RAPID ASSESSMENT FOR MARKET REPORT ( Island, , Typhoon Haiyan November 2013)

Report Author: Ma. Rowena D. Balino Position/ Job Title: DME Team Leader/ RAM Focal Person RAM team members and positions: Christopher Leones, Monitoring & Evaluation Specialist Visminda D. Cabasan, DME Specialist

Report date: 29 November 2013 Agency World Vision

Section 1: Shock and needs analysis summary

Type(s) of shock: Typhoon Haiyan/Yolanda Date(s) of shock(s): November 8, 2013

Date of RAM assessment: November 23-27, 2013

Affected areas assessed: Panay Island: , , , Areas covered by World Vision Total population in affected area: 315,237 households or 2,309,292 total population (Number of households and people) Affected population within affected area: 299,387 households or 1,453,325 total population 28,167 World Vision registered families or 140,835 population (Number of households and people) Average Household size: 5 (National Statistics Coordination Board) (Source of information) Location of affected population: Some are internally displaced, others have returned to their homes in the provinces of Iloilo, Capiz, Aklan, Antique (IDP/ stationary in homes etc…) Markets assessed: Iloilo: , Estancia, Capiz: Roxas City, Aklan: Batan, , Antique: , Laua-an, Barbasa (Areas selected are within World Vision covered areas, based on Purposive Sampling) Number of traders (wholesalers and retailers) 4 Regional Wholesalers (Iloilo City) and market representatives included in 23 Wholesalers assessment: 65 Retailers 8 Households for Key Informant Interview 21 Households for 2 Focus Group Discussions

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines Commodity type(s), volume(s) and duration Rice requested by shock-affected population Canned sardines (quantity, frequency and duration and any quality Laundry soap specifications if necessary) GI Sheets

Commodity Quantity Frequency Duration Specification Rice Kilogram Daily 2 weeks White Rice Canned Sardines Can Daily 2 weeks 155 grams/5 ounces Laundry Soap Bar (4 cuts) Daily 2 weeks 400 grams GI Sheets Sheet Once Max 15 years Gauge 26

Scope of Assessment: The assessment focused only on four commodities – two for food, one for shelter and one for hygiene. The specific commodities whose markets were assessed are rice, canned sardines, laundry soap and GI sheets. These are selected based on the order of importance. Rice and canned sardines are the most feasible food since the affected areas experienced damaged rice paddies, uprooted fruit trees, vegetable gardens, livestock and source of sea food (especially for Estancia, Iloilo because of the oil spill). Laundry soap is seen as a key commodity for hygiene because of its “all around use” as bath soap and shampoo substitute as well as for washing dishes and clothes. Almost all of the houses in the affected areas have torn roofs, hence the GI sheet is in high demand. The assessment was conducted in World Vision areas in the island of Panay. This covers the four provinces of Aklan, Antique, Capiz, and Iloilo with 27 municipalities, 1 city, and 162 barangays. Through purposive sampling, from the four provinces, the markets of affected areas at the municipality levels were assessed using Key Informant Interviews with the wholesalers and retailers. The team also conducted Key Informant Interviews at the regional level markets in Iloilo City. These markets are supply to the provincial markets who consequently supply to the city and municipal markets.

In this assessment, Iloilo City and Iloilo province are treated separately. Ilolilo City is the hub of trade and commerce for the whole Panay Island. While Iloilo, is the province where the affected World Vision areas are located. Time and manpower constraints influenced the decision to use Purposive Sampling. Table 1. Areas for provincial and municipal data gathering Province Municipality Level Markets (KII Level with wholesalers and retailers) (KII and FGD with affected households, Ocular Survey) Aklan Altavas Linayasan and Cabangila Batan Angas Antique Bugasong Bagtason Laua-an Guisijan and Lindero Capiz President Roxas Badiangon Panit-an (none) Iloilo* Estancia Botongon Barotac Viejo San Antonio * This refers to Iloilo province.

