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Application of Nanotechnogy on Hydrogen Production and Storage

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Application of Nanotechnogy on Hydrogen Production and Storage The 21st Century Frontier 과학기술부 21세기 프론티어연구개발사업 21st Century Frontier R&D Program APPLICATIONAPPLICATION OFOF NANOTECHNOGYNANOTECHNOGY ONON HYDROGENHYDROGEN PRODUCTIONPRODUCTION ANDAND STORAGESTORAGE ININ KOREAKOREA April 26~27, 2007 Jong Won Kim Director Hydrogen Energy R&D Center http://www.h2.re.kr 4th US-Korea NanoForum, Honolulu, USA, April 26-27, 2007 1 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 1 The 21st Century Frontier Outline I. Hydrogen Economy- Vision II. Technical barrier III. Current R&D activities related to nanotechnology IV. Conclusions 4th US-Korea NanoForum, Honolulu, USA, April 26-27, 2007 2 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 2 The 21st Century Frontier 1. Hydrogen economy-vision Hydrogen Economy Nuclear Hydrogen storage/transportation/distribution Ship Water Electrolysis Wind Infrastructure Bus Solar Photochemical/ Vehicle Thermochemical/ Biological H2 Production Biomass Distributed Power Residential Mobile Submarine 3 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 3 The 21st Century Frontier 2. Technical barriers Production/ Amounts Utilization Utilization *Oil refinery (desulfurising, reforming) ~ 1% TPES *Chem.Ind.: Ammonia, fertilizer, methanol (Total Primary *Metal Industry *Food( Fat, oil) *welding *Electronics Energy supply) *cryogenic *Electric generator-cooling Raw materials User ~95% fossil fuel (NG etc) About 50million tons ~ 45% petroleum ~40% Chem. Ind. ~ 5% electrolysis ~15% others <35% sales >65% self-consumption DomesticDomestic 0.970.97 millionmillion tonton TradeTrade 4848 thousandthousand ton*ton* * Source: Bongjin Kim et al: “The status of domestic hydrogen production, consumption and distribution”, Trans. Of the Korea Hydrogen and New Energy Society, 16(4)391-399(2005) 4 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 4 The 21st Century Frontier 3-1 current R&D activities Summary of Hydrogen & Fuel Cell R&D program Table 1. Hydrogen & Fuel Cell R&D program in Korea Program Sponsor Period 21st Frontier Program (Hydrogen Energy R&D Center) MOST 2003-2013 (www.h2.re.kr) National RD&D Organization for hydrogen and fuel cell MOCIE 2003- (www.h2fc.or.kr) Nuclear Hydrogen Development and Demonstration MOST 2004-2021 Project (NHDD) (www.hydrogen.re.kr) Korea IGCC RDD&D Organization (www.igcc.or.kr) MOCIE 2006-2014 MOCIE: Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy MOST : Ministry of Science and Technology 5 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 5 The 21st Century Frontier 3-1 current R&D activities HERC (Hydrogen Energy R&D Center) Role - Developing the National Hydrogen Energy R&D Program * 21st Century Frontier Program R&D Period 01 Oct. 2003 ~ 31 March 2013 (109.5 years for 3 phases) R&D Fund Total 90 million US dollars (Government : 80 million dollars, Industry : 10 million dollars) Sponsoring Ministry Ministry of Science & Technology, Republic of Korea Source: www.h2.re.kr 6 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 6 The 21st Century Frontier 3-1 current R&D activities National RD&D Organization for Hydrogen and Fuel cell Exclusive Ministry of Commerce, International Evaluation Industry and Energy Collaboration Committee (New & Renewable Energy Center) (IEA, IPHE) Steering National RD&D Organization Committee for Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Subcommittee Industrial/ Monitoring Hydrogen Commercial/ Transportation Portable (Validation Infra Residential Fuel Cell Fuel Cell Demonstration) Fuel Cell Established in 2003 to expedite the commercialization of hydrogen and fuel cell technology. Propose the vision for hydrogen economy in Korea. Develop a national plan, road maps and action plans to create a new industry. Coordinate and manage RD&D programs supported by government. 7 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 7 The 21st Century Frontier 3-1 current R&D activities Nuclear Hydrogen Development and Demonstration Project • To build 200MWth class VHTR and to produce 20 thousand tons of hydrogen . ¾ Period : 2004 – 2021 (18years) ¾ Budget : ~ US$ 1.0 Billion (under discussion) PCU Compre- Cooler ssor H H2 2 Recup- TBN erator I-S Process HTES AC/DC Converter O2 H2SO4 Decomposition H SO 1000oC 970oC 2 4 Electrolyser SO2+H2O + ½O2 H 2 H2+ H2O+ H2SO4 Evaporator O2 HI Decomposition O HX O2 VHTR IHX 2HI H2 + I2 + Condenser H2+ 2HI H2SO4 H2O+ O2 H2+ Separator H2O I2 + SO2+H2O + H2O Bunsen Reaction H2O H O H2O Source: www.hydrogen.re.kr 8 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 8 The 21st Century Frontier III. -3 IGCC Project 