Die Rolle Der Geisteswissenschaften Im Dritten Reich 1933-1945
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Der Erste Gauleiter Der NSDAP in Pommern Karl Theodor Vahlen
KYRA T. INACHIN „MÄRTYRER MIT EINEM KLEINEN HÄUFLEIN GETREUER"1 Der erste Gauleiter der NSDAP in Pommern Karl Theodor Vahlen Glaubt man der Gaugeschichtsschreibung, nahm die NSDAP Pommerns „infolge ei ner wenig glücklichen politischen Führung keine nennenswerte Entwicklung"2. Der Gaupressesprecher, der 1940 seinem Buch „Der Gau Pommern" ein Kapitel „Der Weg der Bewegung" beifügen mußte, zog es vor, sich über den Aufenthalt des Ge freiten Hitler im Lazarett in Pasewalk zu verbreiten. Die Frühgeschichte der pom- merschen NSDAP war indes kein Thema3. So ist auch der erste Gauleiter der pom- merschen NSDAP, der Mathematikprofessor Karl Theodor Vahlen, der bis 1927 die Partei in dieser östlichen preußischen Provinz aufgebaut hatte, in Vergessenheit gera ten. Die Forschung, die sich, auch mangels Quellen, kaum mit der Geschichte des Aufstiegs der Nationalsozialisten in Pommern beschäftigt hat, fragte nicht, warum die „Kampfzeit" im Gau Pommern so wenig Aufmerksamkeit erfuhr4. Daran knüpft sich zwangsläufig die Frage an, ob dem pommerschen Gauleiter nur deshalb so we nig Beachtung geschenkt wurde, weil seine politische Arbeit so wenig Bemerkens wertes enthält, oder ob nicht doch ganz andere Gründe für dessen Nichtbeachtung vorliegen. 1 Hermann Fobke, Aus der nationalsozialistischen Bewegung. Bericht über die Gründung der Ar beitsgemeinschaft der nord- und westdeutschen Gaue der NSDAP, in: Werner Jochmann, Natio nalsozialismus und Revolution. Ursprung und Geschichte der NSDAP in Hamburg 1922-1933, Frankfun a. M. 1963, S. 208. 2 Herbert Gaede, Schwede-Coburg. Ein Lebensbild des Gauleiters und Oberpräsidenten von Pom mern, Berlin 1939, S. 22. 3 Vgl. Herbert Gaede, Pommern (= Die deutschen Gaue seit der Machtergreifung, hrsg. v. P. Meier- Benneckenstein), Berlin 1940, S. -
Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein
Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein To cite this version: David Aubin, Catherine Goldstein. Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics. 2013. hal- 00830121v1 HAL Id: hal-00830121 https://hal.sorbonne-universite.fr/hal-00830121v1 Preprint submitted on 4 Jun 2013 (v1), last revised 8 Jul 2014 (v2) HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Placing World War I in the History of Mathematics David Aubin and Catherine Goldstein Abstract. In the historical literature, opposite conclusions were drawn about the impact of the First World War on mathematics. In this chapter, the case is made that the war was an important event for the history of mathematics. We show that although mathematicians' experience of the war was extremely varied, its impact was decisive on the life of a great number of them. We present an overview of some uses of mathematics in war and of the development of mathematics during the war. We conclude by arguing that the war also was a crucial factor in the institutional modernization of mathematics. Les vrais adversaires, dans la guerre d'aujourd'hui, ce sont les professeurs de math´ematiques`aleur table, les physiciens et les chimistes dans leur laboratoire. -
Douglas Peifer on Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolution
Victor Klemperer. Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolution. Cambridge: Polity Press, 2017. 220 pp. $25.00, cloth, ISBN 978-1-5095-1058-0. Reviewed by Douglas Peifer Published on H-War (December, 2017) Commissioned by Margaret Sankey (Air University) Victor Klemperer’s diary created quite a stir came an increasingly desperate struggle. Translat‐ when frst published in Germany in 1995. Klem‐ ed into English in 1998/99, his frst-person reflec‐ perer’s diary entries for the period 1933-45 have tions of life in the Third Reich have been used ex‐ been used extensively by scholars of the Third Re‐ tensively by scholars such as Richad J. Evans, Saul ich and the Holocaust to illustrate how Nazi ideol‐ Friedländer, and Omer Bartov.