DOCSLIB.ORG

Evolution, Ecology, and Disparities: Constructing Stature, Immune Functioning, and Reproduction in Brazilian Quilombo, and United States, Women Anna C

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Evolution, Ecology, and Disparities: Constructing Stature, Immune Functioning, and Reproduction in Brazilian Quilombo, and United States, Women Anna C University of South Florida Scholar Commons Graduate Theses and Dissertations Graduate School 4-14-2017 Evolution, Ecology, and Disparities: Constructing Stature, Immune Functioning, and Reproduction in Brazilian Quilombo, and United States, Women Anna C. Rivara University of South Florida, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd Part of the Biological and Chemical Physics Commons Scholar Commons Citation Rivara, Anna C., "Evolution, Ecology, and Disparities: Constructing Stature, Immune Functioning, and Reproduction in Brazilian Quilombo, and United States, Women" (2017). Graduate Theses and Dissertations. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6752 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Graduate Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Evolution, Ecology, and Disparities: Constructing Stature, Immune Functioning, and Reproduction in Brazilian Quilombo, and United States, Women by Anna Christine Rivara A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Department of Anthropology College of Arts and Sciences University of South Florida Major Professor: Lorena Madrigal, Ph.D. David A Himmelgreen, Ph.D. Daniel H. Lende, Ph.D. Lynn B. Martin, Ph. D Elizabeth M. Miller, Ph.D. Silviene Fabiana de Oliveira, Ph.D. Date of Approval: April 4, 2017 Keywords: Kalunga, Life History Theory, Health, Syndemics, NHANES Copyright © 2017, Anna Christine Rivara Acknowledgments Many thanks to all the people who have supported me throughout my time in graduate school. To my adviser Lorena Madrigal, thank you for always advocating for me and supporting me through the difficult times. To Elizabeth Miller, thank you for always challenging me to think more critically, and all your advice over the years. To my doctoral committee, thank you for the suggestions, comments, and critiques, that helped me develop, conduct, and produce, a sound study. To Silviene, Sabrina, Carol, Rafaela, Ana Carolina, and the other members of my field team, and UnB scholars. Thank you so much for being some of the nicest, most helpful, people I have ever known. This study would not have been possible without your help. Thank you for inviting me to your beautiful country, and I hope to return soon and see you all. Obrigada! To my friends and family, I am so appreciative of the time, help, and support that you all have offered me over the years. Completing this degree was only possible because of all of you. To my parents, thank you for the love and support. My sisters, Sara, Buddy, and Katy; thank you for being the strongest, smartest people I’ve ever known. Sarah, and your entire family, thank you for the lifelong support and believing in me much more than I have ever believed in myself. To Melissa, Keara, Liotta (and the entire Dowdy family), I am so lucky to have such amazing friends. Twiga! To the mentors that have inspired me throughout my life: John Motzko, for introducing me to the world of evolution; Dan Brame, for inspiring me to balance myself with music; Stephen Wooten, for inspiring me to study anthropology; the entire department of African Studies at the University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, for inspiring and challenging me to be a better scholar. A special shout-out to the LMM, JT, and AM. Without your beautiful words and music, I’d long have given up and gone mad. To those that make me laugh, thank for you for those majestical moments. Finally, to the Kalunga people. Thank you for welcoming me into your community, and sharing your experiences. Table of contents List of tables ............................................................................................................................... vii List of figures ..................................................................................................................................x Abstract ............................................................................................................................... xii Chapter one: introduction ................................................................................................................1 Research design ...................................................................................................................4 Research objectives ..............................................................................................................5 Research questions ...............................................................................................................5 Organization of the dissertation ...........................................................................................8 Chapter two: literature review .......................................................................................................10 Section one: Life History Theory ......................................................................................10 Predicting life history strategies.............................................................................11 Issues in predicting reaction norms and life history strategies ..............................12 The evolution of LHT scholarship .........................................................................14 Early scholarship: age schedules and reproductive fitness ....................................15 Reproductive effort ................................................................................................15 Environmental pressures and life history trade-offs ..............................................17 Life history trade-offs: immune functioning, reproduction, and growth ...............18 Nutritional and physiological costs of immune response ......................................19 Immune functioning and reproduction...................................................................21 The costs of producing reproductive hormones .....................................................22 Reproductive age-schedules...................................................................................23 Infection and fertility .............................................................................................24 Life history trade-offs: growth and immune functioning ......................................25 Growth and reproduction .......................................................................................26 