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Neuromedin U Directly Stimulates Growth of Cultured Rat Calvarial Osteoblast-Like Cells Acting Via the NMU Receptor 2 Isoform
363-368 1/8/08 15:53 Page 363 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR MEDICINE 22: 363-368, 2008 363 Neuromedin U directly stimulates growth of cultured rat calvarial osteoblast-like cells acting via the NMU receptor 2 isoform MARCIN RUCINSKI, AGNIESZKA ZIOLKOWSKA, MARIANNA TYCZEWSKA, MARTA SZYSZKA and LUDWIK K. MALENDOWICZ Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 6 Swiecicki St., 60-781 Poznan, Poland Received April 4, 2008; Accepted June 2, 2008 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm_00000031 Abstract. The neuromedin U (NMU) system is composed of nervous system. Among others, peptides involved in regulation NMU, neuromedin S (NMS) and their receptors NMUR1 and of energy homeostasis belong to this group of compounds NMUR2. This system is involved in the regulation of energy (1-3), and the best recognised is leptin, an adipocyte-derived homeostasis, neuroendocrine functions, immune response, anorexigenic hormone, which plays a role in regulating bone circadian rhythm and spermatogenesis. The present study formation. Acting directly this pleiotropic cytokine exerts a aimed to investigate the possible role of the NMU system in stimulatory effect on bone formation. While acting through regulating functions of cultured rat calvarial osteoblast-like the central nervous system (CNS) leptin suppresses bone (ROB) cells. By using QPCR, high expression of NMU formation (4-10). Moreover, OB-Rb mRNA is expressed in mRNA was found in freshly isolated ROB cells while after 7, osteoblasts, and in vitro leptin enhances their proliferation 14, and 21 days of culture, expression of the studied gene and has no effect on osteocalcin and osteopontin production by was very low. -
CURRICULUM VITAE Joseph S. Takahashi Howard Hughes Medical
CURRICULUM VITAE Joseph S. Takahashi Howard Hughes Medical Institute Department of Neuroscience University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd., NA4.118 Dallas, Texas 75390-9111 (214) 648-1876, FAX (214) 648-1801 Email: [email protected] DATE OF BIRTH: December 16, 1951 NATIONALITY: U.S. Citizen by birth EDUCATION: 1981-1983 Pharmacology Research Associate Training Program, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Laboratory of Clinical Sciences and Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 1979-1981 Ph.D., Institute of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon, Dr. Michael Menaker, Advisor. Summer 1977 Hopkins Marine Station, Stanford University, Pacific Grove, California 1975-1979 Department of Zoology, University of Texas, Austin, Texas 1970-1974 B.A. in Biology, Swarthmore College, Swarthmore, Pennsylvania PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE: 2013-present Principal Investigator, Satellite, International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, World Premier International Research Center Initiative, University of Tsukuba, Japan 2009-present Professor and Chair, Department of Neuroscience, UT Southwestern Medical Center 2009-present Loyd B. Sands Distinguished Chair in Neuroscience, UT Southwestern 2009-present Investigator, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, UT Southwestern 2009-present Professor Emeritus of Neurobiology and Physiology, and Walter and Mary Elizabeth Glass Professor Emeritus in the Life Sciences, Northwestern University -
LHRH) Antagonist Cetrorelix and LHRH Agonist Triptorelin on the Gene Expression of Pituitary LHRH Receptors in Rats
Comparison of mechanisms of action of luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) antagonist cetrorelix and LHRH agonist triptorelin on the gene expression of pituitary LHRH receptors in rats Magdolna Kovacs*†‡ and Andrew V. Schally*†§ *Endocrine, Polypeptide, and Cancer Institute, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, New Orleans, LA 70112; and †Section of Experimental Medicine, Department of Medicine, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA 70112 Contributed by Andrew V. Schally, August 21, 2001 The mechanisms through which luteinizing hormone (LH)-releasing however, are different. LHRH agonists achieve the inhibition of hormone (LHRH) antagonists suppress pituitary gonadotroph func- gonadotropin secretion after a period of continuous exposure (1, tions and LHRH-receptor (LHRH-R) expression are incompletely un- 2, 11–14). In contrast, antagonists of LHRH produce a compet- derstood. Consequently, we investigated the direct effect of