3-1 current R&D activities □ Korea IGCC RDD&D organization MOCIE (New and Renewable nd Energy Center) - Launched on 22 December, 2006 - In the year 2014, 300MW IGCC plant will be constructed and operated Korea IGCC RDD&D - 599.2 billion won (Government 165.2) . Organization *MOCIE; Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy 1st subdivision 2nd subdivision 3rd subdivision 4th subdivision (Heavy industry, (Power company, (Power company, (Research Institute Research Institute) construction Research Institute) and University) Design of company) Operation of Localization of unit Gasification plant and Design, manufacture demonstration plant process process and construction of demonstration plant 9 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 9 The 21st Century Frontier 3-1 current R&D activities R&D Activities in the Phase II (HERC)(2006-2009) Hydrogen Production Action type NG steam reforming for hydrogen station (AR/DE) (Mid) Biological hydrogen production (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Thermo-chemical hydrogen production (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Photocatalytic and photochemical hydrogen production (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Water electrolysis using PEM and THE (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Hydrogen Storage Hydrogen storage using metal hydrides (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Hydrogen storage using nano-structured materials (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Hydrogen storage using chemical hydrides (BR/AR/DE) (Long) Hydrogen Utilization Linear power/generation system of hydrogen combustion (AR/DE) (Long) Hydrogen sensor (AR/DE) (Long) Supporting Project Measurement techniques for hydrogen storage materials Policy and technology assessment BR: basic research, AR: applied research, DE: demonstration 10 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 10 The 21st Century Frontier II. Current R&D Activities 3-2. current R&D activities related to nanotechnology Biological Hydrogen Production R & D Objectives -Scale-up and optimization of fermentative H2 production process and development of bio-mimetic H2 production system ▶ Fermentative bioreactor scale : > 500 L 3 3 ▶ Fermentative H2 productivity : 15 Nm H2/day/m ▶ H productivity by bio-mimetic system : 40 L H /kg 2 2 Recent publications: protein/hr Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,31(2006)812-816 Int.J.Hydrogen Energy,31(2006)121-127 Korea Patent 2005-0032480 Project Manager: Dr. Kim, Mi-Sun, Bioreactors for photosynthetic and fermentative H2 production [email protected] 11 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 11 The 21st Century Frontier 3-2. current R&D activities related to nanotechnology Nanotechnology and Biological hydrogen production Flow direction • Introducing nano-size membrane to bioreactor for enhancing hydrogen production • Adjusting the pore size(40,100nm) for long term operation L G B MembraneMembrane F H bioreactorbioreactor (working(working K F M vol.vol. 2.42.4 L)L) usingusing J E PVDFPVDF hollow-fiberhollow-fiber B I B B N C A 12 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu, USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 12 , 2004.7.9D The 21st Century Frontier 3-2. current R&D activities related to nanotechnology HydrogenHydrogen productionproduction usingusing membranemembrane bioreactorbioreactor atat 6060ooCC CSTR MBR 16 2.5 3.0 (A) Production (A) 100 nm pore-size 2.0 2.5 12 Yield 40 nm pore-size 2.0 1.5 /L/day) 8 1.5 2 1.0 Cell (g/L) Cell 1.0 (L H (L 4 production rate 2 0.5 0.5 H yield (mol/mol glucose) 0 0.0 2 0.0 H 100 3 0.5 (B) 100 nm pore-size 80 Glucose 0.4 40 nm pore-size 2 ) Biomass 2 60 0.3 (B) 40 1 0.2 (kgf/cm 20 (g/L) Biomass 0.1 Glucose removal (%) 0 0 0.0 10.3 6.7 Pressure across membrane 4.0 4.0 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 HRT (h) Time (day) 13 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 13 The 21st Century Frontier 3-2. current R&D activities related to nanotechnology SchematicSchematic diagramdiagram ofof bio-mimeticbio-mimetic HH22 productionproduction systemsystem e- R&D Contents: ElectronElectron donor/carrierdonor/carrier (photosystem,(photosystem, microorganism)microorganism) H2O sun e- e- Biopolymer immobilization 2 H+ O2 System integration organics hydrogenase e- H2 o separation/purification CO2 o microorganism modification Genome sequencing photo-sensitizer (chlorophyil) Proteomes microorganism hydrogenase 14 th 4수소에너지사업단US-Korea NanoForum, 업무보고 Honolulu,, 2004.7.9 USA, April 26-27, 2007 Hydrogen Energy R&D Center 14 The 21st Century Frontier 3-2. current R&D activities related to nanotechnology Photocatalytic
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