The absence of life history trade-offs ....................................................................28 Section two: the human immune system ...........................................................................29 The immune system in brief ..................................................................................29 Adaptive responses ................................................................................................30 T cells .....................................................................................................................30 Cell-mediated (Th1) responses ..............................................................................30 The role of the cytokines in directing immune responses......................................31 i Th2 responses.........................................................................................................31 Humoral responses: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies .....................................33 Parasitism and humans ...........................................................................................35 IgE and parasitism..................................................................................................36 IgE and hypersensitivity ........................................................................................37 IgE and human reproduction ..................................................................................38 Epidemiology of IgE ..............................................................................................39 Eosinophils .............................................................................................................41 C-reactive protein...................................................................................................42 Section three: Hygiene and the Old Friends hypotheses ...................................................42 Evolutionary mismatch ..........................................................................................42 Evidence in support of the Hygiene and Old Friends hypotheses .........................45 Section four: Syndemics Theory ........................................................................................48 Syndemic infections of poverty .............................................................................49 Malaria ...................................................................................................................50 A syndemic view of macro-parasitism and reproduction ......................................51 Syndemic transmission risks ..................................................................................52 Syndemics of infectious diseases and the political economy ................................53 Syndemic interactions and social vulnerabilities in transitioning populations ......54 Syndemic interactions with growth .......................................................................55
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Early Brazilian Sugar Industry, 1550-1670
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revista de Indias Revista de Indias, 2005, vol. LXV, núm. 233 Págs. 79-116, ISSN: 0034-8341 «A COMMONWEALTH WITHIN ITSELF». THE EARLY BRAZILIAN SUGAR INDUSTRY, 1550-1670 POR STUART B. SCHWARTZ Yale University Este ensayo examina los contornos básicos de la economía del azúcar en Brasil entre 1550 y 1660, cuando se convirtió en la principal productora de dicho artículo en el mundo atlántico. Comienza analizando el amplio espectro que situó al país en el contexto del sistema comercial euro-americano, para estudiar luego las condiciones locales y los desafíos específicos de la tierra, el trabajo y el capital a los que hizo frente la industria cañera brasileña temprana y que le confi- rieron un carácter y unos contornos peculiares. Finalmente investiga la rápida expansión del sec- tor hasta 1620 y las razones por las que su crecimiento se estancó, incluso antes del ascenso de nuevos competidores en el Caribe después de 1650. PALABRAS CLAVES: Brasil, Portugal, Holanda, siglos XVI-XVII, azúcar, mercado, factores de producción. The first contacts with Brazil did not generate much interest in Portugal so long as that distant shore was seen only as a place to obtain dyewood or tropical curiosities. By the 1530s, however, the introduction of sugar cane and the begin- nings of a sugar industry had begun to transform Brazil, especially its northeas- tern coast, into a colony of settlement. The sugar estates, by their nature and by their socially and «racially» segmented populations, eventually determined much of the structure of the colony and of its society.
    [Show full text]
  • How to Cite Complete Issue More Information About This Article
    Revista Ciência Agronômica ISSN: 0045-6888 ISSN: 1806-6690 Universidade Federal do Ceará Silva, Hudsonkléio Da Costa; Anunciação Filho, Clodoaldo José; Bastos, Gerson Quirino; Dutra Filho, João Andrade; Simões Neto, Djalma Euzébio Repeatibility of agroindustrial characters in sugarcane in different harvest cycles1 Revista Ciência Agronômica, vol. 49, no. 2, April-June, 2018, pp. 275-282 Universidade Federal do Ceará DOI: 10.5935/1806-6690.20180031 Available in: http://www.redalyc.org/articulo.oa?id=195358123011 How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System Redalyc More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America and the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Project academic non-profit, developed under the open access initiative Revista Ciência Agronômica, v. 49, n. 2, p. 275-282, abr-jun, 2018 Centro de Ciências Agrárias - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Fortaleza, CE Scientific Article www.ccarevista.ufc.br ISSN 1806-6690 Repeatibility of agroindustrial characters in sugarcane in different harvest cycles1 Repetibilidade de caracteres agroindustriais em cana-de-açúcar em diferentes ciclos de colheita Hudsonkléio Da Costa Silva2, Clodoaldo José Anunciação Filho2, Gerson Quirino Bastos2, João Andrade Dutra Filho2* and Djalma Euzébio Simões Neto2 ABSTRACT - In commercial cultivation of sugarcane, knowledge about the repetition of agroindustrial characters is essential to identify long-lived genotypes in production cycles, which when selected, will contribute to the significant increase in productivity. This work evaluated the agroindustrial performance of 16 sugarcane genotypes in the sugarcane microregion Litoral Norte of Pernambuco in four harvest cycles and the regularity in the repetition of characters. The experiment was conducted in the agricultural area of São José sugar mill, Igarassu, state of Pernambuco, Brazil.
