each section are listed in order of historic preservation concerns so that a rehabilitation project may be successfully planned and completed--one that, first, assures the preservation of a building's important or "character-defining" architectural materials and features and, second, makes possible an efficient contemporary use. Rehabilitation guidance in each section begins with protection and maintenance, that work which should be maximized in every project to enhance overall preservation goals. Next, where some deterioration http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

is present, repair of the building's historic materials and features is recommended. Finally, when deterioration is so extensive that repair is not possible, the most problematic area of work is considered: replacement of historic materials and features with new materials.

To further guide the owner and developer in planning a successful rehabilitation project, those complex design issues dealing with new use requirements such as alterations and additions are highlighted at the end of each section to underscore the need for particular sensitivity in these areas.

HOW TO USE THE GUIDELINES

Identify, Retain, and Preserve The guidance that is basic to the treatment of all historic buildings--identifying, retaining, and preserving the form and detailing of those architectural materials and features that are important in defining the historic character--is always listed first in the "Recommended" area. The parallel "Not Recommended" area lists the types of actions that are most apt to cause the diminution or even loss of the building's historic character. It should be remembered, however, that such loss of character is just as often caused by the cumulative effect of a series of actions that would seem to be minor interventions. Thus, the guidance in all of the "Not Recommended" areas must be viewed in that larger context, e.g., for the total impact on a historic building.

Protect and Maintain After identifying those materials and features that are important and must be retained in the process of rehabilitation work, then protecting and maintaining them are addressed. Protection generally involves the least degree of intervention and is preparatory to other work. For example, protection includes the maintenance of historic material through treatments such as rust removal, caulking, limited paint removal, and re-application of protective coating; the cyclical cleaning of roof gutter systems; or installation of fencing, protective plywood, alarm systems and other temporary protective measures. Although a historic building will usually require more extensive work, an overall evaluation of its physical condition should always begin at this level.

Repair Next, when the physical condition of character-defining materials and features warrants additional work repairing is recommended. Guidance for the repair of historic materials such as masonry, wood, and architectural metals again begins with the least degree of intervention possible such as patching, piecing-in, splicing, consolidating, or otherwise reinforcing or upgrading them according to recognized preservation methods. Repairing also includes the limited replacement in kind--or with compatible substitute material--of extensively http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

deteriorated or missing parts of features when there are surviving prototypes (for example, brackets, dentils, steps, plaster, or portions of slate or tile roofing). Although using the same kind of material is always the preferred option, substitute material is acceptable if the form and design as well as the substitute material itself convey the visual appearance of the remaining parts of the feature and finish.

Replace Following repair in the hierarchy, guidance is provided for replacing an entire character-defining feature with new material because the level of deterioration or damage of materials precludes repair (for example, an exterior cornice; an interior staircase; or a complete porch or storefront). If the essential form and detailing are still evident so that the physical evidence can be used to re- establish the feature as an integral part of the rehabilitation project, then its replacement is appropriate. Like the guidance for repair, the preferred option is always replacement of the entire feature in kind, that is, with the same material. Because this approach may not always be technically or economically feasible, provisions are made to consider the use of a compatible substitute material.

It should be noted that, while the National Park Service guidelines recommend the replacement of an entire character-defining feature under certain well- defined circumstances, they never recommend removal and replacement with new material of a feature that--although damaged or deteriorated--could reasonably be repaired and thus preserved.

Design for Missing Historic Features When an entire interior or exterior feature is missing (for example, an entrance, or cast iron facade; or a principal staircase), it no longer plays a role in physically defining the historic character of the building unless it can be accurately recovered in form and detailing through the process of carefully documenting the historical appearance. Where an important architectural feature is missing, its recovery is always recommended in the guidelines as the first or preferred, course of action. Thus, if adequate historical, pictorial, and physical documentation exists so that the feature may be accurately reproduced, and if it is desirable to re-establish the feature as part of the building's historical appearance, then designing and constructing a new feature based on such information is appropriate. However, a second acceptable option for the replacement feature is a new design that is compatible with the remaining character-defining features of the historic building. The new design should always take into account the size, scale, and material of the historic building itself and, most importantly, should be clearly differentiated so that a false historical appearance is not created.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

Alterations/Additions to Historic Buildings Some exterior and interior alterations to historic building are generally needed to assure its continued use, but it is most important that such alterations do not radically change, obscure, or destroy character-defining spaces, materials, features, or finishes.

Alterations may include providing additional parking space on an existing historic building site; cutting new entrances or windows on secondary elevations; inserting an additional floor; installing an entirely new mechanical system; or creating an atrium or light well. Alteration may also include the selective removal of buildings or other features of the environment or building site that are intrusive and therefore detract from the overall historic character.

The construction of an exterior addition to a historic building may seem to be essential for the new use, but it is emphasized in the guidelines that such new additions should be avoided, if possible, and considered only after it is determined that those needs cannot be met by altering secondary, i.e., non character-defining interior spaces. If, after a thorough evaluation of interior solutions, an exterior addition is still judged to be the only viable alterative, it should be designed and constructed to be clearly differentiated from the historic building and so that the character-defining features are not radically changed, obscured, damaged, or destroyed.

Additions to historic buildings are referenced within specific sections of the guidelines such as Site, Roof, Structural Systems, etc., but are also considered in more detail in a separate section, New Additions to Historic Buildings.

Energy Efficiency/Accessibility Considerations/Health and Safety Considerations These sections of the rehabilitation guidance address work done to meet accessibility requirements and health and safety code requirements; or retrofitting measures to conserve energy. Although this work is quite often an important aspect of rehabilitation projects, it is usually not a part of the overall process of protecting or repairing character-defining features; rather, such work is assessed for its potential negative impact on the building's historic character. For this reason, particular care must be taken not to radically change, obscure, damage, or destroy character-defining materials or features in the process of rehabilitation work to meet code and energy requirements.

http://www.nps.gov/history/hps/tps/standards_guidelines.htm

U.S. Department of the Interior, National Park Service

HOW TO EVALUATE A PROPERTY WITHIN ITS HISTORIC CONTEXT

UNDERSTANDING HISTORIC CONTEXTS

To qualify for the National Register, a property must be significant; that is, it must represent a significant part of the history, architecture, archeology, engineering, or culture of an area, and it must have the characteristics that make it a good representative of properties associated with that aspect of the past. This section explains how to evaluate a property within its historic context. (For a complete discussion of historic contexts, see National Register Bulletin: Guidelines for Completing National Register of Historic Places Registration Forms).

The significance of a historic property can be judged and explained only when it is evaluated within its historic context. Historic contexts are those patterns or trends in history by which a specific occurrence, property, or site is understood and its meaning (and ultimately its significance) within history or prehistory is made clear. Historians, architectural historians, folklorists, archeologists, and anthropologists use different words to describe this phenomenon such as trend, pattern, theme, or cultural affiliation, but ultimately the concept is the same.

The concept of historic context is not a new one; it has been fundamental to the study of history since the 18th century and, arguably, earlier than that. Its core premise is that resources, properties, or happenings in history do not occur in a vacuum but rather are part of larger trends or patterns.

In order to decide whether a property is significant within its historic context, the following five things must be determined:

• The facet of prehistory or history of the local area, State, or the nation that the property represents; • Whether that facet of prehistory or history is significant; • Whether it is a type of property that has relevance and importance in illustrating the historic context; • How the property illustrates that history; and finally • Whether the property possesses the physical features necessary to convey the aspect of prehistory or history with which it is associated.

These five steps are discussed in detail below. If the property being evaluated does represent an important aspect of the area's history or prehistory and possesses the requisite quality of integrity, then it qualifies for the National Register.

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

HOW TO EVALUATE A PROPERTY WITHIN ITS HISTORIC CONTEXT

Identify what the property represents: the theme(s), geographical limits, and chronological period that provide a perspective from which to evaluate the property's significance.

Historic contexts are historical patterns that can be identified through consideration of the history of the property and the history of the surrounding area. Historic contexts may have already been defined in your area by the State historic preservation office, Federal agencies, or local governments. In accordance with the National Register Criteria, the historic context may relate to one of the following:

• An event, a series of events or activities, or patterns of an area's development (Criterion A); • Association with the life of an important person (Criterion B); • A building form, architectural style, engineering technique, or artistic values, based on a stage of physical development, or the use of a material or method of construction that shaped the historic identity of an area (Criterion C); or • A research topic (Criterion D).

Determine how the theme of the context is significant in the history of the local area, the State, or the nation.

A theme is a means of organizing properties into coherent patterns based on elements such as environment, social/ethnic groups, transportation networks, technology, or political developments that have influenced the development of an area during one or more periods of prehistory or history. A theme is considered significant if it can be demonstrated, through scholarly research, to be important in American history. Many significant themes can be found in the following list of Areas of Significance used by the National Register.

AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE

Agriculture Engineering Landscape Architecture Architecture Entertainment/Recreation Law Archeology Ethnic Heritage Literature Prehistoric Asian Maritime History Historic--Aboriginal Black Military Historic--Non-Aboriginal European Performing Arts Art Hispanic Philosophy Commerce Native American Politics/Government Communications Pacific Islander Religion Community Planning and Other Science

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

Development Exploration/Settlement Social History Conservation Health/Medicine Transportation Economics Industry Other Education Invention

Determine what the property type is and whether it is important in illustrating the historic context.

A context may be represented by a variety of important property types. For example, the context of "Civil War Military Activity in Northern Virginia" might be represented by such properties as: a group of mid-19th century fortification structures; an open field where a battle occurred; a knoll from which a general directed troop movements; a sunken transport ship; the residences or public buildings that served as company headquarters; a railroad bridge that served as a focal point for a battle; and earthworks exhibiting particular construction techniques.

Because a historic context for a community can be based on a distinct period of development, it might include numerous property types. For example, the context "Era of Industrialization in Grand Bay, Michigan, 1875 - 1900" could be represented by important property types as diverse as sawmills, paper mill sites, salt refining plants, flour mills, grain elevators, furniture factories, workers housing, commercial buildings, social halls, schools, churches, and transportation facilities.

A historic context can also be based on a single important type of property. The context "Development of County Government in Georgia, 1777-1861" might be represented solely by courthouses. Similarly, "Bridge Construction in Pittsburgh, 1870-1920" would probably only have one property type.

Determine how the property represents the context through specific historic associations, architectural or engineering values, or information potential (the Criteria for Evaluation).

For example, the context of county government expansion is represented under Criterion A by historic districts or buildings that reflect population growth, development patterns, the role of government in that society, and political events in the history of the State, as well as the impact of county government on the physical development of county seats. Under Criterion C, the context is represented by properties whose architectural treatments reflect their governmental functions, both practically and symbolically. (See Part VI: How to Identify the Type of Significance of a Property.)

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

Determine what physical features the property must possess in order for it to reflect the significance of the historic context.

These physical features can be determined after identifying the following:

• Which types of properties are associated with the historic context, • The ways in which properties can represent the theme, and • The applicable aspects of integrity.

Properties that have the defined characteristics are eligible for listing. (See Part VIII: How to Evaluate the Integrity of a Property.)

Properties Significant within More than One Historic Context

A specific property can be significant within one or more historic contexts, and, if possible, all of these should be identified. For example, a public building constructed in the 1830s that is related to the historic context of Civil War campaigns in the area might also be related to the theme of political developments in the community during the 1880s. A property is only required, however, to be documented as significant in one context.

Comparing Related Properties

Properties listed in the National Register must possess significance when evaluated in the perspective of their historic context. Once the historic context is established and the property type is determined, it is not necessary to evaluate the property in question against other properties if:

• It is the sole example of a property type that is important in illustrating the historic context or • It clearly possesses the defined characteristics required to be strongly representative of the context.

If these two conditions do not apply, then the property will have to be evaluated against other examples of the property type to determine its eligibility. The geographic level (local, State, or national) at which this evaluation is made is the same as the level of the historic context.

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

LOCAL, STATE, AND NATIONAL HISTORIC CONTEXTS

Historic contexts are found at a variety of geographical levels or scales. The geographic scale selected may relate to a pattern of historical development, a political division, or a cultural area. Regardless of the scale, the historic context establishes the framework from which decisions about the significance of related properties can be made.

Local Historic Contexts

A local historic context represents an aspect of the history of a town, city, county, cultural area, or region, or any portions thereof. It is defined by the importance of the property, not necessarily the physical location of the property. For instance, if a property is of a type found throughout a State, or its boundaries extend over two States, but its importance relates only to a particular county, the property would be considered of local significance.

The level of context of archeological sites significant for their information potential depends on the scope of the applicable research design. For example, a Late Mississippian village site may yield information in a research design concerning one settlement system on a regional scale, while in another research design it may reveal information of local importance concerning a single group's stone tool manufacturing techniques or house forms. It is a question of how the available information potential is likely to be used.

State Historic Contexts

Properties are evaluated in a State context when they represent an aspect of the history of the State as a whole (or American Samoa, the District of Columbia, the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, Guam, Puerto Rico, or the Virgin Islands). These properties do not necessarily have to belong to property types found throughout the entire State: they can be located in only a portion of the State's present political boundary. It is the property's historic context that must be important statewide. For example, the "cotton belt" extends through only a portion of Georgia, yet its historical development in the antebellum period affected the entire State. These State historic contexts may have associated properties that are statewide or locally significant representations. A cotton gin in a small town might be a locally significant representation of this context, while one of the largest cotton producing plantations might be of State significance.

A property whose historic associations or information potential appears to extend beyond a single local area might be significant at the State level. A property can be significant to more than one community or local area, however, without having achieved State significance.

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

A property that overlaps several State boundaries can possibly be significant to the State or local history of each of the States. Such a property is not necessarily of national significance, however, nor is it necessarily significant to all of the States in which it is located.

Prehistoric sites are not often considered to have "State" significance, per se, largely because States are relatively recent political entities and usually do not correspond closely to Native American political territories or cultural areas. Numerous sites, however, may be of significance to a large region that might geographically encompass parts of one, or usually several, States. Prehistoric resources that might be of State significance include regional sites that provide a diagnostic assemblage of artifacts for a particular cultural group or time period or that provide chronological control (specific dates or relative order in time) for a series of cultural groups.

National Historic Contexts

Properties are evaluated in a national context when they represent an aspect of the history of the United States and its territories as a whole. These national historic contexts may have associated properties that are locally or statewide significant representations, as well as those of national significance.

Properties designated as nationally significant and listed in the National Register are the prehistoric and historic units of the National Park System and those properties that have been designated National Historic Landmarks. The National Historic Landmark criteria are the standards for nationally significant properties; they are found in the Code of Federal Regulations, Title 36, Part 65 and are summarized in this bulletin in Part IX: Summary of National Historic Landmarks Criteria for Evaluation.

A property with national significance helps us understand the history of the nation by illustrating the nationwide impact of events or persons associated with the property, its architectural type or style, or information potential. It must be of exceptional value in representing or illustrating an important theme in the history of the nation.

Nationally significant properties do not necessarily have to belong to a property type found throughout the entire country: they can be located in only a portion of the present political boundaries. It is their historic context that must be important nationwide. For example, the American Civil War was fought in only a portion of the United States, yet its impact was nationwide. The site of a small military skirmish might be a locally significant representation of this national context, while the capture of the State's largest city might be a statewide significant representation of the national context.

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

When evaluating properties at the national level for designation as a National Historic Landmark, please refer to the National Historic Landmarks outline, History and Prehistory in the National Park System and the National Historic Landmarks Program 1987. (For more information about the National Historic Landmarks program, please write to the Department of the Interior, National Park Service, History Division, 1849 C St. NW, #2280, Washington, DC 20240.)

http://www.nps.gov/history/nr/publications/bulletins/nrb15/nrb15_5.htm

Standards for Evaluating the Effects of Projects on Environs Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect of Projects on Environs 1998 Edition (February 24, 1998)

“Environs” means the historic property’s associated surroundings and the elements or conditions which serve to characterize a specific place, neighborhood, district, or area. Generally, the boundary of “notice” will be recognized as the environs of a listed property or district. In some cases during identification of character-defining features, the environs may be determined to extend beyond the boundary of notice as set forth in K.S.A. 75-2715 – 75-2725, as amended.

1. The character of a historic property’s environs should be retained and preserved. The removal or alteration of distinctive buildings, structures, landscape features, spatial relationships, etc. that characterize the environs should be avoided.

2. The environs of a property should be used as it has been historically or allow the inclusion of new uses that require minimal change to the environs’ distinctive materials, features, and spatial relationships.

3. The environs of each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes to the environs that have acquired historic significance in their own right should be retained and preserved.

4. Demolition of character-defining buildings, structures, landscape features, etc. in a historic property’s environs should be avoided. When the severity of deterioration requires removal within the environs, compatible reconstruction shall occur.

5. Archeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

6. New additions, exterior alterations, infill construction, or related new construction should not destroy character-defining features or spatial relationships that characterize the environs of a property. The new work shall be compatible with the historic materials, character-defining features, size, scale and proportion, and massing of the environs.

7. Moved historic properties that have not retained or acquired historic significance in their new environs shall be considered as artifacts without environs.

http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect of Projects on Environs

Introduction

In an environs review the objective is to determine the impact of a proposed project on a listed property and its environs. While the issue of materials and design may be discussed in relationship to compatibility with the environs and impact on the listed property, personal opinions regarding the aesthetics of a proposed project are not germane.

Identify, Retain, and Preserve

Like the treatments for historic properties, guidance for environs review begins with the identification of the character-defining features of the environs, its historic and current character, and what must be retained in order to preserve that character. The character of a listed property’s environs may be defined by form, exterior materials, such as masonry, wood, or metal; exterior features and elements, such as roofs, porches, windows, or construction details; as well as size, scale and proportion, massing, spatial relationships, etc.

Protect, Maintain, Repair, and/or Replacement

After identifying those materials and features that are important, the effect of the proposed work on the environs of a listed property must be determined. Work that generally involves the least degree of intervention is recommended. Protecting historic features and materials through cyclical maintenance and repair lessens the need for replacement which is always the less preferable alternative and usually more costly. Substitute materials can be installed, when the degree of deterioration requires replacement, provided the substitution is compatible with the environs.

Alterations / Additions for the New Use

Interior alterations of properties within the environs of a listed property have little, if any, impact on the listed property. Exterior alterations of properties in the environs of a listed property are generally needed to assure continued use, but it is important that such alterations do not radically change, obscure, or destroy character-defining spaces, materials, features, and/or relationships. Alterations may include demolition of structure(s) and/or features, providing additional parking, modification of entries, installation of signs, or cyclical maintenance involving repairs with non-compatible materials.

The construction of additions is sometimes essential for the continued use of a property, but the addition should only be reviewed for its impact on the listed property and the environs. The line of sight between a listed property and a proposed project is often directly related to the impact of a project on the listed property. http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

I. DEMOLITION

Recommended

Retain the features that define the character of a listed property’s environs when possible.

When removal of a character-defining feature or structure is necessary, a new feature or structure that is compatible with the environs should be installed.

Not Recommended

Demolition of character-defining features or structures with no plans for compatible replacement features or structures.

Demolition of character-defining structure(s) with the intention of creating open space, such as a parking lot or park.

Demolition of character-defining structure(s) and replacement of it with a historic building moved to the site.

II. SIGNS

Recommended

Retain existing signs that characterize the environs of a listed property.

Replacement and new signs should be compatible and/or match the size and shape of signs in the environs.

Not Recommended

Removal of existing signs that characterize the environs of a listed property.

Installing new signs that are incompatible and/or inconsistent with the size, shape, and character of the signs that are typical in the environs.

III. ZONING

Recommended

Maintain zoning that continues the historic land use in the environs of a listed property.

When rezoning is required within the environs of a listed property, the impact of the rezoning should be considered the steps taken to mitigate adverse effects. http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

When replatting is necessary, all subsequent new construction should be compatible with the environs in relationship to the setbacks, form, size, scale, massing, etc.

Not Recommended

Rezoning to allow development that is incompatible and/or inconsistent with the character of the environs.

Speculative or spot rezoning without a well-defined use for the property that is compatible with the environs.

Any rezoning without design documents indicating the compatibility of the proposed new use, additions, and/or infill construction.

Replatting to facilitate new construction that is incompatible and/or inconsistent with the character of the environs of a listed property.

IV. EXTERIOR MODIFICATIONS TO STRUCTURES

Recommended

Retain existing features that characterize the environs of a listed property. When necessary, repair or replace deterioration to match original.

If roofs, porches, or other character-defining features are modified or added, they should be compatible and/or consistent with common or typical roofs, porches, or other features found in the environs of the listed property.

When replacement of features or materials is necessary, design of new features and selection of new materials should be compatible with and/or match the composition and appearance of features of materials being replaced.

Not Recommended

Additions that dominate the existing structure and/or the environs of the listed property.

Additions that destroy relationships between character-defining features of the listed property’s environs.

Additions that are not compatible and/or typical of the patterns, design, style, etc. already established in the environs of a listed property.

Additions that obstruct important views and vistas from or to the listed property. http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

V. ADDITIONS

Recommended

The scale of additions should not dominate the existing design patterns that characterize the environs of a listed property.

Additions should follow and/or be compatible with the patterns of setback, design, style, etc. that characterize the environs of the listed property.

Additions should be the same material and/ or compatible with the existing structure.

Not Recommended

Removal or alteration of features that characterize the environs of the listed property.

Replacement of materials with new materials that are not compatible and/or consistent with the types of materials that are common or typical in the environs.

Addition of features that are inconsistent and/or incompatible with the types of features that are common or typical of the environs.

VI. PARKING

Recommended

When possible maintain the parking patterns that characterize the environs of a listed property.

When new parking areas are required, design them to be consistent with the character of the environs and to intrude as little as possible.

Not Recommended

Wholesale modification of traditional, character-defining parking patterns.

Creation of new parking areas that are incompatible and/or inconsistent with the parking patterns that characterize the environs.

http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

VII. SITE MODIFICATIONS

Recommended

Retain landscape features, such as trees on lot lines or along the street and open spaces, that characterize the environs of a listed property. When necessary, replace diseased or storm-damaged vegetation with similar new plants.

Retain existing character-defining fences, retaining walls, exterior lighting, public utilities and amenities, etc. When necessary, repair or replace deterioration to match original.

When adding a fence, retaining wall, exterior lighting, public utilities and amenities, etc., use a design, materials, and locations that are compatible with and/or typical in the environs.

Retain existing streets and alleys, and the associated features such as curbs and curb cuts, when possible.

When existing streets, alleys, and features must be repaired or replaced, use materials and design that are compatible and/or match the existing.

Not Recommended

Removal of vegetation that characterizes the environs of a listed property.

Construction of new structures on planned or traditional open space that define the environs of the listed property.

Removal of existing character-defining fences, retaining walls, exterior lighting, public utilities and amenities, etc. from the environs of the listed property.

Replacement of existing (or installing new) character-defining fences, retaining walls, exterior lighting, public utilities and amenities, etc. with new features that are not compatible and/or consistent with the character of the environs.

Resurfacing, replacing, or adding new streets, alleys, and their associated features with materials and designs that are incompatible and or inconsistent with the environs.

http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

VIII. NEW / INFILL CONSTRUCTION

Recommended

New construction should relate to the setback, size, form, patterns, texture, materials, and color of the features that characterize the environs of listed properties.

Where there are inconsistent setbacks or varied patterns, the new construction should fall within the range of typical setbacks and patterns in the environs of the listed property.

Not Recommended

New construction that is inconsistent and/or not compatible with the character of the environs of the listed property.

New construction that destroys existing relationships within the environs of a listed property.

New construction that dominates the environs.

New construction that obstructs views or vistas from or to the listed property.

http://www.kshs.org/p/standards‐for‐evaluating‐the‐effects‐of‐projects‐on‐environs/15584

CITY OF LAWRENCE DOWNTOWN AREA DESIGN GUIDELINES

Including design guidelines and review criteria for THE DOWNTOWN CONSERVATION OVERLAY DISTRICT LAWRENCE’S DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT and ENVIRONS

Lawrence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Commission Lawrence Historic Resources Commission

Lawrence, Kansas

October 2008

ABOUT THE COVER

Cover illustration: 1908 view of downtown Lawrence, looking Southwest.

Adapted from Dary, David, Pictorial History of Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas. Lawrence, KS: Allen Books, 1992.

The Downtown Area Design Guidelines and supporting materials are available on the Law- rence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Office web site: www.lawrenceks.org/pds

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Thanks are due to the following who helped This project was funded in make these Design Guidelines possible: part with federal funds from the National Park Service, a Mayor division of the United States Department of the Interior, Michael Dever and administered by the Kansas State Historical So- City Manager ciety. David Corliss

Lawrence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Office Scott McCullough, Director Planning & Development Services Lynne Braddock-Zollner, Historic Resources Administrator

The City of Lawrence Historic Resources Commission Jay Antle, Anne M. Marvin, Jody Meyer, Michael Sizemore (Chair), Matt Veatch, Allen Wiechart, Sean Williams

The City of Lawrence Information Systems Department

Special thanks for contributions by Dr. Dennis Domer, Ph.D., Baldwin, Kansas Preservation Services and Technology Group, LLC

Originally compiled and approved in 2001 by the Downtown Design Guidelines Task Force

Reviewed and approved by the Historic Resources Commission (2001) Virgil W. Dean, Ernie Eck, Sandra Craig McKenzie, Jeff Messick, Michael Morley, Kent Smalter, Paul Stuewe

Lawrence-Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Office (2001) Dennis Enslinger, Historic Resources Administrator/ Planner II

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART ONE — DESIGN REVIEW IN DOWNTOWN LAWRENCE Introduction...... 1 About this Document ...... 3 Purpose of Design Guidelines...... 5 Goals of Design Review ...... 7 Design Review Basics...... 9 Map: Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District National Register ...... 13 Map: The Downtown Conservation Overlay District...... 15 Map: Composite Design Review Applicability Area ...... 17 Review Procedure Fundamentals...... 19 Graphic: Overview of the Review Process ...... 21

PART TWO — PRINCIPLES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA 1. Design Review Principles and Applicability ...... 24 2. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation...... 26 3. Standards and Guidelines for Evaluation of the Effects of Projects on Environs...... 28 4. General Urban Design Principles ...... 30 5. Street and Landscape Elements ...... 32 6. Block Elements...... 34 7. New Construction ...... 38 8. Additions ...... 42 9. Detached Building Forms...... 44 10. Building Materials...... 46 11. Commercial Storefronts and Street Level Facades...... 48 12. Upper Story Facades...... 50 13. Secondary and Rear Facades...... 52 14. Office, Institutional, Utility, and Other Buildings...... 54 15. Architectural Details, Ornamentation, and Cornices...... 56 16. Rooflines and Parapets ...... 58 17. Awnings, Canopies, and Marquees ...... 60 18. Signs and Signage ...... 64 19. Lighting ...... 68 20. Parking ...... 70 21. Safety and Accessibility Features ...... 72 22. Utilities and Energy Retrofit...... 74 23. Demolition ...... 76

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART THREE — SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

Purpose ...... 80 General ...... 81 Usable Sidewalk Area...... 81 Elevation and Other Design Consideration...... 82 Operation of Area ...... 83 Site Plan Submittal Requirements...... 84

PART FOUR — APPENDIX

Historic District — Contributing & Non-contributing Properties...... 87 Conservation Overlay District — Historic Properties ...... 90 Conservation Overlay District — Non-Contributing Properties...... 91 Figure Credits ...... 92 Glossary of Terms ...... 93 Certificate of Appropriateness Application Form...... 109

iv.

INTRODUCTION

PART ONE — DESIGN REVIEW IN DOWNTOWN LAW- RENCE

INTRODUCTION Principles for Stewardship in Downtown Lawrence

he City of Lawrence has long recognized the value of preserving the T distinct architectural and urban character of its downtown area. His- torically, the geographic areas defined by the Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, and Vermont Street corridors from the Kansas River to South Park expressed and embodied the cultural, commercial, social, and civic heart of the City.

The downtown area possesses diverse, yet cohesive physical attributes that collectively serve to illuminate periods of the City’s historic development, and that contribute to its overall character. One of the most visible attrib- utes is the remarkably consistent pattern of urban-commercial buildings, wide streets, and alleyways that were constructed over extended periods of time. On block after block we still find dense rows of two and three story, brick or stone buildings with elaborate cornice treatments, upper story of- fices or residences, and first-floor retail storefronts. Taller, more massive buildings create visual emphasis at select block corners. Alleyways cut be- tween or pass behind buildings, permitting easy pedestrian access and al- lowing services or deliveries to occur ‘off-stage.’

Figure 1: 1913 view of downtown Lawrence from Ninth and Massachusetts streets. 1 INTRODUCTION

Today, a significant portion of these buildings stand as historical reminders of Lawrence’s development patterns. They have become indelible physical expres- sions of the idea of ‘Downtown Lawrence.’ They represent resources, and ideas, that residents and City leadership have agreed are well worth protecting.

At the same time, Lawrencians acknowledge the practical need to accommo- date alterations or additions to the downtown area, with the aim of retaining and enhancing the City’s economic viability, and to meet continuing or chang- ing uses.

These Guidelines provide property owners with some background information about downtown Lawrence’s historic buildings, their distinctive characteristics, and how to best treat them; they suggest appropriate ways to address design, rehabilitation, and new construction issues in compliance with local and state regulations; and they suggest acceptable maintenance practices.

Figure 2. Detail from the 1858 Wheeler map. 2

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

ABOUT THIS DOCUMENT

his document represents a revision and expansion of the “Downtown T Design Guidelines” that apply to the Conservation Overlay District and were adopted by the City on September 5, 2001 (Administrative Policy number AP-82).

At that time, Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District (see map, Figure X) had not yet been nominated to the National Register of Historic Places. The historic district’s nomination to the National Register in 2004 introduced two new requirements: first, that all exterior alteration, construction, or demolition proposals inside its boundaries be reviewed for appropriateness against the U.S. Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation, in addition to any other standards; and second, that projects within the environs of the historic district also be assessed for their impact.

Thus some important goals of this 2007 revision are:

• To acknowledge and account for the presence of Lawrence’s Down- town Historic District, now listed in the National Register of Historic Places;

• To incorporate The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation into the guidelines and design review processes;

• To establish standards for design review that are applicable to the Con- servation Overlay District, the Downtown Historic District, and the Historic District environs;

• To illustrate the geographic boundaries within which proposed projects are subject to design review;

• To help clarify and simplify understanding of the laws, policies, and standards to which design review oversight in downtown Lawrence must comply.

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PURPOSE OF DESIGN GUIDELINES

PURPOSE OF DESIGN GUIDELINES

The purpose of the City of Lawrence Downtown Area Design Guidelines is to pro- vide guidance and information for property owners who propose to under- take renovation, rehabilitation, maintenance, new construction, or demoli- tion projects within the boundaries of the Downtown Urban Conservation Overlay District (see map, Figure X).

In addition, these Downtown Area Design Guidelines establish review cri- teria and provide direction for projects that fall within the boundaries of Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District and its environs (see maps, Figures X and X).

In sum, the Downtown Design Guidelines were developed to satisfy three main purposes:

1. To ensure that development in the downtown area, including new con- struction as well as exterior alterations to existing build- Design review in Law- ings, takes place in such a way rence is intended to promote the as to maintain and enhance Lawrence’s unique character conservation and preservation of and scale. the City’s historic resources while “ encouraging creative, lasting, and 2. To provide City staff and His- toric Resources Commission appropriate downtown members with criteria upon improvements. which to base decisions when issuing Certificates of Appro- priateness. — Mayor Sue Hack

3. To provide design guidance to property owners, architects, or developers who plan to build, demolish, or make exte- rior changes to buildings within the downtown area.

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GOALS OF DESIGN REVIEW

GOALS OF DESIGN REVIEW

The City recognizes the following goals of design review for the downtown area:

1. To meet the requirements of Kansas State Law as set forth in K.S.A. 75-2724 and any amendments hereafter, and Chapter 22 of the City of Lawrence Code and any amendments hereafter related to environs re- view.

2. To foster and maintain Lawrence’s economic viability by preserving the existing character and fabric of the downtown area while encour- aging development and/or improvements that complement its historic character.

3. To regulate exterior scale, massing, design, arrangement, texture, and materials within the downtown area in order to promote compatibility with the downtown’s existing architectural character.