[1] ogy and racial policies affected even thoroughly Klemperer’s Munich 1919: Diary of a Revolu‐ assimilated, converted Jews. Klemperer, the son tion provides a remarkable eyewitness account of of a rabbi, was born in Wilhelmine Germany. His an earlier crisis in German history, one connected education, professional development, and life to the Third Reich by the myths and memories choices were thoroughly bourgeois, with Klem‐ that ideologues on the far right exploited through‐ perer’s conversion to Protestantism signaling his out the Weimar era. Two days before the abdica‐ self-identification with German culture and his tion of Kaiser Wilhelm II and the declaration of a desire to assimilate. Klemperer attended Gymna‐ German Republic in Berlin on November 9, 1918, sium in Berlin and Landsberg on the Warthe, worker and soldier councils in Munich toppled studied German and Romance philology in Mu‐ the 738-year Wittelsbach dynasty in Bavaria. -
Document and Analyse: the Legacy of Klemperer, Fraenkel and Neumann for Contemporary Human Rights Engagement Luz Oette, School O
This is the version of the article accepted for publication in Human Rights Quarterly published by John Hopkins University Press: https://www.press.jhu.edu/journals/human_rights_quarterly/index.html Accepted version downloaded from SOAS Research Online: http://eprints.soas.ac.uk/23313/ Document and analyse: The legacy of Klemperer, Fraenkel and Neumann for contemporary human rights engagement Luz Oette, School of Law, SOAS University of London Human rights discourse has been criticised for being legalistic, decontextualised and failing to focus on factors explaining violations. Victor Klemperer‟s diaries chronicled the life and suffering of a German Jew in Nazi Germany and the manipulation of language by a totalitarian regime. Ernst Fraenkel‟s Dual State and Franz Neumann‟s Behemoth set out theories offering profound insights into the legal and political nature of the Nazi system. Revisiting their work from a human rights perspective is richly rewarding, providing examples of engaged scholarship that combined documentation and critical analysis. Their writings hold important lessons for contemporary human rights engagement and its critics. I. Introduction The human rights movement and language of human rights has been the subject of sustained criticism. Besides its supposed Western liberal bias, critics have focused particularly on human rights as a mode of political engagement. Human rights discourse is seen as legalistic and decontextualised. Richard Wilson argued in 1997 that human rights reports “can depoliticise human rights violations -
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany
Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Mathematicians Fleeing from Nazi Germany Individual Fates and Global Impact Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze princeton university press princeton and oxford Copyright 2009 © by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, 41 William Street, Princeton, New Jersey 08540 In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, 6 Oxford Street, Woodstock, Oxfordshire OX20 1TW All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Siegmund-Schultze, R. (Reinhard) Mathematicians fleeing from Nazi Germany: individual fates and global impact / Reinhard Siegmund-Schultze. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-691-12593-0 (cloth) — ISBN 978-0-691-14041-4 (pbk.) 1. Mathematicians—Germany—History—20th century. 2. Mathematicians— United States—History—20th century. 3. Mathematicians—Germany—Biography. 4. Mathematicians—United States—Biography. 5. World War, 1939–1945— Refuges—Germany. 6. Germany—Emigration and immigration—History—1933–1945. 7. Germans—United States—History—20th century. 8. Immigrants—United States—History—20th century. 9. Mathematics—Germany—History—20th century. 10. Mathematics—United States—History—20th century. I. Title. QA27.G4S53 2008 510.09'04—dc22 2008048855 British Library Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available This book has been composed in Sabon Printed on acid-free paper. ∞ press.princeton.edu Printed in the United States of America 10 987654321 Contents List of Figures and Tables xiii Preface xvii Chapter 1 The Terms “German-Speaking Mathematician,” “Forced,” and“Voluntary Emigration” 1 Chapter 2 The Notion of “Mathematician” Plus Quantitative Figures on Persecution 13 Chapter 3 Early Emigration 30 3.1. The Push-Factor 32 3.2. The Pull-Factor 36 3.D. -
Jahresbericht 2005/2006