    [Show full text]
  • Madeira and the Beginnings of New World Sugar Cane Cultivation and Plantation Slavery: a Study in Institution Building*
    MADEIRA AND THE BEGINNINGS OF NEW WORLD SUGAR CANE CULTIVATION AND PLANTATION SLAVERY: A STUDY IN INSTITUTION BUILDING* Sidney M. Greenfield Department of Anthropology The University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201 Although the tropical New World is generally taken as the context for the comparative and historical study of plantation systems and of slavery, the institutional complex of the slave plantation' did not have its origins in the Western Hemisphere. Instead, as Charles Verlinden2 and others have demon- strated so ably, the culture complex can be traced back to the European colonies established in Palestine following the First Crusade. There sugar was grown by a mixed force of free and slave workers. The sugar then was exported, with some of it reaching the developing markets of Western Europe. Sugar cane had been known to Europe at least as far back as antiquity, although its distribution was limited. The cultivation of the crop, and its in- creased availability and wider distribution, came to Mediterranean Europe in the wake of the expansion of Islam. Sugar cane, most probably first domesticated in India, had been grown in Asia Minor and was carried along with the spread of Islam to the coastal regions of North Africa, the islands of the Mediterranean, and eventually to the Moorish kingdoms in the Iberian peninsula.3 Given the intensity of the conflict between Christianity and Islam during the Middle Ages, trade between the areas controlled by the rival religions tended to be minimal. Hence sugars produced in areas under Moslem control went, for the most part, to supply markets in the Near East and North Africa, while the markets of Europe had to be supplied from areas under Christian control.
    [Show full text]
  • The Transatlantic Slave Trade
    1 2 3 4 The Transatlantic Slave Trade 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 [First Page] 12 13 [-1], (1) 14 15 Lines: 0 to 9 16 17 ——— 18 * 455.0pt PgVar ——— 19 Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageBreak 21 22 23 [-1], (1) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page i / / The Transatlantic Slave Trade / James A. Rawley 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 [-2], (2) 14 15 Lines: 9 to 10 16 17 ——— 18 0.0pt PgVar ——— 19 Normal Page 20 PgEnds: T X 21 E 22 23 [-2], (2) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page ii / / The Transatlantic Slave Trade / James A. Rawley 1 2 3 4 The Transatlantic 5 6 7 8 Slave Trade 9 10 11 A History, revised edition 12 13 [-3], (3) 14 15 Lines: 10 to 32 16 17 ——— 18 0.0pt PgVar ——— 19 James A. Rawley Normal Page 20 * PgEnds: PageBreak 21 with Stephen D. Behrendt 22 23 [-3], (3) 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 university of nebraska press 39 lincoln and london BOB — University of Nebraska Press / Page iii / / The Transatlantic Slave Trade / James A. Rawley 1 © 1981, 2005 by James A. Rawley 2 All rights reserved 3 Manufactured in the United States of America 4 ⅜ϱ 5 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data 6 Rawley, James A.