4. To preserve and protect the historic and/or architectural value of buildings or other structures listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the Register of Historic Kansas Places, and the Lawrence Reg- ister of Historic Places.

5. To maintain and enhance the unique identity of Downtown Lawrence.

6. To build upon historic character and foster diversity while meeting the goals of Horizon 2020 to increase the density of the downtown area.

7 GOALS OF DESIGN REVIEW

The guidelines are not meant to dictate design choices or serve as a check- list for “good” design. They are not meant to force new development into narrowly-defined molds that would recreate only turn of the century archi- tectural forms. Nor are they intended to be applied in such a stringent man- ner as to prevent creative or contemporary design alternatives.

However, it is the intent of these architectural and urban design guidelines to provide the regulatory authority to ensure that new construction and renovation of existing structures is 1) consistent with Downtown Law- rence’s character-defining elements; and 2), compliant with National, State, and local laws regulating the protection of historic properties against ad- verse impact.

Property owners should use the Downtown Area Design Guidelines as a basis for making informed design or material choices in advance of propos- ing alterations to properties. It is the City’s conviction that abiding by the principles set forth in these guidelines will enhance and maintain the his- toric character of Lawrence while promoting increased values and growth.

Figure 3: 800 block of Massachusetts Street, mid-1950s. 8

DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

Where Does Design Review Apply?

To avoid the potential for confusion, it is of critical importance that all par- ties to the design review processes—property owners, City staff, and His- toric Resource Commission members—understand the geographic areas within which design review is required, which policies or ordinances establish the regulating authority, and which standards and criteria apply.

More information is available at the web sites of the Kansas State Histori- In downtown Lawrence, there are multiple means of cal Society (www.kshs.org) and the recognizing or designating properties as historic, and Lawrence-Douglas County multiple layers of regulation in place around them. Metropolitan Planning Office Some regulation is attached at the National level, (www.lawrenceks.org/pds). some at the State level, and some at the local level. In turn, there are multiple geographic areas within which design regulation is required.

National, State, and Local Registers For instance, there are three ‘Registers’ upon which an individual property or historic district may be individually listed:

— the National Register of Historic Places (U.S. National Park Service) — the Register of Historic Kansas Places — the Lawrence Register of Historic Places

The aim of each Register is to identify, acknowledge, interpret, and preserve buildings, sites, or structures deemed to be historically, architecturally, cul- turally, or aesthetically significant in the history of the nation, Kansas or the City. Design review requirements differ slightly for each; these are outlined in the next section.

The Downtown Urban Conservation Overlay District (Lawrence) The Downtown Urban Conservation Overlay District was established in August-September 2001 (Ordinance 7395 and Administrative Policy AP- 82). It is unlike the above in that it does not constitute a ‘register’ of historic properties at all, but is a City-adopted zoning designation. It was established with ‘historic preservation’ as only part of its emphasis. While the Conserva- tion Overlay District and its attendant Design Guidelines require property owners to respect the historic fabric of downtown, it also addresses regula- tion of ‘non-historic’ but important character-defining elements as treat-

9 DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

ment of green spaces, street and alleyway patterns, landscaping, parking, infill construction, pedestrian amenities, and building heights. Its goal is to maintain and build upon Lawrence’s existing urban character and suc- cessful pedestrian orientation.

Review Requirements for National or State Register Properties Kansas State law (K.S.A. 75-2724 ) requires that all projects involving proper- ties listed in national or state registers and their environs be reviewed by the State Historic Preservation Office. In downtown Lawrence, the “environs” of a historic property is defined as any area within 500 feet of a listed historic property.

Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District While it contains properties that are individually listed in the National Reg- ister (e.g., the Eldridge Hotel building), Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District, established in 2004, is itself a National Register-listed ‘property’ (see Figure 5). Thus, design review is required not only for all properties located within its boundaries, but also for properties that lie within 500 feet of any part of it (its environs).

Projects inside the boundaries of the Downtown Historic District are re- viewed against the Secretary of Interior's Standards for Rehabilitation (see page 27).

For properties located outside the Historic District boundaries, but within its environs, projects are reviewed against the Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect of Projects on Environs (see page XX).

Review Requirements for Properties listed on the Lawrence Register Properties that are listed on the Lawrence Register of Historic Places are subject to the provisions of Chapter 22 of the City Ordinance (CONSERVATION OF HISTORIC RESOURCES CODE). Design review standards for local register properties are included in the Code. Review is also re- quired within a buffer (environs) area around local register properties; the environs is 250 feet.

Requirements for Properties Inside the Conservation Overlay Dis- trict Before any project that requires a permit can proceed, a Certificate of Ap- propriateness must be obtained for any property within the boundaries of the Conservation District Overlay. Projects involving changes to the exte-

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riors of existing buildings, including alterations, new construction, or demo- lition actions, are reviewed by Planning department staff or the regular meeting of the ad hoc committee.

NOTE There is no ‘buffer’ or ‘environs’ review for the Conservation Overlay District.

However, the area is nearly entirely covered by either the Historic District or its environs.

Consequently, all design review within the Conservation Overlay Dis- trict must meet the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards, the standards set forth in Chapter 22 of the City Codes, and the standards included in this document.

Levels of Review Typically, the most stringent level of evaluation is applied when projects directly involve properties that are individually listed on the National or State Registers. Less scrutiny is applied to projects in their environs. A property’s proximity to a listed property is factored into the evaluation.

In turn, standards for evaluation typically decrease if a property is consid- ered a “non-contributing“ resource (see maps and Appendix).

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DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

LAWRENCE’S DOWNTOWN HISTORIC DISTRICT

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Figure 5: Boundaries for Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District (National Register, 2004) 13 This page intentionally left blank.

DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

DOWNTOWN CONSERVATION OVERLAY DISTRICT

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Figure 6: Boundaries for the Downtown Conservation Overlay District. There is no ‘buffer’ or environs. 15 This page intentionally left blank.

DESIGN REVIEW BASICS

COMPOSITE DESIGN REVIEW APPLICABILITY AREA

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J N Figure 7: Composite map showing environs of the historic district. The buffer within which state-mandated design review must occur covers nearly all of the Conservation Overlay District, apart from two small areas at the extreme Northern end. Thus, design review in the Conservation Overlay District must satisfy evaluation standards at National, State, and local levels. 17 This page intentionally left blank.

REVIEW PROCEDURE FUNDAMENTALS

REVIEW PROCEDURE FUNDAMENTALS

In Downtown Lawrence, the general rule is straightforward: if you own, rent, or lease property within the boundaries of the Conservation Overlay District, you must apply for, and obtain, a Certificate of Appropriateness (COA) prior to any construction, alteration, rehabilitation, repair, or demolition that will involve exterior changes to your property that require a permit. City Staff, in conjunction with the Historic Resources Commis- sion, reviews all applications and evaluates each project for appropriate- ness.

CERTIFICATES OF APPROPRIATENESS A "Certificate of Appropriateness" is a design permit. It is issued by the Lawrence Historic Resources Commission based on review and approval of any construction, alteration, demolition, or removal of a structure or part of a structure within an historic district, local historic landmark, or property located within the environs of a listed property. Property owners must obtain a Certificate of Appropriateness before proceeding with any work.

Applications for Certificates of Appropriateness are evaluated in the following categories:

CERTIFIED LOCAL GOVERNMENT REVIEW for HISTORIC PROPERTIES “Certified Local Government Review” is required by, and subject to the provisions of Kansas State Law K.S.A. 75-2715-2725. This level of review is conducted by Lawrence’s Historic Resources Commission on behalf of the State Historic Preservation Office. It applies to National- or State-registered historic properties.

CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS REVIEW for HISTORIC PROPERTIES “Certificate of Appropriateness Review” is required by Chapter 22, Conservation of Historic Resources Code of the City of Lawrence. This level of review is conducted by the Historic Resources Commis- sion and applies to locally-registered historic properties (i.e., those on the Lawrence Register).

19 REVIEW PROCEDURE FUNDAMENTALS

CERTIFICATE OF APPROPRIATENESS REVIEW for the CONSERVATION OVERLAY DISTRICT This is sometimes called “Design Guidelines Certificate.” It is re- quired by, and subject to the provisions of Ordinance 7395 and Administrative Policy AP-82 of the City of Lawrence. This level of review is conducted by administrative staff of the Lawrence- Douglas County Metropolitan Planning Department, under the direction of the Historic Resources Administrator. It is applied to properties inside the boundaries of the Conservation Overlay Dis- trict. This document comprises the standards for review.

A Certificate of Appropriateness application, and instructions for complet- ing the materials, may be obtained by contacting the Lawrence/Douglas County Planning Office on the 1st floor of City Hall, 6 E. 6th Street or by calling 832-3159. A copy is also included in the Appendix. Only one complete The Historic Resources Administrator application for a determines whether a project is "major" Certificate of or "minor." Generally, a minor project is Appropriateness any maintenance, repair, replacement that uses materials which are identical to should be submit- the original or existing materials. A ma- ted for a project. jor project is one that uses materials that are different than the existing, or A copy of the application changes in appearance to the structure form is included in the Ap- such as additions or modifications. pendix. Minor projects may be approved by the Historic Resources Administrator and a building permit may be obtained from Development Services.

Major projects must be approved by the Lawrence Historic Resources Commis- sion (HRC) at its regular monthly meet- ing. Meetings are generally held on the third Thursday of the month in the City Commission Room of City Hall (1st floor, 6 E. 6th Street).

The HRC may approve, approve with conditions or deny an application. Ap- peals of the HRC's determinations may be made to the City Commission.

20

OVERVIEW OF THE REVIEW PROCESS

PROJECT PROPOSED

A request to alter a property within the COD is submitted. A building or demolition permit is required. City Staff reviews proposal.

Minor project Major project

Proposal is forwarded to the HRC. Appropriate Not Appropriate City Staff determines that City Staff determines that the proposed project the project does not meet meets the standards of the standards of review. review, with or without conditions.

Applicant revises Proposal is HRC Review project to meet forwarded to the The Historic Resources standards. HRC. Commission (HRC) reviews the proposal.

Not Appropriate HRC determines that the project does not meet the standards of review.

APPROVED Appropriate Revision HRC determines that the Applicant revises project to A Certificate of Appropri- proposed project meets meet standards. ateness (COA) is issued the standards of review, to the applicant, with or with or without conditions. without conditions.

The project may proceed. APPEAL The applicant appeals the HRC decision.

5-Day Waiting Period CITY COMMISSION HEARING City Commission holds a public hearing to determine if there are feasible and prudent alternatives and if all possible planning has APPEAL UPHELD been done to mitigate effects on the listed property.*

* The State Historic Preservation APPEAL DENIED DENIED Office may be consulted for its opinion. No COA is issued.

The project may not proceed. 21 This page intentionally left blank.

PART TWO

CITY OF LAWRENCE DOWNTOWN AREA DESIGN GUIDELINES

PRINCIPLES, STANDARDS, AND CRITERIA

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DESIGN REVIEW PRINCIPLES AND APPLICABILITY

1. DESIGN REVIEW PRINCIPLES AND APPLICABILITY

The following design principles, standards, and criteria shall apply to all projects proposed within the boundaries of the Downtown Urban Conservation Overlay District.

1.1. These guidelines serve to establish criteria for City Staff and Historic Resources Commission members in evaluating applications for Certificates of Appropriateness. They also serve as a guide for property owners in formulating projects.

1.2. These guidelines apply only to the exterior of buildings and to portions of existing and proposed buildings that would be visible at the pedestrian level from public rights-of-way, including alleyways.

1.3. Staff uses these guidelines to review proposed projects in a consistent, fair and timely manner. If staff believes a proposed project does not meet the intent of the guidelines, the applicant may appeal to the City Commission.

1.4. Given the architectural variety and multiple building uses in the Downtown area, review of proposed alterations and new construction is conducted on a case- by-case basis.

1.5. Nothing in this document shall be construed to prevent the routine maintenance or repair of any exterior elements of any building or structure, nor shall anything in this document be construed to prevent the construction, reconstruction, alteration or demolition of any such elements which the City of Lawrence shall certify as required for In addition to private development projects, public safety. design review applies to public projects, such as streetscape improvements. 1.6. Buildings that contain original, character- defining features shall be more carefully reviewed than those buildings that do not retain their architectural integrity.

24 DESIGN REVIEW PRINCIPLES AND APPLICABILITY

1.7. While economic costs are not a primary factor in the review process, economic cost will be considered in relation to the adherence to these guidelines.

1.8. Individual guidelines are often stated in absolute terms such as “Buildings ... shall be constructed to zero front and side lot lines.” Just as compatible design consists of individual building elements in a larger building envelope, these design guidelines are viewed as a collective document and not as independent statements.

1.9. It is understood that a project might not meet every guideline in order to conform to the document’s intent.

1.10. It is not the intent of this document to require existing buildings to always be in full compliance with these guidelines. Existing buildings that contain nonconforming elements are encouraged to make alterations that will improve the overall appearance of the building. As non- conforming buildings are altered, the proposed alterations shall be in compliance with this document.

1.11. Designs and changes approved or rejected elsewhere in the Conservation Overlay District do not necessarily act as a precedent for other designs or changes under consideration. All proposals will be considered individually based on their own merit and unique situation within the zoning district.

1.12. City Staff and the Historic Resources Commission have the authority and discretion to examine the whole situation, or extenuating circumstances, and approve projects that do not meet the letter of these guidelines. Where exceptions are granted, staff will clearly document the reasons.

1.13. Staff and the commission will attempt to be consistent and non-arbitrary in rulings pertaining to Certificates of Appropriateness.

25

SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

2. THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

For all buildings, sites, structures, and properties within the Conserva- tion Overlay District that also fall within the Downtown Historic Dis- trict, the Historic Resources Commission shall apply the following crite- ria, developed by the U.S. Secretary of the Interior, to all proposed pro- jects.

2.1. A property shall be used for its historic purpose or be placed in a new use that requires minimal change to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment.

2.2. The historic character of a property shall be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alteration of features and spaces that characterize a property shall be avoided.

2.3. Each property shall be recognized as a physical record of its time, place and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings, shall not be undertaken.

2.4. Most properties change over time; those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained The Secretary of the Interior’s and preserved. Standards for Rehabilitation outlines key rules to follow when renovating or 2.5. Distinctive features, finishes, restoring a historic building. and construction techniques or examples of craftsmanship that characterize a historic property shall be preserved.

2.6. Deteriorated historic features shall be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, and other visual qualities, and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be substantiated by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. 26 SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR'S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION

2.7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible.

2.8. Significant archeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken

2.9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing, size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment.

2.10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired.

Details such as brick corbelling, raised belt courses, or inset panels should be retained.

27 STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF PROJECTS ON ENVIRONS

3. THE KANSAS SHPO’S STANDARDS AND GUIDELINES FOR EVALUATING THE EFFECT OF PROJECTS ON ENVIRONS For all buildings, sites, structures and properties within the Conservation Overlay District that also fall within the environs of the Downtown His- toric district, the Historic Resources Commission shall apply the follow- ing criteria to all proposed projects.

3.1. The character of a historic property's environs should be retained and preserved. The removal or alteration of distinctive buildings, structures, landscape features, spatial relationships, etc. that characterize the environs should be avoided.

3.2. Environs should be used as it has been historically or allow the inclusion of new uses that require The map on page 17 indicates the minimal change to the environs' environs for the Downtown Historic distinctive materials, features, and District. Properties inside the Conservation Overlay District fall spatial relationships. within these areas. 3.3. The environs of each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes to the environs that have acquired historic significance in their own right should be retained and preserved.

3.4. Demolition of character-defining buildings, structures, landscape features, etc. in a historic property's environs should be avoided. When the severity of deterioration requires removal within the environs, compatible reconstruction shall occur.

3.5. Archeological resources will be protected and preserved in place. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken.

3.6. New additions, exterior alterations, infill construction, or related new construction should not destroy character-defining features or spatial relationships that characterize the environs of a property. The new work shall be compatible with the historic materials, character-defining features, size, scale and proportion, and massing of the environs.

3.7. Moved historic properties that have not retained or acquired historic significance in their new environs shall be considered as artifacts without environs. 28 This page intentionally left blank.

GENERAL URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

4. GENERAL URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

In addition to the goal of preserving the historic architectural fabric and char- acter of the Downtown Area, projects are expected to meet the following community expectations for new development and redevelopment in Down- town Lawrence.

4.1. Promote pedestrian-oriented urban forms. Because downtown Lawrence is urban, not suburban, the City will favorably review proposals that focus on promoting pedestrian- scale, urban forms of development consistent with the area’s historic urban character. Creating a walkable, mixed-use, high-density, central city district supports sustainable development by providing an alternative to lower-density development in peripheral areas. Developers are expected to make compromises that will maintain the Downtown character and urban quality desired.

Attractive, easily-accessible ground- 4.2. Maximize connectivity and access. level amenities for pedestrians are Downtown Lawrence must remain a place in critical to maintaining economic and which residents, workers, and visitors may social vibrancy in the downtown. conveniently walk, drive, bike, or ride to destinations within and outside of the downtown area. Proposals that promote ‘walkability’ while also ensuring accessibility for all residents and visitors, including those with disabilities, will be favorably reviewed.

4.3. Encourage adaptive reuse and support the preservation of historically significant buildings. Downtown Lawrence includes historically significant buildings that should be incorporated into new development projects. Proposals that encourage preservation and adaptive reuse of significant buildings are favorably reviewed. Historically significant buildings are important in defining the character of 4.4. Encourage creativity, architectural the district. diversity, and exceptional design. Downtown Lawrence’s design review process

30 GENERAL URBAN DESIGN PRINCIPLES

is intended to be flexible, encouraging creativity and high-quality design while discouraging uniformity. Because the most successful and memorable urban environments are those in which walking down the street is appealing, streetscapes, alleyways, parks, and other public spaces should be comfortable and inviting. Buildings fronting those spaces should be active and visually interesting at the pedestrian level. Within the limits of these guidelines, the City encourages diversity in the range of square footages and building frontages.

4.5. Encourage the integration of public art into public and private development. Appropriate public art should be integrated into architecture, streetscapes, and public spaces. The City encourages public art that will enhance the built environment and contribute to the area’s success in attracting new residents and businesses. However, public art shall be compatible in size, scale, and placement within the district.

4.6. Emphasize strong, mixed-use core activity development along Massachusetts Street and east/west streets. The City will favorably review projects that allow for high- density, mixed-use development such as combinations of retail, office, institutional, and residential uses, while also preserving downtown’s established scale and character. Densities are expected to be greater along Massachusetts

Street and less dense along peripheral streets. Massachusetts Street blocks should be anchored with significant structures at the corners, with an emphasis on retail uses at the street level.

4.7. Maintain existing Downtown vehicular, streetscape, and pedestrian traffic patterns. Massachusetts Street should be maintained as a commercial, pedestrian- activity oriented corridor, with Vermont and New Hampshire defining the major vehicular movement patterns. Projects that adhere to this principle, and that encourage the use of alleys to separate service and deliveries from primary streets, will be favorably reviewed.

4.8. Promote safety and appeal through appropriate boundaries and transitions. The City encourages the use of gateways, markers, curb treatments, low walls or railings, decorative pavers, planters, trees, lighting, and other landscaping elements that serve to visually and physically separate use spaces (e.g., between parking areas or between institutional and commercial properties). Projects that include such buffers to enhance safety and aesthetic appeal will be favorably reviewed.

31

STREET AND LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

5. STREET AND LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

The existing grid layout of streets and alleyways and other development patterns such as zero-building setbacks were established early in Law- rence’s development and are important characteristics of the Downtown. Over time, additional development patterns that contribute to the charac- ter of its downtown, such as landscaping elements along Massachusetts Street, have been established. Retention of these patterns is important in maintaining the Downtown’s visual character, identity, and appeal.

5.1. Existing street patterns and layout shall be maintained. Closure of existing streets or alleyways shall not be permitted.

5.2. Alleyways shall be maintained for vehicular and/or pedestrian traffic.

5.3. Accent paving shall be used at intersections and mid-block crossings.

5.4. Street trees and pedestrian-scale lighting shall be an integral part of the streetscape.

5.5. Existing landscaping features such as raised planters and street trees shall be maintained.

5.6. A curbed or non-curbed landscape bed shall separate the street and the pedestrian sidewalk.

5.7. Landscape strips shall be centered around required street trees.

5.8. An irrigation system shall be provided for all plant materials in the landscape bed.

5.9. An agreement to participate in a benefit district for streetscape improvements may be executed in lieu Lawrence’s historic grid pattern has of immediate improvements. been in place since the earliest nineteenth century plats.

32 STREET AND LANDSCAPE ELEMENTS

Pedestrian-oriented design produces overall compositions characterized by architectural scales, massing, materials, and elements that create a visual and spatial richness of experience attuned for people traveling on foot.

33

BLOCK ELEMENTS

6. BLOCK ELEMENTS

The existing late nineteenth and early- to mid-twentieth century struc- tures in Downtown Lawrence complement and reinforce one another through repeated and rhythmic building patterns, giving the blocks a consistent, organized appearance. By historic development, dense rows of two and three story commercial storefront buildings, anchored by lar- ger structures on the block corners, make up the single most identifying characteristic of downtown Lawrence’s primary corridor. The majority of later, non-historic buildings participate in these traditional patterns as well. Maintaining the current visual and physical relatedness among ex- isting and new buildings is important to enhancing the character and ap- peal of Downtown Lawrence.

6.1. Buildings should have retail and commercial uses at street level.

6.2. The main or primary entrance to buildings shall be oriented toward the primary street. For instance, if a building fronts Massachusetts Street, the main entrance shall face Massachusetts Street. Likewise, if a building faces 7th Street, the main entrance shall face 7th Street.

6.3. Corner buildings may have entrance doors that face the intersection or both streets.

6.4. Buildings located on corner sites are considered anchor buildings and their building form should reflect this designation. Anchor buildings should be larger in scale and massing, and more Corner entryways are ornate than adjacent permitted at intersections

infill buildings.

6.5. Buildings located on corner sites shall have a primary facade and a secondary facade. For instance, the building located at 8th and Vermont Street has a primary facade along 8th Street and a secondary facade along Vermont Street.

34 BLOCK ELEMENTS

6.6. Buildings that are adjacent to parking areas or structures shall have the main or primary entrance on the street-facing elevation. A secondary or minor entrance may be provided on the parking lot elevation.

6.7. Buildings shall reflect the existing topography by providing “stepping down” of the facade. The “stepping down” of a facade helps maintain a sense of pedestrian scale.

6.8. Buildings fronting Massachusetts Street shall be constructed to zero front and side lot lines. Exceptions may be made for architectural features such as recessed or projecting entryways and balconies.

6.9. Buildings fronting Massachusetts Street should have commercial/retail components at the storefront level.

6.10. Buildings fronting Massachusetts Street should reflect the prevailing party-wall construction pattern, with adjacent buildings sharing a common party-wall.

6.11. Buildings fronting Vermont and New Hampshire Streets should be constructed to zero front and side lot lines.

6.12. Buildings fronting Numbered Streets (7th, 8th, etc.) shall be constructed

35

BLOCK ELEMENTS

to zero front and side lot lines. Exceptions may be made for architectural features such as recessed or projecting entries and balconies. Exceptions may be made for detached building forms which are traditionally set back from the property line.

6.13. Storefronts should respect the 25-foot or 50-foot development pattern ratios that prevail. Upper story facades may vary from this pattern but must unify the building as a whole.

6.14. Buildings shall maintain the pattern of multiple-story buildings throughout the downtown area. Existing non-contributing, non-historic, one-story buildings should be considered for compatible redevelopment.

6.15. Buildings shall maintain a distinction between upper stories and the street-level facade.

6.16. For buildings that provide a separate upper-story entrance on the exterior facade, the street level use entrance should be the primary focus of the building facade while entrances for upper story uses shall be a secondary feature of the building facade.

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NEW CONSTRUCTION

7. NEW CONSTRUCTION

Designs for new and infill construction must adhere to the patterns that prevail among nearby or adjacent structures. Pattern is defined as the arrangement of form and the disposition of a building’s parts or ele- ments.

The following guidelines for new construction are intended to ensure that the Downtown area’s architectural and material vocabulary is re- spected. The height, proportion, roof shape, materials, texture, scale, details, massing, and color of a proposed building must be compatible with existing buildings in the district. However, compatible contempo- rary designs, rather than historic duplications or simulations, are encour- aged.

7.1. New infill buildings should be multistory in height, up to and within appropriate limits.

7.2. The height of a new building must be in acceptable proportion to its width, following patterns and proportions established by existing structures; likewise, story-to-story heights must be appropriate.

7.3. The height of new buildings and additions shall relate to the prevailing heights of nearby buildings. New construction that greatly varies in height from adjacent buildings shall not be permitted.

7.4. Buildings on the interior of a continuous block face should be no more than one story taller than adjacent structures. Buildings on corners must be larger in scale than adjacent structures.

7.5. A building’s overall proportion (ratio of height to width) must be consistent with existing historic structures.

7.6. Storefront- and/or display-style windows must be included in all retail developments at the street level on the primary facade.

7.7. Corner buildings shall be a minimum of two-stories in height; taller buildings are encouraged at corner locations.

7.8. In cases of infill construction, the width of a building’s façade should fill the entire available space.

7.9. Facade widths for new buildings and additions should correspond with other building widths in the same block. On Massachusetts Street, widths 38 NEW CONSTRUCTION

are typically built to increments of 25 feet.

7.10. If a site is large, the mass of a new building’s facade should be broken into a number of smaller bays to maintain a rhythm similar to surrounding buildings. This is particularly true for storefront level facade elements.

7.11. The size and proportion of window and door openings on a new building should be similar to other buildings in the block.

7.12. The ratio of window area to solid wall for new construction shall be similar to other buildings in the block.

7.13. New construction shall be built with party-wall construction methods. Exceptions will be made for detached governmental, civic, or institutional buildings and when required by residential egress requirements.

New buildings should always be located in such a way as to establish a continuous edge or face with the rest of a block.

7.14. The composition of an infill facade (that is, the scale, massing, and organization of its constituent parts) shall be similar to the composition of surrounding facades in the block.

7.15. The setback of a proposed building shall be consistent with the setback of adjacent buildings, and/or with nearby buildings fronting on the same street. Buildings must be placed with the express goal of continuing the 39 NEW CONSTRUCTION

overall building line of a streetscape.

7.16. Rhythms that carry throughout a block (such as the patterns, placement, sizes, and spans of windows, doors, etc.) shall be sustained and incorporated into new facades.

Repeated massing elements create a distinct rhythm along a streetscape.

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ADDITIONS

8. ADDITIONS

The introduction of additions compatible with historic buildings in Downtown Lawrence is acceptable as long as the addition does not visu- ally overpower the original building, compromise its historic character, or destroy significant features and materials.

TOO LOW TOO HIGH

TOO MASSIVE APPROPRIATE

By placing additions on inconspicuous elevations and limiting their size and height, the integrity of existing buildings can be maintained. The compatibility of proposed additions with historic buildings in downtown Lawrence will be reviewed in terms of mass, scale, materials, texture, color, roof form, and the proportion and spacing of windows and doors.

8.1. The size and the scale of additions shall not visually overpower historic buildings.

8.2. Additions should be situated and constructed so that the original building’s form remains recognizable by differentiation.

8.3. In the case of historic buildings, additions should be designed so that they may be removed in the future without significant damage or loss of historic materials.

8.4. An addition’s impact on a site in terms of loss of important landscape 42 ADDITIONS

features shall be considered.

8.5. Additions should be located as inconspicuously as possible, to the rear or on the least character-defining elevation of historic buildings.

8.6. Additions shall be constructed so that there is the least possible loss of historic fabric.

8.7. Character-defining features of historic buildings should not be obscured, damaged, or destroyed.

8.8. The size and the scale of additions shall not visually overpower historic buildings.

8.9. Additions should be designed so that they are compatible with the existing building in mass, materials, color, proportion, and spacing of windows and doors. Design motifs should be taken from the existing building, or compatible, contemporary designs introduced.

8.10. It is not appropriate to construct an addition that is taller than the original building.

8.11. Additions that echo the style of the original structure, and additions that introduce compatible contemporary elements, are both acceptable.

43

DETACHED BUILDING FORMS

9. DETACHED BUILDING FORMS

Detached building forms are not predominant in the downtown area, but are present on some corner sites and are limited to governmental, civic, office, or institutional buildings. Existing detached buildings shall main- tain their unique characteristics; construction of new detached building forms should reflect these characteristics.

9.1. Detached building forms should have a high degree of architectural embellishment.

9.2. Detached building forms should be set back from the property line. The setback, typically 3 to 5 feet, serves as a green space between the building and the sidewalk.

9.3. The overall design of a detached building should be carried throughout all of the facades; for detached buildings, primary and secondary facades may be appropriately differentiated by changes in material and by degrees of architectural embellishment.

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BUILDING MATERIALS

10. BUILDING MATERIALS

The surface materials of a building are a key factor in its appearance and its relationship to adjacent buildings.

10.1. Original building materials, whether located on primary, secondary, or rear facades, shall be retained to every extent possible. If the original material has been overlaid by such coverings as aluminum or stucco, these alterations should be removed and the original material maintained, repaired or replaced with similar materials.

Brick, wood, stone, terra-cotta, and cast iron are typical for Downtown Lawrence.

10.2. Building materials shall be traditional building materials consistent with the existing traditional building stock. Brick, stone, terra cotta, stucco, etc., shall be the primary facade materials for buildings fronting along Massachusetts Street.

10.3. While traditional building materials such as brick, stone, terra cotta,

46 BUILDING MATERIALS

stucco, etc., are the preferred building materials for buildings fronting New Hampshire, Vermont Street, or numbered streets, consideration will be given to other materials.

10.4. Materials should be compatible between storefronts or street-level facades, and upper levels.

10.5. The secondary facades of buildings facing Massachusetts Street shall be composed of building materials consistent with the existing traditional building stock brick, stone, terra cotta, stucco, etc.

10.6. While permanent materials should be considered for party-wall construction, other materials which meet associated building and fire code requirements will be considered.

10.7. Masonry walls, except in rare instances, shall not be clad with stucco, artificial stone, parging, or EIFS (Exterior Insulation and Finish Systems). This includes publicly visible party-walls constructed of brick or rubble limestone.

10.8. Existing unpainted masonry walls, except in rare instances, shall not be painted. This includes publicly visible party-walls.

Material details such as these inlaid tiles should be retained.

47

COMMERCIAL STOREFRONTS AND STREET LEVEL FACADES

11. COMMERCIAL STOREFRONTS AND STREET LEVEL FACADES

The main character-defining building type in Downtown Lawrence is the two or three story, mixed-use building with a street level commercial storefront facade. These traditional, building types commonly include pedestrian-level storefronts with large display windows, transoms, re- cessed entryways, sign friezes, and articulated bays and fenestration. Upper stories are related by design, but may be differentiated by fenes- tration patterns, ornamentation, or materials. Some include cast-iron or terra-cotta details as part of their embellishment. All in all, they repre- sent a continuity of buildings that collectively illuminate the City’s de- velopment and history during periods of intense growth and activity.

Historic storefronts are composed of distinctive elements that reflect their original function and interior arrangement.

11.1. Historic storefronts and storefront features such as entryways, display windows, doors, transoms, bulkheads, sign friezes or cornices, pilasters, etc. shall be retained to every extent possible.

11.2. Removal of historic materials and/or architectural features shall be avoided.

11.3. Removal of non-historic storefront elements and facade treatments, including metal cladding, stuccos, or other non-historic features that have 48 COMMERCIAL STOREFRONTS AND STREET LEVEL FACADES

been introduced at later times, is encouraged during renovation.

11.4. Buildings where multiple storefronts span a larger, wider façade should extend design compatibility from storefront to storefront.

11.5. Solid, non-traditional ‘security-style’ doors shall not be used in primary storefronts.

11.6. Storefronts shall be designed to reflect the traditional pattern of containment. The storefront shall be bounded by the enframing storefront cornice and piers on the side and the sidewalk on the bottom.

11.7. Remodeled storefronts shall be designed to fit within the original opening.

11.8. Storefronts may be recessed or extended slightly (typically, 3 to 9 inches) to emphasize the feeling of containment and provide architectural variety.

