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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Clinical Overview

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Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Clinical Overview Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Clinical overview Definition Some causes of hemorrhagic CVA A cerebrovascular accident, also known as a stroke, is an . Untreated or uncontrolled high blood pressure interruption or disruption of blood flow to the brain. Traumatic head and neck injuries When blood flow to an area of the brain stops, oxygen . Surgeries involving blood vessels of head and neck and nutrients cannot get to that area of the brain, and . Blood-thinning medications brain cells begin to die, resulting in permanent damage. Brain aneurysms (weak spots in walls of blood vessels in the brain) and other abnormalities of blood vessels Types in and around the brain . Ischemic: This type is usually caused by a blood clot . Bleeding disorders that blocks a blood vessel (artery) that supplies . Brain tumors oxygen-rich blood to the brain. Liver disease, which is associated with increased o Thrombotic stroke: A blood clot forms inside an bleeding in general artery that supplies blood to the brain, blocking blood flow. Risk factors o Embolic stroke: A blood clot forms in a vessel in . High blood pressure/hypertension another part of the body and then travels to and . Diabetes blocks a blood vessel in the brain. Obesity o Other types of ischemic stroke include very low . High cholesterol blood pressure or narrowing or tears in the lining . Cardiovascular disease of one of the blood vessels that carry blood to . Alcoholism the brain (i.e., carotid arteries), all of which . Smoking decrease blood flow to the brain. Age (older than 55) . Hemorrhagic: A blood vessel within the brain . Male gender weakens and bursts, causing bleeding in the brain. Personal history of stroke o Intracerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding within the . Family history of stroke brain. o Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding into the Signs and symptoms subarachnoid space – the space between the Sometimes there are no signs or symptoms. Signs or brain and the thin tissues that cover the brain. symptoms that may occur include, but are not limited to: Some causes of ischemic CVA . Confusion, memory loss or impaired consciousness Conditions that can cause blood clots: . Change in personality, mood or emotions . Atherosclerosis (fatty substances in the blood collect . Headache on the walls of the arteries, causing narrowing of the . Difficulty speaking or swallowing vessel and slowing of blood flow, which can result in . Loss of bowel or bladder function blood clot formation) . Loss of coordination or balance . Irregular heart rhythms, such as atrial fibrillation . Difficulty walking . Certain drugs/medications . Disturbances in vision, hearing or taste . Heart valve problems . Unilateral paralysis, weakness or numbness . Congenital heart defects . Blood-clotting disorders Complications . Inflammation or other disorders of blood vessels Complications depend on the type of stroke, degree of . Injuries or surgeries involving blood vessels of the brain damage, the body systems affected and how quickly head or neck treatment is received. Complete recovery can occur, or . Cancer radiation treatments to the neck or brain there may be permanent residual deficits. Page 1 of 7 LC13304ALL0821-B GNHJEKCEN Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Clinical overview Diagnostic tools . Medical history and physical exam . Laboratory blood testing (to check clotting factors, blood sugar and other blood chemicals) . Electrocardiogram, echocardiogram and other cardiac monitoring to check for heart problems . Ultrasound of the carotid arteries . Computed tomography (CT) scan . Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) . Magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) or CT angiography (CTA) Treatment options An acute stroke represents a medical emergency. Prompt evaluation and treatment are critical to save brain tissue and avoid or reduce complications, residual effects and disability. Treatment depends on the cause and type of stroke and can include: . For ischemic CVA, clot-busting drugs (must be administered within three hours of the onset of symptoms), blood thinners and carotid artery surgery, if indicated . For hemorrhagic CVA, surgical intervention, if indicated, to control bleeding . Pain medications as indicated (e.g., for headache) . Control and management of underlying causal conditions . Physical, occupational and speech therapy for residual conditions Page 2 of 7 LC13304ALL0821-B GNHJEKCEN Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Best documentation practices for physicians Subjective Current versus historical: In the subjective section of the office note, document the . Do not document a past CVA as if it is current. An presence