2 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision Section 2: Market Mapping

2.1 Market maps, geographical location of markets to shock-affected population The diagram below illustrates the location of local and influential markets within, and close to the affected area, and their geographic proximity to the shock-affected population. 2.1.1 Production and Market Flow Map for Rice

MAP LEGEND Retail Rice fields Wholesale Functioning Market Municipal/City coverage Partially Functioning Market Provincial coverage Non-functioning Market Regional coverage Flow of rice during harvest Rice suppliers during lean months Flow of NFA rice during lean months

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines 2.1.2 Production and Market Flow Map for Canned Sardines and Laundry Soap

MAP LEGEND Retail Flow of goods from /NCR Wholesale Functioning Market Municipal/City coverage Partially Functioning Market 4 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Provincial coverage TyphoonNon-functioning Haiyan “Yolanda” Market Emergency Response Regional coverage Flow of goods to the provinces World Vision 2.1.3 Production and Market Flow Map for Galvanised Iron (GI) sheet

MAP LEGEND Retail Flow of goods from Manila/NCR Wholesale Functioning Market Municipal/City coverage Partially Functioning Market ProvincialRapid coverage Assessment for Markets in World VisionNon covered-functioning areas in Market Panay Island, Philippines Regional coverage Flow of goods to the provinces 2.1.4 Summary of the Market Flow Maps

All the prices of the four commodities namely rice, canned sardines, laundry soap, and GI sheets increased after the shock. Generally, supplies are still available, except that during the first few days after the shock, because of obstructions in transportation and cancelled shipping schedules the flow of supplies temporarily stopped. However, in a week’s time, the flow of these particular commodities to the retailers down to the barangay level went back to normal. It is noteworthy that markets in the municipalities of Ajuy, Concepcion, Sara, and Estancia for the GI sheets, canned sardines, and laundry soap have partially functioning markets as of writing. Among the four commodities, the GI sheets is the only one with Iloilo City as the source, where the shipping from NCR (National Capital Region) arrives.

6 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision 2.2 Commodity market maps

The commodity market maps below illustrate the movements of key commodities to the markets near the affected populations – from wholesaler to trader and finally to consumer.

2.2.1 Market System Map for Rice (baseline map)

2.2.2 Market System Map for Rice after the shock (shock map)

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines 2.2.3 Market System Map for Canned Sardines and Laundry Soap (baseline map)

8 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision 2.2.4 Market System Map for Canned Sardines and Laundry Soap after the shock (shock map)

2.2.5 Market System Map for GI Sheets (baseline map)

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines 2.2.6 Market System map for GI Sheets after the shock (shock map)

Section 3: Market maps and trader analysis

After reviewing the maps (above) and information collected using the RAM tools, the following conclusions can be made:

1. The impact of the shock on physical access of the affected population to their markets. (Outline the impact of the shock on market access – what has changed in consumer and trader behaviour? Are such changes long term?)

Market access has been negatively affected right after the shock and for more than a week because of road obstructions brought about by debris from massive fallen trees, electric posts and wires. The most common damage in dwellings and buildings are blown away roofing broken walls that include warehouses and marketplaces. Some shopping stalls in President Roxas, Capiz and Estancia, Iloilo Public Markets were still closed during the data gathering. There are a number of traders in Barotac Viejo, Iloilo who have not yet resumed to their usual business activities. The common preoccupation of businessmen and traders are cleaning up and repairing their business establishments.

10 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision It was observed that the demand was unusually low after the shock, especially in affected areas. People buying for their needs from the market have significantly decreased. This was because of the bulk of relief goods received by the affected families from the aid agencies.

Based on the first hand information gathered by the team, it can be projected that the marketplaces, accessibility and supply can resume between a month or two. For the consumer behaviour, it is foreseen that when the distributed relief goods are consumed, demand will dramatically increase in all affected areas in Panay Island. This can happen in a month’s time.

2. Affected household purchasing power/ demand and changes in consumer behaviour. (Does the shock-affected population have the financial means to purchase the food and non-food commodities they need? If so, what percentage/ proportion of their needs can they meet themselves? Relate to information collected in Step 1 of the RAM)

After the shock, affected families could hardly purchase by themselves even 25% of the basic needs such as food, including safe drinking water, clothing, supplies for school-age children, and building materials to repair their houses. There has been an average of 45% decrease of the number of people coming to the marketplace. This is an indication of a decreased financial capacity to purchase the food and non-food commodities they need. Most of the shock-affected population are dependent on farming, fishing, gardening, and vending.

