ME DI JI U VIŠEJE ZIČNIM DRUŠTVI MA Slo Bo Da I Od Go Vornost

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ME DI JI U VIŠEJE ZIČNIM DRUŠTVI MA Slo Bo Da I Od Go Vornost ME DI JI U VIŠEJE ZIÈNIM DRUŠTVI MA Slo bo da i od go vornost OEBS-ov Predstav nik za slo bo du me di ja ME DI JI U VIŠEJE ZIÈNIM DRUŠTVI MA Slo bo da i od go vor nost Pri re di la Ana Karlsrajter Prevod: Freimut Duve Milo Dor Tanja Popoviæ Romain Kohn Natalia Angheli Nena Skopljanac Roger Mur Andrea Ochsner Beè, 2003. Izda vaè se za hva lju je Vla di Sa ve zne Repu bli ke Ne maèke na fi nan sij skoj podršci © 2003 Or ga ni za ci ja za evrop sku be zbe dnost i sa ra dnju (OS CE) Kan ce la ri ja Pred stav ni ka za slobo du me di ja Kärtner Ring 5-7, Top 14, 2. DG, A-1010 Vi en na Telefon: +43-1 512 21 450 Telefaks: +43-1 512 21 459 E-ma il: pm-fom@os ce.org Izvešta ji pred stav lja ju iskljuèivo gle dišta samih auto ra i ne od go va ra ju ne op ho dno zva niènim sta vo vi ma OS CE Pred stav ni ka za slo bo du me di ja Sadržaj Fraj mut Du ve Pred go vor.....................7 Mi lo Dor Po zdrav ni go vor.................15 Ta nja Po po viæ Bivša Ju go slo ven ska Repu bli ka Ma ke do ni ja....21 Pre po ru ke za Bivšu Ju go slo ven sku Repu bli ku Ma ke do niju....................45 Ro men Kon Luk sem burg ...................47 Pre po ru ke za Luk semburg ............66 Na ta li ja An ge li Mol da vi ja.....................69 Pre po ru ke za Mol da viju.............91 Ni na Sko plja nac Srbija (Serbija i Crna Go ra)...........93 Preporuke za Srbi ju (Srbiju i Crnu Goru) ....122 Rodžer Blum i Andrea Ošner Švaj car ska....................127 Pre po ru ke za Švaj car sku............156 Pro gram kon fe rencije.................157 Spi sak uè esnika ...................160 Autori ........................162 Fraj mut Duve Pred go vor Ova pu bli ka ci ja je re zul tat pro jek ta po kre nu tog u sep tem - bru 2002: Slo bo da i od go vor nost – Me di ji u više jeziènim dru štvi ma. U skladu s tim, poslednjih godina raste spo- znaja o kljuènoj važnosti i ulozi medija na razlièitim jezici- ma unu tar višeje zièkih de mo kra ti ja. Ovaj pro je kat se po prvi put bavi ovim važnim pitanjem na složen i obuhvatan naèin. Ime no va ni su ne za vi sni struènja ci da na pišu izvešta je o zem lja ma, a is traživa li su tre nu tnu ra dnu sre- dinu za medije u pet višejeziènih zemalja koje, i po svojoj prošlosti i po sadašnjosti, teško da bi mogle biti više ra- zlièite: Bivša Ju go slo ven ska Re pu bli ka Ma ke do ni ja, Luk- semburg, Mol davija, Srbija i Crna Go ra i Švajcarska. Svi izveštaji imaju istu strukturu: poèetna taèka je opis za- konskog okvira, što je praæeno de taljnim pregledom me - dij skih sred sta va ko ja fun kci onišu na ra zlièitim je zi ci ma. Po se bno po gla vlje uvek je po sveæeno najbo ljim po stu - pcima koji se primenjuju u tim zemljama. Ta slièna struk- tu ra èita ocu omo guæava da upo re di si tu aci ju u ra zlièitim zemljama. Projekat je pre mijeran, ne samo sa taèke gle dišta svog je din stve nog ge o gra fskog op se ga, veæ i zbog svog teo- ret skog pris tu pa. Pre dmet ni je istraživan iz uobi èa je ne per spe ktive veæine–ma nji ne, što so bom auto mat ski po vla - èi de mar kaciju i di fe ren ci ja ci ju. Naš pro je kat, nasuprot tome, ima na meru da po kaže da ono na šta bi se tre balo usred sre diti ni je ka ko nas je zi ci raz dva jaju, veæ ono što nas ujedinjuje, a to je da smo stanovnici zemlje u kojoj živimo. Kljuèna reè je ov de «dr žavljanstvo». Nara vno, sva - ko od nas ima razlièitu prošlost, ali kao graðani mi ima- mo za je dnièku odgo vor nost i za je dnièka prava. Fraj mut Duve 7 Švaj car ska i Luk sem burg