Jahresbericht 2005/2006 DIE STIFTUNGSGREMIEN Kuratorium Dr. Manfred Schneider, Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Ekkehard D. Schulz, Stellvertretender Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Horst Siebert, Stellvertretender Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Utz-Hellmuth Felcht Dr. Arend Oetker Jahresbericht 2005/2006 Christopher Freiherr von Oppenheim Dipl.Vw. Erwin Staudt Wissenschaftlicher Beirat Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Wolf Lepenies, Vorsitzender Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Konrad Beyreuther Prof. Dr. Dres. h.c. Hubert E. Blum Prof. Dr. Gottfried Boehm Prof. Dr. Georg Braungart Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Wolfgang Franz Prof. Dr. Peter Gruss Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Otfried Höffe Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. mult. Klaus J. Hopt Prof. Dr. Andreas Kablitz Prof. Dr. Peter Graf Kielmansegg Prof. Dr. Dieter Langewiesche Prof. Dr. Christoph Markschies Prof. Dr. Stefan M. Maul Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Hans-Jürgen Papier Prof. Dr. Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker Prof. Dr. Paul Zanker Vorstand Jürgen Chr. Regge Am Römerturm 3 · 50667 Köln Telefon 0221 - 27 74 96-0 · Fax 0221 - 27 74 96-29 E-Mail: [email protected] www.fritz-thyssen-stiftung.de Jahresbericht 2005/2006 Fritz Thyssen Stiftung, Dezember 2006 Am Römerturm 3, 50667 Köln Telefon (0221) 27 74 96-0, Telefax (0221) 27 74 96-29 Homepage: http://www.fritz-thyssen-stiftung.de E-mail: [email protected] ISSN: 0930-4592 Gestaltung, Text und Herstellung: Georg Olms Verlag AG, Hildesheim Inhalt 5 Vorwort 7 Aufgabe und Tätigkeit 8 Stiftungsorgane 11 Projekte im Fokus 27 Geschichte, Sprache und Kultur 29 Philosophie 47 Theologie -
Joseph Goebbels 1 Joseph Goebbels
Joseph Goebbels 1 Joseph Goebbels Joseph Goebbels Reich propaganda minister Goebbels Chancellor of Germany In office 30 April 1945 – 1 May 1945 President Karl Dönitz Preceded by Adolf Hitler Succeeded by Lutz Graf Schwerin von Krosigk (acting) Minister of Public Enlightenment and Propaganda In office 13 March 1933 – 30 April 1945 Chancellor Adolf Hitler Preceded by Office created Succeeded by Werner Naumann Gauleiter of Berlin In office 9 November 1926 – 1 May 1945 Appointed by Adolf Hitler Preceded by Ernst Schlange Succeeded by None Reichsleiter In office 1933–1945 Appointed by Adolf Hitler Preceded by Office created Succeeded by None Personal details Born Paul Joseph Goebbels 29 October 1897 Rheydt, Prussia, Germany Joseph Goebbels 2 Died 1 May 1945 (aged 47) Berlin, Germany Political party National Socialist German Workers' Party (NSDAP) Spouse(s) Magda Ritschel Children 6 Alma mater University of Bonn University of Würzburg University of Freiburg University of Heidelberg Occupation Politician Cabinet Hitler Cabinet Signature [1] Paul Joseph Goebbels (German: [ˈɡœbəls] ( ); 29 October 1897 – 1 May 1945) was a German politician and Reich Minister of Propaganda in Nazi Germany from 1933 to 1945. As one of Adolf Hitler's closest associates and most devout followers, he was known for his zealous orations and deep and virulent antisemitism, which led him to support the extermination of the Jews and to be one of the mentors of the Final Solution. Goebbels earned a PhD from Heidelberg University in 1921, writing his doctoral thesis on 19th century literature of the romantic school; he then went on to work as a journalist and later a bank clerk and caller on the stock exchange. -
JAN MITTENZWEI Greifswald HÖHEPUNKT DER KAMPFZEIT – DIE POMMERSCHE NSDAP ZWISCHEN AUFLÖSUNG UND MACHTERGREIFUNG 1931–193
Studia Maritima, vol. XXVII/2 (2014) ISSN 0137-3587 JAN MITTENZWEI Greifswald HÖHEPUNKT DER KAMPFZEIT – DIE POMMERSCHE NSDAP ZWISCHEN AUFLÖSUNG UND MACHTERGREIFUNG 1931–1934 In diesem Beitrag soll geklärt werden, in welchem Umfang die NSDAP, trotz aller Legalitätsbeschwörungen, tatsächlich bereit war, gewaltsame Mittel einzusetzen, um die Macht zu erobern und welchen Einfluss staatliche Überwa- chungsmaßnahmen auf die Ausrichtung und das Innenleben der Partei hatten. Nicht zuletzt soll damit thematisiert werden, welche personellen und organisato- rischen Folgen sich für die NSDAP auf dem Höhepunkt der Kampfzeit ergaben. Diese Fragen sollen nun