Environmental Report About Reusable Polypropylene Cups

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Environmental Report About Reusable Polypropylene Cups Environmental Report About Reusable Polypropylene Cups Executive summary In Sweden, between 500 and 1000 million paper cups are used every year. Paper cups present a single-use purpose and are thrown away after usage. Different reusable alternatives to single-use cups exist that differ in material and sizes. This report illustrates the environmental impact of reusable cups. It focuses on reusable cups made from polypropylene. The report shows a decreasing environmental impact of the coffee-to-go consumption with the use of reusable cups instead of disposable cups. This result is based on a multi-use assumption of reusable cups. The impact of washing reusable cups depends on the frequency of washing cycles, the water temperate and washing method. Regarding debris, reusable cups are preferred1. According to research, disposable cups litter on-street bins and litter facilitates further littering based on social norming2. In recent years, the consumption of single-use beverage cups for tea, coffee and other drinks increased. Waste volumes grew with a rising dependence on disposable packaging in relation to a growing ‘on the go’ and throwaway culture3. Seas at Risk (2017) estimates that 479.2 million coffee cups are consumed per year in Sweden, which equals 4.800 tonnes of disposable cups according to SMED (2019). These numbers are an underestimate as not all coffee-to-go retailers were included in the study4. 1 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 6 2 House of Commons, ​Disposable Packaging: Coffee Cups​, 2018, p. 6 3 Expert Panel on Environmental Charging and Other Measures, ​Recommendations on Single-use Disposable Beverage Cups, ​2019, p. 10 4 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 8 1. Purpose and scope The goal of this report is to illustrate the environmental impact of reusable compared to disposable coffee-to-go cups. It focuses on the question how many times a reusable cup has to be used in order for it to pay off environmentally, compared to consuming coffee in disposable cups. The studied product system refers to reusable polypropylene (PP) cups that are compared to paper cups based on existing research findings. Limits of the report include the lack of research regarding the specific polypropylene cup. Therefore, this report combines existing research and presents a starting point for a long-term life-cycle analysis. Washing and transport are also included in the underlying findings. 2. Key indicators of environmental impact Three stages are taken into consideration regarding the environmental impact: - Production - Use - Post Use Regarding the environmental impact, emission plays a large role. Climate change is a societal challenge. Global warming is caused by an increasing concentration of chemical substances that absorb infrared radiation which leads to rising temperatures. This results from greenhouse gas emissions and are caused by human activities5. Moreover, natural resource use needs to be taken into account following the depletion of natural resources in the current linear consumption model. Regarding pollution, littering of disposable cups harms animals and nature and costs money. Single-use paper cups contain a plastic inlining that is persistent and breaks down 5 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 19 slowly in nature until it becomes microplastic. Microplastic is problematic as it is difficult to collect and easy to absorb by animals6. 2.1. Production The production of raw materials and the production of cups are taken into account. Paper is the main component of single-use paper cups with an additional plastic coating. The used reusable cups are made from a plastic, namely polypropylene that is 100% recyclable. The reusable cup production is based in Germany at an energy efficient company that also installed an alternative system to improve their energy efficiency. 2.2. Use A key factor in the use phase of reusable cups is the washing. A safe estimate is the energy use of a common household dishwasher. Underlying data assumes a washing of the cups after every usage. Water, electricity and detergent have been included7. Considering the energy input to produce and to wash, a “breakeven” point can be calculated, where using a reusable cup becomes as efficient as using a disposable cup. Formula​: Breakeven number of uses = (Energy of Reusable cup)/(Energy of Disposable cup - Energy of wash)8 6 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 20 7 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 22 8 David Evans, ​Cups: Single Use (Disposable) vs. Reusable – An Honest Comparison​, 26.12.2019 2.3. Post use Disposable cups are discarded in mass and the most common types are difficult to recycle. The plastic lining in paper cups prevents a paper cup from becoming saturated, leak and to fall apart. This plastic lining must be separated from the paper in the recycling process which makes the recycling process difficult and costly. In fact, most recycling centres are not equipped to process them. For example, only 0.25% of disposable cups are recycled in the UK9. Regarding polypropylene cups, waste management is not included as the cups are 100% recyclable and will last for thousands of uses10. Therefore, the impact of recycling returned PP cups into non-food components should further be studied. 