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Part a Tutorial Prof. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech, USA PES ISGT Asia

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Part a Tutorial Prof. Saifur Rahman Virginia Tech, USA PES ISGT Asia Part A Tutorial PES ISGT Asia Prof. Saifur Rahman 20 May 2014 Virginia Tech, USA Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 1 Part 1: Operational Issues for Wind Energy Technology • Wind turbine technology • Global deployment of wind energy technology • Interactions between wind electricity output and electrical power demand Part 2: Operational Issues for Solar Energy Technology • Solar energy technologies – solar thermal and photovoltaics • Global deployment of solar energy technology • Interactions between solar electricity output and electrical power demand 2 (c) Saifur Rahman Part 3: Demand Response Technologies • Demand response and demand side management (DSM) • Demand response technologies – supply side and demand side • Performance of demand response technologies Part 4: Demand Response Planning and Operations • Sample demand response programs in operation • Customer incentives and participation • Impact of demand response on the electrical load shape 3 (c) Saifur Rahman Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) 2007, 2010 and 2013 Key World Energy Statistics ** Others include solar, wind, geothermal, biofuels and waste, and heat 5/21/2014 4 ©Saifur Rahman WORLD 1971-2011* OECD 1971-2012* (Mtoe) (Mtoe) Biomass and Wast Hydro Nuclear Natural Gas Oil Coal/Peat * Includes aviation and international marine bunkers * Includes aviation and international marine bunkers, excludes electricity trade Source: International Energy Agency (IEA) Key World Energy Statistics 2013 5/21/2014 5 ©Saifur Rahman 2014 6 (c) Saifur Rahman Wind Solar Biomass Geothermal Hydro Tidal Power Unique features & variability 7 (c) Saifur Rahman Wind Energy Off-shore Wind turbines, Blyth, U.K. 8 (c) Saifur Rahman Global Installed Wind Capacity (MW) 1996-2013 (Cumulative) Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Future Wind Power Capacity (MW) 1997-2020 World Wind Energy Association, World Wind Energy Report 2012 (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity) December 2010 Rest of the World Denmark China Canada UK France Italy India USA Spain Germany Source: Global Wind Energy Council (2011) (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Top 10 Countries (Installed Wind Capacity) by December 2013 Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Annual Installed Wind Capacity by Region (MW) (2005-2013) Source: Global Wind Energy Council, Global Wind Statistics (2013) (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Wildorado Wind Ranch-Siemens LOCATION: Wildorado, TX 25 miles west of Amarillo in Oldham, Potter and Randall Counties SIZE: 161 MW COMMERCIAL OPERATIONS DATE: April 2007 UTILITY: Xcel Energy (Southwestern Public Service Company) TURBINE EQUIPMENT: Source: http://www.nikkiphotography.com/category/environmental-issues/ 70 Siemens 2.3 MW Mk II http://www.cielowind.com/projects/completed-developments/wildorado-wind-ranc (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Nysted Wind Farm-Siemens Nysted Wind Farm Located in the Baltic Sea, it is one of the world’s largest wind farms. Owner: DONG Energy, Denmark (80%) and E.ON Sweden (20%). Layout: The wind farm is made up of 8 rows of 9 turbines, of which the nearest are placed some ten kilometers offshore. Turbine: each can generate 2.3 MW. The combined effect is Source: http://www.dongenergy.com/Nysted/EN/Pages/index.aspx 165.6 MW. Commercially handed over: Dec. 1st, 2004 (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Wind Power Issues Opportunities: Generate electricity to replace fossil fuel and serve remote area loads. Challenges: In-country technology base Available manpower Power system operatioin issues due to high penetration of wind turbines Transmission line upgrades Source: IISD Report, Clean Energy Investment in Developing Countries, Wind power in Egypt, October 2009 (c) Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 2014 Wind Turbine Equipment Tower: Tubular steel Height: 263 feet (80 meters) Weight: 100-150 tons Blades: Length: 112 ft (34 m) Weight: 20 tons (for all three). Rotor Diameter: 231 ft (70.5 meters) (about 10% longer than the wingspan of a jumbo jet) Swept Area: 41,995 sq. feet per turbine Colorado Green 162 MW Wind Project Source: PPM Energy 17 (c) Saifur Rahman Wind Turbine Nacelle & Hub (c)Source: Saifur General Rahman Electric 18 Inside the GE 1.5MW Nacelle 19 (c)Source: Saifur General Rahman Electric Wind Power ‐ Classification Source: Z. Aljarboua, “The National Energy Strategy for S. Arabia”, 2009 20 (c) Saifur Rahman 20 Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in June, 06/08/2011) 160,000 2,500 150,000 2,300 140,000 2,100 130,000 1,900 (MW) 120,000 1,700 Output (MW) 110,000 1,500 Load Power 100,000 1,300 PJM Wind 90,000 1,100 PJM 80,000 900 70,000 PJM Load ‐ a Peak Day in June 2011 700 Wind Power Output 60,000 500 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (Hour) Data source: http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/ops-analysis.aspx 21 (c) Saifur Rahman Wind Output & Load Mismatch (PJM) (A peak day in July, 07/22/2011) 160,000 1,800 150,000 1,600 140,000 1,400 130,000 (MW) 1,200 120,000 1,000 Output (MW) 110,000 Load 800 Power 100,000 PJM Wind 600 90,000 PJM 400 80,000 PJM Load ‐ a Peak Day in July 2011 70,000 200 Wind Power Output 60,000 ‐ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 Time (Hour) Data source: http://www.pjm.com/markets-and-operations/ops-analysis.aspx 22 (c) Saifur Rahman ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (10/11/2011 ‐ 10/18/2011) Data source: http://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/generation/windintegration/ 23 (c) Saifur Rahman ERCOT (Texas) Load vs Actual Wind Output (08/17/2011 ‐ 08/24/2011) Data source: http://www.ercot.com/gridinfo/generation/windintegration/ 24 (c) Saifur Rahman Minute‐by‐minute Variations in a Wind Farm Wind output drops 43.7 MW in 1 minute Source: NREL 25 (c) Saifur Rahman 10‐MinuteVariations in a Wind Farm Wind output can drop 113 MW in 10 minutes, and increase 106 MW in 10 minutes Source: NREL 26 (c) Saifur Rahman Solar Energy Solar Photovoltaics (PV) Solar Thermal (CSP) 27 (c) Saifur Rahman Solar Photovoltaics Central Station Solar Photovoltaics © Saifur Rahman Roof-top Solar Photovoltaics © Saifur Rahman 5/21/2014 (c) Saifur Rahman 28 2012 Global Cumulative Installed PV Capacity (MW) Source: EPIA Global Market Outlook for PV 2013-2017 5/21/2014 (c) Saifur Rahman 29 Solar PV Applications Grid connected central station Roof-top applications Building Integrated PV (BIPV) Remote area applications 30 (c) Saifur Rahman 600 kW Grid‐connected Project in Thailand © Saifur Rahman 31 (c) Saifur Rahman 100 kW Grid‐connected Project in China © Saifur Rahman 32 (c) Saifur Rahman 10 MW Solar PV at Masdar, Abu Dhabi Source: www.ameinfo.com 33 (c) Saifur Rahman 2 MW Solar PV at KAUST, S. Arabia Source: KAUST 34 (c) Saifur Rahman LehrterTrain Station, Germany Number of module: 1,440 Total area: 3,311 m2 PV output: 325 kW Electricity generation: 274,000 kWh/yr Source: http://www.cler.org/predac/article.php3?id_article=511 35 (c) Saifur Rahman Building Integrated PV in Thailand Source: Solartron, Thailand 36 (c) Saifur Rahman Roof‐top Solar PV in Virginia, USA © Saifur Rahman 37 (c) Saifur Rahman Roof‐top Solar Photovoltaics in Bangladesh © Saifur Rahman 38 (c) Saifur Rahman Roof‐top Solar Photovoltaics in Japan Source: Energybiz Magazine 39 (c) Saifur Rahman 40 (c) Saifur Rahman Balance of System © Saifur Rahman 41 (c) Saifur Rahman Transformer/Switchgear © Saifur Rahman © Saifur Rahman 42 (c) Saifur Rahman Grid Interconnection © Saifur Rahman 43 (c) Saifur Rahman Concentrator PV Technology Concept: Provides the highest energy output and lowest cost of any solar technology available Source: SolFocus Inc. 44 (c) Saifur Rahman 7‐Day Solar PV Output (Watts) Location: Manhattan, Kansas 500 400 (Watts) 300 Output 200 PV Solar 100 0 Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Day 4 Day 5 Day 6 Day 7 45 (c) Saifur Rahman A 24‐hour Solar PV Output (kW) Location: Manhattan, Kansas Month: April 80% drop and increase in kW output in 5 minutes 46 (c) Saifur Rahman A 24‐hour Solar PV Output (kW) Location: Blacksburg, Virginia Month: September 95% increase in kW output in 10 minutes 47 (c) Saifur Rahman Solar Thermal Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Source: Solarclipse 48 (c) Saifur Rahman Central Receiver Solar Power Plants 15 MWe Molten Salt Solar Thermal Power Plant, Almeria, Spain, 2008 Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007 49 (c) Saifur Rahman Central Receiver Solar Power Plants 11 MW PS-10 and 20 MW PS-20 Solar Tower Plant, Seville, Spain Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar_power_in_Spain 50 (c) Saifur Rahman 5MW Sierra SunTower CSP Plant, CA, USA Source: http://www.esolar.com/l (c) Saifur Rahman 51 5 MW Sierra SunTower Project CA, USA Source: http://www.esolar.com/l (c) Saifur Rahman 52 Solar Thermal Project Mojave Desert, USA The Mojave Desert has nine solar power plants in operation with a capacity of 354 MW. Project: Mojave solar park (6000 acres) Location: California, U.S.A. Capacity: 553 MW (for 400,000 homes) No of mirrors: 1.2 million In service: 2012 Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20068703/ 53 (c) Saifur Rahman Details of Solar Heat Collection Source: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/20068703/ 54 (c) Saifur Rahman Point Focus Solar Collectors DISTAL I, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007 (c) Saifur Rahman 55 Point Focus Solar Collectors DISTAL II, Dish/Stirling Engine System, Almeria, Spain Source: Platforma De Almeria, Annual Report 2007 56 (c) Saifur Rahman CSP Project in Spain 57 (c) Saifur Rahman CSP Technology 58 (c) Saifur Rahman Biomass Technologies BAGASSE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL CELLULOSE SWITCH GRASS 5/21/2014 (c) Saifur Rahman 59 Biogas from Bagasse A bagasse-powered co-generation power plant at Porto Feliz in Brazil owned and operated by LANXESS, a chemical industrial plant producing iron-oxide pigments used for dying.
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