LHRH itive blockade of LHRH-R and cause an immediate cessation of antagonist cetrorelix in vitro on the expression of the pituitary the release of gonadotropins and sex steroids, reducing the time LHRH-R gene and its ability to counteract the exogenous LHRH and of the onset of therapeutic effects as compared with the agonists the agonist triptorelin in the regulation of this gene. We also com- (1, 2, 15–17). LHRH agonists such as triptorelin, leuprolide, pared the effects of chronic administration of cetrorelix and triptore- buserelin, or goserelin (1, 2, 14) have been used worldwide for lin on the LHRH-R mRNA level and gonadotropin secretion in ovari- nearly two decades, but LHRH antagonists such as cetrorelix, ectomized (OVX) and normal female rats. The exposure of pituitary ganirelix, and Abarelix have been introduced into the clinical cells in vitro to 3-min pulses of 1 nM LHRH or 0.1 nM triptorelin for 5 h practice relatively recently (1, 2, 15, 16). -
Personalized ADT
Personalized ADT Thomas Keane MD Conflicts • Ferring • Tolemar • Bayer • Astellas • myriad Personalized ADT for the Specific Paent • Cardiac • OBesity and testosterone • Fsh • High volume metastac disease • Docetaxol • Significant LUTS Cardiovascular risk profile and ADT Is there a difference? Degarelix Belongs to a class of synthe@c drug, GnRH antagonist (Blocker) GnRH pGlu His Trp Ser Tyr Gly Leu Arg Pro Gly NH2 Leuprolide D-Leu NEt Goserelin D-Ser NH2 LHRH agonists Triptorelin D-Trp NH2 Buserelin D-Ser NEt Degarelix D-NaI D-Cpa D-PaI Aph D-Aph D-Ala NH2 N-Me ABarelix D-NaI D-Cpa D-PaI D-Asn Lys D-Ala NH2 Tyr GnRH antagonists Cetrorelix D-NaI D-Cpa D-PaI D-Cit D-Ala NH2 Ganirelix D-NaI D-CPa D-PaI D-hArg D-hArg D-Ala NH2 Millar RP, et al. Endocr Rev 2004;25:235–75 Most acute CVD events are caused By rupture of a vulnerable atherosclero@c plaque The vulnerable plaque – thin cap with inflammaon Inflammation Plaque instability is at the heart of cardiovascular disease Stable plaque Vulnerable plaque Lumen Lumen Lipid core Lipid core FiBrous cap FiBrous cap Thick Cap Thin Rich in SMC and matrix Composion Rich in inflammatory cells: proteoly@c ac@vity Poor Lipid Rich Inflammatory Inflammatory state Highly inflammatory LiBBy P. Circulaon 1995;91:2844-2850 Incidence of Both prostate cancer and CV events is highest in older men Prostate cancer CV events 3500 3500 Prostate cancer All CV disease Major CV events 3000 3000 2827.1 2500 2500 2338.9 2000 2000 1719.7 1500 1500 1152.6 1008.7 1038.7 1000 1000 641.2 545.2 571.1 Age-specific incidence per 100,000 person-years 500 500 246.9 133.7 4.3 0 0 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 40-49 50-59 60-69 70-79 80-89 90-99 CV, cardiovascular Major CV events = myocardial infarc@on, stroke, or death due to CV disease All CV disease = major CV events + self-reported angina or revascularisaon procedures Driver, et al. -
Different Distribution of Neuromedin S and Its Mrna in the Rat Brain: NMS Peptide Is Present Not Only in the Hypothalamus As the Mrna, but Also in the Brainstem
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE published: 03 December 2012 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00152 Different distribution of neuromedin S and its mRNA in the rat brain: NMS peptide is present not only in the hypothalamus as the mRNA, but also in the brainstem Miwa Mori 1†, Kenji Mori 1†,Takanori Ida2,Takahiro Sato3, Masayasu Kojima3, Mikiya Miyazato1* and Kenji Kangawa1 1 Department of Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research Institute, Osaka, Japan 2 Interdisciplinary Research Organization, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan 3 Molecular Genetics, Institute of Life Sciences, Kurume University, Fukuoka, Japan Edited by: Neuromedin S (NMS) is a neuropeptide identified as another endogenous ligand for two Hubert Vaudry, University of Rouen, orphan G protein-coupled receptors, FM-3/GPR66 and FM-4/TGR-1, which have also been France identified as types 1 and 2 receptors for neuromedin U structurally related to NMS. Although Reviewed by: expression of NMS mRNA is found mainly in the brain, spleen, and testis, the distribution of Etienne Challet, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France its peptide has not yet been investigated. Using a newly prepared antiserum, we developed Manuel Tena-Sempere, University of a highly sensitive radioimmunoassay for rat NMS. NMS peptide was clearly detected in the Cordoba, Spain rat brain at a concentration of 68.3 ± 3.4 fmol/g wet weight, but it was hardly detected in the *Correspondence: spleen and testis. A high content of NMS peptide was found in the hypothalamus, midbrain, Mikiya Miyazato, Department of and pons–medulla oblongata, whereas abundant expression of NMS mRNA was detected Biochemistry, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center Research only in the hypothalamus. -