11.9. Storefronts should provide for a recessed entry.

11.10. Storefronts shall be pedestrian oriented and consist primarily of transparent glass. Most storefronts in Downtown Lawrence contain 65% to 80% glass. Storefront designs shall reflect this glass to other building material ratio.

11.11. Storefront designs should reflect the traditional three-part horizontal layer by providing for a transom area, display windows, and a bulkhead.

11.12. Storefront materials typically A new commercial storefront should consist of wood, metal, steel, or incorporate traditional storefront brick. Renovations and/or new elements such as display windows, transoms, and a recessed entry. construction should reflect these materials. Use of unpainted rough cedar is an example of an inappropriate storefront material.

49

UPPER STORY FACADES

12. UPPER STORY FACADES

In Downtown Lawrence, upper story building elements are typically dis- tinct from, yet visually related to lower levels by pattern and symmetry of design. The preservation of existing upper-story materials, ornamen- tation, windows, and/or fenestration patterns is particularly important to maintaining the character of a building.

12.1. Retain and preserve historic facades and facade details such as corbelled brick, string or belt courses, cornices, windows, terra cotta, and stonework.

12.2. If replacement of a deteriorated facade feature is necessary, replace only the deteriorated element to match the original in size, scale, proportion, material, texture and detail.

12.3. Removal of non-historic storefront elements and facade treatments, including metal cladding, stuccos, or other non-historic features that have been introduced at later times, is encouraged during renovation.

12.4. Maintain the pattern created by upper-story windows and their vertical-horizontal alignment.

12.5. Existing windows on conforming upper facades shall not be eliminated or decreased in size or shape.

12.6. Windows shall be repaired if possible. If repair is not possible, window replacement in existing Patterns of fenestration and detailing should be retained on buildings should replicate original upper stories. window patterns and finishes.

12.7. New window openings that disrupt the existing balance on facades visible from the street shall not be introduced.

12.8. Upper-story facade elements should reflect existing window to wall surface ratios (typically 20% to 40% glass-to-wall).

12.9. Upper-story windows shall have only minimal tinting and should appear transparent from street level. Dark or reflective tinting is not allowed on

50 UPPER STORY FACADES

upper story windows.

12.10. Metal screens or bars shall not cover upper-story window openings.

12.11. Upper windows on non-visible party-walls may be filled in with compatible material only if the treatment is reversible.

12.12. Alteration of existing upper story elements should not significantly alter the proportion and/or balance of the existing building.

It is inappropriate to remove or cover upper story architectural features.

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SECONDARY AND REAR FACADES

13. SECONDARY AND REAR FACADES

13.1. Secondary facades for corner buildings (i.e., facades that do not face the primary north/south street) shall contain secondary display windows and/ or secondary storefronts.

13.2. Secondary facades shall contain upper story windows.

13.3. Secondary facades should be balanced in design and shall provide a distinction between lower and upper sections of the building.

13.4. Secondary facades should not directly compete with the primary facade.

By design, secondary facades should be related to, but not in competition with, primary elevations. In this example the secondary facade shows some compositional balance, but has too little articulation and too low a percentage of window at the street level.

13.5. While rear facades on older structures are more symmetrical in their design, more recent buildings may provide a more utilitarian design approach. In most cases, rear entrances and openings should occupy a relatively small part of the rear facade and exhibit more of a utilitarian character.

13.6. Rear facades should be maintained and developed to support the overall appearance of Downtown Lawrence. 52 SECONDARY AND REAR FACADES

13.7. Rear entrances on buildings that face public-parking areas are encouraged.

13.8. Rear facades should provide sufficient architectural features, such as window and door openings, to articulate the building facade.

13.9. Rear facades should not compete with the primary facade of the structure.

13.10. Pedestrian-level window and door openings may be covered with security features such as screens or bars. However, every effort should be made to maintain the visual appearance on rear facades which face surface parking areas.

13.11. Maintain the pattern created by upper-story windows and their alignment on rear facades that face surface-parking areas.

13.12. Existing windows on rear facades should not be eliminated or decreased in size or shape.

13.13. While not encouraged, upper windows on rear facades that do not face parking areas may be closed in a reversible manner with compatible material.

In this example, appropriate modern treatments have been applied to enhance and introduce a series of entryways, but the original upper story windows have been unsympathetically altered.

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OTHER NON-RETAIL BUILDINGS

14. OFFICE, INSTITUTIONAL, RELIGIOUS, UTILITY, AND OTHER NON-RETAIL BUILDINGS

Downtown Lawrence has a number of buildings which do not fit the pattern of the historic, nineteenth or twentieth-century commercial store- front. Most of such buildings are detached building forms or special- purpose buildings such as the Masonic Temple. Nevertheless, particu- larly in cases where such buildings front Massachusetts Street, tradi- tional storefront elements are present on the street level.

14.1. Non-retail buildings fronting Massachusetts Street shall contain storefronts or a storefront appearance at the street level. Storefronts shall be pedestrian oriented, include fundamental storefront elements such as recessed entry and/or division into bays, and consist primarily of transparent glass. Most storefronts in Downtown Lawrence contain 65% to 80% glass. Storefront designs shall reflect this prevailing, glass-to- other-building-material ratio.

14.2. Non-retail buildings fronting numbered-streets, Vermont Street, or New Hampshire Street shall be pedestrian oriented. A ratio of 40% to 60% window area to wall surface shall be provided on street level facades at these locations.

14.3. The existing form of non-retail category buildings such as churches, industrial facilities, warehouses, etc. shall not be obscured or so transformed as to render the original form unrecognizable.

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ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS, ORNAMENTATION, AND CORNICES

15. ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS, ORNAMENTATION, AND CORNICES

Much of the character of Downtown Lawrence is due to the attention to detail evident in the brickwork, terra cotta, wrought iron, tin cornices and other embellishments. It is important to repair existing ornamenta- tion when necessary and not detract from its effect by the addition or repair with inappropriate materials.

15.1. Existing ornamentation such as curved glass displays, terra cotta detailing, cast iron pilasters, transoms, ornamental brickwork, brackets, decorative cornices, quoins, columns, etc. shall be maintained.

15.2. Retain and preserve any architectural features and details that are character-defining elements of downtown structures, such as cornices, columns, brickwork, stringcourses, quoins, etc.

15.3. If original detailing is presently covered, exposing and restoring the features is encouraged.

15.4. Existing identifying details such as inset or engraved building names, markings, dates, etc. should be preserved.

15.5. Cornices shall not be removed unless such removal is required as a result of a determination by the Chief Building Inspector that a cornice poses a safety concern.

56 ARCHITECTURAL DETAILS, ORNAMENTATION, AND CORNICES

15.6. Original cornices should be repaired rather than replaced. If replacement is necessary, the new cornice should reflect the original in design.

15.7. New construction should provide for a variety of form, shape, and detailing in individual cornice lines.

Three-dimensional elements, such as decorative architectural belt courses and cornices or eaves that project from the building create interest in building facades. Cornice lines are encouraged to be articulated to create distinctive roofline profiles.

57

ROOFLINES AND PARAPETS

16. ROOFLINES AND PARAPETS

The roofline of a building establishes its relationship with adjacent buildings. Roofs in Downtown Lawrence tend to be flat, built-up roofs with parapets added for interest and decoration. Another, usually earlier, alternative is a gable roof with a false front obscuring the gable from visibility at the street level. The consistent appearance of a “flat” roof- line is a distinguishing characteristic of Downtown Lawrence.

16.1. The original roofline and parapet features of existing buildings shall be retained.

16.2. Mechanical equipment should not be visible from the pedestrian level and should be screened through the use of parapet walls or projecting cornices.

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AWNINGS, CANOPIES, AND MARQUEES

17. AWNINGS, CANOPIES, AND MARQUEES

Downtown storefront buildings traditionally had projecting awnings, canopies, or marquees to provide pedestrians with protection from the elements, to enhance aesthetic appeal, and to serve as a place upon which to affix identifying signage. The installation of awnings is en- couraged, unless a structure is physically unsuited to accommodate one. While the terms are sometimes used interchangeably, there are generally the following accepted variations of canopies and awnings:

• Movable fabric awning: A retractable, roof-like shelter constructed to permit being rolled, collapsed, or folded back to the facade of the build- ing.

• Stationary fabric awning: An awning of stationary design, typically with a metal frame, and covered with fabric.

• Fixed awning: A rigid, roof-like shelter sloping and draining away from the building.

• Canopy: A rigid, flat roof-like structure, sloping and draining towards the building.

• Marquee: A large rigid, flat roof-like structure erected only over the en- trance to a building.

60 AWNINGS, CANOPIES, AND MARQUEES

17.1. All effort should be made to retain and restore existing canopies, awnings, and marquees.

17.2. Awnings should be of the traditional sloped configuration rather than curved, vaulted, or semi-spherical.

17.3. Canopies and awnings shall reflect the door and window openings or structural bays of the building. An awning, canopy, or marquee that spans continuously across more than one structural bay or storefront is not appropriate.

17.4. Movable and stationary awnings should be made of cloth or other woven fabric such as canvas.

17.5. Metal awnings are generally not appropriate, but can be used in some instances if they are compatible with the historic character of the building. Creative awning forms that meet guidelines for allowable locations, 17.6. Vinyl or plastic awnings are not dimensions, and materials, are appropriate. Consideration may be both possible and encouraged. given to modern materials that have the appearance of woven fabric,

17.7. While Downtown Lawrence once contained a number of pole- or post- supported awnings and canopies, this type of awning shall not be allowed because of pedestrian considerations.

17.8. Back-lit or illuminated awnings or canopies are not permitted. These awnings, because of their high visibility, function more as signs than a means of providing comfort and protection for pedestrians.

17.9. Awnings mounted at the storefront ‘Permanent’ awnings clad in level should not extend into the second asphalt or wooden shingles, story of building facade. trellis-work, or other materials that are more typically found in residential areas, are not 61

AWNINGS, CANOPIES, AND MARQUEES

17.10. Upper-floor awnings should be mounted within window openings.

17.11. Awnings shall be narrow in profile and shall not comprise residential design elements such as mansard roof forms or shake shingle cladding.

17.12. Awnings and canopies should not project more than 6 feet from the lot line and must be suspended from, or affixed to, the building.

17.13. If a building facade contains a transom area, awnings should be installed in such a way as not to obscure or damage it.

17.14. Awning fabric or material design should be striped or solid color, using colors appropriate to the period of the storefront.

17.15. Awnings should not obscure character-defining features such as arched transom windows, window hoods, cast-iron ornaments, etc.

17.16. Awning units should be mounted or affixed in such a way as to avoid damage to the building’s distinctive architectural features.

On upper stories, awnings add visual Appropriately-sized awnings fit individually over a building’s interest and help to break up ‘blank’ openings and/or structural bays, as in the above example. facades. In no case should awnings be Note that when it is time to replace these, more careful place on historic buildings in such a choices should be made as to materials, color, and shape. way as to damage or obscure significant materials or features.

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SIGNS AND SIGNAGE

18. SIGNS AND SIGNAGE

Signage is one of the most important features of a commercial facade. Inappropriate signs, more than any other single feature, can detract from even the most attractive storefront. The attractiveness of signage is likely a high contributing factor to whether or not a pedestrian will enter a store; its design should be high-quality and carefully planned.

Well-designed, pedestrian-oriented signs can be major assets to a building and make positive contributions to the general appearance of the street. Pedestrian-oriented signs are signs that are designed for and directed toward people on foot, so that they can easily and comfortably read the sign as they stand adjacent to a business.

18.1. All signs shall conform to the Sign Code provisions in Article 7 of the Code of the City of Lawrence.

18.2. The primary focus of signs in Downtown Lawrence shall be pedestrian- oriented in size, scale, and placement, and shall not be designed primarily to attract the notice of vehicular traffic.

18.3. ‘Permanent’ sign types that are allowed are: awning, hanging, projecting, wall, and window signs. Freestanding signs will not be considered except in cases where a detached building is set back from the street.

18.4. Temporary (i.e., sidewalk, easel-mounted or freestanding) signage is permitted as long as it is in compliance with other City codes, and does not obscure significant streetscape vistas or architectural features.

64 SIGNS AND SIGNAGE

18.5. In no case shall a temporary sign substitute as a permanent sign.

18.6. Wall signs must be flush-mounted on flat surfaces and done in such a way that does not destroy or conceal architectural features or details.

SIGN TYPES AND LOCATIONS PROJECTING

AWNING

HANGING

WINDOW

WALL (TRADITIONAL STOREFRONT TRANSOM OR SIGN FREIZE TYPES)

18.7. Signs identifying the name of a building, the date of construction, or other historical information should be composed of materials similar to the building, or of bronze or brass. These building identification signs should be affixed flat against the building and should not obscure architectural details; they may be incorporated into the overall facade design or mounted below a storefront cornice.

18.8. Signs should be subordinate to the building’s facade. The size and scale of the sign shall be in proportion to the size and scale of the street level

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SIGNS AND SIGNAGE

facade.

18.9. Storefront signs should not extend past the storefront upper cornice line. Storefront signs are typically located in the transom area and shall not extend into the storefront opening.

18.10. Signs for multiple storefronts within the same building should align with each other.

18.11. Existing signs of particular historic or architec- tural merit, such as the Varsity or Granada theater mar- quees, should be preserved. Signs of such merit shall be determined at the discretion of the Historic Resources Commission.

18.12. Wall-mounted signs on friezes, lintels, spandrels, and fascias over storefront windows must be of an appropriate size and fit within these surfaces. While each sign will be reviewed for its overall compatibility with the building and the district, signs should typically be about 20 square inches for each linear foot of store- front.

18.13. A hanging sign installed under an awning or canopy should be a maximum of 70% of the awning or canopy’s width and should be perpendicular to the building’s façade.

18.14. A projecting sign shall provide a minimum clearance of eight feet between the sidewalk surface and the bottom of the sign.

18.15. A projecting sign shall be no more than fifteen square feet in size with a maximum sign height of five feet.

18.16. A larger projecting sign should be mounted higher, and centered on the facade or positioned at the corner of a building.

18.17. A projecting sign shall in no case project beyond 1/2 of the sidewalk width.

18.18. A window sign should cover no more than approximately thirty percent (30%) of the total window area.

18.19. Sign brackets and hardware should be compatible with the building and installed in a manner that will not damage the building structure.

66 SIGNS AND SIGNAGE

18.20. The light for a sign should be an indirect source, such as shielded, external lamps. Consideration may be given to internal or halo illumina- tion.

18.21. Whether they are wall-mounted, suspended, affixed to awnings, or projecting, signs must be placed in locations that do not obscure any historic architectural features of the building or obstruct any views or vistas of historic downtown.

18.22. Typically signs illuminated from within are not appropriate. Lighting for externally illuminated signs must be simple and unobtrusive and must not obscure the content of the sign or the building facade.

Appropriate sign While projecting signs treatment for upper are permissible, story tenant certain sign placements, intended to attract the notice of people riding in vehicles, are generally inappropriate.

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LIGHTING

19. LIGHTING

Lighting design should be carefully integrated into the design of the building changes with minimal impact to historic fabric. Note: All light- ing must be in compliance with existing city codes and regulations.

19.1. New exterior lighting should be compatible with the historic nature of the structure, the property, and the district. Compatibility of exterior lighting and lighting fixtures is assessed in terms of design, material, use, size, scale, color, and brightness.

19.2. Lighting fixtures should be installed to be as unobtrusive as possible; they should be installed such that they will not damage or conceal any historic architectural features.

19.3. Lighting levels should provide adequate safety, but not detract from or overly emphasize the structure or property.

19.4. Landscape lighting should be located and directed such that there is no infringement on adjacent properties.

19.5. Exterior lighting in parking lots must be directed into the parking area itself, and not onto adjacent properties.

When affixed to buildings, lighting should be unobtrusive and focused only on the area to be lit.

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PARKING

20. PARKING

Standards for the location and design of parking areas in Downtown Lawrence are critical to maintaining the visual appearance and accessi- bility of the area.

20.1. Parking lots or structures shall not be permitted to front Massachusetts Street unless the ground floor contains storefront uses. Existing surface parking areas with frontage along Massachusetts Street shall be targeted for redevelopment with appropriate new construction.

20.2. Surface-parking lots fronting New Hampshire and Vermont Streets shall be contained within the interior of the block.

20.3. Parking structures fronting New Hampshire and Vermont Streets should be contained within the interior of the block. Exceptions will be made for parking structures that have commercial, retail or office uses on the ground floor.

20.4. Existing corner surface-parking areas fronting New Hampshire and Vermont Streets should be targeted for appropriate infill.

20.5. Primary access to surface parking areas shall be taken from New Hampshire or Vermont Streets. The alleyway may be used for secondary access to the parking area.

20.6. While there is no established setback for surface parking areas, there should be a clear separation between vehicular parking areas and pedestrian areas. Pedestrian-scale landscaping, fencing, and/or walls shall be provided to separate the parking area from the pedestrian sidewalk.

20.7. Pedestrian-scale lighting shall be provided in surface parking areas.

20.8. The materials and design of screening for parking areas should be compatible with the adjacent structures and the district.

20.9. While some interior landscaping shall be provided, surface-parking areas shall not be required to meet landscaping provisions set forth in the Land Development Code of the City of Lawrence.

20.10. Surface-parking areas shall meet the provisions set forth in the Land Development Code of the City of Lawrence.

70 PARKING

20.11. Primary access to parking structures shall be taken from New Hampshire or Vermont Streets. The alleyway may be used for secondary access to the parking structure.

20.12. Parking structures should be constructed to zero-lot lines. Parking structures adjacent to registered historic structures, such as the English Lutheran Church or the Lucy Hobbs Taylor Building, shall respect the historic property by providing a transition between the proposed structure and the historic property in the form of additional setback, green space and/or reductions in building height.

20.13. The inclusion of retail, commercial or office uses is encouraged at the ground floor of parking structures.

20.14. The primary facade of a parking structure should be designed to be compatible with neighboring buildings.

20.15. Parking structure facades should contain building materials consistent with the existing traditional building stock: brick, stone, terra cotta, etc.

20.16. Parking structures facades shall contain sufficient detail to break up the overall massing of the structure.

20.17. Parking structures shall meet the provisions set forth in Land Develop- ment Code of the City of Lawrence.

20.18. Saw-tooth parking shall be maintained along Massachusetts Street. Otherwise, on-street parking shall be parallel in orientation. Special consideration will be given for existing angle parking in the 600 block of Vermont Street.

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SAFETY AND ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES

21. SAFETY AND ACCESSIBILITY FEATURES

A new use or a substantial rehabilitation of a historic building in down- town Lawrence can result in requirements to meet contemporary stan- dards for both life safety and accessibility to people with disabilities. Review of proposed exterior alterations to meet life safety and accessi- bility standards is generally based on whether the alteration will com- promise the architectural and historic character of the building and the site. The City seeks to be flexible and accommodating when considering proposals for introduction of these elements. Regardless of the magni- tude of an alteration to a historic building, temporary and reversible changes are preferred over permanent and irreversible ones.

21.1. Review proposed new uses for existing historic buildings to determine if meeting related building code and accessibility requirements is feasible without compromising the historic character of the building and the site.

21.2. Meet health and safety code and accessibility requirements in ways that do not diminish the historic character, features, materials, and details of the building.

21.3. Where possible, locate fire exits, stairs, landings, and decks on rear or inconspicuous side elevations where they will not be visible from the street.

21.4. It is not appropriate to introduce new fire doors if they would diminish the original design of the building or damage historic materials and features. Keep new fire doors as compatible as possible with existing doors in proportion, location, size, and detail.

21.5. When introducing reversible features to assist people with disabilities, take care that historic materials or features are not damaged.

21.6. If possible, comply with accessibility requirements through portable or temporary, rather than permanent, ramps.

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UTILITIES AND ENERGY RETROFIT

22. UTILITIES AND ENERGY RETROFIT

22.1. Retain and preserve the inherent energy-conservation features of a historic building, such as operable windows, transoms, awnings, and shutters.

22.2. Generally, it is not appropriate to replace operable windows or transoms with fixed glass.

22.3. Locate roof ventilators, hardware, antennas, and solar collectors inconspicuously on roofs where they will not be visible from the street.

22.4. Install mechanical equipment, including heating and air conditioning units, in areas and spaces requiring the least amount of alteration to the appearance and the materials of the building such as roofs. Screen the equipment from view.

22.5. Locate exposed exterior pipes, raceways, wires, meters, conduit, and fuel tanks on rear elevations or along an inconspicuous side of the building. Screen them from view.

22.6. Locate window air-conditioning units on rear or inconspicuous elevations whenever possible.

22.7. It is not appropriate to install large antennas and satellite dishes on primary elevations. Small, digital satellite dishes must not be visible from a public street and must be screened from view.

22.8. Aerial antennae shall be screened, concealed or camouflaged.

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DEMOLITION

23. DEMOLITION

In the interest of controlling the long-term effects of demolition on Downtown Lawrence, careful thought should be given to a project be- fore the option of demolition is exercised. In reviewing alternatives for treatment of a particular building or site, demolition should be consid- ered a ‘last measure.’

23.1. Any demolition request that is not related to public safety shall be accompanied by additional documentation indicating the existing condition of the building and the proposed, post-demolition use for the site. Documentation must include proposed elevations and an explanation of why it is not feasible to use the existing structure.

23.2. Demolition permits shall be reviewed by the Historic Resources Commission and the City Commission.

23.3. No structure within the Conservation Overlay District may be demolished or removed, in whole or in part, until after the application for a building and/or demolition permit has been reviewed by the Historic Resources Commission and approved by the City Commission.

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PART THREE

CITY OF LAWRENCE DOWNTOWN AREA DESIGN GUIDELINES

SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

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SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

1. PURPOSE

The following guidelines are established for Sidewalk Dining/ Hospitality Areas in order to attain the following specific goals and purposes.

1.1 Ensure adequate space for pedestrians on the sidewalk or other public open space area adjacent to “Sidewalk Dining/ Hospital- ity Areas”;

1.2 Promote “Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality Areas” as visual ameni- ties, which relate to and are complementary to the surrounding area. Consideration shall be given to the character of the area and its streetscape;

1.3 Where “Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality Areas” are located in the Downtown, they shall preserve and enhance the character of Lawrence’s Downtown; and

1.4 Establish guidelines and conditions for the establishment of “Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality Areas” that are effective, effi- cient, and enforceable.

Applications for Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality include the submission of an application, Lease and Permission for Use of Property (if appli- cable), Proof of Insurance, and the Appropriate Fee ($3.50 x # of square feet of sidewalk) to the City Clerk. In addition, a site plan shall be submitted to the Planning Office to be reviewed by the Historic Resources Commission and the Planning Director. (Please see Chap- ter 6 Article 12, Sidewalk Dining and Hospitality License, of the Code of the City of Lawrence.)

All applications for Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality must comply with all applicable local, State, and Federal codes.

80 SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

2. General

2.1 The sidewalk dining/hospitality area must be contiguous with any side of a build- ing wherein a hospitality establishment is located.

2.2 No portion of a Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be used for any purpose other than dining/hospitality and circulation therein.

2.3 The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall not occupy more than thirty (30) per- cent of the total area of the primary hospitality operation. The Sidewalk Dining/ Hospitality area shall be considered an auxiliary use to the interior hospitality establishment area.

2.4 A hospitality establishment may be permitted to operate only one sidewalk area, and each sidewalk area shall be confined to a single location on the sidewalk;

2.5 The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall not extend past the hospitality estab- lishment’s storefront.

2.6 A Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall not utilize any public amenities such as benches, seats, tables, or trash receptacles.

3. Usable Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality Area

3.1 The proposed Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall maintain a minimum of six (6) feet or half (1/2) the width, whichever is greater, unobstructed sidewalk be- tween the food service establishment dining area and all obstructions, measured from the outer edge of the dining area to the curb side obstacle. Consideration may be given to providing a minimum of five (5) feet width on local streets such as 7th, 8th, etc;

3.2 The proposed Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be a minimum of five (5) feet from the street corner areas as defined by building lines extended to the street;

3.3 The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be delineated by an approved railing that is clearly visible to pedestrians. The railing shall take into consideration

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SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

ADA requirements;

3.4 Unless the main access to the hospitality establishment is provided through the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area, the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area should only be accessible through the interior of the establishment. Provisions should be made to provide adequate fire safety egress.

4. Elevation and Other Design Considerations

4.1 The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be the same elevation as the adjoin- ing sidewalk. Paint, artificial turf, carpets, platforms, or any other surface cover or treatment of any kind are prohibited from being placed upon the designated area at any time;

4.2 In order to maintain maximum visual access, the height of the railing shall not be higher than forty-five (45") inches. Thirty-six inches is recommended. Consid- eration of height variations may be given to properties with significant grade changes;

4.3 Railings shall be designed in a manner to make them removable. The City shall have the authority to require any Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area to suspend operation and clear such area, or to move or modify the location or operation of the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area, for such things as, but not limited to: Any permitted special event; Any street, sidewalk, or utility construction; Any emergency situations; The protection of the health, safety, and welfare of the public.

4.4 Railings and barriers shall be constructed of ornamental metal, wrought iron or other compatible materials and shall reflect the character of the area.

4.5 The railing shall not be attached to the building.

4.6 The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be unenclosed and shall be open to the sky with the exception that it may be covered with a retractable awning or fixed awning, which is compatible with the surrounding area; and

82 SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

4.7 In order to maintain maximum visual access, Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area furnishings may not include outdoor heaters.

5. Operation of Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality Area

5.1 Sidewalk areas shall not operate when the hospitality establishment is closed;

5.2 Advertising signage shall not be permitted in the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area except for the name of the establishment on chairs or tables as approved by the City;

5.3 All amenities including railings, barriers, chairs, and tables shall be maintained in good condition;

5.4 No blockage of building entrances or exits shall be permitted in the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area;

5.5 The establishment operating the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall be re- sponsible for trash removal and must maintain the following areas in a clean and litter-free manner during the hours of operation: The Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area The area from the front building façade to the curb line; Five (5) feet along the adjacent sidewalk to both sides of the Sidewalk Dining/ Hospitality area.

5.6 Trash and refuse storage for the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area shall not be permitted within the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area or on adjacent sidewalk areas, and the permittee shall remove all trash and litter as it accumulates.

5.7 Per City Code, Section 9-902, outdoor dining areas must be managed to prevent stormwater pollution:

5.8 Food waste, trash, cigarettes and other solid wastes must be contained, collected and disposed of properly. Collection must be frequent enough to prevent wastes carried offsite by wind or stormwater runoff.

5.9 Wastewater from the cleaning of pavement, buildings, furniture or other outdoor surfaces must be collected and discharged to the sanitary sewer system or other approved wastewater treatment process. Installation of a nearby sanitary sewer cleanout is recommended for this purpose.

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SIDEWALK DINING AND HOSPITALITY

5.10 Pavement and furnishings must be cleaned frequently enough to prevent con- tamination of stormwater runoff.

5.11 Failure to comply may result in fines, stop work orders or disconnection of utility service.

5.12 Food preparation is not permitted within Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality areas. Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality areas must comply with all applicable state and lo- cal health codes.

6. Site Plan Submittal Requirements In addition to the requirements identified in Chapter 20-1305 of the Code of the City of Lawrence, the following items shall be included.

6.1 The site plan shall show the relationship to the interior establishment and Side- walk Dining/Hospitality area.

6.2 The site plan shall state the square footage of the interior establishment and Side- walk Dining/Hospitality area.

6.3 The site plan shall state the occupancy of the interior establishment and Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area.

6.4 The site plan shall show the composition of railings and barriers proposed for the delineation of the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area. The plans shall detail the style, design, and color of the proposed railings or barriers.

6.5 The site plan shall provide a detail of the sidewalk attachment method.

6.6 The site plan shall provide information regarding the type and style of awning (if applicable) and the type, design, and materials of the proposed chairs and tables.

6.7 The site plan shall contain such other conditions and restrictions on the use of the Sidewalk Dining/Hospitality area.

.

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APPENDIX

Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District Contributing and Non-Contributing Properties List

638 Massachusetts St. (Kaw Valley Interurban Station) (C); 642-646 Massachusetts St. (Bowersock Opera House) (C)(I); 700 Massachusetts St. (C); 701-703 Massachusetts St. (Eldridge Hotel) (C)(I); 704-704 ½ Massachusetts St. (C); 706 Massachusetts St. (C); 708-710 Massachusetts St. (Fairfax Hotel) (C); 712 Massachusetts St. (C); 714 Massachusetts St. (C); 715 Massachusetts St. (Anderson Building) (C); C = Contributing 716 Massachusetts St. (C); NC = Non-Contributing 717 Massachusetts St. (NC); I = Individually listed on the 719 Massachusetts St. (NC); National Register 721 Massachusetts St. (C); S = Kansas Register 722 Massachusetts St. (C); * = Lawrence Register * 723-725 Massachusetts St. (Miller’s Hall) (C);

724 Massachusetts St. (C); 726 Massachusetts St. (NC); 727 Massachusetts St. (Lawrence Photo Studios Building) (C); 728-230 Massachusetts St. (C); * 729-731 Massachusetts St. (House Building) (C)(S); 732 Massachusetts. St. (C); 733-735 Massachusetts St. (C); 734 Massachusetts St. (C); 736-738 Massachusetts St. (C); 737 Massachusetts St. (NC); 739 Massachusetts St. (NC); 740 Massachusetts St. (C); 742 Massachusetts St. (NC); 743 Massachusetts St. (NC); 746 Massachusetts St. (First National Bank Building) (C); 800 Massachusetts St. (Lawrence Building & Loan Trust Company Building) (C); 801 Massachusetts St. (Woodward Block Building) (C); 802 Massachusetts St. (C); 803 Massachusetts St. (C); 804 Massachusetts St. (Ridenour & Baker Store/ Barteldes Seed Company Building) (C); 805-807 Massachusetts St. (C); 806 Massachusetts St. (NC); 808-810 Massachusetts St. (NC); 809 Massachusetts St. (NewmarkÂ’s Building) (C); 811-813 Massachusetts St. (C); 812 Massachusetts St. (NC); 814 Massachusetts St. (C); 815-817 Massachusetts St. (C); 816 Massachusetts St. (C); 818 Massachusetts St. (C);

87 APPENDIX

819 Massachusetts St. (C); 820 Massachusetts St. (C); 821 Massachusetts St. (NC); 822 Massachusetts St. (C); 823 Massachusetts St. (C); 824 Massachusetts St. (C); 825-827 Massachusetts St. (Montgomery Ward Building) (C); 826 Massachusetts St. (C); 829 Massachusetts St. (NC); 830 Massachusetts St. (J.C. Penny Building) (NC); 831 Massachusetts St. (C); 833 Massachusetts St. (C); 835 Massachusetts St. (C); 836-838 Massachusetts St. (NC); 837 Massachusetts St. (C); 839 Massachusetts St. (C); 840 Massachusetts St. (NC); 842 Massachusetts St. (C); 841-843 Massachusetts St. (C); 844-846 Massachusetts St. (C); 845-847 Massachusetts St. (C); 901-905 Massachusetts St. (NC); 907 Massachusetts St. (C); 911 Massachusetts St. (Woolworth’s Building) (NC); 918 Massachusetts St. (C); 919 Massachusetts St. (NC); 920-922 Massachusetts St. (C.H. Hunsinger Garage Building) (C); 921 Massachusetts St. (C); 924-926 Massachusetts St. (C); 925-927-929-931 Massachusetts St. (C); 928 Massachusetts St. (C); 930-932-934 Massachusetts St. (NC); * 933 Massachusetts St. (Hanna Building) (C); 935-937 Massachusetts St. (C); 936-938 Massachusetts St. (C); 939 Massachusetts St. (C); 941 Massachusetts St. (NC); 943 Massachusetts St. (C); 945-947 Massachusetts St. (J.C. Ecke Building) (C); 1001-1003 Massachusetts St. (Lawrence Masonic Temple) (C); 1005-1007 Massachusetts St. (W.E. Spalding Building/Masonic Annex) (C); 1009 Massachusetts St. (C); 1011 Massachusetts St. (NC); 1013-1015 Massachusetts St. (Varsity Theater) (NC); 1017 Massachusetts St. (NC); 1019 Massachusetts St. (C); 1021-1023 Massachusetts St. (C); 1025 Massachusetts St. (C); 1029 Massachusetts St. (C); 1031 Massachusetts St. (NC); 1033-1033½ Massachusetts St. (NC); 88

APPENDIX

1035 Massachusetts St. (C); 1035-1045 Massachusetts St. (Sister City Friendship Garden) (NC); 1047 Massachusetts St. (Watkins National Bank/Old Lawrence City Hall) (C)(I); 1100 Massachusetts St. (Douglas County Courthouse) (C)(I); 1101-1103 Massachusetts St. (J.E. Stubbs Building) (C); 1105 Massachusetts St. (Orpheum Theater) (C); 1109 Massachusetts St. (C); 1111 Massachusetts St. (C); 1113 Massachusetts St. (C); 1115-1119 Massachusetts St. (C); * Intersection of Massachusetts St. and South Park St. (South Park) (C); 645 New Hampshire St. (U.S. Post Office) (C); 701 New Hampshire St. (Charlton Building) (C); 735 New Hampshire St. (C); 737 New Hampshire St. (C); 745 New Hampshire St. (C); 801 New Hampshire St./19 W 8th St. (NC); 811 New Hampshire St. (Kansas Seed House) (C); 745 Vermont St. (Lawrence Fire Station) (C); 1046 Vermont St. (Capitol Federal Savings Building) (C); 7 E 7th St. (NC); 9 W 8th St. (C); 8-12 W 8th St. (NC); 123 W 8th St. (Standard Mutual Life Building/Fraternal Aid Building) (C); 201-203-205 W 8th St. (I.O.O.F. Building) (C); 9 E 8th St. (NC); 11-13-15 E 8th St. (C); 12 E 8th St. (C); 14-16 E 8th St. (C); 15 E 8th St. (C); 17 E 8th St. (NC); 6 E 9th St. (C); 11-15 W 9th St. (C); 115 W. 11th St. (Lawrence Community Building) (C);

89 APPENDIX

Downtown Conservation Overlay District List of Properties with Historic Designations

All properties except those listed on the next page ‘contribute’ to the Downtown Conservation Overlay District. In addition, the following prop- erties have been recognized at other levels.