am Beispiel der Nationalsozialisten in der preußischen Provinz Pommern angerissen werden. Der Aufstieg der Nationalsozialisten in Pommern Die NSDAP in Pommern war bis 1929 eine unbedeutende politische Kraft. Trotz der frühen Gründung der ersten Ortsgruppe in Stettin 19221 und der Grün- dung des NSDAP-Gaus Pommerns 19232 in Greifswald, hatte sich die Partei in der Konkurrenz mit anderen völkischen Gruppen und internen Streitigkeiten 1 Vgl. Undatierter Bericht Eduard Heinzes zum Aufbau und Ausbau der Ortsgruppe Gross- Stettin der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei, Bundesarchiv Berlin-Lichterfelde (künftig: BArch), NS 26/894. Sowie: G.-F. Willing: Krisenjahr der Hitlerbewegung: 1923, Preu- ßisch Oldendorf 1975, S. 207. 2 K.T. Inachin: Der Aufstieg der Nationalsozialisten in Pommern, Schwerin 2002, S. 13. 218 Jan Mittenzwei aufgerieben.3 Dies änderte sich mit dem Richtungswechsel der Gesamtpartei nach der verlorenen Reichstagswahl 1928. Durch ein gemeinsames Bündnis mit DNVP und dem Stahlhelm gegen den Young-Plan gelang es der pommerschen NSDAP Zugriff auf die deutschnationalen Netzwerke und Zeitungen zu erhalten.4 Waren die Nationalsozialisten zunächst weitgehend aus der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung verschwunden, ermöglichte die gemeinsame Aktion mit den Deutschnationa- len ihnen nicht nur eine positive Berichterstattung und somit einen höheren Be- kanntheitswert. -
The Renaissance of Natural Law and the Beginnings of Penal Reform in West Germany
Chapter 11 CRIMINAL LAW AFTER NATIONAL SOCIALISM The Renaissance of Natural Law and the Beginnings of Penal Reform in West Germany Petra Gödecke S The effort to achieve a comprehensive revision of the penal code had occupied German professors and practitioners of criminal law since the Kaiserreich.1 But the penal reform movement and the official reform commissions, which contin- ued all the way up to the Nazi regime’s penal reform commission under Justice Minister Franz Gürtner, remained unsuccessful. This chapter investigates when penal reform reappeared on the agenda of German criminal law professors after 1945 and what shape this new penal reform discourse took. The early postwar phase of the reform discourse had little influence on the comprehensive penal reform that was eventually passed in 1969 or on the revisions of laws on sexual offenses that took place from 1969 to 1973. But this early phase is of consider- able interest because it reveals the complex mix of continuity and change in a particular discipline at a moment of political rupture and because it reconstructs how a new reform discourse emerged under the influence of the experiences of the Nazi period and the social and cultural upheavals of the postwar era. This chapter begins with a brief overview of the penal code and of the situa- tion of academic criminal law at the universities around 1945. The next two sec- tions examine the debates on natural law and the question of why there were no efforts to completely revise the criminal code immediately after 1945. This issue leads into the following two sections, which explore the work situation, publica- tion venues, and professional meetings of legal academics in the field of criminal law after 1945. -
Growing up in Hitler's Germany
CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture ISSN 1481-4374 Purdue University Press ©Purdue University Volume 11 (2009) Issue 1 Article 6 Narrative Silences Between History and Memory in Schumann's Being Present: Growing Up in Hitler's Germany Anne Rothe Wayne State University Follow this and additional works at: https://docs.lib.purdue.edu/clcweb Part of the Comparative Literature Commons, and the Critical and Cultural Studies Commons Dedicated to the dissemination of scholarly and professional information, Purdue University Press selects, develops, and distributes quality resources in several key subject areas for which its parent university is famous, including business, technology, health, veterinary medicine, and other selected disciplines in the humanities and sciences. CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture, the peer-reviewed, full-text, and open-access learned journal in the humanities and social sciences, publishes new scholarship following tenets of the discipline of comparative