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Novais, Inês Valente De Abreu, 1988- O Metabolismo Japonês : a Cidade Como Processo De Transformação E Metamorfose

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Novais, Inês Valente De Abreu, 1988- O Metabolismo Japonês : a Cidade Como Processo De Transformação E Metamorfose Universidades Lusíada Novais, Inês Valente de Abreu, 1988- O Metabolismo japonês : a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose http://hdl.handle.net/11067/160 Metadados Data de Publicação 2012 Resumo Esta dissertação pretende reflectir sobre o primeiro movimento "avant- garde" não ocidental, que revolucionou o pensamento urbanístico e arquitectónico dos anos 60: o Movimento Metabolista. Num clima de optimismo e prosperidade que envolveu toda a nação, o grupo Metabolista uniu-se pelo objectivo comum de restaurar a imagem do seu país e encontrar um futuro para as cidades japonesas, após a devastação incontornável na sequência da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como resposta à ineficácia dos métodos de ... Palavras Chave Metabolismo na arquitectura (Movimento), Planeamento urbano - História - Japão - Século 20, Arquitectura - História - Japão - Século 20 Tipo masterThesis Revisão de Pares Não Coleções [ULL-FAA] Dissertações Esta página foi gerada automaticamente em 2021-10-06T00:26:19Z com informação proveniente do Repositório http://repositorio.ulusiada.pt U NIVE RSID ADE LUSÍ ADA DE L ISBO A Fac uldad e de Arquitectura e A rtes Mestrado integ rado em Arquitectura O Metabolismo japonês: a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose Realizado por: Inês Valente de Abreu Novais Orientado por: Prof. Doutor Arqt. Joaquim José Ferrãão de Oliveira Braizinha Constituição do Júri: Presidente: Prof. Doutor Horácio Manuel Pereira Boniffácio Orientador: Prof. Doutor Arqt. Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira Braizinha Assistente de orientação: Arqt. Jorge Virgílio Rodrigues Mealha da Costa Arguente: Prof. Doutor Arqt. Mário João Alves Chavees Dissertação aprovada em: 31 de Outubro de 2012 Lisboa 2012 U NIVERSIDADE L USÍADA DE L ISBOA Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura O Metabolismo japonês: a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose Inês Valente de Abreu Novais Lisboa Setembro 2012 Inês Valente de Abreu Novais O Metabolismo japonês: a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose Dissertação apresentada à Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa para a obtenção do grau de Mestre em Arquitectura. Orientador: Prof. Doutor Arqt. Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira Braizinha Assistente de orientação: Arqt. Jorge Virgílio Rodrigues Mealha da Costa Lisboa Setembro 2012 Ficha Técnica Autora Inês Valente de Abreu Novais Orientador Prof. Doutor Arqt. Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira Braizinha Assistente de orientação Arqt. Jorge Virgílio Rodrigues Mealha da Costa Título O metabolismo japonês: a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose Local Lisboa Ano 2012 Mediateca da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa - Catalogação na Publicação NOVAIS, Inês Valente de Abreu, 1988- O metabolismo japonês : a cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose / Inês Valente de Abreu Novais ; orientado por Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira Braizinha, Jorge Virgílio Rodrigues Mealha da Costa. - Lisboa : [s.n.], 2012. - Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Arquitectura, Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa. I - BRAIZINHA, Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira, 1944- II - MEALHA, Jorge, 1960- LCSH 1. Metabolismo na arquitectura (Movimento) 2. Planeamento urbano - Japão - História - Século 20 3. Arquitectura - Japão - História - Século 20 4. Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes - Teses 5. Teses – Portugal - Lisboa 1. Metabolism in architecture (Movement) 2. City planning - Japan - History - 20th century 3. Architecture - Japan - History - 20th century 4. Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa. Faculdade de Arquitectura e Artes - Dissertations 5. Dissertations, Academic – Portugal - Lisbon LCC 1. NA1555.5.M48 N68 2012 AGRADECIMENTOS Desejo expressar o mais profundo agradecimento a todos aqueles que contribuíram de forma decisiva para a concretização desta dissertação. Ao Prof. Doutor Arqt. Joaquim José Ferrão de Oliveira Braizinha, pelo seu conhecimento, pela disponibilidade e pelo inestimável apoio ao longo de todo o trabalho, assim como pelas críticas e sugestões relevantes realizadas durante a orientação do mesmo. Ao Arqt. Jorge Virgílio Rodrigues Mealha da Costa pela motivação e estímulo transmitidos não só no último ano de Mestrado, mas também durante a elaboração da dissertação, pela disponibilidade manifestada para co-orientar este trabalho e pela preciosa ajuda na definição do objecto de estudo. À Biblioteca de Arte da Fundação Calouste Gulbenkian pela disponibilização de material imprescindível