Lawrence Register of Historic Places 615 Massachusetts (J.B. Shane Thompson Studio) 723-725 Massachusetts (Miller’s Hall) 729-731 Massachusetts (House Building) 933 Massachusetts (Hanna Building)

Register of Historic Kansas Places 729-731 Massachusetts (House Building)

National Register of Historic Places (individually listed outside the Downtown Historic District) 200 West 9th (Carnegie Library) 809 Vermont (Lucy Hobbs Taylor House) 1040 New Hampshire (English Lutheran Church)

90

APPENDIX

Downtown Conservation Overlay District List of Non-Contributing Properties

The following is a list of properties that have been identified as non-contributing, or that do not retain a high degree of architectural integrity. A number of these proper- ties have underlying facades that may contribute to the Downtown. Rehabilitation and/or restoration of any contributing underlying facade is encouraged.

A dotted underline denotes that the building has been altered to meet the Down- town Design Guidelines or demolished and replaced with a structure that meets the Downtown Design Guidelines.

619 Massachusetts 613 Vermont 623 Massachusetts 617 Vermont 634 Massachusetts 714 Vermont 717 Massachusetts 734 Vermont 719 Massachusetts 805 Vermont 737 Massachusetts 807 Vermont 739 Massachusetts 825 Vermont 743 Massachusetts 901 Vermont 808 Massachusetts 904 Vermont 821 Massachusetts 1027 Vermont 829 Massachusetts 1031 Vermont 830 Massachusetts 1035-37 Vermont 836-838 Massachusetts 1040 Vermont 837 Massachusetts 840 Massachusetts 644 New Hampshire 842 Massachusetts 800 New Hampshire 900 Massachusetts 815 New Hampshire 901 Massachusetts 900 New Hampshire 911 Massachusetts 946 New Hampshire 914 Massachusetts 1029 New Hampshire 916 Massachusetts 1031 New Hampshire 932 Massachusetts 1039 New Hampshire 938-942 Massachusetts 1041 New Hampshire 944 Massachusetts 946 Massachusetts 10 E. 9th Street 1000-1006 Massachusetts 110 E. 9th Street 1011 Massachusetts 13 W. 9th Street 1012 Massachusetts 15 W. 9th Street 1014-1016 Massachusetts 17 W. 9th Street 1017 Massachusetts 1033 Massachusetts 1034 Massachusetts

91

APPENDIX

Figure Credits:

Figure 1: 1913 view of downtown Lawrence from Ninth and Massachusetts streets. Adapted from Dary, David, Pictorial History of Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas. Law- rence, KS: Allen Books, 1992 (pg. 210).

Figure 2: Detail of Wheeler map, 1858. Adapted from Dary, David, Pictorial History of Law- rence, Douglas County, Kansas. Lawrence, KS: Allen Books, 1992 (pg. 42).

Figure 3: Downtown Lawrence, mid-1950s. Adapted from the Lawrence Journal World Historic Photos online archive. URL: http://www2.ljworld.com/photos/galleries/2005/dec/09/ mapping_future_historical_photos/9015/

Additional Reading and Information:

Lawrence Downtown Historic Building Survey (1994)

National Register Nomination, Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District, U.S. Na- tional Park Service (2004)

Downtown Design Guidelines (2001)

General Urban Design Principles (1995)

Downtown Urban Design Concept Plan

The Kansas SHPO’s Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect of Projects on Environs

Multiple Property Submission—Historic Resources of Lawrence, Douglas County, Kansas

92

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Accessory Structure A subordinate structure or portion of the main structure, located on the same property and the use of which is clearly incidental to that of the main structure or to the use of the property on which it is located. Customary accessory structures include, but are not limited to, garages, carports, garden houses, and storage sheds.

Adaptive Use (1) The process of changing the use of a structure or property to a use other than that for which the structure or property was originally designed.

(2) A use for a structure or property other than the use for which it was originally designed (sometimes called adaptive reuse.)

Awning(s) Movable awning: A retractable, roof-like shelter constructed to permit being rolled, collapsed, or folded back to the facade of the building.

Stationary fabric awning: An awning of stationary design, typically with a metal frame, and covered with fabric.

Fixed awning: A rigid, roof-like shelter sloping and draining away from the building.

Adjacent A structure or parcel having a common parcel boundary with or located immediately next to a structure or parcel.

Administrator The designated individual assigned by the City Manager to administer, interpret and enforce this Article. Also known as the Historic Resources Administrator for the City.

Alley, alleyway A dedicated public right-of-way, other than a primary street, which provides only a secondary means of access to abutting property, the right-of-way of which generally is sixteen (16) feet or less in width.

Alteration Any act or process that changes one or more of the exterior architectural features of a structure, including, but not limited to, the erection, construction, reconstruction, or removal of any structure.

Applicant The person or group who initiates and signs the application to nominate a landmark or historic district; for a building permit; or for a demolition permit; for a certificate of appropriateness; for a certificate of economic hardship.

93

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Application One of several forms provided by the Commission to a person(s) who wishes to initiate a particular Commission action, including nomination of a landmark or historic district; a building or demolition permit; a Certificate of Appropriateness; a Certificate of Economic Hardship; a preservation easement; or, appeal.

Appropriate Architecturally suitable for a particular building or site’s condition or its context; fitting; conforming to or acceptable within the standards, criteria, and expectations as set forth in these guidelines.

Area Properties, near to or adjacent to one another, capable of being described with such definiteness that their collective location may be established and boundaries definitely ascertained.

Asymmetrical Not symmetrical

Bay, structural bay A regularly repeated main division or massing element of a building design.

Bay window A window structure projecting beyond the main wall plane; if attached to the building above ground level, properly called an oriel.

Blind A louvered shutter that excludes vision and direct sunlight, but not indirect light and air, from a house.

Bond The setting pattern of bricks or stones, such as common bond, Flemish bond, etc.

Bracket A projecting support placed under an architectural overhang such as a cornice; often ornate.

Building A structure, such as a house, barn, church, hotel, courthouse, city hall, social hall, commercial structure, library, factory, mill, train depot, theater, school, store or similar construction, created to shelter any form of human activity. The term also may refer to a small group of buildings consisting of a main building and subsidiary buildings which constitute an historically and functionally related unit such as a courthouse and jail, house and barn, mansion and carriage house, church and rectory, and farmhouse and related outbuildings.

Canopy A rigid, flat roof-like structure, sloping and draining towards the building.

94

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Capital The top member (cap) of a column.

Casement window/ A window sash which is side-hinged; a window having casement sashes. Casement sash

Casing The exposed architectural trim or lining around a wall opening.

Certificate of A certificate issued by the Commission indicating its approval of plans for Appropriateness alteration, construction, removal, or demolition of a landmark or of a structure within an historic district or in the environs thereof, based primarily on design considerations.

Certificate of Economic A certificate issued by the Commission indicating its approval of plans for Hardship alteration, construction, removal, or demolition of a landmark or of a structure within an historic district or in the environs thereof based primarily on economic considerations.

Certified Local Government A program of the National Park Service designed to promote the (CLG) preservation of prehistoric and historic sites, structures, objects, buildings, and historic districts by establishing a partnership between the local government, the historic preservation department, a division of the Kansas State Historical Society, and the National Park Service. A certified local government carries out the purposes of the National Historic Preservation Act, as amended. Each certified local government is required to maintain a system of ongoing surveys compatible with the Kansas Historic Preservation Department process.

City The municipal corporation named the City of Lawrence, Kansas.

City Commission The Governing Body of the City of Lawrence, Kansas.

City limits The established corporate boundary of the City of Lawrence, Kansas.

Column A long vertical structural member that supports a load; in classical terms, a cylindrical support having a base, shaft, and capital. (Note: In the Doric order the column has no base.)

Commission The Historic Resources Commission of the City of Lawrence, Kansas, unless otherwise indicated.

Commissioners Members of the Historic Resources Commission, unless otherwise indicated.

95

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Conservation (See Historic Preservation).

Construction (1) The act of adding an addition to an existing structure or the erection of a new principal or accessory structure on a lot or property. (2) An addition to an existing structure or a new principal or accessory structure.

Context A conceptual framework for determining the significant patterns that individual properties represent consisting of components that surround a resource and determine its meaning more clearly.

Contributing (or A significant building, site, structure, or object which adds to the Contributory) architectural qualities, historic association, or archeological values of an historic district because: (1) It was present during the pertinent historic time; or (2) It possesses integrity and reflects its significant historic character or is capable of yielding important information about the pertinent historic period;

Cornice Strictly, the upper projecting part of an entablature; the exterior assembly which closes the joint between the wall and roof of a building.

Demolition Any act or process that destroys in part or in whole a landmark or a structure within an historic district, or the environs thereof.

Design criteria A standard of appropriate activity that will preserve the historic and architectural character of a structure or area.

Design Review The whole of the process whereby proposals for alterations to properties are assessed for appropriateness by City Staff of the Historic Resources Commission. Certificate of Appropriateness Review.

Designation Official recognition of an historic landmark or historic district by the Commission and the City Commission according to the procedures and provisions in this Chapter.

Developer Any person who:

(1) Causes real property to be used for development;

(2) Sells, leases or develops; offers to sell, lease, or develop; or advertises for sale, lease or development any lot, plot, parcel, site, unit of interest, or structure for development; or

96

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

(3) Engages directly or through an agent in the business or occupation of selling, leasing, developing, or offering for sale, lease or development, any lot, plot, parcel, site, unit of interest, or structure for development. (Ord. 5950, Sec. 1)

Development A subdivision; the construction or reconstruction of streets and utilities, the construction, expansion or remodeling of structures; a change in the use of a structure or parcel, or the clearing of land.

District (See Historic District)

Dormer A roofed structure with a vertical window that projects from a pitched roof.

Double-hung window A window with two vertical sliding sashes, each closing half of the window opening.

Downtown, downtown area For the purposes of this document, that area which is included within the boundaries of the Downtown Conservation Overlay District.

Eave The lower part of a roof that projects beyond the wall.

Elevation The perpendicular view of a side of a building; an accurate drawing of one side of a building that represents its true dimensions in the plane perpendicular to the line of sight.

Ell A wing or addition extended at a right angle from the principal dimension of building, resulting in an “L” shaped plan,

Environs Any structure, object, or site that directly contributes to the architectural and/or historical significance of a landmark or historic district. Structures, objects, or sites which are located in part, or in their entirety, within 250 feet of the boundaries of a locally-designated historic property, landmark or historic district, or within 500 feet of a nationally-designated historic property or district. See Chapter 22 of the Codes of the City of Lawrence for more information.

Exterior Architectural The architectural character and general composition of the exterior of a Appearance structure, including but not limited to the kind, color, and texture of the building material and the type, design, and character of all windows, doors, light fixtures, signs, and appurtenant elements.

Facade The exterior front or principal face of a building that faces a street or other open space; usually the most ornate or articulated elevation.

97

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Fanlight A half-circular or half-elliptical window; often placed over a door.

Fascia Any long, flat horizontal band or member.

Fenestration The arrangement, pattern, and design of window and door openings in a building.

Form The overall shape of a structure (i.e., most structures are rectangular in form).

Frontispiece An ornamental portal or entrance bay around a main door.

Gable The vertical triangular shape of a building wall above the cornice height, formed by two sloping roof planes.

Header In brick masonry, a brick laid so that its end is exposed in the finished wall surface.

Hip The external angle at the intersection of two roof planes; a hip roof has roof planes that slope toward the eaves on all sides of the building.

Historic Preservation The study, identification, protection, restoration and rehabilitation of buildings, structures, objects, districts, areas and sites significant in the history, architecture, archeology or culture of the city, state or nation.

Historic Preservation Department within the Kansas State Historical Society which assists the State Department Historical Preservation Officer (SHPO) in promoting the identification and conservation of the state's historic resources, according to the Kansas Historic Preservation Act, as authorized by the Historical Preservation Act of 1966.

Historic District 1) For the purposes of this document, the area indicated by the boundaries of the Downtown Lawrence Historic District, nominated to the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.

2) An area designated as an historic district by ordinance of the City Commission and which may contain within definable geographic boundaries one or more significant sites, structures or objects and which may have within its boundaries other properties or structures that, while not of such historic and/or architectural significance to be designated as landmarks, nevertheless contribute to the overall visual characteristics of the significant sites, structures or objects located within the historic district.

98

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Historically or Possessing that quality present in an area, site, structure, object or district Architecturally Significant because it:

(1) Its character, interest, or value as part of the development, heritage or cultural characteristics of the community, county, state, or nation;

(2) Its location as a site of a significant local, county, state, or national event;

(3) Its identification with a person or persons who significantly contributed to the development of the community, county, state, or nation;

(4) Its embodiment of distinguishing characteristics of an architectural style valuable for the study of a period, type, method of construction, or use of indigenous materials;

(5) Its identification as a work of a master builder, designer, architect, or landscape architect whose individual work has influenced the development of the community, county, state or nation;

(6) Its embodiment of elements of design, detailing, materials, or craftsmanship that render it architecturally significant;

(7) Its embodiment of design elements that make it structurally or architecturally innovative;

(8) Its unique location or singular physical characteristics that make it an established or familiar visual feature;

(9) Its character as a particularly fine or unique example of a utilitarian structure; including, but not limited to farmhouses, gas stations, or other commercial structures, with a high level of integrity or architectural significance;

Hood A projecting cover placed over an opening to shelter it.

Improvement Any physical change in a structure or property including the adding of exterior features, any change in landscape features, alteration of a structure, new construction, painting or repainting, reconstruction, restoration or remodeling, but excluding normal maintenance.

99

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

In kind Replacement building component matching the original component in material, size, profile, texture, and color.

Kansas Register The current Kansas Register of Historic Places as prepared, approved and amended by the Kansas Historic Sites Board of Review and authorized by K.S.A. 75-2715 et seq.

Landmark A site, structure or object designated as a landmark by ordinance of the City Commission, pursuant to procedures prescribed herein, that is worthy of rehabilitation, restoration, and preservation because of its historic and/or architectural significance to the City.

Landscape feature Any element or component of outdoor open space Including, but not limited to, fences, walls, retaining walls, gates, sidewalks, walkways, driveways, parking lots, patios, terraces, decks, ground cover, trees, plants, outdoor furniture, exterior light standards, fountains, statuary, detached signs and other such elements.

Lawrence Register The current Lawrence Register of Historic Places as prepared, approved and amended by the Historic Resources Commission and authorized by ordinance.

Light A pane of glass installed in a window sash.

Lintel A horizontal structural member that spans an opening, for example a window lintel.

Lot A portion of a subdivision or other parcel of land intended as a unit of ownership and occupied or intended to be occupied by one main structure and accessory structures or a complex of structures, including open spaces and parking. A lot may be more than one lot of record or may be a metes and bounds described tract having its principal frontage upon a street or officially approved place.

Lot of Record A lot which is a part of a subdivision, the plat of which has been recorded in the Office of the Register of Deeds or a lot described by metes-and-bounds, the description of which has been recorded in the Office of the Register of Deeds.

Mansard A roof that is double pitched, the lower being much steeper, designed to allow a full story height within the attic space.

Marker A sign used to label or identify a designated landmark or historic district as an architecturally significant property.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Marquee A large rigid, flat roof-like structure erected only over the entrance to a building.

Mass Bulk or physical, three-dimensional size of an object.

Massing The combination of several masses to create a building volume; organization of the shape of a building, as differentiated from wall treatment, fenestration, etc.

Material The physical elements that were combined or deposited in a particular pattern or configuration to form a property.

Mullion A vertical member separating windows, doors, or panels set in series; often used for structural purposes.

Muntin A slender member separating and encasing panes of glass in a window sash.

National Register The current National Register of Historic Places established by passage of the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966, 80 Stat. 915, 16 U.S.C. 470 et seq., as amended.

Noncontributing (or A building, site, structure, or object that does not add to the architectural noncontributory) qualities, historic association, or archeological values of a landmark or historic district because:

(1) It was not present during the pertinent time; or

(2) Due to alterations, disturbances, additions, or other changes, it no longer possesses integrity nor reflects its significant historic character or is incapable of yielding important information about the pertinent historic period.

Normal Maintenance and Any improvement or work for which a building permit is not required by city Repair ordinance, designed to correct deterioration, decay or damage and restore, as may be practical, a structure or property to the condition that existed prior to the deterioration, decay or damage.

Nuisances Physical conditions (affecting land, water, groundwater, the air, noise levels, or other elements of the environment) that endanger human health or safety, Injure persons or property, or constitute a clear danger to property.

Object Those physical items that have functional, aesthetic, cultural, historical or scientific value and are relatively small in scale and simply constructed. While

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

an object may be, by nature or design, movable, it should be located in a specific setting or environment appropriate to its significant historic use, role or character. Objects include sculptures, monuments, street signs, fence posts, hitching posts, mileposts, boundary markers, statuary, and fountains.

Orientation Generally, orientation refers to the manner in which a building relates to the street. The entrance to the building plays a large role in the orientation of a building; whereas, it should face the street.

Owner(s), Owner(s) of Those individuals, partnerships, firms, corporations, public agencies, or any Record other legal entity holding title to property but not including legal entities holding mere easements or leasehold interests. (May also be referred to as property owner(s).) Current owner(s) of record are those listed as owners on the records of the register of deeds.

Pane A flat sheet of glass cut to size for glazing use in a window; also called a light.

Parapet A low guarding wall at the edge of a roof or balcony; the portion of a fire wall or party wall above the roof level.

Parge, parging A coating of cement-based mortar (stucco) applied over rough masonry work.

Pedestrian oriented, An overall design composition characterized by building scales, massing, pedestrian orientation orientation, and integrated functional, material, and architectural elements that produce a visual and spatial richness of experience attuned for people traveling on foot, at walking speed, rather than being maximized for vehicular traffic. Differentiation of space is varied and the streetscape is engaging, providing many transitional, public-private areas, doorways, opportunities for stopping, etc.

Pediment The triangular gable end of a roof above a horizontal cornice; a similar triangular form over a door or window.

Pergola A garden structure with an open wood-framed roof, often latticed.

Period A chronological division identified in the analysis of the historical development to an area or region (i.e., Victorian, Modern).

Person Any individual, firm, association, organization, partnership, business, trust, corporation, or company.

Pilaster A flat vertical element applied to the wall surface that simulates a classical

102

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

column.

Pitch, roof The slope of a roof; usually expressed as a ratio of vertical rise to horizontal run (inches vertical in 12 inches horizontal).

Plan A two-dimensional view of a building, or horizontal section of it, seen from above; hence, a precise drawing showing the arrangement of design, including wall openings and dimensions.

Porch A structure attached to a building to shelter an entrance or to serve as a semi- enclosed space, usually roofed and generally open-sided.

Preservation (See Historic Preservation).

Project Activities involving the issuance of a lease, permit, license, certificate or other entitlements for use, to any party by the City.

Property An area of land, undivided by any street, alley, railroad, stream, or similar physical feature, under common ownership or control, which is or will be occupied by one structure or land use, and any accessory structures and uses. A property could be made up of one or more lots of record, one or more portions of a lot or lots of record, or any combination thereof. The term shall include landscape features.

Proportion The relation of one dimension to another; usually described as a numerical ratio; in architecture, proportions determine the creation of visual order through coordination of shapes in a design.

Protection The application of measures to defend, guard, cover or shield a building, site, structure, or object from deterioration, loss, attack, danger, or injury. In the case of buildings, structures or objects such measures generally are of a temporary nature and usually precede preservation measures.

Quoin A masonry (or simulated masonry) unit applied to the corner of a building; often slightly projecting.

Reconstruction/Reconstruct The reproduction of the exact form and detail of a vanished building, site, structure or object or a part thereof, as it appeared at a pertinent time using both original and modern materials and based on precise historical documentation and physical evidence.

Rehabilitation/Rehabilitate The act of returning a building, site, structure or object to a useful state through its repair and/or alteration while retaining the characteristic features

103

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

of the property which are significant to its historical and architectural value.

Remodeling Modification and modernization of a structure or property without striving to return to or replicate the original historical and architectural character of the structure or property.

Removal Any relocation of a structure in whole or in part on its site or to another site.

Repair Any change to a structure or object that is not construction, removal or alteration.

Resource Any building, site, structure, object or area that constitutes a source of present and future usefulness.

Restoration/Restore The act of accurately recovering the form and details, based on precise historical documentation and physical evidence, of a building, site, structure or object as it appeared at a pertinent time including the removal of improvements that are not appropriate and the replacement of missing or deteriorated features.

Rhythm In architecture, the repeated pattern of building elements such as doors, rooflines, cornices, structural bays, and windows.

Ridge, Ridge line The horizontal line formed by the juncture of the upper edges of two sloping roof planes.

Right-of-Way A strip of land occupied or intended to be occupied by a street, crosswalk, footpath, railroad, road, electric transmission line, oil or gas pipeline, water main, sanitary or storm sewer main, or for another special use.

Sash The movable framework holding the glass in a window.

Scale The size of structure as it appears to the pedestrian.

Segmental arch An arch in which the arched portion is less than a semi-circle.

Shed roof A single-pitched roof over a small room; often attached to a main structure.

Shutter An external movable screen or door used to cover a wall opening, especially a window; originally for security purposes; often confused with louvered blinds.

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GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Sidelight A framed area of fixed glass alongside a door or window opening.

Sign Any surface, fabric, device or display designed to visually convey information to the general public.

Sign, awning Business-identifying information applied to or painted on the surface of an awning, canopy, or marquee.

Sign, hanging 1) Small, horizontally-oriented rectangular signs that are suspended below an awning, canopy, or marquee but above pedestrians’ heads; printed on both sides;

Sign, projecting 1) A medium-sized, square or rectangular shaped sign that projects perpendicularly from the building wall, mounted on a bracket or brace; printed on both sides.

Sign, wall A flush-mounted, usually horizontally-oriented sign affixed to the exterior surface of a building; printed on one side only.

Sign, window Identifying or informative signage painted on, or affixed flush to the interior surface of a window. Used at the street level and on upper floors.

Sign frieze Typically, the area on a traditional storefront located above the transom and below the second-floor windows.

Significant (See Historically or Architecturally Significant)

Sill The horizontal lower member of a window or other frame.

Site The location of a significant event, a prehistoric or historic occupation or activity, or a building or structure, whether standing, ruined or vanished, where the location itself possesses historic, cultural or archeological value regardless of the value of any existing structure. Examples of sites include habitation sites, burial sites, village sites, hunting and fishing sites, ceremonial sites, battlefields, ruins of historic buildings and structures, campsites, designed landscapes, natural features, springs, and landscapes having cultural significance.

Site plan An accurate scaled drawing of a site (lot) as if seen from above, describing the property boundary and orientation, the location of buildings, driveways, walks and other constructed site improvements, the retained vegetation, and

105

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

new plantings and finished grade contours.

Skylight A glazed opening in a roof plane that admits light.

Stoop An uncovered platform and steps at an entrance.

Storefront The street-level part of a building facade normally divided into two three main parts, framed on either side by piers (usually masonry, sometimes cast iron columns), topped by a steel lintel or a midlevel cornice, and filled by a transparency of glass. The storefront includes glass display windows, typically with transom windows above that let light into the back of the store. Other features include a recessed entryway and bulkheads below the display windows. Historic materials for bulkheads include wood, granite, brick, marble and ceramic tiles.

Street A right-of-way, other than an alley, dedicated to the public use, which provides principal access to adjacent properties.

Streetscape A setting or expanse consisting of the street, landscaping, and buildings along a street, as seen by the eye in one view; how elements of the street form a cohesive visual and physical environment.

Stretcher A brick laid with the long side visible in the finished work.

String course A horizontal course of masonry or wood trim which projects from a wall.

Structure Anything constructed or erected, the use of which requires permanent or temporary location on or in the ground, including, but without limiting the generality of the foregoing: buildings, fences, gazebos, advertising signs, billboards, backstops for tennis courts, radio and television antennae, including supporting towers, and swimming pools.

Style The specific identifying characteristics of a building both as it appears to the eye and as it is known to exist in design and structure.

Symmetrical A similarity of form or arrangement on either side of a dividing line.

Traditional Based on or established by the history of the area.

Transom A horizontal bar of wood or stone separating a door from a transom window above it. See also transom window.

106

GLOSSARY OF TERMS

Transom window A small window or series of panes above a door or entryway, or above a casement or double-hung window.

Use The specific purpose for which a structure or property is utilized.

Upper story, stories Building floors located above the street level floor.

Upper facade The façade area of a building starting from just above the street level façade and extending up to the highest part.

Utility structure A category of structures intended primarily to serve a utilitarian or useful function rather than for beauty. Utilitarian structures may include, but are not limited to, structures used for agriculture, storage, transportation and industry and certain moderate residential buildings. (Ord. 5950, Sec. 1)

107

108 Pre-Application Meeting Required Planner ______Date ______Application Number DR-______Date Received______Type______

th 6 East 6 St. www.lawrenceks.org/pds Phone 785-832-3150 P.O. Box 708 Tdd 785-832-3205 Lawrence, KS 66044 Fax 785-832-3160 DESIGN REVIEW APPLICATION

PROPERTY INFORMATION Address of Property Legal Description (may be attached) ______OWNER INFORMATION Name(s) ______Contact ______Address City State ZIP Phone ( ) Fax ( ) E-mail Mobile/Pager ( ) APPLICANT/AGENT INFORMATION Contact ____ Company ____ Address City State ZIP Phone ( ) Fax ( ) E-mail Mobile/Pager ( )

Existing Zoning Existing Land Use Proposed Land Use

Total site area Current Appraised Value Existing Building Footprint Open Space Area

# of Buildings Estimated Cost of Construction Proposed Building Footprint Pavement Coverage

Are you also submitting any of the following applications? Building Permit Site Plan Special Use Permit Zoning Change

Variance Other (specify)

Application Form Page 1 of 4 Design Review Application 12/09/2008

Property Address:______

Detailed Description of Proposed Project: (Attach additional sheets if necessary)

Reason for Request: (Attach additional sheets if necessary)

Application Form Page 2 of 4 Design Review Application 12/09/2008

Architect/Engineer/Contractor Information: Please provide name and phone number of any persons associated with the project. Contact ____ Company ____ Address City State ZIP Phone ( ) Fax ( ) E-mail Mobile/Pager ( )

REQUIRED ATTACHMENTS: Photographs of existing structure and site Scaled or dimensioned site plan Scaled elevation drawings Scaled or dimensioned floor plans Materials list Digital copy of application materials

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION MAY BE REQUIRED BASED ON THE SCOPE OF THE PROJECT

SIGNATURE I/We, the undersigned am/are the (owner(s)), (duly authorized agent), (Circle One) of the aforementioned property. By execution of my/our signature, I/we do hereby officially apply for design review approval as indicated above.

Signature(s): Date

Date

Date

Note: If signing by agent submit Owner Authorization Form

Application Form Page 3 of 4 Design Review Application 12/09/2008

th 6 East 6 St. www.lawrenceks.org/pds Phone 785-832-3150 P.O. Box 708 Tdd 785-832-3205 Lawrence, KS 66044 Fax 785-832-3160

OWNER AUTHORIZATION

I/WE______, hereby referred to as the “Undersigned”, being of lawful age, do hereby on this ______day of ______, 200__, make the following statements to wit:

1. I/We the Undersigned, on the date first above written, am/are the lawful owner(s) in fee simple absolute of the following described real property:

See “Exhibit A, Legal Description” attached hereto and incorporated herein by reference.

2. I/We the undersigned, have previously authorized and hereby authorize ______(Herein referred to as “Applicant”), to act on my/our behalf for the purpose of making application with the Planning Office of Lawrence/Douglas County, Kansas, regarding ______(common address), the subject property, or portion thereof. Such authorization includes, but is not limited to, all acts or things whatsoever necessarily required of Applicant in the application process.

3. It is understood that in the event the Undersigned is a corporation or partnership then the individual whose signature appears below for and on behalf of the corporation of partnership has in fact the authority to so bind the corporation or partnership to the terms and statements contained within this instrument.

IN WITNESS THEREOF, I, the Undersigned, have set my hand and seal below.

______Owner Owner

STATE OF KANSAS COUNTY OF DOUGLAS

The foregoing instrument was acknowledged before me on this ______day of ______, 200__,

by ______.

My Commission Expires: ______Notary Public

Owner Authorization Form Page 4 of 4 Design Review Application 7/1/2006

6 East 6th St. www.lawrenceks.org/pds Phone 785-832-3150 P.O. Box 708 Tdd 785-832-3205 Lawrence, KS 66044 Fax 785-832-3160 REQUIRED INFORMATION FOR APPLICATIONS TO THE HISTORIC RESOURCES COMMISSION Use the checklist below to be sure your application is complete.

GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Application Be sure to note if other applications (site plans, variance requests, etc.) have been submitted. Make sure that the application is signed and dated. Include a digital copy of application and supporting materials.

Written Description Describe clearly and in detail the nature of your project. Include exact dimensions for materials to be used (e.g. width of siding, window trim, etc.) Attach additional documents and pages as necessary.

Drawings Submitted drawings must be sufficiently clear, detailed and dimensioned in order to adequately communicate the scope of the proposed project. The applicant should include dimensional drawings of each effected elevation and floor plans of the structure. Staff may require more information based on submission and scope of the project. Two copies are required if submitting 11” x 17” or smaller drawings. Drawings over 11” by 17” must have 15 copies submitted with the application. Applicants are encouraged to submit one full size copy of the plans and two 11” x 17” or smaller copies. A digital copy of the drawings is also required.

Site Plan Scaled or dimensioned site plan. Include location of all existing and proposed structures, outside features (retaining walls, historic limestone curbing and hitching posts, etc.), and materials to be used.

Description of Materials and Construction Techniques (This may be noted on the required drawings or described on page 2 of the Application.) Please note window and door specifications if proposing replacement.

Photographs Include photographs of each elevation of the property and any important architectural details. The property owner will allow staff access to the property to photo document the project.

ADDITIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Statement of Building Condition (Include if proposing demolition) Structural analysis, completed by an engineer or licensed building contractor, of the structure to be demolished. Repair vs. Replacement Cost Analysis (Include if proposing demolition) Statement describing the cost to repair the structure to be demolished and the cost to build a new structure of equal size and materials. This information will help in the determination of the feasibility of rehabilitation. Copy of Demolition or Sign Permit If applicant is proposing demolition or to install a sign, include a copy of the sign or demolition permit.