literature and the field of cultural studies designated as "comparative cultural studies." Publications in the journal are indexed in the Annual Bibliography of English Language and Literature (Chadwyck-Healey), the Arts and Humanities Citation Index (Thomson Reuters ISI), the Humanities Index (Wilson), Humanities International Complete (EBSCO), the International Bibliography of the Modern Language Association of America, and Scopus (Elsevier). The journal is affiliated with the Purdue University Press monograph series of Books in Comparative Cultural Studies. Contact: <[email protected]> Recommended Citation Rothe, Anne. "Narrative Silences Between History and Memory in Schumann's Being Present: Growing Up in Hitler's Germany." CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 11.1 (2009): <https://doi.org/10.7771/1481-4374.1418> This text has been double-blind peer reviewed by 2+1 experts in the field. -
Arxiv:1803.02193V1 [Math.HO] 6 Mar 2018 AQE AR IT AZZK EE ENG IHI .KA G
KLEIN VS MEHRTENS: RESTORING THE REPUTATION OF A GREAT MODERN JACQUES BAIR, PIOTR BLASZCZYK, PETER HEINIG, MIKHAIL G. KATZ, JAN PETER SCHAFERMEYER,¨ AND DAVID SHERRY Abstract. Historian Herbert Mehrtens sought to portray the his- tory of turn-of-the-century mathematics as a struggle of modern vs countermodern, led respectively by David Hilbert and Felix Klein. Some of Mehrtens’ conclusions have been picked up by both histo- rians (Jeremy Gray) and mathematicians (Frank Quinn). We argue that Klein and Hilbert, both at G¨ottingen, were not adversaries but rather modernist allies in a bid to broaden the scope of mathematics beyond a narrow focus on arithmetized anal- ysis as practiced by the Berlin school. Klein’s G¨ottingen lecture and other texts shed light on Klein’s modernism. Hilbert’s views on intuition are closer to Klein’s views than Mehrtens is willing to allow. Klein and Hilbert were equally interested in the axiomatisation of physics. Among Klein’s credits is helping launch the career of Abraham Fraenkel, and advancing the careers of Sophus Lie, Emmy Noether, and Ernst Zermelo, all four surely of impeccable modernist credentials. Mehrtens’ unsourced claim that Hilbert was interested in pro- duction rather than meaning appears to stem from Mehrtens’ marx- ist leanings. Mehrtens’ claim that [the future SS-Brigadef¨uhrer] “Theodor Vahlen . cited Klein’s racist distinctions within math- ematics, and sharpened them into open antisemitism” fabricates a spurious continuity between the two figures mentioned and is thus an odious misrepresentation of Klein’s position. arXiv:1803.02193v1 [math.HO] 6 Mar 2018 Contents 1. -
The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY
Union College Union | Digital Works Honors Theses Student Work 6-2016 The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II Max Lutze Union College - Schenectady, NY Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses Part of the European History Commons, German Language and Literature Commons, History of Science, Technology, and Medicine Commons, Military History Commons, and the Military, War, and Peace Commons Recommended Citation Lutze, Max, "The German Rocket Jet and the Nuclear Programs of World War II" (2016). Honors Theses. 179. https://digitalworks.union.edu/theses/179 This Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Work at Union | Digital Works. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Union | Digital Works. For more information, please contact [email protected]. The German Rocket, Jet, and Nuclear Programs of World War II By Max Lutze * * * * * * * * * Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for Honors in the Department of History UNION COLLEGE March, 2016 2 Abstract German military technology in World War II was among the best of the major warring powers and in many cases it was the groundwork for postwar innovations that permanently changed global warfare. Three of the most important projects undertaken, which were not only German initiatives and therefore perhaps among the most valuable programs for both the major Axis and Allied nations, include the rocket, jet, and nuclear programs. In Germany, each of these technologies was given different levels of attention and met with varying degrees of success in their development and application.