    [Show full text]
  • Rent Seeking and the Unveiling Of'de Facto'institutions: Development and Colonial Heritage Within Brazil
    NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES RENT SEEKING AND THE UNVEILING OF 'DE FACTO' INSTITUTIONS: DEVELOPMENT AND COLONIAL HERITAGE WITHIN BRAZIL Joana Naritomi Rodrigo R. Soares Juliano J. Assunção Working Paper 13545 http://www.nber.org/papers/w13545 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 October 2007 The authors gratefully thank Flávia Chein Feres for essential help in managing and sharing the basic geo-referenced dataset on Brazilian municipalities, Cláudio Egler for providing the geo-referenced data on the coastline and the projection of the Brazilian map in kilometers, and Jesus Fernando Mansilla Baca for providing the data on temperatures and types of soil. The paper also benefited from comments and suggestions from Marcelo de Paiva Abreu, Roger Betancourt, Filipe Campante, Cláudio Ferraz, Karla Hoff, Peter Murrell, Edson Severnini, Dietrich Vollrath, and seminar participants at Columbia University, IMF, IPEA-Rio, PUC-Rio, Johns Hopkins University/Center for Global Development, University of Delaware, University of Houston, University of Maryland-College Park, University of Pittsburgh, World Bank, the 2007 Panel of the LACEA Political Economy Group (Cartagena), the 2007 NBER Summer Institute on Income Distribution and Macroeconomics (Cambridge), and the 2007 LACEA Annual Meeting (Bogotá). The views expressed herein are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the view of the institutions to which they are affiliated, or those of the National Bureau of Economic Research. © 2007 by Joana Naritomi, Rodrigo R. Soares, and Juliano J. Assunção. All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without explicit permission provided that full credit, including © notice, is given to the source.
    [Show full text]
  • SUGAR CANE and RUM ROUTE of MADEIRA Madeira Island Porto Da Cruz ©Francisco Correia
    SUGAR CANE AND RUM ROUTE OF MADEIRA Madeira Island Porto da Cruz ©Francisco Correia Sugar cane is an agricultural product cultivated in Madeira since its colonization and which contributed for the exponential economic, social and cultural development of the island and of the then kingdom of Portugal, through the exports of one of its by- products – the sugar. HISTORICAL FRAMEWORK By order of Prince Henry, the Navigator, in the first quarter of the 15th century, the first sugar cane stalks (Saccharum officinarum), from Sicily, reached Madeira. Here they found fertile soils and abundant water, brought by the small levadas from the sources of the main streams. The places with a greater production of sugar cane and where most of the engenhos (sugarcane mill) could be found were located on the Southern slope of the island, namely in the municipalities of Funchal, Ribeira Brava, Ponta do Sol and Calheta. The first reference to Madeiran sugar dates back to 1433 and, two decades later, it was already produced in sufficient quantities for exportation, being considered the most refined sugar on the market. The Madeiran sugar was successful in the European market due to its quality, competing with the sugar from Sicily, Egypt and Morocco, and was exported to England, Flanders, France, Italy, Constantinople, among other markets. The sugar, also called “White Gold”, was exported inside a type of “cone” made out of clay, called “Pão de Açúcar” (Sugar Bread) or “Cones de Açúcar” (Sugar Cones). Sugar cane harvest, Parish of São Martinho – Funchal, s.d. Perestrellos Photographos, glass negative, ABM, PER, no.
    [Show full text]
  • 107 Utopías Esclavistas De América Colonial En 1516 Tomás Moro
    ibero-AmeriCAnA PrAgensiA – Año Xlii – 2008 – PP. 107–129 UTOPÍAs esClAvistAs de AmÉriCA ColoniAl por marKÉta KřÍŽovÁ (Universidad Carolina de Praga) en 1516 tomás moro localizó la isla Utopia en la costa del nuevo mundo. numerosos historiadores y ensayistas, así europeos como latinoamerica- nos, citan este hecho literario como una confirmación del vínculo inseparable entre américa y la “utopía”, tanto el nuevo género en la literatura europea como esfuerzos prácticos para realizar sociedades sobresalientes por orden, unidad y simetría, por organización más bien jerárquica que igualitaria, por superioridad de los intereses de la comunidad (el “pueblo”) sobre los deseos e inclinaciones de los individuos, por esfuerzo por señalar a cada uno su papel social y sus deberes.1 muchos de los utopistas proponían explícitamente el aprovechamiento de los recursos naturales y de la población del nuevo mundo para la construcción de la sociedad modelo. sin embargo, desde la perspec- tiva de hoy día, muchos aspectos de la utopía parecen inaceptables. Y lo mismo vale sobre el mismo proceso de conquista y colonización americanas. Uno de sus rasgos destacados lo constituyó, sin duda, la revitalización de la esclavi- tud. en el suelo americano se alcanzaron niveles sin precedente tanto en la cantidad de personas esclavizadas como en la brutalidad a la que fueron suje- tas. los testigos coetáneos denominaban “infiernos” a las colonias esclavistas;2 historiadores usan formulaciones como “deformaciones monstruas de sociedad humana”.3 además, la esclavitud florecía en el nuevo mundo precisamente en el período en el que dentro de la misma sociedad europea aumentaban las pre- tensiones de realzamiento de libertad como el valor supremo –no solamente en el sentido de libertades corporativas de la edad media, sino también pretensio- 1 “la utopía es americana… la Utopía [de moro] no se coloca ni en europa ni en asia ni en africa.” (arturo Uslar PIETRI, La otra américa, madrid, alianza editorial 1974, p.