Neuropeptides Controlling Energy Balance: Orexins and Neuromedins
Neuropeptides Controlling Energy Balance: Orexins and Neuromedins Joshua P. Nixon, Catherine M. Kotz, Colleen M. Novak, Charles J. Billington, and Jennifer A. Teske Contents 1 Brain Orexins and Energy Balance ....................................................... 79 1.1 Orexin............................................................................... 79 2 Orexin and Feeding ....................................................................... 80 3 Orexin and Arousal ....................................................................... 83 J.P. Nixon • J.A. Teske Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service (151), Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Minnesota Obesity Center, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA C.M. Kotz (*) Veterans Affairs Medical Center, GRECC (11 G), Minneapolis, MN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service (151), Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Minnesota Obesity Center, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA e-mail: [email protected] C.M. Novak Department of Biological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, USA C.J. Billington Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Research Service (151), Minneapolis, MN, USA Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Endocrine Unit (111 G), Minneapolis, MN, USA Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA Minnesota Obesity Center, University of Minnesota, 1334 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA H.-G. Joost (ed.), Appetite Control, Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology 209, 77 DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-24716-3_4, # Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2012 78 J.P. Nixon et al. 4 Orexin Actions on Endocrine and Autonomic Systems ................................. 84 5 Orexin, Physical Activity, and Energy Expenditure .................................... -
Neuromedins U and S Involvement in the Regulation of the Hypothalamo–Pituitary–Adrenal Axis
REVIEW ARTICLE published: 05 December 2012 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2012.00156 Neuromedins U and S involvement in the regulation of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis Ludwik K. Malendowicz*, Agnieszka Ziolkowska and Marcin Rucinski Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland Edited by: We reviewed neuromedin U (NMU) and neuromedin S (NMS) involvement in the regulation Hubert Vaudry, University of Rouen, of the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis function. NMU and NMS are structurally France related and highly conserved neuropeptides. They exert biological effects via two GPCR Reviewed by: receptors designated as NMUR1 and NMUR2 which show differential expression. NMUR1 James A. Carr, Texas Tech University, USA is expressed predominantly at the periphery, while NMUR2 in the central nervous system. Gábor B. Makara, Hungarian Elements of the NMU/NMS and their receptors network are also expressed in the HPA Academy of Sciences, Hungary axis and progress in molecular biology techniques provided new information on their *Correspondence: actions within this system. Several lines of evidence suggest that within the HPA axis Ludwik K. Malendowicz, NMU and NMS act at both hypothalamic and adrenal levels. Moreover, new data suggest Department of Histology and Embryology, Poznan University of that NMU and NMS are involved in central and peripheral control of the stress response. Medical Sciences, 6 Swie¸cickiSt., 60-781 Poznan, Poland. Keywords: neuromedin U, neuromedin S, hypothalamus, pituitary, adrenal e-mail: [email protected] INTRODUCTION Identification of specific NMU receptors (NMUR1 and In search for new biologically active peptides, the group of NMUR2) and its anorexigenic action have enhanced interest in Minamino, Kangawa, and Matsuo in the 1980s isolated numerous physiological role of NMU and NMS (Howard et al., 2000; Ida small neuropeptides from porcine spinal cord. -
Roles of Neuropeptides, VIP and AVP, in the Mammalian Central Circadian Clock