Revised 12/09/2008 DESIGN GUIDELINES 8TH AND PENN NEIGHBORHOOD REDEVELOPMENT ZONE

24 OCTOBER, 2006

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Harris Construction Lawrence, Kansas Bo Harris, President Hunter Harris, Vice President

Big Prairie Development, LLC Kansas City, Missouri

East Lawrence Neighborhood Association Lawrence, Kansas Ed Tato, Liaison

City of Lawrence Lawrence/Douglas County Planning Office Shelia Stogsdill, Director of Planning Lynn Braddock-Zollner, Historic Resources Administrator

Lawrence Historic Resources Commission Lawrence/Douglas County Planning Commission

Kansas State Historical Society Cultural Resources Division Patrick Zollner, Deputy State Historic Preservation Officer Katrina L. Klingaman, Federal and State Tax Credit Program Sarah Martin, National Register Program Bob Bettis, CLG/Review and Compliance Program

BNIM Architects Kansas City, Missouri Steve McDowell, FAIA Eddy Krygiel, AIA Rick Schladweiler, AIA Mike Pollmann

Historical Preservation Services, LLC Kansas City, Missouri Sally Fullerton Schwenk, Partner Anne E. Schwenk, Editor/Quality Control

Hernly & Associates Stan Hernley Lawrence, Kansas

Polsenelli Sahlton Welton Suelthaus, PC Kansas City, Missouri Korb Maxwell

Guidelines Prepared by Historic Preservation Services LLC and BNIM Architects for Submittal by Harris Construction to the City of Lawrence, Kansas. February 23, 2006. Illustrations taken from National Park Service Technical Preservation Services Publications.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS April 14, 2006

TABLE OF CONTENTS

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...... 4

ENVIRONS OVERVIEW...... 8

ZONING: LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS...... 11

DESIGN GUIDELINES...... 13

GENERAL GUIDELINES ...... 16

ZONE 1: HISTORIC DISTRICT...... 22

• NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT...... 22 • ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS...... 22

ƒ Roof Systems ...... 22 ƒ Concrete...... 24 ƒ Brick and Stone Masonry ...... 26 ƒ Replacement of Missing Masonry Features ...... 29 ƒ Siding...... 30 ƒ Wood Materials...... 30 ƒ Architectural Metal Features...... 31 ƒ Windows ...... 32 ƒ Entrance Doors...... 36 ƒ Garage and Loading Dock Doors ...... 37 ƒ Alterations to Rear and Secondary Elevations ...... 39 ƒ New Additions ...... 41

• NEW INFILL CONSTRUCTION...... 44

• SITE AND SETTING — EXTERIOR FEATURES AND OPEN SPACE...... 46

ƒ Setting...... 46 ƒ Landscape ...... 48 ƒ Parking ...... 49 ƒ Lighting ...... 49 ƒ Awnings...... 50 ƒ Access ...... 51 ƒ Signage...... 52

ZONE 2: STREETSCAPES AND ALLEYS...... 56

• NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT ...... 56

• ACCESS ...... 56

• STREETSCAPE...... 56 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS April 14, 2006

• LANDSCAPE...... 58

• LIGHTING...... 59

• PARKING ...... 60

ZONE 3: 800 PENNSYLVANIA MIXED-USE ZONE ...... 62

• NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT ...... 62

• SUSTAINABILITY...... 62

• RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS...... 63

ƒ Architectural Characteristics and Materials...... 63 ƒ Built to Lines and Setbacks...... 64 ƒ Landscape ...... 64 ƒ Parking ...... 64 ƒ Lighting ...... 65

• COMMERCIAL/RETAIL CORNER BUILDINGS ...... 65

ƒ Architectural Characteristics and Materials...... 65 ƒ Build to Lines and Setbacks ...... 67 ƒ Signage...... 67 ƒ Access ...... 68 ƒ Parking ...... 68 ƒ Lighting ...... 69

ZONE 4: EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ...... 72

• NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT ...... 72

• SUSTAINABILITY...... 72

• INFRASTRUCTURE...... 72

• ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS ...... 72

• LANDSCAPE...... 73

• ACCESS ...... 73

• PARKING ...... 73

• SIGNAGE...... 73

• LIGHTING...... 74

APPENDIX A – Preferred Trees for Northeast Kansas ...... 75

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS April 14, 2006 APPENDIX B – 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment – Estimated Square Footage ...... 83

APPENDIX C – City of Lawrence Land Development Code – Density and Dimensional Standards...... 84

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines TABLE OF CONTENTS April 14, 2006

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

The 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone is located in the historic East Lawrence manufacturing and railroad freight area and is part of the East Lawrence residential neighborhood. The proximity of the Kansas River made the historic industrial zone an ideal location for rail lines and associated freighting and manufacturing facilities. The redevelopment zone is composed of buildings, structures, and streetscapes that developed over a period of time and that had a variety of uses. Today, as in the past, there is a heterogeneous mix of warehouse and commercial/industrial facilities dating to the 1880s, large open spaces once used for rail yards and warehousing facilities, and several large, modern light industrial facilities. Although many of the older buildings and structures retain an individually distinct character and identity, their design patterns also contribute to the overall appearance of the area. Immediately adjacent to the west and south of the redevelopment zone are historic residential neighborhoods. These commercial/industrial and residential enclaves are separated by blocks that have lost their historic residential use and now are made up of vacant lots and/or a mix of commercial uses.

As in many communities, new residential and commercial growth presents unique challenges for this type of older mixed-use neighborhood. While individual buildings may have the potential to attract new businesses, if the area as a whole is to become viable, it must compete with other local and regional development zones. Experience demonstrates areas that create and/or retain a unique visual character that combines the historic and the new to enhance an existing “sense of place” are the most successful competitors.

The City of Lawrence has initiated a number of strategies to preserve, rehabilitate, and enhance the appearance of its older neighborhoods. This approach recognizes that conservation of buildings, neighborhoods, and sites of historic value is one of the best tools for recovering the worth of past investments while fueling a new economic force. To accommodate revitalization of this neighborhood and to merge old and new land uses, the redevelopment project will include changing the base zoning to C-5 and creating an Urban Conservation Overlay District (UC-O District) in accordance with the ordinances of the City of Lawrence, Kansas. There are historic resources located in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone that are eligible for listing in the National Register of Historic Places and the Register of Historic Kansas Places. With the anticipated listing of these properties, all work (rehabilitation and new construction) in the redevelopment zone will be reviewed in accordance with the Kansas Historic Preservation Act of 1977, as amended,1 and, possibly, Section 106 of the National Preservation Act of 1966, as amended,2 to consider and mitigate the impact of development and adaptive reuse on the historic resources. It is also anticipated that the owners of qualifying historic buildings will participate in federal and state rehabilitation tax credit programs.

Because of these goals, the following design guidelines incorporate the “Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation of Historic Properties”, which apply not only to rehabilitation for the adaptive reuse of historic and older buildings, but also to new construction and site development. The Secretary’s Standards are currently incorporated into federal, state, and local compliance ordinances and laws, and have been upheld by state and federal courts as a reasonable standard by which to guide protection of cultural resources.

1 The Kansas statute requires that the State Historic Preservation Office and/or its local designee review and comment on proposed projects (such as this project) undertaken by other parties, but requiring issuance of a lease, permit, license, or other entitlement for use from the State of Kansas or any political subdivision of the State of Kansas that would affect a property and/or the environs of a property listed in the National Register of Historic Places or the Register of Historic Kansas Places. 2 This will occur if the project involves an undertaking by a federal agency, such as funding, financing, grants, issuance of permits, and so forth.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines EXECUTIVE SUMMARY April 14, 2006 4

These design guidelines will be incorporated into an Urban Conservation Overlay District zoning ordinance to ensure compliance with local, state, and federal preservation laws and will thereby provide a consistent set of standards specific to the built environment and physical conditions of the redevelopment zone.

The goal in utilizing these guidelines is not to reproduce a historical period or theme approach. The intent is to identify and protect historic resources and to utilize significant common historic patterns in the existing built environment that will contribute to a sense of place, while retaining and enhancing the existing historic fabric and visual character of the development zone. Inherent in these guidelines is the provision of direction to property owners and developers to ensure that changes to properties — rehabilitation, renovation, demolition, and new construction — enhance and complement the unique character of East Lawrence. The intended purpose of using these guidelines is to help accomplish the following:

1. Foster economic viability by encouraging redevelopment and new development.

2. Regulate exterior scale, massing, design, arrangement, texture, and materials within the conservation zone in order to not only promote compatibility within the development zone, but also to create linkages with the surrounding neighborhoods.

3. Preserve and protect the historic and architectural value of buildings, structures, sites, districts, and objects listed in, or eligible for, the National Register of Historic Places, the Register of Kansas Historic Places, and the Lawrence Register of Historic Places.

4. Maintain the unique identity of East Lawrence.

5. Meet the Kansas State Law requirements as set forth in KSA 75-2724 and any amendments hereafter and Chapter 22 of the City of Lawrence Code and any amendments hereafter related to environs review.

6. Build upon historical character and foster diversity while meeting the goals of the Horizon 2020 Comprehensive Plan and the East Lawrence Neighborhood Revitalization Plan.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines EXECUTIVE SUMMARY April 14, 2006 5

FIGURE 1: 8TH AND PENN NEIGHBORHOOD REDEVELOPMENT ZONE

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ENVIRONS OVERVIEW April 14, 2006 6

FIGURE 2: 8TH AND PENN NEIGHBORHOOD REDEVELOPMENT ZONE (ENLARGED)

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ENVIRONS OVERVIEW April 14, 2006 7

ENVIRONS OVERVIEW

The first step in creating an attractive, cohesive sense of place that reflects the historic heterogeneous land uses in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone is to identify character-defining elements and patterns created by these elements that currently provide a sense of place and identity. An analysis of the historic land use and the existing built environment revealed four (4) zones, each with distinctive history and appearance.

ZONE 1: HISTORIC DISTRICT The centerpiece of the redevelopment zone is the group of masonry manufacturing buildings bounded by East 8th Street on the north, Pennsylvania Street on the west, Delaware Street on the east, and East 9th Street on the south that is eligible for listing as a historic district in the National Register of Historic Places. These industrial buildings range from one story to four stories in height and date from the 1880’s through the 1920s. The buildings are ideal candidates for rehabilitation into mixed adaptive uses that will allow them to retain the necessary level of historic architectural integrity to continue to contribute to an understanding of the historic district’s associations with commerce and architecture in Lawrence. These buildings are eligible for participation in federal and state rehabilitation tax credit programs.

ZONE 2: STREETSCAPES AND ALLEYS The redevelopment zone retains many of the elements that defined its historic streetscapes and alleyways. These features and spaces compose the grid of streets, alleys, and sidewalks, as well as the off-axis railroad right-of-way. The majority of the public right-of-way areas are the spaces and infrastructure between the buildings’ façades on both sides of the streets and generally includes the following:

1. Pedestrian spaces between the buildings and street curbs, including landscaping, lighting fixtures, informational signage, pavement materials, and steps accessing residences and driveways to rear lots, alleyways, or off-street parking areas

2. The street which contains lanes of traffic, crosswalks, and vehicle parking adjacent to the curbs

3. Alleyways

4. Railroad right-of-way and associated alignment

Other than the railroad right-of-way features and spaces, these streetscape and alley features are a continuation of the City’s traditional platted grid of street and alley systems of the neighborhoods to the south and west of the redevelopment zone. As a whole, this grid contains important historic character-defining spaces, structures, and materials. The retention of these features will contribute to a visual transition and linkage between the adjacent historic residential streetscapes and the new development in the redevelopment zone. At the same time, retention, restoration, and enhancement augment the character of the East Lawrence Industrial Historic District (Zone 1).

ZONE 3: 800 PENNSYLVANIA MIXED-USE ZONE The streetscape and lots bordering the industrial/manufacturing zone in the block bounded by East 8th on the North, Pennsylvania Street on the east, the alley between Pennsylvania Street and New Jersey Street, and East 9th Street on the south was historically a residential street.3 The loss of its historic residential character is due to demolition and the expansion of commercial/industrial buildings westward. This zone is adjacent to two intact residential areas — one west of New Jersey Street and one south of East 9th Street — that are part of the large East Lawrence historic residential neighborhood. Within Zone 3, there do not appear to be any historic buildings with sufficient integrity to communicate associations with the period of significance of the National Register East

3 The residential streetscape is intact in the Sanborn Fire Insurance Company map of 1927, a date that generally coincides with the end of the period of significance of the National Register East Lawrence Industrial Historic District.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ENVIRONS OVERVIEW April 14, 2006 8

Lawrence Industrial Historic District that comprises Zone 1 or with the residential resources on New Jersey Street. Zone 3 has the potential to become a transition zone between the existing single-family residential neighborhoods on the boundary of the redevelopment zone to the new commercial and residential uses planned in the redevelopment zone. In particular, this zone is ideal for development into higher density residential and limited commercial uses.

ZONE 4: EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ZONE This zone is composed of several irregularly shaped parcels that are adjacent to the railroad right-of-way and have traditionally served as areas for light manufacturing, storage, and railroad-related activities. Open space and temporary and permanent storage and manufacturing facilities defined these areas historically. Most of the buildings were large facilities of one to two stories in height aligned to both the historic street grid and the railroad’s diagonal right-of-way and associated infrastructure. The infrastructure of this zone is industrial, featuring random curbing and no sidewalks. Within Zone 4, there do not appear to be any historic buildings dating to the period of significance of the buildings found in Zone 1 or to the residential enclave to the west. There are, however, buildings that are more than fifty years of age. Among them are Quonset Hut buildings dating to the World War II period and erected for industrial purposes. These areas within Zone 4 provide opportunities for new types of development that would retain open spaces and enhance the visual connection to the railroad right-of-way.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ENVIRONS OVERVIEW April 14, 2006 9

FIGURE 3: ZONE OVERVIEW

LAND USE PLAN

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ENVIRONS OVERVIEW April 14, 2006 10

ZONING: LAND USE AND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS

As stated in the East Lawrence Neighborhood Revitalization Plan, the unique character of the East Lawrence residential neighborhood is, in part, the coexistence of commercial, manufacturing and residential uses of land. In other words, this neighborhood has traditionally been a mixed-use community. Redevelopment and new development within the East Lawrence neighborhood should respect and expand this mixed-use tradition. The redevelopment concept for the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone proposes to do that through creating a horizontal and vertical mixture of land uses including residential, professional offices, inner-neighborhood commercial uses, and retail operations. Unfortunately at this time the Lawrence Zoning Code provides limited means and districts that provide for this type of development. Currently the only feasible way under the Lawrence Code to develop a mixed-use project in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone is through a two-step procedure, including 1) the property in question must be rezoned to a base zoning district that controls the land uses within the district and 2) an Urban Conservation Overlay District (“UC-O District”) must be created that will control the design and development standards of the district.

LAND USE ALLOCATION As the impetus to rezone the property and create a UC-O District for the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone is premised on creating a vital mixed-used neighborhood, it is important that restrictions be crafted that insure this vision comes to light. Namely, neither the Developer, City, nor the East Lawrence Neighborhood Association, desires this property to be developed for “big box” retail uses or as an area that is principally retail in use.

As such, retail uses shall be limited to a maximum of 25% of the net floor area for the UC-O District (See Appendix B). In addition, as the Poehler Mercantile Company building is to serve as the anchor and focus of the UC-O District, in no case shall a single retail shop or tenant occupy net floor area in excess of 16,000 square feet at ground floor level. A single retail shop or tenant may occupy in excess of 16,000 if they occupy multiple floors.

As currently drafted, the City of Lawrence Code provides limited zoning districts in which mixed-use development, including residential, professional offices, inner neighborhood commercial uses, and retail operations, may occur. Of these available districts, the City of Lawrence planning staff determined C-5, limited commercial district, the most appropriate zoning district for the 8th and Pennsylvania Neighborhood Redevelopment. While C-5 is the appropriate zoning for this redevelopment, this does not currently comply with Horizon 2020. As a result, there is currently a text amendment submitted to correct this omission. As such, Zones 1, 2 and 3 will be rezoned to a C-5 zoning district. This underlying base zoning will control the use of land, buildings, and structures within Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4.

DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT STANDARDS Mixed-use development cannot easily meet the requirements of traditional zoning districts. Successful mixed-use development can only thrive in areas that not only allow for the mixture of land uses, but also allow development of adequate density so that “critical mass” may be achieved. The development standards found in traditional zoning districts are antithetical to creating this critical mass. Development standards that were drafted on the premise of low-density development that segregates and buffers differing land uses from each other through lot size regulations, large setbacks, height and density regulations, and parking minimums limit the development of mixed- use projects. The Lawrence Code recognized this problem and has provided a solution – the UC-O District. A UC-O District allows the City and a developer to tailor the development standards applicable to an area so that mixed-use development of appropriate size, orientation, and setting can be built within a neighborhood or area. The Lawrence Code provides that upon creation of a UC-O District the specific development and design standards approved by the Historic Resource Committee, the City Commission and City Planning will guide development and redevelopment within the district. The Lawrence Code further provides that when development and design

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines GENERAL GUIDELINES April 14, 2006 11

standards of the underlying base zoning district conflict with the development and design standards of the UC-O District, the standards of the UC-O District will govern.

The following development standards shall apply within this UC-O District:

LOT AREA AND YARD REGULATIONS

8th & Penn Standard CS IG UC-O 5,000 Min. Site Area - NA sq.ft. Max. Site Area - – NA 5,000 Min. Lot Area (sq. ft.) 5,000 1872 [5] Min. Lot Width (ft.) 100 [5] 50 16’ Front [9] 25 [5] [1] NONE [3]/20 Side (Exterior) [2] [9] [1] NONE [5] Side (Interior–adj. R) [9] 10 [5] [1] NONE Side (Interior–adj. Non-R) 0 [1] NONE 20/25 Rear [4] [9] [1] NONE [5] Max. Front Setback NA NA 15’ Max. Lot Coverage (%) 80 [5] 85[5] NA Max. Impervious Lot Cover 80 [5] 75[5] NA (% ) Area (sq. ft.) 50[5] – NA Dimensions (ft.) 5[5] – NA Max. Height (ft.) 35 [5] 75 NA Abutting Street Right –of-Way Across from R District NA 50’ NA Across from Non-R District NA 25 / 50** NA Abutting Other Lot Lines Abutting R District NA 50’ NA Abutting Non-R District NA 15’ NA

**Arterial / Collector

This table (taken from the City of Lawrence Land Development Code 20-601) illustrates the difference in allowable setbacks between a typical C-5 development, and development in the 8th and Penn UC-O District. The elimination of the lot size and setback requirement allows development to obtain an urban density, similar to the commercial nature of historic zone 1 , and promotes the creation of a defined street edge. Large setbacks and lot sizes are not conducive to

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines GENERAL GUIDELINES April 14, 2006 12

the pedestrian friendly environment appropriate to this location. In the case of setbacks, it should be noted that during the site plan review process the City Planning staff may deem setbacks necessary to mitigate impacts.

BUILDING HEIGHT The historic Poehler Mercantile Company building will serve as a visual anchor and reference point for the UC-O District. In keeping with the history of the area, the Poehler building is to remain the tallest structure in the District.

To achieve that goal, all other buildings and structures within the UC-O District shall have a maximum of three stories and 40’-0” above grade. This height restriction would apply to all buildings in the UC-O District and structured cell towers. Cell towers with removable structures would also be allowed in the UC-O District and may exceed this height requirement.

DENSITY Mixed-use development requires adequate residential density so that critical mass may be achieved. As such, the dwelling unit density shall not exceed thirty-four (34) units per net residential acre, as defined in the City of Lawrence Code Section 20-1007, or subsequent applicable City standards. Thirty-Four (34) units per acre were derived from the square footage of the Poehler Building divided by the number of residential units it is designed to hold. This number was compared to, and is lower than, the thirty-five (35) units per residential acre allowed in Lawrence Code for Planned Commercial Developments, Section 20-1008.

BUILDING SETBACK The minimum setback from right-of-way, property, or lot lines allowed in the UC-O District is zero (0). The maximum front yard setback from right-of-way, property lines, or lot lines allowed in the UC-O District is 15’-0”. New development that is roughly coplanar with adjacent buildings and structures is encouraged.

In Zone 4, parking lots or primary buildings shall have a zero foot set back.

PARKING Parking in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone will be designed to reflect the desired mixed-use pedestrian scale character of the Redevelopment Zone. One of the virtues of a mixed-use development is that parking areas can be shared by different users at different times. For example, a residential parking space could be used by an office user while the home owner is away during working hours. This results in a neighborhood that is active, more comfortable for the pedestrian, and better for the environment. The mix of uses proposed in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone allows for a reduction in the parking requirements, typical for zoning districts and land uses more closely associated with heavy vehicular traffic. This reduction creates a more pedestrian friendly district as the residents will not have to cross large expanses of parking to reach their destination. In addition, this will be more environmentally sensitive due to the reduction of heat islands and light pollution commonly caused by large, open parking lots.

Parking density for office/retail/commercial property shall consist of one (1) on- or off-street parking stall for every five hundred (500) square feet of floor area, or one (1) space for each 1.5 employees, which ever is larger. For food related uses, the requirement shall be 1 space per 250 square feet of space. This is consistent with the 1966 City of Lawrence Code for parking, Group 17. Accessible parking stalls will be provided in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG). It is estimated that there will be 46,500 square feet of retail space and 24,500 square feet of office space for an estimated parking requirement of 348 spaces.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines GENERAL GUIDELINES April 14, 2006 13

Parking density for residential property shall consist of one (1) on- or off-street parking stall for every residential unit. For units with 2 bedrooms or more, 2 spaces per unit. This is consistent with the 1966 City of Lawrence Code for parking, Group 2-F. Accessible parking stalls will be provided in accordance with the Americans with Disabilities Act Accessibility Guidelines (ADAAG).

Parking lots shall be setback from the lot line a minimum of three (3) feet to provide room for a vegetated buffer or other type of approved screening. Existing parking in historic Zone 1, and alley ways in all zones, shall be exempt from these requirements.

All off-street parking areas in Zones 3 and 4, and those containing five or more vehicles, shall be effectively screened on each side that adjoins or is across the street from any residential district with a view-reducing barrier. This barrier shall be at least three feet but not more than six feet in height.

Parking lot lighting shall be consistent with section 20-14A03 of the Lawrence Zoning Guidelines, or subsequent applicable City standards, and is discussed further on page 18, in the Lighting section of the Design Guidelines. In order to limit lighting impacts on adjacent residential properties, low bollard lighting will be utilized in parking areas adjacent to these properties in lieu of standard pole lighting.

DESIGN GUIDELINES

In addition to the development standards above, the following design guidelines are proposed to preserve the existing character-defining elements through rehabilitation and to enhance the surrounding areas with compatible new construction that capitalizes on the heterogeneous nature of the zone while also creating a cohesive entity that visually links with the adjacent neighborhoods. Thus, the purpose of these guidelines is to sensitively mediate the forces of change, create an opportunity for architectural innovation and problem solving, and enhance the existing neighborhood fabric. Given the varied nature of the project area, the chosen approach is to apply the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation where applicable to each of the zones identified in the environs review.

Based on over 120 years of evolving preservation methodology involving the identification, evaluation, and protection of historic and cultural resources in Europe and America, “The Secretary of the Interior's Standards for the Treatment of Historic Properties” provides a set of common-sense principles to encourage consistent preservation practices. The Secretary’s Standards for Rehabilitation may be applied to adaptive use of historic buildings, sites, structures, objects, districts, and cultural landscapes as well as to new construction and alterations affecting historic buildings as well as the environs of historic resources.

THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR’S STANDARDS FOR REHABILITATION OF HISTORIC PROPERTIES

1. A (historic) property shall be used for its historic purpose or shall be placed in a new use that requires minimal changes to the defining characteristics of the building and its site and environment. (Applicable to Zone 1)

2. The historic character of a property will be retained and preserved. The removal of historic materials or alterations of features and spaces that characterize a property will be avoided. (Applicable to Zones 1 and 2)

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3. Each property will be recognized as a physical record of its time, place, and use. Changes that create a false sense of historical development, such as adding conjectural features or architectural elements from other buildings shall not be undertaken. (Applicable to Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4)

4. Most properties change over time: those changes that have acquired historic significance in their own right shall be retained and preserved. (Applicable to Zones 1 and 2)

5. Distinctive features, finishes, and construction techniques that are examples of craftsmanship that characterize a property shall be preserved. (Applicable to Zones 1 and 2)

6. Deteriorated historic features will be repaired rather than replaced. Where the severity of deterioration requires replacement of a distinctive feature, the new feature shall match the old in design, color, texture, the visual qualities and, where possible, materials. Replacement of missing features shall be sustained by documentary, physical, or pictorial evidence. (Applicable to Zone 1)

7. Chemical or physical treatments, such as sandblasting, that cause damage to historic materials shall not be used. The surface cleaning of structures, if appropriate, shall be undertaken using the gentlest means possible. (Applicable to Zone 1)

8. Significant archaeological resources affected by a project shall be protected and preserved. If such resources must be disturbed, mitigation measures shall be undertaken. (Applicable to Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4)

9. New additions, exterior alterations, or related new construction shall not destroy historic materials that characterize the property. The new work shall be differentiated from the old and shall be compatible with the massing size, scale, and architectural features to protect the historic integrity of the property and its environment. (Applicable in varying degrees to Zones 1, 2, 3 and 4)

10. New additions and adjacent or related new construction shall be undertaken in such a manner that if removed in the future, the essential form and integrity of the historic property and its environment would be unimpaired. (Applicable to Zone 1)

APPLICATION OF DESIGN GUIDELINES Design guidelines serve as a communication tool in educating property owners and developers as to the community expectations for new construction and renovations of existing buildings. They will also serve as a guide for local, state, and national staff in reviewing various types of applications for alterations prior to the issuance of permits, as well as for utilizing incentives such as the federal and state rehabilitation tax credits. Given the architectural variety, multiple uses, and anticipated development over an extended period of time, the review of proposed alterations and new construction in the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone will be conducted on a case-by-case basis.

These guidelines are not meant to serve as a checklist for “good” design. Nor are they meant to be applied in such a stringent manner as to prevent creative design alternatives. However, it is the intent of these guidelines to provide guidance to the regulatory authorities to ensure that new construction and renovation is consistent with the character-defining elements identified in the guidelines.

REVIEW PRINCIPLES The guidelines shall apply only to the exterior of buildings and to portions of existing and proposed buildings visible from the pedestrian level from public rights-of-way, including alleyways.

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Existing buildings will be identified as “contributing” or “non-contributing” to the East Lawrence Industrial Historic District, as part of the National Register Listing. Contributing buildings should be more carefully reviewed than those buildings that have been identified as non-contributing to the National Register East Lawrence Industrial Historic District.

While economic costs are not a primary factor in the review process, cost will be considered in relation to the adherence of these guidelines.

It is not the intent of these guidelines to require existing buildings, structures, and sites to be in full compliance with these guidelines. Existing buildings that contain non-conforming elements are encouraged to make alterations that will improve the overall appearance of the building. As non-conforming buildings are altered, the proposed alterations shall be in compliance with these guidelines.

City staff will use these guidelines to review proposed projects in a consistent, fair, and equitable manner. If staff believes a proposed project does not meet the intent of the guidelines, the applicant may appeal first to the Historic Resources Commission, and, if necessary, to the City Commission. All new development, or redevelopment, within the UC-O District, shall require a site plan application and, when applicable, replat and/or rezone applications. Historic Resources Commission, Planning Commission, and City Commission review shall be required, when applicable, along with the standard site plan review. In addition to the typical documents required for submission during Site Plan Review, the submittor will also include any and all revisions to Appendix B of this document.

GENERAL GUIDELINES

NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT The East Lawrence Neighborhood Revitalization Plan addresses a geographical area of diverse land uses and neighborhoods and includes the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Zone. The Plan’s goal is the revitalization and rehabilitation of its historic resources, as well as strengthening East Lawrence’s attractiveness and its diversity. These UC-O District guidelines enhance and further refine the general design guidelines and principles of the East Lawrence Neighborhood Revitalization Plan.

STORMWATER The guiding principles for water quantity and quality goals include:

1. Preserve existing significant natural features 2. Maximize infiltration and minimize imperviousness 3. Select Best Management Practice that favor sheet flow and on-site infiltration of storm water versus piping or channeling

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4. Apply “soft-engineered” solutions of plants, swales, and topographic depressions versus “hard- engineered” solutions of concrete channels, curb inlets and storm sewers 5. Utilize native plant species that are adapted to the microclimate of their proposed site placement 6. Incorporate Best Management Practice into the proposed architecture (e.g., water cisterns, pervious parking, roof water collection)

LINKAGES Pedestrian linkages shall be accessible to people with disabilities. Pedestrian linkages should offer a variety of visual and textural stimuli, should provide locations for rest and some relief from sun, wind, rain and snow, and should be designed for safety in terms of slopes, materials, and visibility. Pedestrian linkages should incorporate some distinctive materials or landscaping in common to help create a visually coherent space and to help connect it to surrounding areas.

An effective pedestrian linkage that is accessible, safe, and interesting

PARKING In general, surface parking lots should be located at the rear or sides of structures. Larger surface lots should be subdivided with landscaped islands that include trees. Pedestrian walkways adjacent to parking and driveways should be visually and spatially separated through the use of additional site elements, which could include bollards, lighting, landscaping, and special pavement treatments. In order to maintain the historic and industrial integrity of the area, some interior landscaping should be provided. However, surface parking areas shall not be required to meet the landscaping provisions set forth in 20-14A04.6, 20-1205, and 20-1217 of the City of Lawrence Zoning Code, or subsequent applicable City standards.

Gravel parking and pervious paving should be designed to let water infiltrate and be temporarily stored below the surface to reduce or eliminate runoff and allow the surface to be used for parking or pedestrian traffic. This environmental method of surface water run-off control reduces the amount of contaminants exiting the site by allowing the water to permeate the ground surface. This reduction in site run-off, in turn, decreases the amount of contaminants leaving the site and entering into the city stormwater system or nearby river.

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Unless otherwise noted, all parking lot sizes, drive lanes, accessible stall counts, and other design features shall be consistent with the City of Lawrence Code, Section 20-1205, or subsequent applicable City standards.

N Example of Parking (recommended) – vegetated islands improve Example of Parking Strategy – small lot appearance. lots at the rear or side of structures,

and landscaped planters divide larger parking areas.

Example of street parking (recommended) Example of compacted gravel system

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Example of bio-swale Site Section at parking with bio-swale

LIGHTING The lighting should consist of artificial sources of illumination, particularly street lighting, pedestrian-level lighting, and lighting of signs and architectural features. The intent of the lighting plan will be to:

1. Enable people within a development zone or passing by to see well enough to find their destinations and to conduct their activities safely

2. Enliven and set the overall mood of a development zone

3. Increase the sense of security without negatively impacting surrounding residences

This will be addressed on three levels within the described zones:

1. Street and parking lighting (described in Zone 2) 2. Pedestrian lighting (described in Zone 3) 3. Building lighting (described in Zones 1 & 4)

Lighting should reflect the historic industrial/residential use, but provide sufficient illumination to promote health and safety and attract and accommodate pedestrian traffic. In order to limit lighting impacts on adjacent residential properties, low bollard lighting will be utilized in parking areas adjacent to these properties in lieu of standard pole lighting. Light fixtures shall be simple contemporary designs with no references to a particular historic era, and should be consistent throughout the redevelopment zone. All exterior fixtures will be fully shielded, include non-reflective, non-swivel heads mounted at a 45 degree angle, and be confined to net acreage.

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Streetlights with zero up light Site Section through street

SIDEWALK DINING AREAS Creation of sidewalk dining areas shall be in accordance with the City of Lawrence “Guidelines for Sidewalk Dining Areas” as revised and approved in 2005. Placement of sidewalk dining areas shall be such that they do not restrict egress to and from building or public right-of-way.

DEMOLITION Demolition should be the result of a holistic planning and development process. Properties listed in the National Register of Historic Places, the Register of Historic Kansas Places, or the Lawrence Register of Historic Places are subject to additional review as required by KSA 75-2724 and/or Chapter 22, Code of the City of Lawrence. Moreover, demolition of properties within the environs of listed properties is also subject to review. Historic tax credit programs include the anticipated demolition as part of the compliance review process. Federal agencies must consider the impact of demolition on project undertakings as well.