71% of the people get cash through banks, remittance centers, and mobile phone cash transfers. But these are accessed only by families who have relatives outside the country or those who have regular source of income. Families’ purchasing power may improve in the long term because their sources of livelihood need around three to four months to recover.

3. The impact of the shock on the supply chain of food and non-food commodities required by the affected population. (Using data from Steps 1 and 2 of the RAM, outline in what way the supply chain has been affected by the shock. Outline any changes in consumer or trader behaviour as a consequence?)

Right after the shock, the flow of rice, canned sardines, laundry soap, and GI sheets were stopped because of transport barriers, however recently, these returned to normal. What is noteworthy is the significant increase in prices on these commodities against the loss of income source for the affected families.

Among four commodities, rice has the most stable supply because Panay Island itself is the second biggest rice producer in the country. The supply of canned sardines and laundry soap enter the island both through Roxas City of Capiz and Iloilo City that serves as the island’s hub of trade and commerce. GI sheets are transported from Manila, the country’s manufacturing center to Iloilo City only, unlike canned sardines and laundry soap that have two ports of entry – Iloilo City and Roxas City. As of writing, the flow of supply of the four commodities to the affected areas continues. Wholesalers and retailers expressed that they have to effect increase in prices of these commodities as they purchased the goods at a higher price as and costlier shipping and hauling as a consequence of the shock.

The relief goods distributed by various agencies, including World Vision provided the households’ needs momentarily. Further, this contributed to the decrease on the demand for rice, canned sardines, and laundry soap. Only the demand for the GI sheets significantly increased as the people start to rebuild or repair their houses.

However, it is foreseen that the demand for the first three commodities will again increase once the relief goods are consumed utmost in a month’s time. It is also foreseen that the demand for GI sheets will continue to increase.

4. The capacity of retailers and wholesalers to increase their supply to meet increased demand for food and non- food commodities and related price implications (if any). (Reflecting on Step 2 of the RAM and the key commodities requested by the shock-affected population, reflect on whether or not traders in markets will be in a position to respond to a demand. If there are any implications for price changes, please outline what they are and what the

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines consequences would be of such changes. Be mindful of wholesaler capacity, transport, warehousing and credit issues that may need addressing to enable this.)

Among the four commodities, three are considered to maintain the same volume of demand as during ‘normal’ times. These are – rice, canned sardines, and laundry soap. This is expected to be so as the affected families will recover back to their usual condition. However, GI sheet’s demand will continue to increase as more people will be repairing and or rebuilding their houses. This may last for a year or so.

Three out of four wholesalers at the municipal levels have their own storage facilities within their shops. For the GI sheets three out of four wholesalers were able to increase their stocks. For the three other commodities, the same number of wholesalers maintained the same volume of stocks. Given the data from the respondent wholesalers and retailers, they were able to accommodate the increase of demand on all four commodities. However, we cannot overlook the price increase on all the commodities.

5. Changes in the types (quality) and quantities of commodities demanded by traders and households (if any). (If the shock has affected household and trader preference for certain commodities – in terms of quality, volume and frequency, outline this here.)

There had been and will be certain phases after the shock that entail changes in the types and quantities demanded by households with respect to the four commodities that will in turn determine the demands of the traders.

Table 2. Changes of demands in quality and quantity for traders and households.

Month 1 Commodity Changes of demands in quality and quantity Traders Households Rice Increased stocks, increased sales mostly to Decreased demand to buy because of relief aid agencies who provide Relief Goods assistance Canned Sardines Increased stocks, increased sales mostly to Decreased demand to buy because of relief aid agencies who provide Relief Goods assistance Laundry Soap Increased stocks, increased sales mostly to Decreased demand to buy because of relief aid agencies who provide Relief Goods assistance GI Sheets Stopped or decreased shipment from Left with the only option to buy GI sheets for manufacturers because of freight roofing because source of alternative roofing obstructions (Palm Shingles and Cogon Grass) are not available Month 2 to approximately Month 6 Commodity Changes of demands quality and quantities Traders Households Rice Decreased sales from aid agencies. Normal May opt to purchase cheaper varieties of trend of sales may resume rice because of decreased purchasing power. Volume of purchase may decrease. Canned Sardines Decreased sales from aid agencies. Normal May opt to purchase other viands for trend of sales may resume variety. Volume of purchase may decrease. Laundry Soap Decreased sales from aid agencies. Normal Volume of purchase may be the same as trend of sales may resume before the shock GI Sheets Increased stocks to accommodate Continuing increase of demand. increased demand from households

6. The impact of the shock on prices of the food and non-food commodities. (Reviewing price data (secondary and primary), outline the impact of the shock on prices and the consequences of such changes.)