fnins-15-650154 April 11, 2021 Time: 10:52 # 1 MINI REVIEW published: 15 April 2021 doi: 10.3389/fnins.2021.650154 Roles of Neuropeptides, VIP and AVP, in the Mammalian Central Circadian Clock Daisuke Ono1,2*, Ken-ichi Honma3 and Sato Honma3* 1 Department of Neuroscience II, Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan, 2 Department of Neural Regulation, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan, 3 Research and Education Center for Brain Science, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan In mammals, the central circadian clock is located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Individual SCN cells exhibit intrinsic oscillations, and their circadian period and robustness are different cell by cell in the absence of cellular coupling, indicating that cellular coupling is important for coherent circadian rhythms in the SCN. Several neuropeptides such as arginine vasopressin (AVP) and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) are expressed in the SCN, where these neuropeptides function as synchronizers and are important for entrainment to environmental light and for determining the circadian period. These neuropeptides are also related to Edited by: developmental changes of the circadian system of the SCN. Transcription factors are Masayuki Ikeda, required for the formation of neuropeptide-related neuronal networks. Although VIP University of Toyama, Japan is critical for synchrony of circadian rhythms in the neonatal SCN, it is not required Reviewed by: Elizabeth S. Maywood, for synchrony in the embryonic SCN. During postnatal development, the clock genes MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology cryptochrome (Cry)1 and Cry2 are involved in the maturation of cellular networks, and (LMB), United Kingdom William David Todd, AVP is involved in SCN networks. -
WO 2009/137104 Al
(12) INTERNATIONAL APPLICATION PUBLISHED UNDER THE PATENT COOPERATION TREATY (PCT) (19) World Intellectual Property Organization International Bureau (10) International Publication Number (43) International Publication Date 12 November 2009 (12.11.2009) WO 2009/137104 Al (51) International Patent Classification: (81) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every A61K 31/137 (2006.01) A61K 31/5685 (2006.01) kind of national protection available): AE, AG, AL, AM, A61K 31/138 (2006.01) A61P 35/00 (2006.01) AO, AT, AU, AZ, BA, BB, BG, BH, BR, BW, BY, BZ, A61K 31/4196 (2006.01) CA, CH, CN, CO, CR, CU, CZ, DE, DK, DM, DO, DZ, EC, EE, EG, ES, FI, GB, GD, GE, GH, GM, GT, HN, (21) International Application Number: HR, HU, ID, IL, IN, IS, JP, KE, KG, KM, KN, KP, KR, PCT/US2009/002885 KZ, LA, LC, LK, LR, LS, LT, LU, LY, MA, MD, ME, (22) International Filing Date: MG, MK, MN, MW, MX, MY, MZ, NA, NG, NI, NO, 7 May 2009 (07.05.2009) NZ, OM, PG, PH, PL, PT, RO, RS, RU, SC, SD, SE, SG, SK, SL, SM, ST, SV, SY, TJ, TM, TN, TR, TT, TZ, UA, (25) Filing Language: English UG, US, UZ, VC, VN, ZA, ZM, ZW. (26) Publication Language: English (84) Designated States (unless otherwise indicated, for every (30) Priority Data: kind of regional protection available): ARIPO (BW, GH, 61/127,025 9 May 2008 (09.05.2008) US GM, KE, LS, MW, MZ, NA, SD, SL, SZ, TZ, UG, ZM, ZW), Eurasian (AM, AZ, BY, KG, KZ, MD, RU, TJ, (71) Applicant (for all designated States except US): RA¬ TM), European (AT, BE, BG, CH, CY, CZ, DE, DK, EE, DIUS HEALTH, INC. -
April 16,2004 Steve E. Phurrough, MD, MPA Office of Clinical Standards & Quality Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services
April 16,2004 Steve E. Phurrough, MD, MPA Office of Clinical Standards & Quality Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services 7500 Security Boulevard Mail Stop C1-09-06 Baltimore, MD 21244-1850 Dear Dr. Phurrough: This is a formal request for a national coverage determination ("NCD") on the use of Plenaxis™ (abarelix for injectable suspension) under the Medicare program. This request is being made pursuant to NCD development Track #1 - Requests for New National Coverage Determinations Initiated by Any Party, Including Beneficiaries, Manufacturers, Providers, or Suppliers. We believe that Plenaxis meets the qualifications for coverage in the Medicare benefit category of "drugs or biologicals," as defined under § 1861(t)(1) of the Social Security Act. Plenaxis (abarelix for injectable suspension) is a synthetic decapeptide with potent antagonistic activity against naturally occurring gonadotropin releasing-hormones (GnRH). It is the only GnRH antagonist ever to have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration ("FDA") as a treatment for prostate cancer. Specifically, Plenaxis was first approved by FDA on November 25, 2003 for the palliative treatment of men with advanced symptomatic prostate cancer, in whom LHRH agonist therapy is not appropriate and who refuse surgical castration, and have one or more of the following: (1) risk of neurological compromise due to metastases, (2) ureteral or bladder outlet obstruction due to local encroachment or metastatic disease, or (3) severe bone pain from skeletal metastases persisting on narcotic analgesia. On March 31, 2004, Plenaxis was approved for inclusion in the United States Pharmacopeia Drug Information.® Enclosed you will find three copies of a two compact disc ("CD") set containing the supporting documentation for this NCD request. -