Any demolition request not related to public safety shall be accompanied by additional documentation indicating the existing condition of the building and the proposed use for the site. Documentation shall include proposed elevations and an explanation of why it is not feasible to use the existing structure/building.

Demolition permits shall be reviewed by the Historic Resource Commission. If the permit is denied by the Historic Resource Commission, it may be appealed to the City Commission.

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FIGURE 4: ZONE 1 HISTORIC DISTRICT — RECOMMENDED SITE IMPROVEMENTS

LAND USE PLAN

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ZONE 1: HISTORIC DISTRICT

NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT The boundaries of Zone 1 coincide with the boundaries of the National Register East Lawrence Industrial Historic District, correspond to the lot lines, and do not include the sidewalks, verges, and curbs that are included in Zone 2. The commercial/industrial buildings and spaces in Zone 1 determine both the functional and visual character of the 8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area. Dating from the 1870s through the 1920s, they include examples of detached industrial buildings from almost every decade of the late nineteenth century through the onset of the Great Depression in the twentieth century. The goal in rehabilitating these buildings and structures is to preserve or recapture the original character of the buildings and their setting by adapting proposed changes to the building’s character-defining features.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS

ROOF SYSTEMS

A weather-tight roof is basic to the preservation of a building or structure. Because of the historic/commercial industrial character of Zone 1, the roof forms and materials associated with a building’s historic use is very important. In Zone 1, the building function and form dictated the roof form and the desire for a fireproof building determined the choice of materials.

The roof forms found in Zone 1 include flat roofs, gable roofs, and shed roofs. Based on the existing building roofs and historic photographs, historic building materials and treatments included built-up composition roofs as well as sheet metal, galvanized iron, corrugated metal, and standing seam metal roofs. Historically, sheet metals (lead, copper, zinc, tin plate, and terne plate [iron dipped in an alloy of lead and tin]) and galvanized iron were common roofing materials in commercial/industrial areas and are appropriate substitute materials when the original is unknown or in new construction within Zone 1.

Although the coping on parapet walls is part of a masonry feature, it is often considered in the discussion of roofing materials. Terra-cotta and clay coping historically occurred in Zone 1. There is no evidence of the use of stone or metal coping.

If the roof is flat and is not visible from the public right-of-way, there are economic and physical advantages to substituting a built-up composition roof or other modern roofing system for what might have been a flat metal roof. If the roof is visible, substitute materials should match as closely as possible the scale, texture, and coloration of the historic roofing material, if known. If unknown, lead-coated copper, terne-coated steel, and aluminum/zinc- coated steel can successfully replace tin, terne plate, zinc, or lead roofing materials. Wood, tile, and slate roofing material are not appropriate. Terra-cotta and clay tile coping continue to be the appropriate materials for coping.

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Roof Types in Zone 1

Recommended Not Recommended

Examining and determining the composition of the existing Hiring a roofing contractor without receiving a preliminary roof and any evidence of the earlier roof. Consulting with an analysis of the existing conditions and scope-of-work by architect, engineer, or roofing professional to understand the other professionals. scope and detailing of the roof project and ensuring proper supervision of roofers and/or maintenance personnel.

Retaining the shape, materials, and colors of the original roof When repairing or replacing a roof, avoid using new roof that are visible from the public right-of-way. Maintaining forms, materials, colors, or elements that are visible from the architectural details such as cresting, parapets, and cornices. public right-of-way.

Replacing roof materials with similar materials that reflect the scale and texture of the traditional roof materials when they are visible from the public right-of-way.

Designing and constructing a new roof feature using visual Creating a false historical appearance or introducing a new documentation when a historic feature is completely missing. roof feature that is incompatible in size, scale, material, or Using a new design for a missing historic feature that is color. compatible with the size, scale, material, and color of the building.

Installing mechanical and service equipment such as air Installing mechanical or service equipment so that it damages conditioning, transformers, or solar collectors on the roof so the building elements or obscures important building that they are inconspicuous from the public right-of-way and features. do not damage or obscure important building features.

Patching roof leaks with materials similar to those of the roof Patching roof leaks with caulks or sealants as a means of construction. long-term repair.

Retaining the original roofline and parapet features

Resurfacing of flat/built-up roofing materials

Because of the simple industrial design, the parapet and cornice treatment at the roofline are often one of the most important architectural elements of industrial buildings.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 4: Roofing for Historic Buildings.

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CONCRETE

Existing concrete – Zone 1

Different types of concrete are found in Zone 1. Unreinforced concrete is a composite material containing aggregates (sand, gravel, crushed shell, or rock) held together by a cement combined with water to form a pliant mass that hardens as the concrete dries out (“cures”). Reinforced concrete is concrete strengthened by the inclusion of metal bars. Both unreinforced and reinforced concrete can be cast-in-place or precast. Cast-in-place concrete is poured on site into a formwork that is removed after the concrete sets. Precast concrete is molded off site into building components.

In Zone 1, concrete appears in foundations, supporting columns, sidewalks and driveways, curbing, loading docks, elevated exterior walkways, stair systems, and window sills.

Existing concrete – Zone 1

The condition of the historic concrete elements found in Zone 1 reflects a wide range of conditions.

1. Cracking occurs over time in virtually all concrete. Cracks can be either active or inactive. Active cracks widen, deepen, or expand through the concrete. Dormant cracks remain unchanged. Some dormant cracks pose no danger to the stability of the concrete element; however, cracks of any type provide channels for moisture penetration, which usually causes further damage.

2. Erosion is the weathering of the concrete surface by weather and environmental pollutants.

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3. Corrosion, caused by the rusting of the reinforcing bars in concrete, can be a serious problem. Rust, which occupies significantly more space than the original metal, causes expansive forces within the concrete, initiating cracking and spalling. Loss of concrete diminishes the load-carrying capacity of the concrete structure.

4. Spalling, which is the loss of surface material in patches of varying size, is caused by a number of conditions including moisture penetration.

5. Deflection, which is the bending or sagging of concrete beams, columns, joists, or slabs, can seriously affect both the strength and structural soundness of concrete.

Common conditions of historic concrete – spalling (left) and cracking (right)

Recommended Not Recommended

Undertaking repairs only after the completion of planning and Using temporary solutions that can expose a building to analysis by a structural engineer or architect. further and more serious deterioration.

Filling in cracks with new material that matches the historic Patching hairline cracks. Patching concrete without material. Using patching materials that are compatible with removing the source of deterioration. the existing concrete as well as with subsequent surface treatments such as paint or stucco.

If replacement is necessary, removing loose, deteriorated concrete and cutting damaged concrete back to remove the source of deterioration. Removing rust from exposed rebar with a wire brush or sandblasting and coating with an epoxy. Installing a compatible patch that dovetails into the existing sound concrete so that it will bond satisfactorily with and match the original concrete.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 15: Preservation of Historic Concrete: Problems and General Approaches.

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BRICK AND STONE MASONRY

The masonry features found in Zone 1 include brick, stone, and combinations thereof. Other than the painted sign on the Poehler Building and portions of the façade on 804 Pennsylvania, all exterior masonry surfaces are unpainted.

Existing brick and stone masonry – Zone 1

Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining and preserving masonry features that are important in Removing or radically changing important masonry defining the overall character of a building such as walls, brackets, features. Applying paint or other coatings for purely cornices, window surrounds, door surrounds, steps, columns, and cosmetic purposes to surfaces that were originally details. unpainted or uncoated.

Providing proper drainage so that water does not stand or Failing to treat causes of mortar joint deterioration such accumulate on masonry surfaces. as leaking roofs or gutters, settling of the building, capillary action, or extreme weather exposure.

Applying paint or other coatings to masonry that has been historically unpainted or uncoated.

Cleaning masonry only when necessary to halt deterioration or to Cleaning masonry surfaces when they are not heavily remove graffiti or bad stains with the gentlest method possible, such soiled to create a new appearance and needlessly as using low-pressure water (<400 psi), mild detergents, and natural introducing chemicals or moisture into the original bristle brushes. Conducting masonry surface cleaning tests when materials. Using abrasive or mechanical cleaning such as cleaning is necessary. Observing tests over a sufficient period of sandblasting that destroys the masonry. These methods time so that both immediate and long-term effects are known, allow water to penetrate the masonry and can result in enabling selection of the gentlest method possible. severe damage to the brick or stone. Masonry damaged in this manner will deteriorate faster in the future. Cleaning masonry surfaces without conducting surface cleaning tests or allowing sufficient time to evaluate the immediate and long-term effects of the cleaning method.

Repairing cracks or missing bricks to prevent water infiltration and Removing mortar from sound joints, then repointing the

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Recommended Not Recommended further damage. Removing only deteriorated portions of brick in entire building to achieve a uniform appearance. such a way as to avoid destroying adjacent masonry.

Applying new mortar with the same strength, color, and texture as Using ready-mix mortars that have a high Portland the original mortar. Testing the original mortar to determine its cement content that, because it is stronger than old original composition. brick, will cause shifting and cracks.

Applying new mortar so that the joints match the original joints in Covering existing masonry with siding. width and profile.

New mortar should be applied so that the new joints match the original in width and profile

Applying surface treatments such as “breathable” water-repellent Applying waterproof or water repellent treatments as a coatings to masonry only after re-pointing and only if masonry substitute for masonry pointing and repairs. Covering repairs have failed to arrest water penetration problems. brick or stone with stucco or non-porous coatings. Coatings often act as sealants that block the transfer of water.

Repairing masonry by patching or piecing in. Replacing an entire masonry feature when limited replacement is appropriate.

Replacing the original material with the same material or a Using a substitute replacement material that does not compatible substitute material. match the original material.

Covering masonry walls with a non-synthetic cement stucco, synthetic stucco-like coating, or siding of any material.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Leaving historic painted signage on masonry walls. Removing paint from buildings that were historically painted

Cleaning masonry walls using the gentlest means possible. Sandblasting, applying caustic solutions, and/or high- pressure water blasting. Pressure cleaning historic brick or stone with water or water and a non-ionic detergent at a range of 100 to 400 psi from a distance of 3 to 12 inches after testing to find the least abrasive level.

Hand cleaning glazed architectural terra-cotta and tile coping with a natural bristle brush using non-ionic detergent and water.

Removing loose or deteriorated paint only to the next sound layer using the gentlest method possible prior to repainting.

Repairing causes of leaks, water infiltration, capillary action, and/or condensation Using vapor permeable water-repellent coatings in selected Using vapor permeable or “breathable” water-repellent areas only after a reasonable period of time has passed since a coatings. Using waterproof coatings that seal the surface building has been made watertight and has dried out from liquid water and water vapor. completely and only if moisture appears actually to be penetrating through the repointed and repaired masonry walls.

Cleaning masonry, when necessary to prevent biological growth, with low-pressure water (30 to 100 psi) and a natural- or synthetic-bristled scrub brush.

Removing graffiti as soon as possible by using non-abrasive Using anti-graffiti or barrier coatings. chemical cleaners after careful testing.

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REPLACEMENT OF MISSING MASONRY FEATURES

False brick “quoining” introduces design elements not found in the historic industrial district

Recommended Not Recommended

Designing and installing a new masonry feature such as steps Creating a false historical appearance by using historical or a door surround using accurate documentation of the treatments based on other buildings or conjecture. appearance of the original feature. When there is no Introducing a new feature that is incompatible with the documentation of the original element, new designs should be building in size, scale, material, and color. compatible with the building in size, scale, material, and color.

Above: c. 1950 photograph of masonry openings and concrete docks, Barteldes Seed Company. Below: Current condition of the same entrance.

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See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 1: Assessing Cleaning and Water-Repellent Treatments for Historic Masonry Buildings; Preservation Brief 2: Repointing Mortar Joints in Historic Masonry Buildings; Preservation Brief 6: Dangers of Abrasive Cleaning to Historic Buildings; Preservation Brief 7: The Preservation of Historic Glazed Architectural Terra-Cotta; Preservation Brief 38: Removing Graffiti from Historic Masonry; and Preservation Brief 42: The Maintenance, Repair and Replacement of Historic Cast Stone.

SIDING

No buildings in Zone 1 have siding

Recommended Not Recommended Covering the building’s original wall materials with siding.

WOOD MATERIALS

Wood is used for structural members and flooring in some of the older buildings in Zone 1. It is also used in window and door framing, sashes, and in some soffit areas. It was seldom used for roofing shingles.

There are no wood roofs or siding in Zone 1. Wood appears in window frames and sashes; in pedestrian, garage, and loading dock doors; and as structural supports and flooring. All replacement elements should be in-kind. No synthetic materials should be used in new construction to replicate traditional wood features.

Recommended Not Recommended

When damaged beyond repair, replacing all wood elements in- Replacing wood elements with synthetic materials. kind.

Removing vegetation that grows too close to wood surfaces.

Keeping wood joinery adequately sealed, primed, and painted to avoid water penetration.

Priming all exposed wood surfaces before painting.

Providing proper drainage and ventilation to minimize rot.

Maintaining a slope on horizontal wood surfaces, such as entrance floors or sills, to ensure that water does not collect.

Recaulking joints where moisture might penetrate. Removing old caulk and dirt prior to recaulking.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service’s Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows and Preservation Brief #10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork.

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ARCHITECTURAL METAL FEATURES

In addition to the use of sheet metal as a roofing material as discussed in the Roofing section of these guidelines, galvanized iron, iron, and steel are also found in Zone 1. Historic and non-historic uses include fire escapes, lintels and loading dock door frames and dock edging, all of which were historically iron. Window frames and muntins utilized steel and galvanized iron. Downspouts were generally corrugated metal. Replacement should be in-kind in both contributing and non-contributing buildings and structures. New construction should use traditional materials.

Existing metal features – Zone 1

Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining and preserving architectural metal features that are Removing or radically changing important metal features. important in defining the architectural character of a building. Removing a major part of the metal feature instead of repairing or replacing only the deteriorated metal. Removing metal features and then reconstructing the façade with new material in order to create an “improved” appearance.

Providing proper drainage so that water does not accumulate Failing to treat the causes of corrosion, such as moisture on surfaces. from leaking roofs or gutters.

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Cleaning architectural metals to remove corrosion prior to Using cleaning methods that alter or damage the color, repainting or applying other appropriate protective coatings. texture, and/or finish of the metal. Removing the patina that Identifying the type of metal prior to cleaning. Cleaning a metal acquired over a period of time (the patina may be a metals using the gentlest method possible as determined by protective coating on some metals). research and/or testing. Applying an appropriate protective coating when necessary. Placing incompatible metals together without providing a reliable separation material to prevent galvanic corrosion. For example, copper corrodes cast iron, steel, tin, and aluminum. Exposing metals originally intended to be protected from the environment. Applying paint or other coatings to metals such as copper, bronze, aluminum, or stainless steel that were originally exposed.

Repairing metal features by patching, splicing, or otherwise Replacing an entire feature when repair or replacement of reinforcing the metal. When damaged beyond repair, only the damaged element is possible. Removing a metal replacing the damaged portions with materials that match the feature that has irreparable damage and not replacing it. original in size, scale, material, and color. Replacing a metal feature with a new metal feature that does not have the same visual appearance as the original or introducing a new metal feature that is incompatible in size, scale, material, and color.

Reproducing in-kind a missing feature or when there is no documentation of the original feature, replacing the missing feature with a new design that is compatible with the size, scale, material, and color of the building.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service’s Preservation Brief 13: The Repair and Thermal Upgrading of Historic Steel Windows and Preservation Brief 27: The Maintenance and Repair of Architectural Cast Iron.

WINDOWS

Serving as both an interior and exterior feature, windows are always a key element in the building’s character. They reflect changes in technology and period of time. The historic functional and decorative features include frames, sashes, muntins, glazing, sills, heads, hood molds, moldings, and shutters. The dimensions and proportions of window parts greatly influence the overall appearance of the window. Lead abatement or thermal performance may be accomplished without the loss of historic windows and is not justification for replacement.

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Typical window components found in late nineteenth and early twentieth century double-hung sash units

Both wood and metal windows occur in the buildings and structures in Zone 1 and have double-hung sash, casement, fixed pane, and awning units. When the design and materials of the original windows cannot be ascertained, wood, wood-clad metal and metal windows are compatible window materials for replacement windows and windows used in new construction. Synthetic materials, including vinyl windows, are not acceptable as replacement windows or as windows in new infill construction because of their inability to meet the traditional sash proportions due to their construction materials.

Recommended Not Recommended

Using vinyl window units.

Conducting an in-depth survey of the conditions of existing Replacing windows that can be repaired. Replacing windows windows early in the rehabilitation planning process so that solely because of peeling paint, broken glass, stuck sashes, repair and upgrading methods and possible replacement and high air infiltration. Removing or radically changing options can be fully explored. windows that are important in defining the character of a building.

Retaining and repairing the original windows and their Changing the number, location, size, and glazing pattern of character-defining elements whenever possible. Repair may windows by blocking-in windows or installing replacement include incremental replacement of individual elements such sashes that do not fit the original window opening. as sills or sashes by patching, splicing, consolidating, or reinforcing with in-kind or compatible substitute materials.

Using low profile boxed skylights installed between rafters Using bubble or Plexiglas skylights that protrude from the when not visible from the public-right-of-way. roof plane.

Retaining and repairing the original windows and their character-defining elements whenever possible. Repair may include incremental replacement of individual elements such as sills or sashes by patching, splicing, consolidating, or reinforcing with in-kind or compatible substitute materials.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Typical historic industrial window treatments found in Zone 1

Repair and retain character of original window when possible

Accomplishing thermal upgrade by using exterior or interior Using storm windows that are smaller than the window storm windows that have minimal visual intrusiveness. opening. Using storm windows that allow moisture to accumulate and damage the window frame.

When damage can be avoided, modifying existing historic Changing the appearance of a window through the use of windows to allow reglazing with insulated glass. inappropriate designs, materials, finishes, or colors that notably change the sashes, depth of reveal, muntin configuration and reflectively, and color of the glazing (such as the use of mirrored or tinted glass) or the appearance of the frame. Using shutters.

Stripping windows of historic material such as wood, cast iron, and bronze.

Making windows weather tight by caulking and replacing or installing weather stripping.

When original window openings are altered, restoring them to their original configuration and detail.

When damaged beyond repair, replacing the original windows Using a replacement window that does not match the with windows that match the originals in profile, size, color, original configuration, materials, and glazing.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Incompatible new window lower right resulting in loss of the building’s historic character.

Obscuring original window elements with signs, metal, or other materials. Using through-window air conditioning units on primarily façades.

Using replacement glazing that is consistent in color and Using tinted glass that does not appear as transparent from reflectivity with the glazing originally used at the building. public-right-of-way.

Rising metal screens or bars covering window openings

Using true divided lights.

Using replacement windows that capture the visual effect of how the original window operated.

Basing the replacement of non-historic or missing windows on Creating a false historical appearance because the photographic documentation, extant units in the building, or replacement window is based on insufficient historical, ensuring that they are consistent with the historic character of pictorial, and/or physical documentation. Introducing a new the building. design that is incompatible with the historic character of the building.

Providing a setback in the design of dropped ceilings when Inserting new floors or furred-down ceilings that cut across they are required for a new use to allow for the full height of the glazed areas of windows so that the exterior form and the window openings. appearance of the windows are changed.

Limiting the installation of additional windows to secondary, Installing new windows, including frames, sashes, and non-character-defining elevations to occur only when required muntin configurations that are incompatible with the by the new use to allow natural light and air or when other buildings historic appearance or that obscure, damage, or important adaptations are necessary for the building’s new use. destroy character-defining features.

When required by a new use, creating new window openings Creating new window openings and using new window units and using new window units that are simple and visually that duplicate the fenestration pattern and detailing of a subservient to the original openings and units, and that are character-defining elevation. visually distinguishable from the original window openings and units.

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Recommended Not Recommended

When adding new window openings and unit, using a simpler, Creating new window openings and using new window units slightly different glazing configuration. that replicate the historic windows.

Installing vinyl window systems

Preserves historic signage and does not alter the more Diagram above has too many new openings and calls for formal front bays, reserving alterations to the utilitarian balconies spanning the width of the new openings. portion of the façade above loading docks. Note smaller and simpler window design compared to the originals.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 3: Conserving Energy in Historic Buildings; Preservation Brief 9: The Repair of Historic Wooden Windows; Preservation Brief 10: Exterior Paint Problems on Historic Woodwork; Preservation Brief 13: The Repair and Thermal Upgrading of Historic Steel Windows; and the following National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 14: Adding New Openings: New Openings in Secondary Elevations or Introducing New Windows in Blank Walls and ITS Number 21: Adding New Openings: Adding New Openings on Secondary Elevations.

ENTRANCE DOORS

With a few exceptions, entrance doors in Zone 1 were functional non-retail commercial designs. Adaptive reuse of buildings for residential or retail use will require choosing replacement doors that are complimentary to the industrial character of the buildings.

Entrance doors were historically wood or metal. Appropriate substitute materials should be wood or metal when the original material is unknown or for new construction, with the use of vinyl or synthetic materials not appropriate in Zone 1.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining and repairing original doors. Maintaining original Using residential doors in functional industrial entrances. door hardware in good working order.

Preserving and retaining the original proportions of the door and the door opening.

Replicating the original door if it is damaged beyond repair Using generic historical stylistic reproductions that create the and there is physical, pictorial, or photographic documentation appearance of another period of time. as to its original appearance. If there is no documentation of the door’s original appearance, replace it with a new unit that is compatible with the style and character of the historic building.

See also: National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletin: ITS Number 4: Exterior Doors: Inappropriate Replacement Doors.

GARAGE AND LOADING DOCK DOORS

In industrial buildings that utilized loading docks and garages, the openings were commonly fitted with wood or metal segmental doors that rode on overhead tracks or roll-up mental doors. Sometimes these buildings used double-hinged, sliding, and other types of doors.

Examples of garage/loading dock doors – Zone 1

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Example of garage/loading dock doors – Zone 1

Recommended Not Recommended

Replicating an original door if it is damaged beyond repair or Installing a replacement door that reflects historic residential is missing and there is physical, pictorial, or photographic garage door designs. documentation as to its original appearance; or, if required for the new use, installing a new glazing system that resembles the segmented panels of the historic doors. \

Retaining and repairing the building’s original door(s) and /or Altering the size of the original openings with infill. Removing door opening(s). character-defining elements. Altering a historic pattern of adjacent pedestrian-vehicular entrances with a new storefront design.

Original door opening is retained. The new infill The infill storefront in the building above creates the false incorporates an entrance and half “closed” garage door as impression of an original retail store rather than the well as transparent glazing is an appropriate treatment historical industrial use of the building where there is no documentation of the original door.

Retaining corner guards and bumper guards. Modifications such as replacing some of the upper wood panels with glass in order to provide natural light.

If there is no documentation of the door’s original appearance, replacing the door with a new unit that is compatible with the style and character of the historic building.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Installing new glazing patterns that replicate the typical historic arrangement of intersecting stiles and rails found on the industrial garage and loading dock doors. This approach also clearly differentiates fenestration patterns for windows and doors.

See also: National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 2: Garage Door Openings: New Infill for Historic Garage Openings and ITS Number 16: Loading Door Openings: New Infill for Historic Loading Door Openings.

ALTERATIONS TO REAR AND SECONDARY ELEVATIONS

In industrial and warehouse areas, secondary elevations often played an important role in the functional design of the building or structure. Features such as loading docks, vehicular entrances, and pedestrian/worker entrances related to the function of the building and are important character-defining elements. Secondary façades are somewhat less formal than primary façades. Often, materials and designs are plainer, window placement may be irregular, ornament is seldom used, and the façade’s division into base, middle, and top may be less clear. New uses that introduce the public to these elevations should preserve the utilitarian nature of these elevations and their adjoining exterior spaces.

The most significant loss of historic features is the filling of original openings with brick or concrete block and the alteration/addition of loading dock entrances. There is a significant loss of the original loading docks, which were originally made of stone piers and post-and-beam construction. Concrete loading docks commonly appeared in the first decades of the twentieth century. Depending on the date of construction, either is appropriate for replacement or new construction.

Industrial character of rear and secondary elevations

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Recommended Not Recommended

Determining if secondary elevations retain defining architectural and functional characteristics that visually communicate the building’s historic building type.

Making minimal changes to the secondary elevation features Making changes to the visual characteristics of a secondary that define the building’s original architectural and/or elevation that communicate a new use that is different from functional property type. the original use.

Original façade Changes to visual character

Maintaining consistent patterns and using consistent materials between the ground floor and the upper floors, and incorporating a simple definition at the roofline.

Restoring existing openings that have been previously filled in or blocked.

Maintaining a clear separation between the loading areas and the pedestrian access areas for the sake of appearance and safety.

Utilizing masonry materials with a simple texture, minimal ornamentation, and informal door and window placement.

Designing and locating security gates, grills, and alarm boxes out of sight or in such a way that during non-business hours the building and surrounding area maintain their appearance as a safe and attractive pedestrian environment.

Locating and screening air conditioner equipment so that signage, sound, and exhaust air are not intrusive to newly defined public spaces.

Minimizing the intrusion of trash receptacles, utility lines, meter boxes, downspouts, and other functional hardware.

See also National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletin: ITS Number 33: Alterations to Rear Elevations.

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NEW ADDITIONS

It may be necessary to add extra space to a historic building that is being rehabilitated to satisfy new use requirements. The best adaptive use design is always one that requires the least amount of change to the historic building. However, new spaces to house certain practical functions that were not part of the historic use, such as mechanical equipment, an elevator shaft, or a stair tower, or even new spaces to provide more rentable or occupiable space to make the project economically viable may be acceptable reasons for new additions. The Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation permit new additions to historic buildings if the additions meet certain criteria. Common to these criteria are the general concepts of similarity and subordination. Because of the size and placement of the buildings in Zone 1, their spatial relationship is important to communicating their historic associations. New additions to primary and secondary elevations should be avoided whenever possible. If necessary they should be clearly ancillary and subservient to the size, scale, massing of the preexisting building. Historic photographs as well as Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps available in local research collections document the location, size, and, sometimes, materials of pre-existing structures and serve as an excellent guide in determining the location of new construction.

Recommended Not Recommended

Designing and constructing new additions that preserve the Designing and constructing new additions that result in the historic character of the building by visibly retaining significant diminution or loss of the historic character of the resource, historic materials and features. including its design, materials, workmanship, location, or setting.

Determining if the building can meet new use requirements by Whenever possible, avoid designs and plans that cannot altering non-character-defining interior spaces rather than by accommodate new uses without exterior additions. constructing a new addition to the building.

Utilizing a design that is visually distinguishable from the Designing and constructing additions that create a false sense historic building, but that is clearly subservient to the historic of history by closely replicating the exact form, material, building. style, and detailing of the historic building in such a way that the new addition appears to be part of the historic building.

Locating an attached exterior addition at the rear or on an Designing and constructing additions that are highly visible inconspicuous side of a historic building. from the public right-of-way.

Limiting the size and scale of an addition in relationship to the Designing and constructing a new addition so that its size historic building. and scale in relation to the historic building are out of proportion, thus diminishing the historic character of the historic building.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Stair tower could have been incorporated in the building by enclosing existing stair well. Location of the new stairwell on a highly visible façade is inappropriate as is use of materials and scale and massing This small glass connector between two historic buildings is appropriately set back. A similar approach may also be made between a historic building and an addition

Constructing a new addition so that there is the least possible Attaching a new addition so that the character-defining loss of historic materials and so that character-defining features of the historic building are obscured, damaged, or features are not obscured, damaged, or destroyed. Utilizing destroyed. elevator or stair towers that have a high degree of transparency and that expose the building’s original materials and features.

Using small, recessed, transparent connector “hyphens” that expose original materials and features and distinguish the historic building from the new addition.

Restore existing openings that have previously been filled in or blocked

Placing new additions such as balconies, greenhouses, and Designing and constructing new additions such as balconies other special use additions on secondary elevations, and or penthouse additions that obscure, damage, or destroy limiting their size and scale in relationship to the historic character-defining features of the historic building. building.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Sketch shows balconies that span the width of the elevation. A recommended alternative would be to limit the number of balconies and to have these span only one or two openings. The balcony should be painted to match the masonry wall.

Designing an additional penthouse story, rooftop garden, or Designing and constructing roof-top additions that greenhouse, when required, that is clearly subservient to the dramatically change the historic appearance of the building. historic building, set back at least one full bay from the Constructing additional stories to the building so that the building’s tall wall planes, and is as inconspicuous as possible historic appearance of the building is radically changed. when viewed from the street from within a several-block radius.

See also Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 14 New Exterior Additions to Historic Buildings: Preservation Concerns; National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 3: New Additions to Mid-size Historic Buildings 1; National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 10: Stair Tower Additions Exterior Stair/Elevator Tower Additions; National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 18: New Additions to Mid-size Historic buildings 2; National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 33; Alterations to Rear Elevations.

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NEW INFILL CONSTRUCTION

The arrangement of elements and spaces that define a historic district contribute to a unique sense of place. These elements combine several factors such as building materials, color, size, shape, placement of buildings and spatial relationships. To preserve these qualities, new construction should be compatible with the existing character- defining architectural and landscape elements of Zone 1. At the same time, new construction can and should be differentiated from older buildings by virtue of its own contemporary stylistic elements. New construction includes new buildings erected in previously undeveloped spaces and “infill” replacement buildings.

Old and new construction

Recommended Not Recommended

Limiting new construction in historically open spaces to the southeast quadrant of the zone or placing it in accordance with historic building patterns documented in Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps.

Retaining the footprint, size, scale, and height and massing of the original building when constructing replacement buildings

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Recommended Not Recommended

Locating front walls on the same plane as the façades of Utilizing new designs with inappropriate alignment, setback, adjacent buildings and matching the rhythm of spacing spacing, massing, proportion, and scale. between buildings and the rhythm of entrances and other projections or recesses to sidewalks.

Appropriate integration Inappropriate alignment and setback

Erecting buildings of one or two stories. The height and scale of new buildings should match the height of adjacent historic buildings on the streetscape.

Matching the type, size, proportion, and pattern of openings on the primary façade and loading dock façades to that of the adjacent buildings. Storefront façades in new construction should reference the industrial loading dock entrances and doors in size and glazing.

Appropriate infill façade

Using materials, texture, and color that relate to and Introducing materials and colors that do not relate to the harmonize with those on nearby historic buildings and traditional materials found in the National Register East structures. Lawrence Industrial Historic District.

Continuing of the use of similar roof shapes, types, and Using roof shapes, pitches, and materials not found in the materials. National Register East Lawrence Industrial District.

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SITE AND SETTING — EXTERIOR FEATURES AND OPEN SPACE

The Setting of Zone 1 is a heterogonous mix of buildings, structures, and spaces that evolved over an extended period of time. The relationship of these components and the random vegetation patterns and features contribute to a unique sense of place. The primary buildings and structures are oriented to the major streets, with the functional orientation of their loading docks to an alley that bisects the zone. As important as the buildings and structures is the large open space in the southeast quarter of the block that is covered with a mixture of dirt, gravel, and vegetation. This area has traditionally been open space with the exception of the presence of assorted shed structures along 9th Street and the alley when the space served as a junkyard.

Common materials found in the setting are concrete, asphalt, dirt, brick, and stone. Common landscape features include wire, chain link, and board fencing; railroad rails, curbing, grasses, and a Cottonwood tree. All communicate the continuing industrial character of the zone.

Existing exterior features and open space

Setting

Recommended Not Recommended

Identifying, retaining, and preserving building and landscape Creating a false sense of history by introducing landscape features that are important in defining the historic character of features that are based on conjecture or that impact an the site and setting. understanding of the industrial nature of the site or setting.

Retaining the historic relationship between buildings and Removing or radically changing the features of the site and landscape features such as alleys, open space, work areas, setting that are important in defining the historic character of pathways, driveways, and so forth. the site or the National Register East Lawrence Industrial Historic District.

Creating subtle visual distinctions through the use of different Destroying the relationship between the buildings and hard surface materials between the historic spaces/materials structures and the landscape features by widening existing and new space uses such as parking areas. streets or constructing inappropriately located new streets or parking facilities.

Designing new parking areas that are as unobtrusive as Using vacant lots that once held buildings or structures for possible to minimize the effect of the historic spatial unauthorized or spontaneous automobile parking. arrangement and character of the setting. Constructing shared

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Recommended Not Recommended parking in traditionally open spaces.