3. Results 3.1. Climate impact Producing one disposable cup has a lower environmental impact than producing one reusable cup. The manufacturing of a paper cup requires less energy input than reusable alternatives. Nevertheless, manufacturing paper cups requires the natural material of paper which comes from trees. According to the study conducted by IVL (2019), a bamboo cup must be used a minimum of 15 times and a thermal cup 45 times for it to pay off in terms of environmental impact. During a use over one year (52 weeks) with three coffees per week, paper cups with fossil-based PE coating have 6 times higher environmental impact than bamboo cups and 3 times higher than thermal cups. Based on research, it can be assumed that reusable PP 9 House of Commons, ​Disposable Packaging: Coffee Cups​, 2018, p. 3 10 David Evans, ​Cups: Single Use (Disposable) vs. Reusable – An Honest Comparison​, 26.12.2019 cups have a lower rate than bamboo cups as PP cups are made with less material, are more lightweight and have, therefore, a smaller impact during the production and washing phase11. According to another study, a break even point for reusable plastic cups can be as low as 7 uses12. 3.2. Use impact Following a report by Starbucks, using reusable cups offers economic benefits including cost savings and greater customer satisfaction. The cost break-even point for ceramic cups was 15 to 20 uses. It can be assumed that this number is smaller for polypropylene cups as ceramic cups are more expensive in the purchase. Based on their results, using 10 reusable ceramic cups per hour, the cafe faced daily cost savings of $17.85. Annually, this accounts for $6,426 cost savings, 30.870 litres of water savings, 513 kg of greenhouse gas reductions and 570 kg solid waste reductions. Moreover, the larger use of reusables did not measurably increase dishwasher use. Starbucks analysed an increasing customer satisfaction as customers preferred using reusable cups as they insulate coffee well, are attractive, and prevent waste. 82 percent of their customers surveyed would like to use reusable cups with 59 percent stating an environmental benefit. Furthermore, environmental programs such as reusable cup programs add value to the brand and business13. In regard to the return system developed by loop-it, the reusable cups can be used up to 1000 times, according to current data, and 100% recycled following a cradle-to-cradle approach. 11 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 25 12 David Evans, ​Cups: Single Use (Disposable) vs. Reusable – An Honest Comparison​, 26.12.2019 13 Report of the Starbucks Coffee Company / Alliance for Environmental Innovation Joint Task Force, 15.042000, p. 9-10 Figure 1: Product life-cycle of reusable polypropylene cups14 3.3. Waste impact Disposable cups contribute to waste. Even though most Swedish people sort their waste at home, to-go cups are usually thrown away on the go after drinking the beverage which makes the sorting difficult. 80 percent of marine debris derives from on-shore sources with waste coming from an insufficient cleaning of streets and public areas. Retailers are changing to more sustainable alternatives regarding their to-go packaging which can lead to a misleading assumption that biodegradable packaging is more sustainable as it degrades in nature. This is usually not the case as biodegradable plastics require specific conditions to degrade completely. An incomplete degradation can lead to microplastics. Degradable plastics do not align with the current recycling system as it cannot be mixed with fossil-based plastics15. Therefore, most single-use cups end in landfill (see figure 2). 14 Own illustration 15 IVL Svenska Miljöinstitutet, ​Vilken kaffemugg är bäst för miljön?​, 2019, p. 26-27 Figure 2: Illustration of the disposal of single-use cup16 4.Summary Reusable cups have a longer lifespan making their overall environmental impact lower than single-use cups. The disposal of single-use cups poses threats such as the cost of waste collection and the accumulation of these products in the oceans, when they are not taken to landfill or incinerated. The greatest part of the environmental impact of disposable cups arise from the use of raw materials, waste management, and transport. Important factors for reusable cups include their longevity and reusing property. If a reusable cup is not used several times, the environmental burden of the production is higher than of a disposable cup.