para a realização desta dissertação. Aos docentes da Faculdade de Arquitectura da Universidade Lusíada de Lisboa que me acompanharam durante o percurso académico, agradeço igualmente a excelência da formação prestada e conhecimentos transmitidos. Os meus sinceros agradecimentos. APRESENTAÇÃO O Metabolismo japonês: A cidade como processo de transformação e metamorfose Inês Valente de Abreu Novais Esta dissertação pretende reflectir sobre o primeiro movimento avant-garde não ocidental, que revolucionou o pensamento urbanístico e arquitectónico dos anos 60: o Movimento Metabolista. Num clima de optimismo e prosperidade que envolveu toda a nação, o grupo Metabolista uniu-se pelo objectivo comum de restaurar a imagem do seu país e encontrar um futuro para as cidades japonesas, após a devastação incontornável na sequência da Segunda Guerra Mundial. Como resposta à ineficácia dos métodos de planeamento contemporâneos e pela necessidade de encontrar novos modelos urbanos que acomodassem o futuro crescimento do Japão, o grupo Metabolista apresenta na Conferência Mundial de Design em Tokyo, o manifesto “Metabolism 1960: the Proposals for a New Urbanism”. Através de uma metáfora biológica e de um sistema regenerativo contínuo à escala da cidade, o Movimento Metabolista introduziu uma nova teoria urbana que associava os benefícios da tecnologia, aos valores da cultura e da tradição japonesa, numa nova estética moderna com capacidade de se adaptar e regenerar por meio de um processo de transformação e metamorfose da arquitectura. Palavras-chave: Planeamento urbano, Arquitectura Moderna Japonesa, Pós-guerra no Japão, Movimento Metabolista. PRESENTATION The japanese Metabolism: The city as a process of transformation and metamorphosis Inês Valente de Abreu Novais This dissertation aims to reflect about the first non-western avant-garde movement that revolutionized urban and architectural thinking of the 60’s: the Metabolist Movement. In an atmosphere of optimism and prosperity that involved the entire nation, the Metabolist group joined up by the common purpose of restoring the image of their country and finding a future for the japanese cities, after the overwhelming devastation that followed the Second World War. As a response to the ineffectiveness of contemporary planning methods and by the need of finding new urban models that could accommodate Japan’s future growth, the Metabolist group presented, at the World Design Conference in Tokyo, the manifesto "Metabolism 1960: Proposals for the New Urbanism". Through a biological metaphor and a continuous regenerative system on a city scale, the Metabolist Movement introduced a new urban theory that combined the benefits of technology, with the values of japanese culture and tradition, in a new modern aesthetic with the ability to adapt and regenerate through a process of architectural transformation and metamorphosis. Keywords: Urban Planning, Japanese Modern Architecture, Postwar Japan, Metabolist Movement. LISTA DE ILUSTRAÇÕES Ilustração 1 – The passionate educator and the incubator of Metabolism, Kenzo Tange, 1960. (Koolhass, Obrist, 2011, p. 104) ....................................................................... 22 Ilustração 2 – Um peregrino na cidade de Nikko (1900) e um peregrino no Castelo de Osaka (2004). (National Library of New Zealand, 2011) ……………………………..… 26 Ilustração 3 – Padrão urbano em grelha de Kyoto, 2007. (Google Maps, 2012) ........ 27 Ilustração 4 – Vista aéria do Grande Santuário de Ise ("Ise Jinguu" em japonês): um dos locais sagrados mais importantes do Japão. (Watanabe, 1974) …………………. 29 Ilustração 5 – A histórica Ponte Kintai, construída em madeira na cidade de Iwakuni, 1673. (Japanese Photolog, 2012) …….………………………………………………..…. 30 Ilustração 6 – Vista de uma rua tradicional em Kyoto e uma rua tipicamente japonesa na mesma cidade, 2007. (Wikimedia Commons, 2012) ……………..…………………. 31 Ilustração 7 – The “engawa” from the inside of a traditional japanese house, Kyoto, 2009. (Chuang, 2009) ………………….………………………………………………..…. 32 Ilustração 8 – Moradores fogem do grande terramoto que atingiu as cidades de Tokyo e Yokohama no dia 1 de Setembro de 1923. (Japan Society, 2012) .………………… 33 Ilustração 9 – A cidade de Hiroshima um mês depois dos EUA terem largado uma bomba atómica, Agosto 1945. (Nuclear Darkness, 2012) .…………………………..… 34 Ilustração 10 – Expansão urbana: vista aérea da cidade de Tokyo, 1958. (Mainishi Japan, 2012) .………………….……………………………………………………..…....... 36 Ilustração 11 – Neo-Tokyo Plan, Kuro (Hisaakira) Kano, 1958. (Tange, Fujimori, 2002, p. 345). ………………………………………………………………………………….……. 39 Ilustração 12 – Vista geral da cerimónia de abertura dos Jogos Olímpicos de Verão de 1964, no Estádio Olímpico de Tokyo. (International Olympic Comitee Photos, 2012) 40 Ilustração 13 – Os membros fundadores dos CIAM no primeiro congresso, Suíça, 1928. (Muford, 2002, p. 16) …………………………………………………………..……. 41 Ilustração 14 – Le Corbusier a bordo do cruzeiro Patris II no CIAM IV, Atenas, 1933. (Foundation
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