Removing non-significant buildings, structures, additions, or Removing or relocating significant historic primary and landscape features that detract from the historic setting. secondary buildings and structures or character-defining landscape features, destroying their historic relationship.

Retaining historic secondary ancillary buildings and structures Constructing prefabricated buildings or storage structures. such as garages and outbuildings. Retaining and preserving all character-defining features of outbuildings, including foundations, steps, roof forms, windows, doors, architectural trim, and materials. If replacement of an element is necessary, replace only the deteriorated item with one that matches the original in size, scale, proportion, material, texture, and detail.

Using new construction that is compatible with the historic Introducing new building or landscape features that are out character of the setting in terms of size, scale, design, material, of scale or are otherwise inappropriate to the historic color, and texture. character of the setting.

Revealing landscape features such as alleys and pathways that have been covered by paving or other materials over time.

Using screening devices for trash receptacles and storage units that visually blend into the rear façades.

Painting, or screening, mechanical units and service equipment to blend with the overall exterior color of the building, in accordance with City standards. Placing such equipment near secondary elevations out of view from the public right-of-way.

Screening dumpster units on all four sides with material that blends in with the main commercial building wall adjacent to the location of the dumpster. The height of the screening device should match that of the dumpster and the access door. Clustering dumpsters adjacent to alleys.

Utilizing satellite dishes one diameter in size or smaller and Installing antennae and/or satellite dishes in places visible placing them in locations not visible from the public right-of- from the public right-of-way. way.

Installing removable cellular tower poles, which may be Installing cellular towers. attached to the roofs of buildings, but must be set back one bay from the perimeter wall?

Additional landscape screening may be required by City staff to lessen impact of parking, lighting, or noise on neighboring residential properties.

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Landscape

Historically, Zone 1 did not have planned landscaping. Thus, the introduction of landscaping should be minimal and part of an overall design to denote the boundaries of the zone and to direct pedestrian traffic. Natural plants of the region, in particular of the East Lawrence area, should be utilized.

Recommended Not Recommended

Landscaping the perimeters of parking areas with trees and Introducing formal or exotic landscape designs that are low plantings to provide pedestrian linkages, to reinforce the inappropriate to the industrial setting. traditional grid system of the original street and alleys, and to screen the view of vehicles and surface paving.

Planting trees and shrubs at the peripheral edges of a vacant Installing plantings near the buildings, destroying the open, lot to reinforce the traditional edge between the absent partially hard-surfaced industrial site. building wall and the sidewalk. The edges should coincide with the setback and configuration of adjacent buildings.

Maintaining traditional alleyways, lot delineations, and open spaces.

Introducing discreet, coordinated interpretive signage Using chain link or wood fences and/or other devices that throughout the zone to educate visitors about the history of discourage an understanding of the historic setting and its the buildings in Zone 1 and that of the surrounding areas. functional features.

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PARKING

Vehicular parking historically occurred at the sides of buildings and on the street. Traditional open spaces provide opportunities for surface parking lots by maintaining the historic spatial relationships between buildings. Gravel or asphalt paving generally covered parking areas. In one or two instances, drives and parking areas with high traffic had concrete drive-through and/or parking spaces. These traditional materials continue to be appropriate as do other hard surface and gravel treatments. Drainage is a problem in this area and a combination of pervious and non-pervious treatments that designate historic space uses as well as assist in the control of water runoff is desirable.

Recommended Not Recommended

Locating surface parking lots in traditional open spaces.

Subdividing larger surface lots with landscaped islands that include trees.

Visually and spatially separating pedestrian walkways adjacent to parking and driveways through the use of additional site elements, including bollards, lighting, landscaping, and special pavement treatments.

LIGHTING

The purpose of exterior lighting is to highlight the building entrance and its signage, as well as parking and public use areas, when natural light is insufficient or not present in a historic district. The level of lighting must reflect the building’s historic use and must provide sufficient illumination to promote health and safety and to attract the pedestrian traffic required by the building’s new use. Lighting types recommended in other zones apply to Zone 1 and should be consistent throughout the redevelopment area.

Unless noted otherwise, lighting in Zone 1 will be consistent with City of Lawrence Code Section 20-14A01 through Section 20-14A03, or subsequent applicable City standards. Parking lighting shall have a maximum initial illumination value no greater than 0.20 horizontal footcandles at the zone boundary. No more than 5 percent of fixture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down) with the exception of minor building lighting. These lighting requirements are adapted from IESNA RP-33-99.

Recommended Not Recommended

Using light fixtures that are as inconspicuous as possible and Using conduits that are visible from the public right-of-way. that are compatible with the industrial character of Zone 1.

Using dark sky fixtures. Using fluorescent light fixtures and high intensity discharge lighting. Using incandescent lights to illuminate small projecting and flat signboards.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Using internally lit signs.

Designing the light source for signs as a part of the sign or Using neon lighting that accentuates any shape or form of hiding it from view. any of the building’s elements.

AWNINGS

While the commercial/industrial buildings in Zone 1 did not have a retail function or storefronts, most were businesses that had a customer service area and offices on the first story near the entrance. The need to protect these areas from the heat and glare of sunlight (particularly on the west elevations along Pennsylvania Street) may have included canvas awnings above individual window openings on the first story. New uses may require similar protection from the elements in the entrance areas.

Recommended Not Recommended

Using fixed awnings of metal or synthetic materials that are Using awnings not compatible with the character of the compatible with the industrial character of the zone. zone.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Because of industrial character of buildings, typical storefront treatments that span the width of the façade are not appropriate. Each opening should have its own awning.

Using installations that do not damage the building or visually block or impair its distinctive architectural features.

Selecting colors, pattern, form, and materials that relate to and Using of materials, colors, and designs that detract from the complement the surrounding buildings. character of the building.

See also Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 44 The Use of Awnings on Historic Buildings: Repairs, Replacement and New Design; National Park Service Interpreting the Secretary of the Interior’s Standards for Rehabilitation (ITS) Bulletins: ITS Number 27: Awnings: Adding Awnings to Historic Storefronts and Entrances.

ACCESS

Originally, historic buildings were not designed to accommodate the needs of people with disabilities. Federal law requires that historic buildings occupied by employees or residents and visited for business or private purposes meet accessibility requirements for individuals with disabilities under the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA) of 1990.

Recommended Not Recommended

Providing building access through a primary pubic entrance. Using rear or service entrances as the only means of entering If access through a primary entrance cannot occur without the building for individuals with disabilities. causing permanent damage to the character-defining features of the historic entrance, at least one entrance used by the public should be made accessible. Appropriate directional signage should be installed to direct disabled individuals from the primary historic entrance to the accessible entrance.

Installing mechanical wheelchair lifts or submergible lifts in unobtrusive locations with cover from the elements.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Installing ramps along side elevations that are designed and located to minimize the loss of any historic features at the connection point to the building. Installing ramps behind historic features such as walls, railings, or landscaping to minimize the visual effect from the public right-of-way.

Ramps should be installed on side elevations or behind historic features to minimize visual effect.

See also Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 32 Making Historic Properties Accessible

SIGNAGE

The primary purpose of signage is to identify the business name and location. Sign location is an important element in the adaptation of new uses for industrial/warehouse facilities. Generally, each building should have a primary sign noting the name and location, and secondary signage with information about hours of operation and building use. Because of the need to retain the industrial character of the setting of Zone 1 and the fact that the commercial buildings do not have a sign frieze typical of retail storefronts, the following guidelines limit the types of signage options.

Appropriate signage

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Recommended Not Recommended

Using signs that respect the size, scale, and design of the Using large, flashy signs designed to attract automobiles from historic building and are pedestrian scaled; signs that do not a distance. obscure significant features of the historic building and neighboring buildings; and sign materials compatible with and characteristic of the building’s period and style, including the following primary sign forms: (1) a single plaque on a flat surface on the first story wall plane near the entrance; (2) a projecting pendant sign mounted on a flat wall plane above the primary entrance; or (3) signage printed on awnings

Using small, poorly proportioned signs with an inferior quality of design, materials, and execution.

Mounting signs on a roof.

Using signs on windows and/or doors that overpower the other building signs.

Using simple legible primary signs containing only the name of Using several signs and messages that compete with one the business and no secondary or incidental information. another.

Selecting colors, materials, and a lettering style that relates to and complements the historic building and the surrounding buildings. In general, each sign should contain a maximum of three colors, two materials, and one lettering style.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Using signs attached to building that do not damage the historic fabric and that ensure the safety of pedestrians. Installing fittings that penetrate mortar joints rather than brick with properly calculated and distributed sign loads.

Using signs painted on windows and doors for secondary information that do not obscure visibility from inside or outside the building.

See also: Technical Preservation Services, Heritage Preservation Services Division, National Park Service Preservation Brief 25 The Preservation of Historic Signs

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FIGURE 5: ZONE 2 STREETSCAPES AND ALLEYS

LAND USE PLAN

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ZONE 2: STREETSCAPES AND ALLEYS

NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT The historic patterns of streets and alleys form the basis for the visual patterns that traditionally defined the redevelopment zone. This existing grid layout of streets and alleyways also serve as links that extend into adjoining neighborhoods and beyond. These features and spaces compose the grid of streets, alleys, and sidewalks, as well as the off-axis railroad right-of-way. Today, this public right-of-way zone plays an important role in defining the relationship between the manufacturing zone and the adjacent residential streets. Physical inspection of the zone and an analysis of historic photographs and maps indicate that these zones have significant loss of material and features. Reestablishment and retention of these established patterns is important in maintaining the visual character and identity of the historic manufacturing zone of East Lawrence.

ACCESS

Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining all alley dimensions and driveway access to alleys.

Retaining/reestablishing the width and number of vehicular traffic lanes to match existing conditions or the established grid in East Lawrence.

Providing curb cuts for ADA accessibility at street crossings.

STREETSCAPE

Recommended Not Recommended

Removing built-up street overlay and exposing original brick.

Reestablishing the grass verge between the sidewalks and curbs at the corners of East 8th and Pennsylvania Streets, East 8th and Delaware Streets, East 9th and Pennsylvania Streets, and East 9th and Delaware Streets.

While retaining the grassy verge zones at the corners, pave the traditional verge zone for parking with a material different from that of the street, thus delineating the original street width and street/curb/verge configuration.

Retaining the historic parking zone on the north side of the Poehler Building on East 8th Street.

Retain the historic parking zone on the west side of the 804/806 building on Pennsylvania.

Constructing concrete and/or brick sidewalks to match the materials of those found in the adjoining neighborhoods along Pennsylvania and East 9th Street.

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Recommended Not Recommended

In Zone 1, Existing sidewalks shall remain. Repairs to existing sidewalks on Pennsylvania and Delaware Streets that conform to the dimensions of those shown on Pennsylvania and Delaware Streets, respectively, from the 1927 Sanborn Fire Insurance Company maps. New sidewalks in Zone 1 shall conform to City Standards. In Zones 3 & 4 sidewalks shall be constructed to a minimum width of 5’-0”

Establishing a sheltered bus venue on the west side of Delaware Street.

Establishing sheltered bus venues that are compatible with the listed properties and their environs.

N

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Paving Design

Pedestrian/Parking Surfaces – Corner Condition Pedestrian/Parking Surfaces – Mid Block Condition Show here at the west corner of 8th and Pennsylvania Shown here mid-block between 8th and 9th on the west side of Pennsylvania

LANDSCAPE The existing landscaping in Zone 2 primarily consists of unmaintained shrubs and weeds. Since most of Zone 2 borders the historical Zone 1, care should be given to not diverge from the industrial feel of the area. Historic conditions supersede the Design Guidelines for landscaping requirements in Zone 1.

Recommended Not Recommended

In addition to restoring portions of the traditional grass verges, Planting trees that produce large amounts of fruit or flowers. planting street trees in the verge zones to define the separation Planting small trees that will be less than thirty-six feet tall at between the sidewalk and the street. Creating a clear walking maturity. Planting trees that are not native to the zone or zone of at least ten feet between the trees and buildings, and that have marginal success in the zone. Planting trees with maintaining a mature branching height of at least twelve feet branches that break easily. above the street.

Planting trees large enough to add substantial greenery and Installing artificial trees, shrubs, turf, or plants. shade, with a three-inch caliper at a minimum.

Using plantings that reinforce the city grid and cohesiveness of the area.

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Using native trees approved by City of Lawrence Parks and Recreation Department. (See Appendix)

Planting a quantity of trees that complies with the minimum number required set forth in the City Standards.

Tree Well detail for 6” curb

LIGHTING

Unless noted otherwise, lighting for Zone 2 will be consistent with the City of Lawrence Code, sections 20-14A01 through Section 20-14A03. Street and pedestrian walkway lighting shall have a maximum initial illumination value of no greater than 0.20 horizontal footcandles at the zone boundary. No more than 5 percent of designed fixture lumens to be emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down) at the zone boundary. For zone boundaries that abut the public right of way, light trespass requirements may be met relative to the curb line in lieu of the zone boundary.

Recommended Not Recommended

Installing simple, contemporary, or generic pedestrian-scale Installing street lights with a historic appearance that street lights. replicate those used in retail and residential zones.

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Pedestrian scale lighting

‘Dark Sky’ style lighting fixtures.

PARKING

Existing parking facilities are currently comprised of some unpaved on-street parking, primarily as roadside locations.

Recommended Not Recommended

Visually and spatially separating on-street parking from pedestrian walkways or plazas through the use of additional site elements, including landscaping and special pavement treatments.

Site section at On-street Parking

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FIGURE 6: ZONE 3 800 PENNSYLVANIA MIXED-USE ZONE

LAND USE PLAN

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ZONE 3: 800 PENNSYLVANIA MIXED-USE ZONE

NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT This zone is adjacent to the historic residential neighborhoods of East Lawrence and was once part of the residential enclave, but none of the original setting or residences remain. This zone should function as a buffer or transition zone between the residential neighborhoods to the west and south and the mixed-use of the historic industrial complex and new development. This zone should be reserved for new construction. Contemporary methods of design and construction have to be coordinated with the existing surroundings dating from the late nineteenth century. A continuous sense of space should be conveyed using traditional and new materials in new ways. *New construction should relate to the setback, size, form, patterns, texture, materials, and color of the features that characterize the environs of all listed properties. Where there are inconsistent or varied patterns the new construction should fall within the range of typical patterns in the environs of the listed properties. Future environs review within the conservation zone should be in the context of the character defining features of the listed properties.

SUSTAINABILITY As a zone dedicated to new construction, this zone has the most potential for integration of sustainable building practices. Including aspects of green architecture into the building design early on is recommended, and will have the best chance for success.

Recommended Not Recommended

Having mixed residential/retail commercial use. Having commercial use only.

Examples of Mixed-use

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*This language is taken directly from the “Standards and Guidelines for Evaluating the Effect of Projects on Environs”. RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS

Recommended Not Recommended

Maintaining the massing character of the two- to three-story Dividing single-family residences into multi-family dwelling buildings in the area. Massing and building styles that units. compliment the height, width, and depth of the residential lots in the adjacent neighborhood and/or the original lot width.

Arranging architectural elements in a regular and repetitive pattern. Patterns can be found within individual buildings, such as the arrangement of windows, or in groupings of buildings along a street.

Arranging of open space in a regular and repetitive pattern.

Maintaining proportions and relationships between doors and windows that are compatible in placement and scale with the architectural character of the single family residences in the adjacent residential neighborhood.

Maintaining individual or shared entrance porches on residential buildings designated to provide semi-public space for neighborhood interaction.

Example of Housing Density and Fenestration

Maintaining consistency in the use of materials and textures. Using synthetic building materials and/or poor quality building materials.

Using traditional building materials found in East Lawrence.

Using traditional colors found in the buildings of East Lawrence.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Using architectural details that add visual interest to a Replicating historic architectural details associated with a building and that define the character of a building. particular style in such as way as to create a false sense of history by reproducing a historic house design.

Using roof shapes and architectural characteristics that reference the traditional industrial/commercial built environment of East Lawrence, but incorporate a clear differentiation of old and new.

Having rear façades of residential buildings that include porches and decks and that create a transition from a residential to a commercial/industrial mixed-use appearance.

BUILT TO LINES AND SETBACKS

Recommended Not Recommended

Constructing new buildings with inappropriate alignment setback and spacing, massing, proportion, or pattern that is out of character with the residential and small commercial buildings found in East Lawrence.

Locating the front walls of residential buildings on the same plane and matching the rhythm of spacing (or lack thereof) between buildings and the rhythm of entrances and other projections or recesses to sidewalks.

Having individual or shared entrance porches on residential buildings with individual sizes and locations that merges with and compliments the architectural diversity of East Lawrence.

LANDSCAPE

Recommended Not Recommended

Having front yards with lawn, shrubbery, and tree plantings, Introducing landscape features such as front yard fencing, typically found in East Lawrence. statuary, walls, benches, yard lights, and so forth that were not traditionally found on the streetscapes of East Lawrence.

PARKING

Proposed parking for the residential portions of Zone 3 will be consistent in design and scale for the zone to serve as the transition zone between the historical properties in Zone 1 and the single family residential areas on New Jersey. Parking will be limited to single story structures that will be served by the alleyway.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Using the rear portion of a lot accessed by an alley for parking spaces/structures.

Providing some green space at the rear of buildings.

Separating parking zones/structures from residential buildings with landscaped pathways.

Having parking structures that are subservient in size, scale, massing, and materials that create the impression of ancillary residential outbuildings.

Designing parking structures to be compatible with neighboring buildings, including materials.

Breaking up the overall massing of the parking structure with architectural details.

Low bollard lighting will be used to limit lighting impacts to adjacent residential areas.

LIGHTING

Unless noted otherwise, lighting for Zone 3 will be consistent with the City of Lawrence Code, sections 20-14A01 through Section 20-14A03, or subsequent applicable City standards. Residential lighting will have a maximum initial illumination value of no greater than 0.10 horizontal footcandles at the zone boundary. No more than 5 percent of the total designed fixture lumens are at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down). In order to limit lighting impacts on adjacent residential properties, low bollard lighting will be utilized in parking areas adjacent to these properties in lieu of standard pole lighting.

Recommended Not Recommended

Having exterior residential lighting at building entrances.

COMMERCIAL/RETAIL CORNER BUILDINGS

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS

Recommended Not Recommended

Having corner business buildings that reference the original lot Having corner commercial buildings larger than the three configuration through the use of vertical bays. If the building original lot sizes. is bigger than two traditional lots, differentiating the bays to create the visual impression of an assembly of small commercial buildings.

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Recommended Not Recommended

Typical Corner Building

Using a corner entrance in combination with traditional entrances to create variety in fenestration.

Using traditional brick walls, but differentiating in design, Designing commercial buildings that as a whole present the color, texture, and pattern between commercial buildings to impression of suburban development patterns and design create a heterogeneous treatment. treatments rather than the heterogeneous appearance of evolution over a period of time on a lot-by-lot basis. Having a clear system of base, middle, and top; visual referencing of traditional storefront components (i.e., bulkhead, display window, sign frieze, second-story fenestration, and cornice/parapet).

Base, Middle, and Top

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BUILT TO LINES AND SETBACKS

Recommended Avoid

Constructing new buildings with inappropriate alignment setback and spacing, massing, proportion, or pattern that is out of character with the residential and small commercial buildings found in East Lawrence.

Locating the front walls of residential buildings on the same plane and matching the rhythm of spacing (or lack thereof) between buildings and the rhythm of entrances and other projections or recesses to sidewalks.

Having individual or shared entrance porches on residential buildings with individual sizes and locations that merge with and compliment the architectural diversity of East Lawrence.

SIGNAGE

Recommended Not Recommended

Using new signs that respect the size, scale, and design of the Using small, poorly proportioned signs with an inferior building (1) on a flat sign located in the frieze above the quality of design, materials, and execution. display window; (2) on a single plaque on the flat surface on the first-story wall plane near the entrance; (3) a projecting pendant sign mounted on the flat wall plane above the primary entrance; or (4) awning signs.

Mounting signs on a roof.

Roof Mounted Sign Using signs designed on a pedestrian scale. Using large, flashy signs designed to attract automobiles from a distance. Using one simple legible primary sign containing only the Using several signs and messages that compete with one name of the business and no secondary or incidental another. information.

Using secondary signage painted on glass in windows and

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Recommended Not Recommended doors for secondary information that does not obscure visibility from inside or outside the building.

Selecting colors, materials, and a lettering style that relates to and complements the building and contains a maximum of three colors, two materials, and one lettering style.

ACCESS

Recommended Not Recommended

Providing access to the parking lots only from the main Access to commercial buildings from alley ways or vehicular streets. routes that abut single family residences.

PARKING

Proposed parking for the residential portions of Zone 3 will be consistent with the requirements of the City of Lawrence Code, sections 20-1205, or subsequent applicable City standards. Parking for commercial, retail and mixed-use uses shall be served from a public street in lieu of an alleyway.

Recommended Not Recommended

Locating surface parking lots at the sides or rear of buildings or structures.

Having multiple small parking lots rather than single large parking lots.

Multiple Small Parking Lots

Subdividing larger surface lots with landscaped islands that have trees.

Visually and spatially separating pedestrian walkways adjacent to parking and driveways through the use of additional site elements, including bollards, lighting, landscaping, and special

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pavement treatments.

Low bollard lighting will be used to limit lighting impacts to adjacent residential areas.

LIGHTING

Unless noted otherwise, lighting in Zone 3 will be consistent with City of Lawrence Code Section 20-14A01 through Section 20-14A03, or subsequent applicable City standards. Parking lighting shall have a maximum initial illumination value no greater than 0.10 horizontal footcandles at the zone boundary. Nor more than 5 percent of fixture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down) with the exception of minor building lighting. These lighting requirements are adapted from IESNA RP-33-99. In order to limit lighting impacts on adjacent residential properties, low bollard lighting will be utilized in parking areas adjacent to these properties in lieu of standard pole lighting.

Recommended Not Recommended

Using light fixtures that are as inconspicuous as possible with Using conduits that are visible from the public right-of-way. the exception of lighting compatible with the district.

Using incandescent lights to illuminate small projecting and Using fluorescent light fixtures and high intensity discharge flat signboards and ambient light to illuminate the overall lighting. façade.

Designing the light source for signs as a part of the sign or Using neon lighting that accentuates any shape or form of hiding it from view. any of the building’s elements.

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FIGURE 7: ZONE 4 EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ZONE

LAND USE PLAN

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FIGURE 8: ZONE 4: EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ZONE (CONTINUED/ROTATED)

LAND USE PLAN

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ZONE 4: EXISTING AND NEW CONSTRUCTION ZONE

NEIGHBORHOOD CONTEXT This zone is characterized by trapezoidal lots with alignments to both the traditional street grid system and the railroad right-of-way. The parcels were historically characterized by a lack of density, buildings of all sizes, and large amounts of open space, particularly in zones adjacent to railroad right-of-way. They contain several World War II- era Quonset Huts. This zone provides opportunities for new types of development that would retain open spaces and enhance the visual connection to the railroad right-of-way.

Due to its location, Zone 4 is a transitional buffer zone between the Historic and Residential Zones in the UC-O District and the more industrial uses of the railroad, concrete plant, and other potential future developments east of the UC-O District. As a result, the design, scale, massing, and lot openness of the zone should reflect this transitional nature.

SUSTAINABILITY As a new construction zone, this zone has the most potential for integration of sustainable building practices. Including aspects of green architecture into the building design early on is recommended, and will have the best chance for success.

INFRASTRUCTURE New construction in this zone will necessitate the need for new street and infrastructure additions, as well. Any additions of this character shall be consistent with those design guidelines established Zone 2, Streetscapes and Alleyways.

ARCHITECTURAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MATERIALS

Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining the Quonset Huts in adaptive re-use when Constructing buildings of the size, scale, and density of the economically feasible. residential zones in East Lawrence.

Incorporating new construction that uses mid- to large-scale buildings. Constructing buildings that reference the street grid or the railroad alignment.

Continuing new mixed-use residential commercial development patterns established in Zone 3 in the zone north of East 8th Street between New Jersey and Pennsylvania Streets, creating a buffer zone or locating large industrial size buildings within surrounding open space.

Building scale should be consistent with the zoned usage. “Big Box” architecture.

Building materials and fenestration should be consistent with building use but complementary to the surrounding zones.

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LANDSCAPE

Recommended Not Recommended

Retaining traditional open spaces.

ACCESS

Recommended Not Recommended

Locating dual access drives for service and delivery vehicles so Access routes for delivery vehicles that create routes directly that they do not disrupt pedestrian or vehicular circulation and through the residential areas. do not visually detract from the front of the buildings by shifting them to parking areas or providing alley access.

Designing and locating access drives so that they prevent headlights from shining into adjacent residential zones.

PARKING

Recommended Not Recommended

Locating surface parking lots on all sides of the primary buildings and structures.

Retention of existing on-street parking in front of existing Zone 4 buildings.

Parking design should be consistent with other zones in the Large surface lots. UC-O District.

Low bollard lighting will be used to limit lighting impacts to adjacent residential areas.

SIGNAGE

Recommended Not Recommended

Having all signs conform with the Sign Code provisions of Article 7 of the Code of the City of Lawrence

Depending upon the building’s use, signs may be oriented toward both pedestrian and vehicular traffic.

Having storefront façades that do not extend past the

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storefront cornice line. Locating storefront signs in the zone between the display windows and the roofline or the second story. Signs for multiple storefronts within the same building should align with each other.

Using signs that reflect the overall symmetry of the building

Examples of storefront signage

LIGHTING

Unless noted otherwise, lighting in Zone 4 will be consistent with City of Lawrence Code Section 20-14A01 through Section 20-14A03, or subsequent applicable City standards. Parking lighting shall have a maximum initial illumination value no greater than 0.20 horizontal footcandles at the zone boundary. Nor more than 5 percent of fixture lumens are emitted at an angle of 90 degrees or higher from nadir (straight down) with the exception of minor building lighting. These lighting requirements are adapted from IESNA RP-33-99. In order to limit lighting impacts on adjacent residential properties, low bollard lighting will be utilized in parking areas adjacent to these properties in lieu of standard pole lighting.

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APPENDIX A

Growing trees successfully depends on the selection of the right trees for the intended site. It is important to match the growing conditions and space available on the site with the cultural requirements and projected size of each tree to be planted. The following four charts on the following pages show the tolerances of individual trees to various environmental conditions as well as the major landscape attributes of each tree. Not all recommended trees for planting in Northeast Kansas are included. The preferred trees listed were recommended by industry professionals such as city foresters, local tree boards, county and horticulture extension agents, commercial arborists and retail/production nursery interests.

KEY TO USING THIS INFORMATION:

TREE SPECIES AND CULTIVARS: The names of the trees are listed in the center of four different charts. Three of the charts list deciduous trees according to average mature height [a plus (+) indicates they may grow slightly larger.] The fourth chart lists evergreen trees. If improved cultivars of the trees are available and recommended, they are listed. Cultivars often possess improved plant characteristics like better fall color; a unique form; more attractive flowers, fruit or bark; greater heat tolerance; or increased pest resistance. Many trees are available in single and multi-stemmed form. Multi-stemmed forms are more likely to be damaged from snow, ice, or wind.

ENVIRONMENTAL TOLERANCES: The left side of each chart indicates whether the tree is tolerant to various environmental conditions including full sun, light shade, alkaline soil, drought or wet soil. Each chart also shows how resistant each tree is to insect and disease pests. A “G” (for good) under the appropriate column indicates the tree is strongly tolerant of the characteristic indicated. An “F” (for fair) signifies that the tree shows some tolerance. A blank space in a column indicates the tree is not tolerant and should not be subjected to that environmental condition. Specific information on the “alkaline soil” and “pests” categories follows: ALKALINE SOIL: (G) = tree may tolerate soils with a pH up to 8.0 or more; (F) = tree generally will tolerate

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an alkaline soil up to a pH of 7.5; (blank) = tree may not tolerate alkaline soils; do not plant in alkaline soils to avoid the problem of iron or manganese chlorosis. PESTS: (G) = tree is usually free of insect and disease problems; (F) = tree encounters insect or disease pests on an infrequent basis and often is not permanently damaged; (blank) = tree may suffer from pests which may permanently damage or kill the tree and/or the tree may exhibit minor insect and disease problems on a frequent basis which may affect the aesthetics of the tree or insects may commonly be a nuisance.

LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES: The right side of each chart includes average mature height and spread of each tree. The size is sometimes highly variable due to the size and shape of different cultivars planted and variability among growing sites. The landscape attributes of flowers, fruit, autumn color and ornamental bark are also listed. DESIRABLE FLOWERS: (G) = the flowers are showy, adding unique ornamental interest to the landscape; (F) = the flowers are not particularly showy, but may possess other desirable characteristics such as fragrance; (blank) = the flowers are generally considered insignificant. SHOWY OR USEFUL FRUIT: (G) = fruits are generally aesthetically pleasing; (F) = fruits or nuts are not considered unusually showy, but may provide other interest or benefits such as attracting wildlife; (blank) = no showy or useful fruit. AUTUMN FOLIAGE COLOR: (G) = the autumn leaf color is typically quite good (may vary with individual trees, cultivars and environmental conditions, however); (F) = the fall color may provide interest in some years; (blank) = autumn foliage color is generally not considered an asset of this particular tree. ORNAMENTAL BARK: (G) = the bark or twigs are considered to be exceptionally ornamental; (F) = the bark or twigs (on at least some cultivars) lend interest to the landscape (good color, texture, etc.); (blank) = the bark or twigs are not generally considered to be ornamental.

This publication is made available in cooperation with the USDA Forest Service. Kansas State University and the Kansas Forest Service is committed to making their services, activities and programs accessible to all participants. Support and input for this publication is provided by:

ENVIRONMENT (tolerant of) LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES SMALL DECIDUOUS TREES (usually under 20 feet at ALKALINE PESTS SHOWY FULL LIGHT WET maturity) Trees MATURE MATURE AUTUMN SOIL DROUGHT (RESISTANT DESIRABLE OR ORNAMENTA SUN SHADE SOIL with mature HEIGHT SPREAD FOLIAGE (HIGH TO) FLOWERS USEFUL L BARK height 20 feet or COLOR pH) less can be used FRUIT within 15 feet on either side of utility lines. G F Japanese Maple 15-25 15-25 G (Acer palmatum) Protect from summer wind and heat exposure.

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G F F G F F Amur Maple (Acer 15-20 15-20 G tataricum var. ginnala) Cultivars: 'Compactum', 'Flame' and other improved selections G G Serviceberry 15-25 15-20 G G F (Amelanchier x grandiflora) Cultivar: ‘Autumn Brilliance’. Choose superior cultivars and native species. G F G F F Eastern Redbud 20-25+ 20-25+ G F F (Cercis canadensis) Cultivars: ‘Alba’, 'Forest Pansy' G F G F F Oklahoma Redbud 15-20+ 15-20+ G F F (Cercis canadensis subspecies texensis 'Oklahoma') G G F Chinese Fringetree 15-25 10-25 G G G (Chionanthus retusus) G G F White Fringetree 10-20 10-20 G (Chionanthus virginicus) G F F F Common 10-15 10-15 G Smoketree (Cotinus spp.) Purple and green leaf cultivars available Winterberry Euonymus G F G G F 15-20+ 10 G F (Euonymus bungeanus) G G Star Magnolia 15-20 10-15 G (Magnolia stellata) Protect from summer wind and heat exposure. G F G Sweetbay 10-30 10-20 F Magnolia (Magnolia virginiana) Protect from summer wind and heat exposure.

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G F F Flowering varies varies G G F Crabapple (Malus spp.) Many cultivars available. Choose disease resistant cultivars only. Superior cultivars include: ‘Prairiefire’, ‘Adirondack’, ‘Adams’, ‘Sargeant’, Also refer to KSU Research and Extension Crabapple Publication MF- 875. G F F Chokecherry 15-25 10-15 G G F (Prunus virginiana) Cultivar: ‘Canada Red Select’ G G F F Japanese Tree 20-25 15-25 G G Lilac (Syringa reticulata) Cultivar: 'Ivory Silk'

ENVIRONMENT (tolerant of) LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES

MEDIUM

FULL LIGHT ALKALINE WET PESTS DECIDUOUS MATURE MATURE DESIRABLE SHOWY AUTUMN ORNAMENTAL DROUGHT SUN SHADE SOIL SOIL (RESISTANT TREES (usually 20 HEIGHT SPREAD FLOWERS OR FOLIAGE BARK (HIGH TO) to 40 feet at USEFUL COLOR pH) maturity) FRUIT

G F F F F F Trident Maple (Acer 20-35 20-30 G F buergeiranum) Some trees could suffer winter injury. G G F G G Hedge Maple (Acer 25-35 25-35 F campestre) Cultivar: Queen Elizabeth™('Evelyn') F F F G Paperbark Maple 20-30 15-30 F G (Acer griseum) G F F F G Shantung ( 25-30 25-30 F Purpleblow) Maple (Acer truncatum) Cultivars-hybrid with A. platanoides: ‘Keithsform’ (Norwegian Sunset™),

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‘Warrensred’ (Pacific Sunset™).