Recommended publications
  • A Bill Requiring Reusables for On-Site Dining in New Restaurants
    A BILL REQUIRING REUSABLES FOR ON-SITE DINING IN NEW RESTAURANTS 1. FINDINGS AND PURPOSE. THE CITY OF XXXX (OR STATE OF XXXX) FINDS AND DECLARES • In the midst of a climate crisis that is propelled by the consumption of single-use products made by extracting petroleum from the ground and cutting down trees, [XXX INSERT GOV ENTITY] recognizes the need to change the throw away culture by ensuring that, in the future, food service establishments are designed to serve customers with durable, reusable, foodware. • Reusables for on-site dining are more cost-beneficial to food vendors than disposable foodware. Since 2012, 240 food service businesses have participated in the Rethink Disposable program, which received the 2015 California Governor’s Environmental and Economic Leadership Award for waste reduction. The results are unequivocal.The transition to reusables for on-site dining yields cost savings, net after dishwashing, utilities, and labor costs are accounted for. Out of 80 businesses in the City of Alameda that participated in the program, only two needed to add dishwashing capacity and one reported added labor costs. In all, the Alameda businesses eliminated 6 million single-use foodware items per year and collectively saved 2.34 tons of waste and $139,231 per year. • The production and disposal of single-use disposable food and beverage packaging has significant environmental impacts, including the contamination of the environment, the depletion of natural resources, use of non-renewable polluting fossil fuels, greenhouse gas emissions, and the increased clean-up and end of life management costs. • Packaging comprises approximately one quarter of California’s disposed waste stream annually.1 • The quantity of solid waste generated per capita in the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • Bringing Reusable Packaging Systems to Life Lessons Learned from Testing Reusable Cups Table of Contents
    Bringing Reusable Packaging Systems to Life Lessons Learned from Testing Reusable Cups Table of Contents Introduction SECTION 1 SECTION 4 Setting the Scene Experimentation in Action — Lessons Learned — Reuse Model Insights Piloting Innovative Reusable Top Insights for Reuse How It Works Cup Systems Models SECTION 2 SECTION 5 The Journey of a Reusable What’s Next? — Building the Cup — A Multi-Stage Journey Future for Reuse Models Customer Awareness Sign-up Point-of-Sale SECTION 6 Drink Preparation Point-of-Handoff Appendix Point-of-Return Terms to Know Washing & Sanitizing Citations Pick-up & Delivery Acknowledgements B L E Inventory A T O F SECTION 3 Bringing Reusable Packaging C Systems to Life – Critical O Inputs & Considerations for N Scale S T T Engage Diverse Stakeholders E N Make Sustainable Material Choices Select the Perfect Spot Choose the Right Payment Model Optimize Health & Safety Protocols Measure Impact and Success Bringing Reusable Packaging Systems to Life 2 Dear Reader, If you visualize the current journey of most products and packaging in our economy, including the single-use cup, it looks like a straight line that starts with extracting finite raw materials and ends at the landfill. fter decades of relying on this food, are accelerating the growth of reuse The key to success for reuse models is seemingly convenient linear models. Over the last few years, we’ve seen continually testing, honing and refining them. Asystem, its long hidden costs in innovative companies explore and harness And assessing the environmental impact of terms of economic and environmental groundbreaking reusable packaging and reusable packaging is paramount during this consequences have become clear, bringing refill models, such as Algramo piloting phase of experimentation — we must ensure we us to a tipping point that necessitates a their “smart dispensing” reuse model with don’t introduce new unintended consequences better way forward — one that considers companies like Nestlé and Unilever, among when replacing one system with another.
