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Buku Perkuliahan Psikologi Belajar

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Buku Perkuliahan Psikologi Belajar BUKU PERKULIAHAN PSIKOLOGI BELAJAR RIZMA FITHRI, S.Psi, M. Si PRODI PSIKOLOGI FAKULTAS DAKWAH DAN ILMU KOMUNIKASI UIN SUNAN AMPEL SURABAYA i PRAKATA Alhamdulillah puji syukur ke Hadirat Allah SWT atas selesainya buku perkuliahan Psikologi Belajar. Buku ini disusun untuk memenuhi kebutuhan bahan pustaka psikologi belajar yang selama ini dirasa cukup kurang. Penulisan buku ini dibiayai oleh IDB sebagai implementasi peningkatan mutu pembelajaran di lingkungan UIN Sunan Ampel Surabaya. Buku ini diharapkan dapat membantu mahasiswa peserta mata kuliah psikologi belajar untuk lebih mudah memahami teori-teori pskologi belajar, mulai dari teori belajar behavioristik, kognitif, humanistik dan konstruktifism. Selain itu juga diharapkan mahasiswa mampu mengaplikasikan teori- teori belajar dalam situasi belajar dan mengajar yang sesungguhnya. Buku ini akan banyak membantu mahasiswa yang tertarik dengan masalah belajar dan pembelajaran. Akhir kata, semoga buku perkuliahan ini bermanfaat untuk seluruh mahasiswa yang berminat terhadap psikologi belajar khususnya dan psikologi pendidikan pada umumnya. Surabaya, Desember 2014 Penulis Rizma Fithri, S. Psi, M. Si ii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id DAFTAR ISI PENDAHULU Halaman Judul i Prakata ii Daftar Isi iii Satuan Acara Perkuliahan iv ISI PAKET Paket 1 : Pengertian Psikologi Belajar 1 Paket 2 : Teori Koneksionisme 2 Paket 3 : Teori Behaviorisme : Classical Conditioning Ivan Pavlov, Cotiguous 35 Conditioning Edwin Ray Guthrie Paket 4 : Teori Behaviorisme : Deduktif Hipotetik Clark L Hull, Operant 59 Conditioning B. F. Skinner Paket 5 : Teori Kognitif : Gestalt – Jean Piaget 75 Paket 6 : Teori Kognitif : Pemrosesan Informasi 87 Paket 7 : Teori Belajar Sosial Albert Bandura 101 Paket 8 : Teori Belajar Kontruktivism Vygotsky 111 Paket 9 : Belajar Verbal 119 Paket 10 : Transfer Belajar 129 Paket 11 : Motivasi dalam Belajar 139 PENUTUP Sistem Evaluasi dan Penilaian 155 Daftar Pustaka 156 Curriculum Vitae Penulis 156 iii digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id SATUAN ACARA PERKULIAHAN A. Identitas Nama Mata Kuliah : Psikologi Belajar Jurusan/Program Studi : Psikologi Bobot : 3 SKS Waktu : 3 X 50 menit Kelompok Mata Kuliah : B. Deskripsi Matakuliah ini akan membekali mahasiswa untuk Mampu memahami pengertian, ruang lingkup, dan pendekatan dalam psikologi belajar, Mampu memahami teori-teori psikologi belajar, Mampu memahami implikasi teori belajar dalam pendidikan, Mampu menerapkan teori-teori psikologi belajar sebagai referensi analisis perilaku manusia C. Urgensi Matakuli ah ini adalah matakuliah dasar untuk memahami dan mengaplikasikan teori-teori psikologi dalam pendidikan baik pendidikan formal ataupun nonformal. D. Kompetensi Dasar, Indikator dan Materi No KD Indikator Materi 1 Menjelaskan Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan 1. Pengertian psikologi pengertian 1. Pengertian psikologi belajar belajar psikologi belajar, 2. Jenis-jenis belajar 2. Jenis-jenis belajar jenis-jenis belajar, 3. Pendekatan dalam belajar 3. Pendekatan dalam belajar dan hasil-hasil 4. Hasil-hasil penelitian dalam 4. Hasil-hasil penelitian penelitian dalam belajar dalam belajar belajar 2 Menjelaskan teori- Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan Teori belajar koneksionisme : teori dalam belajar dan mengklasifikasi serta dan mengimplementasikan teori dalam Edward Lee Thorndike implementasinya proses belajar mengajar: dalam proses Koneksionisme : Edward Lee belajar mengajar Thorndike iv digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 3 Menjelaskan teori- Menjelaskan teori-teori dalam Teori belajar klasikal teori dalam belajar belajar dan implementasinya konditioning ; dan dalam proses belajar mengajar ; 1. Ivan pavlov; implementasinya Teori belajar klasikal konditioning 2. Edwin Ray Guthrie dalam proses ; Ivan pavlov; Edwin Ray Guthrie belajar mengajar 4 Menjelaskan teori- Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan 1. Teori belajar operant : BF. teori dalam belajar dan mengklasifikasi serta Skinner dan mengimplementasikan teori dalam 2. Teori behaviorisme deduktif implementasinya proses belajar mengajar ; hipotetik Clark L. Hull dalam proses Teori belajar operant : BF. belajar mengajar Skinner. Teori Behaviorisme Deduktif Hipotetik Clark L. Hull 5 Menjelaskan teori- Menjelaskan teori-teori dalam Teori belajar kognitif teori dalam belajar belajar dan implementasinya 1. Gestalt ; dan dalam proses belajar mengajar 2. Jean