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Mobilité Et Conflit Dans Le Liptako-Gourma

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Mobilité Et Conflit Dans Le Liptako-Gourma MARS 2020 Mobilité et conflit dans le Liptako-Gourma Conflict Research Unit at Clingendael Par Rida Lyammouri DISCLAIMER Cette publication a été réalisée avec le soutien financier de l’Union européenne. Son contenu relève de la seule responsabilité de Clingendael et ne reflète pas néces- sairement les points de vue de l’Union européenne. Ce rapport a été traduit de l’anglais vers le français. L’exactitude de certaines analyses a pu s’en trouver modifiée. Merci d’adresser vos questions à l’auteur, Rida Lyammouri, à [email protected]. Sommaire REMERCIEMENTS ..................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 RÉSUMÉ EXÉCUTIF ...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 2 L’IMPACT DES CONFLITS SUR LES SCHÉMAS DE MOBILITÉ ........................ 2 VULNÉRABILITÉ DES MIGRANTS AUX ABUS DES ACTEURS ÉTATIQUES ET NON ÉTATIQUES (ARMÉS) ....................................... 4 ACCÈS AUX POPULATIONS VULNÉRABLES DU LIPTAKO-GOURMA ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 6 CONCLUSION ET RECOMMANDATIONS ...................................................................................................................................... 7 ACRONYMES .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 10 TABLEAUX ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 CHIFFRES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 11 CARTES .......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 ENCADRÉS ......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 11 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 12 CONTEXTE .............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................. 12 OBJECTIF DE L’ÉTUDE ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 15 MÉTHODOLOGIE ET CONCEPTS-CLÉS ........................................................................................................................................... 15 STRUCTURE DU RAPPORT .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 17 2. L’IMPACT DU CONFLIT SUR LA MOBILITÉ ........................................... 18 MOBILITÉ DANS LE LIPTAKO-GOURMA – UN APERÇU .................................................... 18 EFFET DU CONFLIT SUR LES ROUTES DE MIGRATION ..................................................... 26 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 3. VULNÉRABILITÉ DES MIGRANTS AUX ABUS DES ACTEURS ÉTATIQUES ET NON ÉTATIQUES (ARMÉS) .............. 35 LES INCIDENTS DE PROTECTION ET LEURS AUTEURS – UN APERÇU ........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 36 TRAFIC ILLICITE D’ÊTRES HUMAINS ................................................................................................................................................... 36 IMPLICATION DES ACTEURS ARMÉS NON ÉTATIQUES .................................................... 39 IMPLICATION DES FORCES DE SÉCURITÉ ......................................................................................................................... 40 XÉNOPHOBIE ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 42 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 45 4. ACCÈS AUX POPULATIONS VULNÉRABLES DU LIPTAKO-GOURMA .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 46 ACCÈS AUX POPULATIONS VULNÉRABLES DU LIPTAKO-GOURMA - UN APERÇU ................................................................................................................................................ 46 PRINCIPAUX OBSTACLES À L’ACCÈS ...................................................................................................................................................... 48 CONCLUSION ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................... 53 5. CONCLUSIONS ET RECOMMANDATIONS ................................................... 54 RECOMMANDATIONS POUR ATTÉNUER L’IMPACT DES CONFLITS SUR LA MOBILITÉ ................................................................................................................................................................... 54 RECOMMANDATIONS POUR REMÉDIER À LA VULNÉRABILITÉ DES MIGRANTS AUX ABUS ............................................................................. 56 RECOMMANDATIONS POUR AMÉLIORER L’ACCÈS AUX POPULATIONS VULNÉRABLES ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 NOTES ................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 63 REMERCIEMENTS Ce rapport n’aurait pas pu être réalisé sans l’aide d’un certain nombre de personnes qui ont gracieusement partagé leur temps, leur expertise et leurs réseaux. Ce projet a été commandé et financé par le Fonds fiduciaire de l’Union européenne (EUTF), et il a été développé en collaboration avec la Global Initiative against Transnational Organized Crime (GI). Les opin- ions exprimées et les informations contenues dans ce document sont la responsabilité de l’auteur et ne reflètent pas nécessairement l’opinion de l’Union européenne. Merci aux parties prenantes de la Commis- sion européenne pour leur facilitation, leurs conseils et leur soutien. Je tiens à remercier toutes les personnes dont l’aide a constitué une étape importante dans la réalisation de ce projet. Je n’aurais pas pu écrire cette étude sans l’aide de l’équipe de mon unité de Conflict Research Unit (CRU). Je souhaite tout d’abord exprimer ma plus profonde gratitude au Dr Fransje Molenaar et à Mariska
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