    [Show full text]
  • Winter Holiday Entertaining
    Winter Holiday Entertaining 2020 Table of Contents COVID Statement 3 Small Group & Complete Dinner Packages 4-5 Beverages 6 Appetizers 7-9 More Than Delivery 10 Entrées 11–13 First Course, Side Dishes, Accompaniments 14–16 Homemade Desserts 17–18 Breakfast 19 Ordering Guidelines 20-21 A BEAUTIFUL ADDITION TO YOUR TABLE Our friends at Kehoe Designs would be so thankful to brighten up your celebration. ARRANGEMENT A - $65 ARRANGEMENT B - $90 ARRANGEMENT C - $130 Flowers will be delivered or picked up with your food order. These arrangements are perfect to accent your home, dining tables, and kitchen. Arrangements are produced by Kehoe Designs using the best in season flowers. Photos are for inspiration only. Winter Holiday Entertaining THANK YOU FOR BEING HERE… The Catering by Michaels Team understands that the holidays look different this year, but the importance of celebrating and being with loved ones (whether in person or virtually) has never been more important. The pandemic has been tough on everyone and especially the hospitality business. We are so thankful for your support, loyalty, and understanding. We look forward to helping you celebrate the holidays and many more celebrations in the future. Health and safety have always been of the utmost importance to us, but it is critical now more than ever that we prioritize health and the way we practice sanitation. Here are the things we are doing to keep you safe: *All employees are subject to a daily health screening before the start of each shift. This includes recording temperatures, checking for symptoms, and completing a series of questions related to COVID-19 and potential exposure.
    [Show full text]
  • Recycling Tips
    RECYCLING TIPS www.KeepingVenturaCountyClean.com Recyclable Materials Paper Material Cardboard Plastic • Books (paperback and hard cover okay) • Cereal & Food Boxes (Flatten for more recycling) • Bottles, Jars, Jugs, Tubs (look for recycling • Catalogs / Brochures / Phone Books • Clean Pizza Boxes (no wax coating and or food logo on bottom labeled #1 - #7, no need to rinse) • Junk Mail & Envelopes (windows okay) waste) • Grocery Bags • File Folders Glass • Nursery Pots • Milk & Juice Cartons • Bottles & Jars- Green, Brown, Clear (lids & • Plastic Toys • Magazines & Newspappers labels okay, no need to rinse) • Yogurt Containers • Paper - All colors (staples in paper okay) Aluminum & Tin Cans Other • Paper Grocery Bags • Aluminum Food Trays • Shredded Paper (put in plastic bag and tie • Beverage Cans • Athletic Shoes securely) • Vegetable & Soup Cans Non-Recyclable Materials • Animal Waste • Liquids • Restaurant Grease/Oil • Bubble Wrap Packaging • Laminated Paper • Sharps • Chip Bags & Candy Wrappers • Napkins • Solar Panels • Electronic Waste (computers, monitors, lap tops, • Paper Towels • Tires mobile devices) • Plastic 3-Ring Binders • Used Paper Plates & Cups • Fluorescent Light Bulbs • Plastic Cups, Lids & Straws • Used Plastic Utensils • Food Waste (including fruit) • Plastic Food Wrapping • Window Pane Glass/Mirrors • Hazardous Waste (paint, automotive oil, • Polystyrene foam including foam cups, • Yard Waste (grass clippings, branches, batteries, solvents) plates, and packing materials leaves) WARNING! Electronic, Sharps, or Hazard
    [Show full text]
  • Anti-Made for Waste Coffee Cup Initiative Created by Zach Griffin & Victoria Smith ------​
    Anti-Made for Waste Coffee Cup Initiative Created by Zach Griffin & Victoria Smith -------------------------------------------------- ​ ❖ What problem will be addressed in the face of this proposal? ➢ Popular usage of disposable coffee cup waste on the Western Washington University Campus is a problem that affects the student community environmentally, socially, psychologically, locally, and economically. If we can address the behavioral consumption habits of choosing to buy disposable cups and replace it with more reusable-cup friendly policies then Western can eventually become less wasteful, and more of an eco-friendly university. ❖ What are the core basics of this initiative and what will it be implementing in its policy? ➢ This proposal will restructure the menus of five on-campus locations that sell cafe beverages in disposable cups, excluding Starbucks near Artzen Hall for its own independent business sovereignty, by lowering all prices by $0.25. The menu change will reflect new prices for reusable cup users and if the consumers are not in possession of a reusable cup, will be able to purchase the disposable cups, lids, and straws for $0.25. This effectively separates the charge of the beverage and the disposable materials in a way that consumers are faced with a choice to “buy” waste or bring a reusable container. Rewarding those who do, and incentivizing those who don’t to do so. ➢ For example: A latte can be purchased for $3.00 and Cup/Lid/Straw $0.25, instead of a latte for $3.25 ❖ Why is this beneficial to the seller? ➢ Lower cost of production. Even though there is a perceived drop in price it will ​ not be a loss to seller.