Piaget implementasinya Teori belajar kognitif ; Gestalt ; dalam proses Jean Piaget belajar mengajar 6 Menjelaskan teori- Menjelaskan teori-teori dalam Teori kognitif ; teori dalam belajar belajar dan implementasinya 1. Edward Chace Tolman; dan dalam proses belajar mengajar ; 2. teori pemrosesan informasi implementasinya Teori kognitif ; Edward Chace dalam proses Tolman; teori pemrosesan belajar mengajar informasi 7 Menjelaskan teori- Menjelaskan teori-teori dalam Teori belajar sosial; Albert teori dalam belajar belajar dan implementasinya Bandura dan dalam proses belajar mengajar ; implementasinya Teori belajar sosial; Albert dalam proses Bandura belajar mengajar 8 Menjelaskan teori- Menjelaskan teori-teori dalam Vygotsky’s sociocultural teori dalam belajar belajar dan implementasinya theory dan dalam proses belajar mengajar ; implementasinya teori konstruktivisme dalam proses belajar mengajar v digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 9 Menjelaskan Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan Konten area dalam belajar; proses belajar dan mengklasifikasikan pemerolehan ketrampilan, verbal 1. proses pemerolehan ketrampilan bahasa, Reading, writing, dan dalam belajar mathematics 2. proses pemerolehan bahasa secara komprehensif 3. Konten area dalam belajar seperti reading, writing, dan mathematics 10 Menjelaskan Mahasiswa mampu Pengertian dan proses Transfer transfer belajar mendeskripsikan: belajar 1. 11 Menjelaskan Mahasiswa mampu menjelaskan Pengertian motivasi dan teori Motivasi dan teori dan membandingkan motivasi ; teori dorongan, dan motivasi dalam 1. Pengertian motivasi Teori Humanistik proses belajar 2. Teori-teori motivasi dalam mengajar belajar 3. Motivasi berprestasi 4. Teori atribusi vi digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id Paket 1 PENGERTIAN PSIKOLOGI BELAJAR Pendahuluan Paket ini akan membicarakan tentang pengertian psikologi belajar yang meliputi materi pengertian/definisi psikologi belajar, jenis-jenis belajar, pendekatan atau teori-teori dalam belajar dan hasil-hasil penelitian dalam belajar. Paket ini akan memberikan pengetahuan dasar mengenaii bagaimana manusia belajar untuk memperoleh pengetahuan dan ketrampilan baru yang akan dibicarakan dalam paket-paket berikutnya. Dalam paket ini mahasiswa akan mengkaji pengertian/definisi psikologi belajar supaya dapat membedakan perilaku sebagai hasil belajar/bukan. Setelah itu mahasiswa akan mengkaji bgaimana proses belajar dilakukan melalui jenis-jenis belajar dan pendekatannya. Selain itu mahasiswa juga akan mempelajari psikologi belajar melalui hasil-hasil penelitian. Sebelum perkuliahan berlangsung, dosen akan memberikan pengantar mengenai materi yang akan dibicarakan dalam psikologi belajar dan memberikan tugas untuk pendalaman materi. Perkuliahan pada paket ini membutuhkan LCD dan laptop untuk mempresentasikan slide materi, kertas plano, spidol, isolasi dan kertas post it untuk latihan tugas/pembuatan peta konsep. 1 digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 2 Rencana Pelaksanaan Perkuliahan Kompetensi Dasar Menjelaskan pengertian psikologi belajar, jenis-jenis belajar, pendekatan dalam psikologi belajar dan hasil-hasil penelitian dalam belajar. Indikator Pada akhir perkuliahan mahasiswa diharapkan mampu : 1. Menjelaskan Pengertian psikologi belajar 2. Mengkategorikan Jenis-jenis belajar 3. Menerangkan Pendekatan dalam belajar 4. Mencontohkan Hasil-hasil penelitian dalam belajar Waktu 3x50 menit Materi pokok 1. Pengertian psikologi belajar 2. Jenis-jenis belajar 3. Pendekatan dalam belajar 4. Hasil-hasil penelitian dalam belajar Kegiatan Perkuliahan Kegiatan Awal (15 menit) 1. Brainstorming mengenai psikologi belajar dengan cara mencari contoh- contoh perilaku yang disebut hasil belajar. 2. Penjelasan tentang psikologi belajar Kegiatan Inti (115 menit) 1. Membagi mahasiswa kedalam 4 kelompok 2. Masing-masing kelompok mendiskusikan sub tema : Kelompok 1 : pengertian psikologi belajar Kelompok 2 : jenis-jenis belajar Kelompok 3 : pendekatan dalam belajar Kelompok 4 : hasil-hasil penelitian dalam belajar 3. Presentasi hasil diskusi masing-masing kelompok digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id digilib.uinsby.ac.id 3 4. Klarifikasi kelompok lain terhadap presentasi masing-masing kelompok 5. Penguatan hasil diskusi oleh dosen 6. Tanya jawab dosen-mahasiswa mengenai materi yang belum difahami Kegiatan Penutup (15 menit) 1. Menyimpulkan hasil perkuliahan 2. Refleksi hasil perkuliahan oleh dosen dan mahasiswa Kegiatan Tindak Lanjut (5 menit) 1. Memberi tugas latihan 2. Mempersiapkan perkuliahan
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