WMSU-PHSI presents “Vulnerabilities of women and children amidst Mindanao's peace and security WMSU issues”
Marcelina G. Carpizo, Ph.D
1 What’s in here?
■ The Geographical and Socio-Economic and Political Context of Mindanao ■ Peace and Security Issues ■ Effects on Women and Children Displacement Human Trafficking Other forms of Abuse and Violence Health Education
■ Peace Initiatives ■ Lessons Learned ■ Ways Forward
2 The Mindanao Context
Poverty and the lack of social opportunity – both key drivers and outcomes of conflict.
Four out of the top 5 poorest regions in the Philippines are in Mindanao (PSA).
60% of residents in conflict-affected areas live below poverty line
97,530 square km MINDANAO
4 Mindanao’s Natural Resources
One of the 21 Best Beaches in the Maria Christina Falls in Iligan World by National Geographic 2017 supplies 70% of Power in Mindanao
5 Mindanao : The Land of Promise
MUSLIM GROUPS
MARANAO
TAUSUG
MAGUINDANAO BADJAO
IRANUN
6 Mindanao’s Indigenous People A. INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
SUBANEN BUKIDNON BAGOBO MANDAYA SUBANEN BUKIDNON MANDAYA BAGOBO MANOBO MANOBO
TIRURAY T’BOLI T’BOLI YAKAN YAKAN B’LAAN TIRURAY B’LAAN
7 Peace and Security Issues: ARMED COMBATANT GROUPS
Moro National Liberation Front - 1969 Moro Islamic Liberation Front - 1981
New People’s Army - 1969
9 Peace and Security Issues: Other armed group
Abu Sayyaf terrorist organization -
Jemaah Islamiyah (JI)
Daesh (formally referred to as ISIL)
Maute Group
Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF)
10 When crises events strike...
Families and communities are separated
Health, education, police, and social services are disrupted
Community support systems and protection mechanisms break down Displacement:Effects on Women and Children A. Marawi Siege May 23, 2017
78,466 families or 360,000 persons displaced
An estimated 98% of the Marawi City population is believed to have been displaced due to the conflict (International Organization for Migration,2017).
UNICEF reported that over 160,000 of the displaced population are children Displacement:Effects on Women and Children B Zamboanga Siege September 9,2013
10,000 houses burned.
120,000 people displaced
63,000 people were unable to return to their homes because parts of the city were declared “no return areas”
As of December 2014, 209 IDPs were reported to have died due to pneumonia and acute gastroenteritis. Half of them were children under 5 years old. Displacement:Effects on Women and Children
C . Clashes between authorities and the Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters 2015 120 ,000 casualties
D. . Clan Feud 8,680 persons (1,736 families) displaced June 27, 2018 in Maguindanao
E. Camp Abubakar all out war in 2000 More than 20,000 residents were affected by the clash.
14 Displacement:Effects on Women and Children
A child was killed by his family’s enemy
He was killed with the assumption that if he grows older he will eventually make his revenge
ALBERT E. ALEJO, SJ Mindanawon Initiatives for Cultural Dialogue Displacement:Effects on Women and Children
Armed conflict in Cotabato, October • Affected 6 barangays, affecting 5,726 persons or 2010 1,042 families
Armed conflict in • 105 families were affected when the groups of Cotabato, February two Moro Islamic Liberation Front (MILF) 2012 commanders clashed in North Cotabato over a long-running land dispute
Armed conflict in • An encounter between the Armed Forces of the Butuan City, March Philippines (AFP) and the New People's Army 2013 (NPA) in Barangay Anticala forced 750 persons or 150 families to flee
16 Displacement:Effects on Women and Children
Military offensive vs BIFF, March 2015 • At least 8,149 families or 40,745 individuals were displaced following the military's all-our war against rebel group Bangsamoro Islamic Freedom Fighters (BIFF).
Butig clashes, March 2016 • At least 7,800 people were displaced as government troops clashed with the Maute terror group.
Military operations vs Abu Sayyaf, January 2016-February 2017 • More than 68,400 displaced in Sulu and Basilan. • Most of the IDPs returned home by December 2016.