    [Show full text]
  • Staff Report City of Solana Beach
    STAFF REPORT CITY OF SOLANA BEACH TO: Honorable Mayor and City Councilmembers FROM: Gregory Wade, City Manager MEETING DATE: September 25, 2019 ORIGINATING DEPT: City Manager's Office SUBJECT: Adopt (2nd Reading) Ordinance No. 504 - Amending Title 5 of the Solana Beach Municipal Code Regarding Regulation of Food Service Ware, Polystyrene and Plastic Bottles in Furtherance of Protecting the Environment and Reducing Single-Use Plastics and Waste BACKGROUND: On August 28, 2019, the City Council introduced Ordinance 504 amending Title 5 of the Solana Beach Municipal Code to regulate single-use food service ware, polystyrene foam products and plastic bottles. This ordinance continues the City's efforts to protect the environment and would expand the City's existing polystyrene ban to include additional restrictions on the use and distribution of single-use plastic food service ware items and to disallow polystyrene items on the City's beaches. This ordinance would also add an additional chapter to the Solana Beach Municipal Code ("SBMC") regulating the use and distribution of plastic bottles and packaged water at City facilities or at events on City property. This item is before City Council to consider adopting (2nd Reading) Ordinance 504 amending Title 5 of the Solana Beach Municipal Code regarding the regulation of food service ware, polystyrene foam and plastic bottles (Ordinance). DISCUSSION: In 2018, per Council's direction, the Climate Action Commission (CAC) held several public meetings to discuss how the City might implement measures within the City to minimize plastic pollution. The commissioners researched measures already implemented in other COUNCIL ACTION: AGENDA ITEM C.2.
    [Show full text]
  • Next-Generation Recyclable & Biodegradable Disposable Cup
    Next-Generation Recyclable & Biodegradable Disposable Cup Solutions “Open the future with a new generation of ground-breaking sustainable cup solutions to guide your sustainability strategy. Join the evolution” Advancing science to help nature deal with plastic pollution Polymateria Limited Imperial College I-HUB White City Campus, 80 Wood Lane London, W12 OBZ Biotransformation Technology OPENING YOUR BUSINES S T O NE W POSSIBILIT IES T O G UI D E SUSTAINABILITY STRATEGY We believe the demand for sustainable disposable cups the product can be explored and addressed much in the food service, catering diposables and event faster. Although what constitutes a sustainable industry’s markets is now a fact of life. It is another key disposable product continues to be an open debate, FOOD APPLICTION requirement for doing business alongside cost, quality industry consensus on the general attributes such a COMPLIANCE and performance, customer experience and product should have, in addition to low energy, water Disposable PP cups formulated convenience. We believe that bringing effective and emmissions footprint, includes: weight reduction, with Biotransformation technnology innovation and working in collaboration up and down the recyclability or biodegradability to reduce waste-to- meet the requirements of the FDA value chain is a crucial step towards helping these landfill and the impact of littering on the natural for the US market and the relevant EU legal framework for Food industries go through such a change by opening new environment. More, the product still needs to meet the Contact Materials (FMCs), ways and possibilities. Collaboration means common customers’ functional and economic requirements. This Regulation (EC) 1935/2004.