    [Show full text]
  • Sugar and the Expansion of the Early Modern World-Economy: Commodity Frontiers, Ecological Transformation, and Industrialization Author(S): Jason W
    Research Foundation of SUNY Sugar and the Expansion of the Early Modern World-Economy: Commodity Frontiers, Ecological Transformation, and Industrialization Author(s): Jason W. Moore Source: Review (Fernand Braudel Center), Vol. 23, No. 3 (2000), pp. 409-433 Published by: Research Foundation of SUNY for and on behalf of the Fernand Braudel Center Stable URL: http://www.jstor.org/stable/40241510 . Accessed: 21/06/2014 17:08 Your use of the JSTOR archive indicates your acceptance of the Terms & Conditions of Use, available at . http://www.jstor.org/page/info/about/policies/terms.jsp . JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact [email protected]. Research Foundation of SUNY and Fernand Braudel Center are collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to Review (Fernand Braudel Center). http://www.jstor.org This content downloaded from 128.226.37.5 on Sat, 21 Jun 2014 17:08:43 PM All use subject to JSTOR Terms and Conditions Sugar and theExpansion of theEarly Modern World-Economy CommodityFrontiers, Ecological Transformation, and Industrialization* JasonW. Moore articleattempts to restoreand operationalizethe concept of the frontierfor the studyof worldcapitalist expansion and its structuraltendency towards environmental degradation. World-sys- temsanalysts have paid considerableattention to theways in which theworld-economy expands. The bulk of thiswork has been given over to the studyof long waves,the reorganizationof production units,state-formation, and otherimportant processes.
    [Show full text]
  • Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires
    Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires Edited by José Vicente Serrão Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues and Susana Münch Miranda Direitos de Propriedade, Terra e Território nos Impérios Ultramarinos Europeus Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires Direitos de Propriedade, Terra e Território nos Impérios Ultramarinos Europeus Edited by José Vicente Serrão Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues and Susana Münch Miranda © 2014 CEHC-IUL and the authors. All rights reserved. Title: Property Rights, Land and Territory in the European Overseas Empires. Edited by: José Vicente Serrão, Bárbara Direito, Eugénia Rodrigues, Susana Münch Miranda. Editorial Assistant: Graça Almeida Borges. Year of Publication: 2014. Online Publication Date: April 2015. Published by: CEHC, ISCTE-IUL. Avenida das Forças Armadas, 1649-026 Lisboa, Portugal. Tel.: +351 217903000. E-mail: [email protected]. Type: digital edition (e-book). ISBN: 978-989-98499-4-5 DOI: 10.15847/cehc.prlteoe.945X000 Cover image: “The home of a ‘Labrador’ in Brazil”, by Frans Post, c. 1650-1655 (Louvre Museum). This book incorporates the activities of the FCT-funded Research Project (PTDC/HIS-HIS/113654/2009) “Lands Over Seas: Property Rights in the Early Modern Portuguese Empire”. Contents | Índice Introduction Property, land and territory in the making of overseas empires 7 José Vicente Serrão Part I Organisation and perceptions of territory Organização e representação do território 1. Ownership and indigenous territories in New France (1603-1760) 21 Michel Morin 2. Brazilian landscape perception through literary sources (16th-18th centuries) 31 Ana Duarte Rodrigues 3. Apropriação econômica da natureza em uma fronteira do império atlântico 43 português: o Rio de Janeiro (século XVII) Maria Sarita Mota 4.