12 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision Prices with the wholesalers increased for two commodities - rice and GI sheets. Prices with the retailers increased for all four commodities – rice, canned sardines, laundry soap and GI sheets. These price increases are triggered by the increase in demand for all these commodities.

7. Opportunities for market based interventions to support market rehabilitation. (Reflecting on the market mapping exercises and interviews with traders, what interventions could support trader capacity to increase supply, when they would be required and for how long?)

Table 3. Opportunities for market interventions Interventions to support trader capacity to increase Required when? For how long? supply 1. Government to enforce price control of fuels Right after the shock Six months to one year 2. Restoration of communication facilities Right after the shock When the communication facilities are restored 3. Restoration of electricity Right after the shock Until electricity flows back to the barangay level 4. Provision of tax-free storage facilities to enable local At the onset of the Until normal conditions traders to accommodate increasing stocks. This comes implementation of CTP resume with a formal agreement with implication to price regulation of commodities. 5. Local Government Units to facilitate dialogues and At the onset of the Until normal conditions formal agreements with traders. (An option is through implementation of CTP resume the Chambers of Commerce).

8. Market related considerations that urgently require attention or further analysis (using the MAG or the RAM Monitoring Tool 13, 14 and 15) should any programming / advocacy take place. (This can include concerns regarding issues of trader or beneficiary security, diversion, government policy, high levels of beneficiary or trader debt, wholesaler monopoly etc…)

8.1 Regular monitoring of commodities through the Department of Trade and Industry and the Local Government Units to ensure that traders do not take advantage of the prices 8.2 Urgent repair of roads to facilitate easy access of goods and services to the market and to the households 8.3 Learn from the government’s 4Ps (Panatawid Pamilyang Pilipino Programme), the conditional cash transfer programme of the government in exploring options to increase the purchasing capacity of the households. 8.4 Pre-positioning of good that respond to the basic needs of affected households like food, water, medicines, clothing, and even communication facilities, in secure evacuation places need to be initiated by the provincial, municipal or city and barangay DRRMC. 8.5 For World Vision, preposition of goods should be done in every field office or ADP cluster/zone and may be hauled to the possible affected area where there are forecasted typhoon or calamity as soon as possible.

9. Assumptions, difficulties and challenges faced in the assessment that users of RAM Report must be aware of. (This can include assumptions made in the data collection and analysis and reflections of data reliability.)

9.1 Inadequate number of manpower and limited time to conduct the assessment. The scope of the process is the whole Panay Island. Since it covers four provinces, it requires a bigger number of staff to do the assessment. 9.2 Lack of key informants to provide significant information – most of the government officials identified as key informants were occupied with other equally important tasks in their respective areas. This prevented them to provide relevant information needed for the study. 9.3 Lack of accurate, updated, and disaggregated data from the municipal, provincial and regional levels of line agencies and key offices, like DSWD, LGU, NFA

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines 9.4 There are certain information required in the report however, could not be addressed by the data collected using the tools. These are elaborated in the recommended improvements, included in the Appendices.

10. Implementation experience in the area and related lessons learned, and activities planned or being implemented by other agencies.