    [Show full text]
  • COVID-19 PANDEMIC for Reusable Food Service Ware
    COVID-19 PANDEMIC PRECAUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS For Reusable Food Service Ware TLDR? Here’s the bottom line. The CDC has confirmed no cases from surface contact and does not suggest that disposable items are safer than reusables. Using sanitized reusable foodware for orders instead of disposables can save a restaurant on average $3,000 – $7,000 annually, while also preventing harm to the environment. 2 Restaurant Reopening This guide specifically addresses what you need to know regarding the safety of reusable foodware. The CDC, FDA, OSHA, and state and local authorities have issued guidelines for safety during the COVID-19 pandemic for re-opening restaurants following the end of Shelter in Place orders. These guidelines detail best practices for the following: • Social distancing (staff and customers) • Systems to reduce contact and cross contamination • Hand washing • Disinfecting surfaces • Face coverings The CDC’s guide for how to incorporate these into your business practices should be followed, however, their considerations are meant to supplement — not replace — any state, local, territorial, or tribal health and safety regulations. Practices should be implemented based on what is practical and acceptable to each community. Your guests (even the illustrated ones) are excited to dine out again. Elevate their experience with safe, sanitary, and money-saving resusable service ware. 3 Safety of Reusables According to the CDC, COVID-19 is mainly spread through respiratory droplets from talking, coughing, or sneezing when people are in close proximity. While surface contact is low risk, health experts still suggest that you should avoid touching your face after touching any potentially contaminated surface and that washing and sanitizing surfaces and hands reduces this risk further.
    [Show full text]
  • Disposable Coffee Cup Waste Reduction Study
    Disposable Coffee Cup Waste Reduction Study Hanna Ziada December 15, 2009 Abstract One million paper coffee cups are sent to a landfill from Toronto each day (Entec, 2009). This amount of waste from a single-use disposable item is not sustainable. This study reviews the recyclability of the industry standard polyethylene lined paper coffee cup by studying various Solid Waste Management Systems in Ontario, including jurisdictions where coffee cups are accepted in blue bin and green bin organics collection systems. In both these cases coffee cups are treated as contaminants of the collection stream and are discarded during the recycling process. Biodegradable cups, styrofoam cups and reusable mugs are evaluated, using life cycle assessment methods, to determine alternatives to current industry standard disposable cup. The target population of the proposed waste reduction strategy is frequent coffee buyers, understood to mean those who buy their coffee in disposable cups as part of their routine. This target population was identified through the use of IPSOS Reid survey data collected in 2008 for 700 representative residents from Toronto. The recommended policy option and accompanying implementation considerations were developed in conjunction with a series of eleven interviews conducted in October of 2009 with independent coffee shop owners in Toronto. The policy consists of three behaviour change tools; a prompt, a sign and an available alternative. These tools are described as policy recommendations. Hanna Ziada Page 2 of 2 Introduction The City of Toronto estimates that more than one million single-use coffee cups are disposed of per day in the City. These single-use coffee cups are not recyclable and are being sent to landfill (Entec Consulting, 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Food Service Disposable
    DISTRIBUTION LIST Job Name USSIV00086389 2018 Facility Solutions Cat ◊ Pricing File Name USSIV00086389_P3_CARTON UNPRICED_F0550_C0551 P3 Proof Date January 5, 2018 3:05 PM PAGE CONTROL CARTON Page Info BLEED +0p9 TRIM 7.9375 × 10.375 550 0551 UNPRICED SUBCATEGORY_2 PAPER CUPS & LIDS CUPS & LIDS CUTLERY DINNERWARE NAPKINS & DISPENSERS PARTY SUPPLIES FOOD STORAGE & CONTAINERS FOOD WRAP PAPER & BAGS CLEANING & SANITIZING CUPS 18-FA-CU-RNU 18-FA-CU-RNU FOODSERVICE DISPOSABLES 550 CAN’T FIND WHAT YOU NEED? CALL & LET US HELP. ••• DISTRIBUTION LIST Job Name USSIV00086389 2018 Facility Solutions Cat ◊ Pricing File Name USSIV00086389_P3_CARTON UNPRICED_F0551_C0552 P3 Proof Date January 5, 2018 3:08 PM PAGE CONTROL CARTON Page Info BLEED +0p9 TRIM 7.9375 × 10.375 551 0552 UNPRICED SUBCATEGORY_2 BUYING GUIDE GLOVES FOR FOODSERVICE See pages 314-317, 608 for our selection of foodservice gloves. Use our Feature Key to find gloves that help you maintain safety and hygiene standards. 1 Thin 5 High Dexterity 2 Medium Thickness 6 Powdered for Easy On/Off 3 Thick 7 Embossed/Textured Grip 4 High Protection/Tear Strength 8 Fits Either Hand Latex Synthetic No. Features How to Order No. Features How to Order BWK 355SBX 2 5 6 8 See p. 316 BWK 315SBX 3 7 8 See p. 317 BWK 355MBX 2 5 6 8 See p. 316 BWK 315MBX 3 7 8 See p. 317 BWK 355LBX 2 5 6 8 See p. 316 BWK 315LBX 3 7 8 See p. 317 BWK 345MBX 2 5 8 See p. 316 BWK 315XLBX 3 7 8 See p. 317 BWK 345LBX 2 5 8 See p.