pred stav lja ju ne po bi tan us- peh u sav la da va nju je zièke ra zno li kos ti. Na poèet ku dva- desetog veka «nacionalni mit» je u tom cilju bio manje ili više svesno razvijan u Švajcarskoj. U praksi, to je znaèilo da je pret po stavljena des ta bi li zu juæa èet vo ro jeziènost te zem lje preo kre nuta u pre dnost i, pre ci zni je, pre ve de na u vredno obeležje. Ono što je opa žano kao fa talni rascep ra - zvi je no je u suštinu švaj car ske na ci je. U Luk sem bur gu su, slièno, isto rijska tra di cija i, sva ka ko, eko nom ska ne- op ho dnost rezul ti ra li èu dno va tom si tua ci jom mi ro lju bi ve ko eg zis tenci je tri je zi ka. U Švaj car skoj i Luk sem burgu ni- ko ne vi di da je zièka ra zno li kost pred sta vlja pretnju bez- bednosti ili je dinstvu zem lje, veæ to pre sma tra za obo ga- æe nje svog iden ti te ta i kul tu re. Jedin stve no is kus tvo Švaj- car ske i Luksem bur ga sa diver zitetom njiho vih društava, ima va li di tet i vre dnost ko ji ne os por no pre vazi la ze nji ho- ve na ci onal ne granice. Za is ta, u skla du sa našom hi lja du go dišnjom isto- rijom se oba, i mešanja ra znih na roda, ni je dno društvo ni je is tin ski ho mo ge no. Pre ma ne kim izvo ri ma, pos to ji pri bli žno 5.000 na ci onal nih gru pa ko je žive u savre- menom svetu, i oko 3.000 jezièkih grupa. Zapravo su sve ev rop ske zem lje višeje ziène! Pre os ta je, on da, pi ta nje zašto se ra zlièiti jezici i etnièke grupe u izvesnim ge ografskim re gi oni ma još uvek sma tra ju izvo rom pro ble ma? Sta tis- tika ja sno po ka zuje da u za pa dnoj Evro pi upra vo isto ve- tan pro ce nat po pu lacije, na ime 14.7 pos to, pri pa da nacio- nal nim ili lin gvi sti èkim gru pa ma kao i u re gi oni ma cen- tral ne i is toène Ev ro pe.1 Tokom osamdesetih je u Vojvodi- ni, delu da našnje Srbije (Srbija i Crna Go ra), bi lo pri su- tno 26 na ci ja i na cio nal no sti, ko ji su mir no žive li za je dno i, pre ma Mar ti Pa liæ, novinarki Magyar Szó-a, èak je i reè 1. Snežana Tri fu nov ska, Mi no rity Rig hts in Euro pe. Euro pe an Mi no ri ti es and Lan gu ages (The Ha gue, 2001). 8 Pred go vor «ma nji na» bi la u to vreme sko ro uv re dlji va. Ni je dno društvo ni je istin ski ho mo ge no, a tran zi ci ja ka demo- kratiji ne može se postiæi bez pri znavanja te èinjenice. Sušti na de mo kra tije po dra zu me va pot pu no uklju èi va nje i in te gra ci ju svih na ro da u život na ci je, bez ob zi ra na je zi ke ko ji ma govore. Bivša Ju go slo venska Re pu bli ka Ma ke do nija, Mol da- vija i Srbija i Crna Go ra su zemlje na poèet ku pro cesa izgra dnje na ci je i ra zvo ja ci vil nog društva. Medi ji na svim je zi ci ma ko ji se go vo re u zem lji pred stav lja ju moæno društveno sredstvo koje se može –i mo ra– mo bilisati ra di pomoæi ovom procesu. Izvešta ji pet ze ma lja, ra zraðeni to kom ovog projek ta, jav- no su publikovani po prvi put na konferenciji koju je moja Kan ce la rija or ga ni zo va la u sa ra dnji sa In sti tu tom za prou- èa vanje ma sov nih ko mu nika ci ja iz Berna, 28. i 29. marta 2003. go dine u Švajcarskoj. Želimo da se zahvalimo švajcar skom Sa vez nom ode lje nju za spoljne poslo ve na da režlji voj fi nan sij skoj podršci kon fe ren ci ji. Važno je da je Milo Dor, i sam pisac sa višejeziènom prošlošæu, pris tao da se obrati ovom skupu. Kon ferencija je okupila na je- dnom mes tu no vi na re, me di je, nev la di ne or ga ni za ci je (NVO) i vladine pred stavnike iz pet ze malja, ne sa mo da bi izvestili o tre nutnoj ra dnoj sre dini za me dije, veæ i da bi ra zme ni li infor macije i po gle de sa svo jim ko le ga ma iz dru- gih zema lja.
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