(Applying lessons learned from past emergency programmes can benefit future interventions and influence decisions. If any information is available from secondary data reviews etc., then this should be included here. Knowing what other agencies are planning on doing can also influence decision makers, especially when there cash programmes or market support interventions are planned.) 10.1 Implementation Experience 10.1.1 The team visited the PDRRMC hub at the Capiz Capitol to coordinate with the other aid agencies if they are conducting RAM, the covered areas for assessment and the particular commodities. 10.1.2 The pre-field visit at the island’s commercial hub, Iloilo City was done. Key Informant Interviews were conducted with the suppliers for the four provinces. The Regional NFA Office, regional suppliers of the four commodities were visited such as rice, bottled water, hygiene kits, and GI sheets. At that point, it was not yet decided that the second commodity was canned sardines until the team received an advise from the zonal manager that the bottled water would be replaced with canned sardines. At that stage, the team understood the flow of goods enter the island through Iloilo City, except for rice and laundry soap and canned sardines which also enter through Roxas City. 10.1.3 The team spent at a day studying and preparing for the data gathering. 10.1.4 The team organised and divided the available manpower to be assigned to particular areas, because of shortage of manpower, one staff was assigned for every province. 10.1.5 The team provided orientation on RAM to data gatherers and lead them to go over the tool item by item, clarifying points, contextualising approach and planning on how to use each tool was done before the actual data gathering. Since they are all experienced community workers (from Community Enterprise Ventures) who are experienced with conducting interviews, it was needless to train them. 10.1.6 All logistical preparations were included in all the steps like the data gatherers’ transportation, meal allowances, lodging allowances, supplies, printed questionnaires, pens, letter of requests addressed to Key Informants signed by the team leader and other materials. Contact numbers were also exchanged between and among team members and data gatherers for ease of communication of queries and concerns. 10.1.7 Schedules, dates time and venue were finalised and agreed upon before going to the field. 10.1.8 The data gatherers conducted Key Informant Interviews to wholesalers, retailers, representatives of relevant agencies, and elected officials at the barangay levels. They used Tools number 3, 8, 13 and 14. 10.1.9 RAM Team members conducted Key Informant Interviews to households formulating questions lifted from the various tools but gauging the side of the household, complementing the information collected by the data gatherers which are more on the wholesalers, retailers, government officials and agency representatives. 10.1.10 A Data Entry Sheet was designed to facilitate consolidation and analysis. The filled-up form is attached in this document as an appendix. 10.1.11 The RAM Team and the data gatherers went over through the filled-in Data Entry Sheets to validate, correct, and clarify data. It was also a time for analysis through brainstorming, and putting information together to be able to come up with the conclusions, sharing of lessons learned recommendations. 10.1.12 It was found out that the required information in the report, are not met by the data generated from the tools.

14 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision 10.2 Lessons learned Table 4. Lessons Learned Implementation Lessons learned Experience No. 10.1.1 Coordination with aid agencies with similar and or complementary services is quite helpful as it will prevent duplication, promote complementation, maximise resources, and promote quality programming 10.1.2 It is beneficial to be able to have a regional or island-wide perspective on the flow of the commodities before proceeding to the municipal or city and barangay level, because most of the goods flow from commerce and trade hubs to the households. 10.1.3 There is no substitute for preparation and this is very much applicable to conducting a new tool like RAM 10.1.4 When manpower is limited, the best approach for data gathering that covers a big area is Purposive Sampling to ensure coverage and representation. 10.1.5 & 10.1.8 & Data gatherers need to familiarise the tool well for her/him to ask the questions well and be able 10.1.9 to strategise in terms on how to probe or ask follow-up questions. 10.1.6 & 10.1.7 Coordination is a continuing process, even during fieldwork, it is very much needed. 10.1.12 Aside from studying the tools, it would be quite helpful for the RAM Team to focus on the information required by the report for them to be able to formulate the most appropriate tools that would meet the information requirement of the report

10.3 Activities planned or being implemented by other agencies 10.2.1 RAM is also conducted by other agencies in Panay Island, but they have different focus on commodities and areas. Table 5. Other agencies on RAM Aid Agency Area Commodity Schedule ACF (Action Contre la Estancia, Iloilo Food Last week of November Faim) Batan, Aklan 2013 San Dionisio, Iloilo Save the Children unconfirmed unconfirmed unconfirmed Goal unconfirmed unconfirmed unconfirmed IRC Estancia, Iloilo Shelter Batan, Aklan San Dionisio, Iloilo Sara, Iloilo Maayon, Capiz

Section 4: Conclusions

Table 6. Summary of the markets analysed and the potential response options for consideration during response analysis.

Rapid Assessment for Markets in World Vision covered areas in Panay Island, Philippines Section 4: Appendices

Appendix 1. RAM Covered Areas

RAM covered areas.zip

Appendix 2. RAM Data Entry

RAM data entry sheet.zip

Appendix 3. Conclusion Table

conclusion table ram panay island.zip

16 Rapid Assessment for Markets (RAM) in Panay Island, Philippines Typhoon Haiyan “Yolanda” Emergency Response World Vision