The Role of the FSH System in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer
· PROSTATE CANCER · The Role of the FSH System in the Development and Progression of Prostate Cancer E. David Crawford, MD, Kyle O. Rove, MD, Andrew V. Schally, PhD, MDhc (Multi), DSc,hc, Ferenc G. Rick, MD, PhD, Norman L. Block, MD, Thomas J.R. Beveridge, PhD, David N. Dahdal, PhD, and Dennis C. Marshall, RN, MS, PhD Abstract the term FSH system to encompass all aspects of FSH, including This article describes relationships between follicle- the synthesis, release, and circulating levels of FSH itself, as well stimulating hormone (FSH), vascular endothelial growth as its receptor and receptor signaling. factor (VEGF), and other modulators of prostatic cancer, in order to help optimize treatment decisions. A com- prehensive literature search of PubMed and relevant Follicle-Stimulating Hormone congress abstract databases was conducted using FSH is a 30 kDa heterodimeric glycoprotein that belongs to a combinations of the key words prostate cancer, follicle- class of proteins that includes luteinizing hormone (LH), thy- stimulating hormone, vascular endothelial growth fac- roid-stimulating hormone, and human chorionic gonadotropin. tor, inhibins/activins, gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)/luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) Structurally, these glycoproteins share a common alpha subunit, receptor agonists/antagonists, and angiogenesis/neo- but have unique beta subunits that confer receptor specificity.6 genesis. This was followed by a consensus meeting of FSH binds to the FSH receptor, which belongs to the G-protein prostate cancer experts to discuss current knowledge coupled superfamily characterized by their 7 hydrophobic trans- surrounding FSH and the relevant evidence for its role in the development and progression of prostate cancer. -
Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Antagonists Versus Standard Androgen Suppression Therapy for Advanced Prostate Cancer a Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis
Open Access Research BMJ Open: first published as 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008217 on 13 November 2015. Downloaded from Gonadotropin-releasing hormone antagonists versus standard androgen suppression therapy for advanced prostate cancer A systematic review with meta-analysis Frank Kunath,1,2 Hendrik Borgmann,2,3 Anette Blümle,4 Bastian Keck,1 Bernd Wullich,1,2 Christine Schmucker,4 Danijel Sikic,1 Catharina Roelle,1 Stefanie Schmidt,2 Amr Wahba,5 Joerg J Meerpohl4 To cite: Kunath F, ABSTRACT et al Strengths and limitations of this study Borgmann H, Blümle A, . Objectives: To evaluate efficacy and safety of Gonadotropin-releasing gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) antagonists ▪ hormone antagonists versus We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Web of compared to standard androgen suppression therapy standard androgen Science, EMBASE, trial registries and conference suppression therapy for for advanced prostate cancer. books. Two authors independently screened advanced prostate cancer A Setting: The international review team included identified articles, extracted data, evaluated risk systematic review with meta- methodologists of the German Cochrane Centre and of bias and rated quality of evidence according analysis. BMJ Open 2015;5: clinical experts. to GRADE. e008217. doi:10.1136/ Participants: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Web ▪ There were no statistically significant differences bmjopen-2015-008217 of Science, EMBASE, trial registries and conference in overall mortality, treatment failure, or prostate- books for randomised controlled trials (RCT) for specific antigen progression and no study ▸ Prepublication history for effectiveness data analysis, and randomised or non- reported cancer-specific survival or clinical this paper is available online. randomised controlled studies (non-RCT) for safety progression. To view these files please data analysis (March 2015).