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Sugar Cane in Brazil's History and Economy
    Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Retrospective Theses and Dissertations Dissertations 1983 The oler of sugar cane in Brazil's history and economy Plinio Mario Nastari Iowa State University Follow this and additional works at: https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd Part of the Agricultural and Resource Economics Commons, and the Agricultural Economics Commons Recommended Citation Nastari, Plinio Mario, "The or le of sugar cane in Brazil's history and economy " (1983). Retrospective Theses and Dissertations. 8948. https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/rtd/8948 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Iowa State University Capstones, Theses and Dissertations at Iowa State University Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Retrospective Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Iowa State University Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS The most advanced technology has been used to photograph and reproduce this manuscript from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion.
    [Show full text]
  • Engenhos Do Recôncavo Baiano
    ENGENHOS DO RECÔNCAVO BAIANO Sugarcane Farms of Bahia's Recôncavo Esterzilda Berenstein de Azevedo Esterzilda Berenstein de Azevedo Esterzilda Berenstein de O sétimo título da série Roteiros do Patrimônio do Programa Monumenta/Iphan propõe aos leitores interessados em nosso patrimônio arquitetônico uma viagem por alguns dos monumentos remanescentes da arquitetura do açúcar na Bahia. Os conjuntos tradicionais ali instalados com suas casas-grandes, capelas, fábricas e senzalas são descritos em minúcia e com muitas imagens, inclusive as dos vestígios que ainda podem ser visitados. AIANO B The seventh title of the Heritage Itineraries series by the Monumenta/Iphan Program invites interested readers for a visit to some of ATRIMÔNIO the remaining monuments of the sugarcane ECÔNCAVO era architecture in Bahia. R The traditional ensembles with their DO P farmhouses, chapels, refineries and senzalas are described in detail and furnished with images, including some of ruins that can still be visited. NGENHOS E DO OTEIROS R ENGENHOS DO RECÔNCAVO BAIANO Sugarcane Farms of Bahia’s Recôncavo Esterzilda Berenstein de Azevedo IMÔNIO R AT P DO OS R OTEI MONUMENTA | IPHAN R Pintura “Engenho”. 1660. Frans Post. Painting “Engenho” by Frans Post,1660. APRESENTAÇÃO Foreword Em usinas escuras, In dark refineries, homens de vida amarga men of bitter e dura and hard lives produziram este açúcar produced this sugar branco e puro... white and pure... Ferreira Gullar Ferreira Gullar No sétimo volume da In the seventh volume série Roteiros do Patrimônio, of the Heritage Itineraries o Programa Monumenta/ series, The Monumenta/Iphan Iphan propõe uma visita aos Program suggests a visit to monumentos criados pela monuments created by the arquitetura do açúcar architecture of sugar economy na Bahia.
    [Show full text]
  • Booklet Brazalian Embassy .Pdf
    Index Preface 04 Football in the chronicles of José Lins do Rego, Mario Filho and Nelson Rodrigues Fatima Martin Rodrigues Ferreira Antunes 06 Maracanã: temple of football Pedro de Castro da Cunha e Menezes 20 Brazil’s greatest World Cup rivals Mário Araújo 34 Interview: Zico 46 Scars (a football story) Luiz Ruffato 52 Football and literature: bad passes and give-and-go João Cezar de Castro Rocha 64 78 Two questions for Pelé Foreign policy and football 80 Vera Cíntia Alvarez Brazilian south-south cooperation in sports 92 Marco Farani 96 Interview: Sócrates Football in Brazilian music 98 Assis Ângelo Football, field of words 104 Leonel Kaz Football and national identity 112 Luiz Carlos Ribeiro 122 Football in Portuguese Preface Although England has been credited with the invention of football, the origins of the sport go back much further. Both the Chinese and the Greeks, before the Christian era, as well as the Florentines during the Renaissance, played games based on moving a sphere with their feet. Tsu-chu in China, Kemari, in Japan, Epyskiros, in Greece, and Harpastrum, in the Roman Empire, are some of the names of rudimentary forms of the game that became known as football. Developed by the English starting in the 12th century, it was only in the first half of the 19th century that football acquired a set of rules, seeking to differentiate it from rugby, another very popular sport in British schools. In 1863, the Football Association was created, consolidating the rules and organizing the first games and tournaments of the new sport.
    [Show full text]