F G F American Hornbeam 20-30 20-30 (Carpinus caroliniana)

G F G American Yellowwood (Cladrastis kentukea) 30-50 40-55 F F G G G Goldenraintree (Koelreuteria paniculata) 30-40 30-40 G G F G G G F G Osage Orange (Maclura pomifera) Cultivars: 'Wichita', ‘Whiteshield. Fruitless 30-40+ 20-40 G F and thornless cultivars recommended for most community plantings.

F G Saucer Magnolia (Magnolia x soulangiana) Protect from summer wind and 20-30 15-25 G heat exposure. G F F Flowering Crabapple (Malus species) Many cultivars available. Choose disease varies varies G G F resistant cultivars only. Superior cultivars include: ‘Centurion’; 'Ralph Shay'; Siberian Crab (M. baccata 'Jackii'); 'Spring Snow'; 'Van Eseltine'; White Angel™ ('Inglis'); 'Red Splendor'. Also refer to KSU Research and Extension Crabapple Publication MF-875.

G G F F G Hophornbeam (Ironwood) (Ostrya virginiana) 25-40 20-30 F F F G F G F Callery Pear (Pyrus calleryana) Several improved cultivars available. Superior 30-40+ 10-45 G F G cultivars include: ‘Chanticleer’ (also labeled ‘Cleveland Select’), ‘Capital’, ‘Aristocrat’, ‘Redspire’. ‘Bradford’ is not a recommended cultivar.

G G G G Chinkapin Oak (Quercus muehlenbergii) 35-40+ 40-45 F F G G G G Western Soapberry (Sapindus drummondii) 25-40+ 25-30 G G G F

ENVIRONMENT (tolerant of) LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES

LARGE and VERY LARGE FULL LIGHT ALKALINE WET PESTS DECIDUOUS MATURE MATURE DESIRABLE SHOWY AUTUMN ORNAMENTAL SUN SHADE SOIL DROUGHT SOIL (RESISTANT HEIGHT SPREAD FLOWERS OR FOLIAGE BARK TREES usually 40 (HIGH TO) ( USEFUL COLOR pH) feet and larger at FRUIT maturity)

G F F Freeman Maple 50-60 40-50 G F (Acer x freemanii) Cultivar: ‘Armstrong’; ‘Jeffersred’ (Autumn Blaze ®); Autumn Fantasy ™. Poisonous to horses. G F G G Norway Maple (Acer 40-50 40-50 platanoides) Several cultivars available. Superior cultivars include: ‘Emerald

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Queen’, ‘Superform’ (Green leaf cultivars) and ‘’Fairview’, ‘Crimson King’, ‘Royal Red’ (Red leaf cultivars). G F G Red Maple (Acer 40-60 35-50 F G F rubrum) Cultivars: Red Sunset ® ('Franksred'); October Glory ®; 'Autumn Flame'; Burgundy Belle ® ‘Magnificent Magenta’ and columnar forms; Poisonous to horses. G G F Sugar Maple (Acer 40-60+ 30-50 G saccharum) Cultivars: 'Commemoration'; 'Legacy'; Caddo; ’Fall Fiesta’; ‘Bonfire’; all are more heat tolerant/leaf tatter resistant cultivars. G G F River Birch (Betula 40-60 40-50 F F G nigra) Cultivar: 'Heritage' G F F F European Hornbeam 40-60 30-40+ (Carpinus betulus) Upright cultivars available. G F G F Persimmon 35-50+ 20-35 F G F G (Diospyros virginiana) G G G G Ginkgo (Ginkgo 50-60+ 25-40 G F biloba) Cultivars: 'Autumn Gold'; 'Princeton Sentry'; ‘Magyar’. Male cultivars recommended for most community plantings. G G G F Thornless 40-60+ 30-50 F Honeylocust (Gleditsia triacanthos var. inermis) Cultivars: 'Shademaster', 'Skyline', ‘Imperial’. G G G F G Kentucky Coffeetree 50-60+ 30-45 F F F (Gymnocladus dioicus) Seedless cultivars available. G G Sweetgum 50-75 35-50 F G F (Liquidambar

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styraciflua) G F G Black Tupelo (Black 30-50 20-30 G G Gum) (Nyssa sylvatica) G F G F G London Planetree 60-80 50-60 F G (Platanus x acerifolia)

Cultivar: ‘Bloodgood’. G F G G Sawtooth Oak (Quercus acutissima) 35-40+ 30-45 F F G White Oak (Quercus alba) 60-80 40-60 F G G F G F Swamp White Oak (Quercus bicolor) 50-60 40-60 F G F G G F F Shingle Oak (Quercus imbricaria) 50-60 40-60 F F G G G F Bur Oak (Quercus macrocarpa) 60-80 50-70 F G F F G Willow Oak (Quercus phellos) 40-60 30-40 F G Chestnut Oak (Quercus prinus) 60-70 60-70 G G F F English Oak (Quercus robur) 40-60+ 45-65 F G F Red Oak (Quercus rubra) 60-75 40-60 F G G F F F F Shumard Red Oak (Quercus shumardii) 60-80 40-60 F G G G G G Baldcypress (Taxodium distichum) 50-70+ 20-50 F G F G F F F American Linden (Tilia americana) Cultivars: 'Redmond' 50-60+ 35-40 F F

G F G F Littleleaf Linden (Tilia cordata) Cultivars: 'Greenspire'. 50-60 25-40 F F

G F G G F F Lacebark Elm (Ulmus parvifolia) Cultivars: ‘Emeri I’ (Athena®); ‘Emer II’ 40-60 35-50 F F G (Allee®); Bosque™; ‘Emerald Prairie’; ‘Frontier’.

ENVIRONMENT (tolerant of) LANDSCAPE ATTRIBUTES

FULL SUN LIGHT SHADE ALKALINE SOIL (HIGH pH) DROUGHTWET SOILPESTS MATURE HEIGHTMATURE SPREAD DESIRABLE (RESISTANT TO) EVERGREEN TREES FLOWERS SHOWY OR USEFUL FRUIT AUTUMN FOLIAGE COLOR ORNAMENTAL BARK G G G G F G G G Upright Chinese Juniper (Juniperus chinensis) Many cultivars varies varies 10- G G F F F F G G available. See your KSU-County Extension office or local nursery for 30-40+ 30 15-20 F G the best recommendations. Eastern Red Cedar (Juniperus virginiana) 30-40+ 25-30 15- Many cultivars available. Superior cultivars include: 'Canaertii' 40-60 30 (Canaert Red Cedar), ‘Taylor’, ‘Burkii’; Black Hills Spruce (Picea 30-40 glauca 'Densata') Norway Spruce (Picea abies) Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) Cultivar: ‘Vanderwolf’s Pryamid’

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ZONE 4 April 14, 2006 81

This publication is coordinated and updated by the Kansas Forest Service. For further information and assistance, or to provide feedback and recommendations to the preferred tree listing please contact:

Kim Bomberger, NE / NC District Community Forester Preferred tree lists are available for other areas of the state. Kansas Forest Service Visit us on the web for more information. 2610 Claflin Road Manhattan, KS 66502 785-532-3315 [email protected]

www.kansasforests.org Revised August 2005

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ZONE 4 April 14, 2006 82

APPENDIX B

8TH AND PENN NEIGHBORHOOD REDEVELOPMENT DENSITY

Residential Bldg Stories (sq ft) Units Retail (sq ft) Office (sq ft) 720 E. 9th 806 Penn 1 1115 804 Penn 2 1369 Poehler (Main) 1 15508 2nd floor + basement 2 12893 Residential 25700 24 810 Penn 2 6627 826 Penn 1 10444 830-832 Penn 1 10220 846 Penn West 2 2651 846 Penn East 1 1556 Totals 25700 24 23762 38621

8th & Penn 3 3600 9th & Penn 3 3600 Penn Row Phase II 3 11230 10 Penn Row Phase III 3 11230 10

ProjectedPenn Row Phase IV Existing Buildings 3 11230 10 Totals 33690 30 7200 0

OVERALL TOTALS 59390 54 30962 38621

Total Development Area (Residential area + Retail area + Office area) 128973 Percentage Retail (not to exceed 25%; see page 11 of this document) 24.0%

Note: Built, unoccupied space shall be calculated as non-retail space for the purpose of determining a percentage of retail development for the 8th and Penn UC-O District.

Note: A revised Appendix B shall be submitted with each plan review as stated in the Review Principles section (pg. 16) of this document.

8th and Penn Neighborhood Redevelopment Area Design Guidelines ZONE 4 April 14, 2006 83 NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

City of Lawrence

• Achning, Ralph and Cloyd, House, Craftsman Bungalow, c.1924 846 Missouri Street Listed in the National Register in 1987 Criterion B (Commerce: Ralph and Cloyd Achning) and Criterion C (Architecture: Bungalow) Period of Significance: 1924

• Bailey Hall, c.1900 University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard Listed in the National Register in 2001 Criterion A, B (Science and Education [E. H. S. Bailey]) Period of Significance: 1899-1949

• Bell, George and Annie, House, Folk House National, c.1862-1863 1008 Ohio Street Listed in the National Register in 1983 Criterion A (Associated with the Quantrill’s Raid); Criterion A (Exploration and Settlement: Patterns of Lawrence Development; and Criterion C (Architecture: Folk House National) Period of Significance: 1862-1864

• Benedict House, Vernacular/Folk Victorian, c.1869 922 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1992 Criterion A (Social History: Growth and Development of Lawrence) and Criterion C (Architecture: Folk Victorian) Period of Significance: 1869-1890

• Blood, Col. James and Eliza, House, Italianate, c.1970 1015 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1972 Criterion C (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance: 1870

• Breezedale Historic District Massachusetts Street south of 23rd Street Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion A, C (Community Planning and Architecture) Period of Significance: 1910-1945

1 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Carnegie Library (Old Lawrence City Library), Beaux Arts/Classical Revival, c.1904 200 West 9th Street Listed in the National Register in 1975 Criterion A (Education: Library of Lawrence) and Criterion C (Architecture: Classical Revival) Period of Significance: 1904-1975

• Double Hyperbolic Paraboloid, c. 1956 934 W 21st Street Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion C, (Architecture and Engineering) Period of Significance: 1956

• Douglas County Court House, Richardson Romanesque, 1903-1904 1100 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 1975 Criterion C (Architecture and Work of a Master: Richardson Romanesque and John G. Haskell) Period of Significance: 1903-1904

• Duncan, Charles and Adeline, House, Italianate, c.1869 933 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1986 Criterion A (Exploration and Settlement: Development of Lawrence) and Criterion C (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance: 1869

• Dyche Hall, Romanesque, c.1901 University of Kansas, 1031 Oread Avenue Listed in the National Register in 1974 Criterion B (Education Lewis Lindsay Dyche) and Criterion C (Architecture: Romanesque) Period of Significance: 1901-1945

• East Lawrence Industrial Historic District 8th Street on north, 9th Street on south, Pennsylvania Street on west and Delaware Street on west Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion A (Commerce, Industry and Community Planning) Period of Significance: 1883-1955

• Eldridge Hotel, Neo-Georgian, c.1925-1928 701 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 1986 Criterion B (Commerce: William G. Huston) and Criterion C (Architecture: Neo- Georgian) Period of Significance: 1925-1928

2 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • English Lutheran Church, Gothic Revival, c.1870 1040 New Hampshire Street Listed in the National Register in 1995 Criterion B (Social History: English Lutheran Church) and Criterion C (Architecture: Gothic Revival) Period of Significance: 1870-1929

• Fernand-Strong, c. 1872 1515 University Drive Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion B (Significant Person, Frank Strong) Period of Significance: 1872-1939

• Goodrich, Eugene F., House, Queen Anne, c.1890-1891 1711 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 2001 Criterion C (Architecture: Late Victorian – Queen Anne) Nomination also discusses association with Goodrich who resided in the residence until 1911. Period of Significance: 1890

• Green Hall, Beaux Arts/ Greco Roman Revival, c.1904 University of Kansas, 1300 Jayhawk Boulevard Listed in the National Register in 1974 Criterion C (Architecture: Greco-Roman Revival) Period of Significance: 1904

• Greenlee, Michael D. House, c. 1903 947 Louisiana Street Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1903

• Hancock Historic District Mississippi Street on west, property lines on north, Indiana Street or Oread Ave on east and property lines on south Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Community Planning) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1907-1925

3 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Haskell Institute (Nomination was altered to be multiple-property listing). Includes The Arch (1926); Haskell Stadium (1926); Auditorium (1933); Hiawatha Hall (1898); Tecumseh Hall (1915); Pushmataha Hall (1929); Band Stand (1908); Pocahontas Hall (1931); Kiva Hall (1898); Powhatan Hall (1932); Old Dairy (1907); and Indian Cemetery. Haskell Campus, 23rd Street and Barker Avenue Listed as a National Historic Landmark in 1961 Listed in the National Register in 1987 Criterion B (Education: Haskell Institute) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1884-1935

• House, Edward Residence, c. 1894 1646 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1894

• Lawrence’s Downtown Historic District Massachusetts Street from 6th Street to South Park Street Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Commerce and Community Planning) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1856-1953

• Ludington/Thacher Houses, Italianate, c.1870-1889 1613 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1971 Criterion C (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance 1860-1872 Environs delineation adopted in 1998

• Mackie, George K, House, c. 1917 1941 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 2009 Criterion A (Commerce) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1917

• McCurdy, Witter S., House, c.1870 909 West 6th Street Listed in the National Register in 2001 Criterion C (Architecture: Folk House National) Period of Significance: 1870

• Miller, Robert H., House, Folk House National, c.1858-1863 1111 East 19th Street Listed in the National Register in 1984 Criterion B (Exploration/Settlement: Robert M. Miller) and Criterion C (Architecture: Folk House National) Period of Significance: 1858-1863

4 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Morse, Dr. Frederick D., House, Late Victorian: Queen Anne, c.1889 1041 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1991 Criterion B (Health and Medicine: Frederick Morse) and Criterion C (Architecture: Queen Anne) Period of Significance: Criterion B: 1889-1931; Criterion C: 1888-1889

• North Rhode Island Historic District 700-1144, 901-1047, 1201-1215 Rhode Island Street Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1857-1935

• Old West Lawrence Tennessee Street: 600s, 700s, and 800s (odd only) Ohio Street: 600s, 700s, and 805 Louisiana Street: 600s, 700s, 800, and 801 Indiana Street: 600s, 700s, and 801 Listed in the National Register in 1972 Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1864-1945

• Oread Neighborhood Historic District Between W 9th and 12th Streets and alleys behind Louisiana and Kentucky Streets Listed in the National Register in 2007 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1863-1946

• Pinckney I Historic District W 5th Street, Tennessee Street, W 6th Street, includes 501-533 Louisiana and 444-445 W 5th Street Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1860-1927

• Pinckney II Historic District W 3rd Street, Louisiana Street, W 4th Street and Mississippi Street Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1867-1924

• Plymouth Congregational Church, c. 1870 925 Vermont Street Listed in the National Register in 2006 Criterion C (Architecture: John G Haskell, Architect) Period of Significance: 1870-1936

5 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Priestly, William, House, Folk House National, c.1864 1505 Kentucky Street Listed in the National Register in 1988 Criterion A (Social History: Development of Lawrence) and Criterion C (Architecture: Folk Victorian) Period of Significance: 1864-1874

• Riggs, Samuel, House, Italianate, c.1863-1864 and 1910-1914 1501 Pennsylvania Street Listed in the National Register in 1977 Criterion B (Politics/Government: Samuel Riggs and Western Settlement) and Criterion C (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance: 1864

• Roberts, John N., House, Richardson Romanesque, c.1893-1894 1307 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 1974 Criterion C (Architecture: Richardson Romanesque) Period of Significance: 1893-1894

• Saint Luke African Methodist Episcopal Church, c. 1910 900 New York Street Listed in the National Register in 2005 Criterion A (Ethnic Heritage: African American) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1910-1955

• South Rhode Island Historic District 1120-1340 E Rhode Island, 1301-1345 W Rhode Island, 1300-1346 E New Hampshire, 1301-1347 W New Hampshire Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: Criterion A, 1854-1945, Criterion C, 1873-1945

• Snow, Jane A., Residence, Shingle Style, c.1910 706 West 12th Street Listed in the National Register in 1996 Criterion B (Person: William Griffith) and Criterion C (Architecture: Shingle Style) Period of Significance: 1910

• Spooner Hall, Romanesque, c.1894 University of Kansas, 1335-1345 Louisiana Street Listed in the National Register in 1974 Criterion C (Architecture and the Work of a Master: Richardson Romanesque and Henry Van Brunt) Period of Significance: 1894

6 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Stephens, Judge Nelson T., House, Folk House National, c.1871 340 North Michigan Listed in the National Register in 1982 Criterion B (Politics/Government: Judge Nelson T. Stephens) and Criterion C (Architecture: Farmstead/Folk House National) Period of Significance: 1871

• Strong Hall, Beaux Arts, c.1911-1923 University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1998 Criterion A (Education; University of Kansas) and Criterion C (Architecture: Beaux Arts) Period of Significance: 1911-1944

• Taylor, Lucy Hobbs, House, Italianate, c.1870 809 Vermont Street Listed in the National Register in 1982 Criterion B (Social Science History: Lucy Hobbs Taylor) Period of Significance: 1850-1874

• United States Post Office, c. 1906 645 New Hampshire Street Listed in the National Register in 2002 Criterion C (Architecture: James Knox Taylor) Period of Significance: 1906

• Usher, John Palmer and Margaret, House, Italianate, c.1872-1873 1425 Tennessee Street Listed in the National Register in 1975 Criterion B (Commerce: Union Pacific Railroad; Political: John Palmer Usher) and Criterion C (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance: 1872-1900

• United Presbyterian Center/ Ecumenical Christian Ministries Building 1204 Oread Avenue Listed in the National Register in 2009 Criterion C (Architecture: Modern) Period of Significance: 1959

• Watkins Bank (Old City Hall), Richardson Romanesque, c.1888 1047 Massachusetts Street Listed in the National Register in 1971 Criterion B (Commerce: Jabez B. Watkins Bank) and Criterion C (Architecture: Richardson Romanesque) Period of Significance: 1887-1929

7 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Zimmerman, Albert and S. T., House, Second Empire, c.1870 304 Indiana Street Listed in the National Register in 1974 Criterion C (Architecture: Second Empire) Period of Significance: 1870

Douglas County

• Barnes Apple Barn, c.1857 714 E 1728 Rd, Baldwin City vicinity Listed in the National Register in 2006 Criterion B (Significant Person: William Barnes) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1857-1920

• Black Jack Battlefield US Highway 56 and County Road 200, 3 miles east of Baldwin City Listed in the National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Military) Period of Significance: 1856

• Case Library at Baker University Eighth and Grover, Baldwin City Listed in the National Register in 1986 Criterion A (Community Planning) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1904-1907

• Chicken Creek Bridge, c. 1913 Lone Star vicinity Listed in the National Register in 1990 Criterion C (Transportation and Engineering) Period of Significance: 1913

• Clinton School District 25, c. 1866 1180 North 604 East Road, Lawrence vicinity Listed in the National Register in 1998 Criterion A (Education) Period of Significance: 1866-1884

• Coal Creek Library, c.1900 698 E 1719 Road, Baldwin City vicinity Listed in the National Register in 2003 Criterion A (Entertainment and Recreation) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1900-1953

• Douglas County Trail Segments, Douglas County Prairie Park Three miles east of Baldwin on US-56, Douglas County

8 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Lane University Lecompton Listed in National Register in 1971 Criterion A (Education) Period of Significance: 1882-1902

• Lecompton Constitution Hall, c. 319 Elmore, Lecompton Listed in the National Register in 1971 Criterion A (Political) Period of Significance: 1857-1858 National Historic Landmark: 1971

• Old Castle Hall, c.1858 513 Fifth Street, Baldwin City Listed in the National Register in 1971 Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1858

• Parmenter Hall, Baker University Eighth and Dearborn, Baldwin City Listed in National Register in 1977 Criterion A (Education) Period of Significance: 1865-1871

• Pilla, Charles House, c.1894 615 Elm, Eudora Listed in National Register in 1974 Criterion A (Commerce: Charles Pilla) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1894

• Quayle, William A. House, c. 1913 210 N. 6th Street Listed in the National Register in 2001 Criterion B (Education: William Quayle) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1913-1925

• Santa Fe Depot, c.1907 1601 High, Baldwin City Listed in National Register in 1983 Criterion A (Transportation) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1907

9 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Stoebener Barn, c.1914 NW ¼ SW ¼ NE ¼, SW ¼ S6-T15S-R19E Listed in the National Register in 1989 Criterion C (Architecture: two-story vernacular barn) Period of Significance: 1914

• Stony Point Evangelical Lutheran Church, c.1882 1575 N 600 Road, Baldwin City Listed in the National Register in 2006 Criterion A (Social History) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1882-1907

• Vermilya-Boener House, c.1866-1868 NE ¼ SE ¼ SE ¼ SE ¼, S-12, T-12S, R-19E Listed in the National Register of Historic Places in 1991 Criterion B (Association with Persons: Elijah and Cynthia Vermilya, William Boener, and Ella Virginia Vermilya-Boener) and Criterion C (Architecture: Italian Villa, Italianate) Period of Significance: 1864-1915

• Vinland Association Fairgrounds Exhibit Building, c.1927 1736 N 700 Road, Vinland Listed in National Register in 2004 Criterion A (Entertainment and Recreation) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1927-1953

• Vinland Grange Hall, 1875 Junction of Oak and Main streets Listed in the National Register in 2000 Period of Significance: 1875-1899, 1900-1924, 1925-1949

• Vinland Presbyterian Church, c.1879 697 E 1725 Road, Vinland Listed in National Register in 2003 Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1879

REGISTER OF KANSAS HISTORIC PLACES

City of Lawrence

• Bailey Hall, c.1900 University of Kansas, Jayhawk Boulevard Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1995 Criterion B (Education [E. H. S. Bailey]) Period of Significance: 1899-1949

10 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Eldridge, Shalor, Residence, Folk House National, c.1857-1867 945 Rhode Island Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1979 Criterion B (Person: Shalor Eldridge) Period of Significance: 1857-1874

• Chi Omega Sorority House, Jacobethan, c.1925 1345 West Campus Road Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1983 Criterion C (Architecture: Jacobethan) Period of Significance: 1925

• Consolidated Barb Wire Building, c.1892 546 New Hampshire Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1988 Criterion A (Industry: Industrial Development of Lawrence) and Criterion C (Architecture: Industrial) Period of Significance: 1892-1899

• East Lawrence Industrial Historic District 8th Street on north, 9th Street on south, Pennsylvania Street on west and Delaware Street on west Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2006 Criterion A (Commerce, Industry and Community Planning) Period of Significance: 1883-1955

• Ferdinand Fuller House, c.1863 1005 Sunset Drive Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2011 Criterion B (Settlement: Ferdinand Fuller) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1854-1886

• Greenlees, John Robert House, c.1899 714 Mississippi Street Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2009 Criterion A (Commerce, Industry and Economics) Period of Significance: 1865-1947

• House Building, c. 1863 729-731 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2000 Criterion A (Community Development and Economics) Period of Significance: 1863-1921

11 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Oread Neighborhood Historic District Between W 9th and 12th Streets and alleys behind Louisiana and Kentucky Streets Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2006 Criterion A (Community Development) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1863-1946

• St. Luke African Methodist Episcopal Church, c.1910 900 New York Street Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2001 Criterion A (Contributions to African-American Culture in Lawrence) and Criterion B (Person: Langston Hughes)

• Union Pacific Depot, Romanesque, c.1889 402 North 2nd Street Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1989 Criterion B (Person: Henry Van Brunt) and Criterion C (Architecture: Romanesque)

• Wiggins, Dudley, Residence, Folk Victorian, c.1858 840 West 21st Street Listed in the Register of Kansas Historic Places in 1986 Criterion B (Person: Dudley Wiggins) Period of Significance: 1858-1880

Douglas County

• Palmyra Mason Lodge, c.1894 602-604 High Street, Baldwin City Listed in Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2011 Criterion A (Social History) Period of Significance: 1894

• Robert Hall Pearson Farm, c.1886 163 E 2000 Road, Baldwin City vicinity Listed in Register of Kansas Historic Places in 2005 Criterion A (Settlement and Social History) and Criterion C (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1886-1906

LAWRENCE REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES

Landmark Properties

• 820 New Jersey Listed in Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2006 Criterion #1 (Community Development), #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1868-1870

12 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Bailey, E. H. S., Residence, Dutch Colonial Revival, c.1908 1101 Ohio Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2000 Criterion #3 (Person: E. H. S. Bailey) Period of Significance: 1908-1933 Environs delineated March 2000

• Bell, George and Annie, House, Folk House National, c.1862-1863 1008 Ohio Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1991 Criterion #1 (Shows evolution of residential structures); Criterion #2 (Site: Quantrill’s Raid); Criterion #3 (Person: George Bell); Criterion #4 (Architecture: Greek Temple Form); and Criterion #6 (Architecture: Greek Temple Form) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Benedict House, Folk Victorian, c.1869 923 Tennessee Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #4 (Architecture: Queen Anne) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Dillard House, Queen Anne, c.1890 520 Louisiana Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Dillard Family/African-American Heritage) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Double Hyperbolic Paraboloid, c. 1956 934 W 21st Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2008 Criterion #4 (Architecture) and #6 (Engineering) Period of Significance: 1956

• Duncan House, Italianate, c.1869 933 Tennessee Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Charles S. Duncan) and Criterion #4 (Architecture: Italianate) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• East Lawrence Industrial Historic District 8th Street on north, 9th Street on south, Pennsylvania Street on west and Delaware Street on west Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #1 (Community Development), #3 (Significant Person), #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1883-1955

13 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Eldridge, Shalor, House, Folk House National, 1857-1867 945 Rhode Island Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Colonel Shalor Eldridge) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Fernand-Strong, c. 1872 1515 University Drive Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2010 Criterion #1 (Development) and #3 (Person: Frank Strong ) Period of Significance: 1872-1939

• Fire Station #2 1839 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2006 Criterion #1 (Development) and #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1928

• Fischer, Otto House, c. 1892 621 Connecticut Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2007 Criterion #3 (Person: Otto Fischer) and #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1892

• Greenlees, John Robert House, c.1899 714 Mississippi Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2010 Criterion #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: 1865-1947

• Griffith House, Stick Style, c.1888 511 Ohio Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #4 (Architecture: Stick Style) Period of Significance: 1888

• Grover Barn, c.1858 2819 Stone Barn Terrace Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2006 Criterion #1 (Development) ,#2 (Location), #3 (Person) Period of Significance: 1858

• Hanna Building, c. 933 Massachusetts Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2002 Criterion #4 (Architecture) and #6 (Design) Period of Significance: Not Listed

14 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element

• Hendry House, I-House, c.1858-1885 941 Rhode Island Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #2 (Site: Survived Quantrill’s Raid); Criterion #3 (Person: Judge Hendry); and Criterion #4 (Architecture: Georgian I-House) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Hobbs Park, c.1946 702 E 11th Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2006 Criterion #1 (Development), #2 (Location), #3 (Person: Hobbs) Period of Significance:

• House Building, Early Twentieth-century Commercial, c.1863-1921 729-731 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #2 (Site: Quantrill’s Raid) and Criterion #3 (Person: Robert House) Period of Significance: 1860-1940

• House, Edward Residence, c. 1894 1646 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2007 Criterion #4 (Architecture), #6 (Design) Period of Significance: 1894

• Ludington/Thacher Residence, Italianate, c.1870-1889 1615 Tennessee Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1998 Criterion #3 (Person: R. W. Ludington and Judge Solon O. Thacher); Criterion #4 (Architecture); and Criterion #8 (Unique location/visual feature) Period of Significance: 1870-1912 Environs delineated May 1997

• McAllaster, Octavius W., Residence, Vernacular (Gable-front form), c.1858, 1863 724 Rhode Island Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1997 Criterion #2 (Quantrill’s Raid); Criterion #3 (Person: Octavius W. McAllaster); and Criterion #4 (Architecture: Vernacular/Greek Temple) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• McCurdy House, I-house, c.1870 909 West 6th Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Witter S., Jesse and Emily McCurdy) and Criterion #4 (Architecture: I-House) Period of Significance: Not Listed

15 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • McFarland House, Folk House National, Queen Anne, c.1904-1905 940 Rhode Island Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Charles McFarland) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Miller’s Hall, Italianate, c.1864-1865 723-725 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places Criterion #1 (Social: Gathering place for many groups); Criterion #2 (Site of the first newspaper published in Kansas); and Criterion #6 (Architecture/ craftsmanship: Italianate) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Miller, Robert H., House, Folk House National, c.1858-1863 1111 East 19th Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #2 (Site: Survived Quantrill’s Raid); Criterion #3 (Person: Robert Miller); Criterion #4 (Architecture: Greek Temple form); and Criterion #5 (Master Builder: Not Identified) Period of Significance: Listed as 1854-1861

• Morse, Dr. Frederick, House, Queen Anne, c.1889 1041 Tennessee Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: Dr. Frederick D. Morse) and Criterion #4 (Architecture: Queen Anne) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Oread Historic District Even numbers of the 1000 block of Ohio Street and the Odd numbers of the 1000 block of Tennessee Street. Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #1 (Development of Lawrence: Typical Oread Block); #3 (Person: Many Prominent Citizens); and #4 (Architecture: Represents several styles – e.g. Queen Anne, Vernacular, Italianate) Period of Significance: 1861-1927

• Plymouth Congregational Church, c. 1870 925 Vermont Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2007 Criterion #1 (Development), #4 (Architecture), #5 (Master Builder), #6 (Design) Period of Significance: 1870-1936

16 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Roberts, John N., House, Richardson Romanesque, c.1893-1894 1307 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: John Roberts); Criterion #5 (Architect: John G. Haskell); and Criterion #6 (Architecture: Richardson Romanesque) Period of Significance: Not Listed

• Shane, J. B., Juno Bell Shane Thompson Studio, c.1885 615 Massachusetts Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: J. B. Shane and Juno-Bell Shane) Period of Significance: Not listed

• Snow, Jane A., Residence, Shingle Style, c.1910 706 West 12th Street Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #3 (Person: William A. Griffith) and Criterion #4 (Architecture: Shingle Style) Period of Significance: 1910

• Social Service League, Folk House National, c.1864-1888 905-907 Rhode Island Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2000 Criterion #3 (Group: Social Service League); Criterion #4 (Architecture: Stone Vernacular); Criterion #8 (Unique location/visual feature); and Criterion #9 (Utilitarian structure) Period of Significance: (1864-Present) Environs delineated March 2000

• South Park, c.1854-Present Bounded by Vermont Street on the west, New Hampshire Street and vacated New Hampshire Street on the east, North Park Street on the north, and South Park Street on the south. Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2000 Criterion #2 (Location of a significant local, county, or state event) and Criterion #8 (Unique location/visual feature) Period of Significance: 1854-Present Environs delineated March 2000

• Stephens, Judge Nelson, House, Folk House National, c.1871 340 North Michigan Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 1990 Criterion #1 (Representative of 1880s farmstead); Criterion #3 (Person: Judge Nelson T. Stephens); Criterion #4 (Architecture: 1870 Vernacular/ gravity flow water system); and Criterion #5 (Master builder not identified) Period of Significance: Not Listed

17 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element • Zinn-Burroughs House, c. 1926 1927 Learnard Avenue Listed in the Lawrence Register of Historic Places in 2005 Criterion #3 (Person: William Burroughs) and #4 (Architecture) Period of Significance: Not Listed

18 Horizon 2020 Preservation Plan Element