or absence of any current symptoms or patient acute CVA represents a medical emergency that complaints related to cerebrovascular accident or current requires prompt medical treatment. residual deficits that are due to a past CVA. o A final diagnosis stated as simply “CVA” indicates a current CVA, which would not correlate with a Objective treatment plan to “follow up in one year.” The objective section should include any positive physical o Rather, this documentation suggests the CVA exam findings of current CVA or current residual deficits occurred in the past and should have been stated that are due to a past CVA. Include results of related as “history of CVA.” diagnostic testing. On the other hand, do not use past-tense terms such Assessment as “status post,” “history of,” “recent,” “past,” “prior,” Specificity: Describe each final diagnosis to the highest etc., to describe current residual deficits of past CVA. level of specificity. For example: o In diagnosis coding, a residual deficit of CVA . Document the type of CVA (ischemic, hemorrhagic, described as “history of,” “status post,” etc., postoperative, etc.), affected artery (e.g. intracerebral, indicates a historical condition that no longer exists as a current problem. intracranial, subarachnoid), and the cause, if known. o Contrast these two examples: . For related neurologic deficits, specify laterality (right or left, dominant or nondominant) or type (e.g. “History of CVA with facial weakness” This documentation supports a historical dysphagia oral phase, dysphagia pharyngeal phase, condition (at some time in the past, the patient neurogenic dysphagia, etc.). had a CVA with associated facial weakness). “Residual facial weakness due to past CVA” Abbreviations: A good rule of thumb for any medical This documentation supports current facial record is to limit – or avoid altogether – the use of weakness due to past CVA. abbreviations. While CVA is a commonly accepted medical abbreviation for cerebrovascular accident, best practice is . Codes for residual effects/late effects/sequelae cannot be assigned based on the status of the condition in the as follows: . The initial notation of an abbreviation or acronym past. Rather, code assignment must be based on documentation that clearly shows the residual should be spelled out in full with the abbreviation in condition is current. For example: parentheses: “Cerebrovascular accident (CVA).” o A final diagnosis of “residual left hemiparesis due Subsequent mention of the condition can then be to CVA one year ago” should be supported by a made using the abbreviation. notation of left hemiparesis in the neurological . The diagnosis should be spelled out in full in the final exam. assessment/impression. o Documentation of a detailed and completely normal neurologic exam would contradict a Associated conditions and manifestations: diagnosis of current left hemiparesis. Clearly link associated conditions or manifestations to Treatment plan cerebrovascular accident by using linking terms such as Document a clear and concise treatment plan for CVA or “with,” “due to,” “secondary to,” “associated with,” residual deficits or disability related to past CVA. Examples: “related to,” etc. Examples: . Admit from emergency department to intensive care o Acute ischemic cerebrovascular accident due to unit for acute cerebrovascular accident. bilateral carotid artery atherosclerosis . Referral to ABC provider for physical therapy o Acute right ischemic cerebral infarction with evaluation and treatment of residual right-sided associated left hemiplegia hemiparesis, due to past CVA.” o Facial droop related to past hemorrhagic stroke that occurred six months ago Page 3 of 7 LC13304ALL0821-B GNHJEKCEN Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ICD-10-CM Best documentation practices for physicians Electronic health record (EHR) issues b) it must classify in ICD-10-CM to the EMR-inserted Other and unspecified codes with descriptions: diagnosis code with description. Some electronic health records (EHRs) insert ICD-10-CM codes with corresponding descriptions into the Note: ICD-10-CM is a statistical classification; it is not a assessment section of the office note in place of a substitute for a provider’s final diagnostic statement. It is provider-stated final diagnosis. For example: the provider’s responsibility to provide legible, clear, concise, and complete documentation of each final “I63.89 Other cerebral infarction” diagnosis described to the highest level of specificity, “I63.9 Cerebral infarction, unspecified” which is then translated to a code for reporting purposes. These are vague descriptions and incomplete diagnoses. It is not appropriate for providers to simply list a code . Codes titled “other” or “other specified” are for use number or select a code number from a list of codes in when the medical record provides a specific diagnosis place of a written final diagnosis. description
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