    [Show full text]
  • Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Disposable Vs Reusable Foodservice Products JANUARY 2017
    LITERATURE REVIEW & INVENTORY Greenhouse Gas Impacts of Disposable vs Reusable Foodservice Products JANUARY 2017 T STOP WASTE BEFORE IT STARTS Acknowledgements This study was written by Bill Sheehan, Ph.D. with supervision, review and input provided by Clean Water Fund staff, Miriam Gordon and Samantha Sommer. This project has been funded in part by the United States Environmental Protection Agency under assistance agreement X99T38501 to Clean Water Fund. The contents do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the Environmental Protection Agency, nor does mention of trade names or commercial products constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Clean Water Fund thanks the Roy A. Hunt Foundation for supporting this work. T STOP WASTE BEFORE IT STARTS ReThink Disposable, created and implemented by Clean Water Fund (CWF), works in partnership with municipal stormwater and zero waste programs to engage food businesses and institutions (academic and corporate campuses) and consumers to minimize disposable take-out food and beverage packaging at the source to reduce plastics and trash that pollute our waterways and the ocean. This award winning program takes a pollution prevention approach to the ever-increasing problems of solid waste and marine debris. Based on research CWF conducted with five San Francisco Bay Area local jurisdiction partners in 2011, ReThink Disposable learned that food and beverage packaging is the primary component of trash (67%) entering the San Francisco Bay and polluting local creeks. Since 2012, ReThink Disposable has worked with more than 100 food businesses and five corporate and university campuses to reduce over 150,000 pounds of waste and the use of over 15 million disposable packaging items from food service operations, each year.
    [Show full text]
  • The What, Why & How to of On-The-Go Cup Recycling
    THE WHAT, WHY & HOW TO OF ON-THE-GO CUP RECYCLING INTRODUCTION Confused about cup recycling? Can you even recycle takeaway cups? It is estimated that a staggering 2.5 billion disposable cups are used in the UK each year. Where do they all go? We’ve compiled this eBook to answer your questions, along with insights into the latest industry developments and the consumer initiatives available to help you take action right now. So, whether you’re a socially conscious coffee lover or a business that’s trying to introduce a cup recycling programme we hope you’ll find something recyclable to take away from us today. Who are we? We’re Glasdon. An established UK manufacturer with our design eye set firmly on helping improve the environment. CONTENTS Use the links below to skip forward. Part 1 : Answers to the BIG Questions • What are Disposable Cups Made from? • Can you Recycle Takeaway Cups? • Overcoming the Challenges Part 2 : Recycling Cups On-the-Go • Choose Your Vessel • Cup Recycling in Action • The Cup Recycling Takeaways (Infographic) Part 3 : Practical Guide to Recycling Cups in the Workplace • Cup Recycling Facts (Infographic) • Step by Step Guide Answers to the BIG questions ? What are disposable takeaway cups made from? There are three main types of disposable cup – paper, plastic and foam. The confusing part for us as n The Traditional n Types of Plastic Cup consumers is that we hear paper Foam Cup and plastic used interchangeably As? well as a takeaway solution, when referring to takeaway cups Made from petroleum, cold drinks tend to be served – we’ll explore why next.
    [Show full text]