17 Displacement:Effects on Women and Children
Bohol clashes April 2017 • Around 3,000 people were displaced when government troops clashed with the Abu Sayyaf
Basilan bombing July 31,2018 • 705 families have been evacuated
Military presence in Indigenous People community • 38 Indigenous families ( approximately 173 individuals ) August 28,2018
18 Current IDPs in need of a durable solution
Total No. of IDPs who are ARMED CONFLICT AND NATURAL DISASTER presently displaced in CRIME / VIOLENCE Mindanao 104,316 97,250 7,066
DISPLACEMENT TOTAL RECORDED NUMBER OF PERSONS WHO IDPs DISPLACED IN MOVEMENT IN DISPLACEMENT IN HAVE RETURNED AUGUST IN AUGUST 2018 AUGUST 2018 NEED OF A DURABLE SOLUTION
19,498 12,503 6,995
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19 Psychological Effect of Displacement to children
Marawi Experience
- Unusual - Unwillingness - Sadness to go to school crying and - Aggressive screaming - Nightmares behavior - Disrespectful behavior
20 Effects on Women and Children: Human Trafficking
“I am 3 months pregnant and my husband sold me to another man after the siege so we will have something to eat”
“I am from Sulu, I went together with other children of my age to Zamboanga City to escape the on going military operation against the Abusayyaf, but were forced to work in a video bar and entertain male customers in Isabela, Basilan”
“After the siege , our life with my brother , 8 yrs old became more difficult in the hands of our father , we were sold to a foreigner who abused us sexually, while another man is the one taking video of the act and another man in the screen (laptop) is also watching and paddling his private part “
21 Effects on Women and Children: Human Trafficking
“He was told it was his specific duty to kill government soldiers.”
“They taught me how to kill people. If I don't kill, I will die. They will kill me first)," he said.”
When he was in Butig, he did not question the teachings. Not even in his mind. “I really did believe them for two years. I really believed)," he said.
• His singular dream was to go to heaven and he was taught dying in battle was the way this could happen. 22 Effects on Child Victim
LEGEND
Social effects
Physical effects
Psychological effects Mental Disorder
Substance Stigmatized Abuse Stress Physical Disorder Injuries Ostracized Sexual Abuse
Diminished Relational Productive Death Low Stunted Difficulties Potentials Self-esteem Growth
HIV/AIDS STDs Poor Nutrition Effects to women and children Other forms of abuse and exploitation
Child Labour
Sexual harassment
Rape
Physical Abuse 24 Effects on Women and Children: Other forms of Abuses and Violence
a 5 year old girl was allegedly raped by her uncle inside the Joaquin Enriquez Memorial Sports Complex Thursday evening, September 19.
The incident happened night- time, while both parents left the child in the care of the man.
It showed that prostitution has been happening inside and outside of the grandstand. The youngest was a 12-year-old boy, who later tested positive for an STD (sexually transmitted disease).
25 Effects to women and children Other forms of conflict –related abuse and exploitation
Catcalling
Vagrancy
daily forms of degradation such as, taking a bath in full view of the neighbours
Prostitution
26 Prostitution : Their narratives • Karina said she never wanted to prostitute herself, but the conditions had forced her, especially when three of her children got sick “one after the other.”
• Moreover, her husband, who had volunteered to build bunkhouses for the IDPs in Barangay Mariki, became ill and his condition got serious. “No one bothered to pay him or extend financial support,” Karina said.
• She said she tried going around, begging for money, but the cash hardly came. So she thought of sleeping with other men for money.
• At Masepla Transitory Site in the city’s Barangay Mampang, there is the so-called “fish for sex.”
• Tira Beinte 27 Zamboanga Hostage Taking: Grave Child Rights Violation
More or less 200 people were hostage MNLF gunmen tied together hostages as human shields 2 were killed and 7 . wounded Grave Child Rights Violations
2017 verified data 60 Attacks on Schools and Hospitals
30 Children Recruited and Used
33 Killing and Maiming
5 incidents of abduction, involving 7 children
29 Effects on Women and Children: Health and Nutrition
KEY FIGURES 360,000 (Marawi Siege) internally displaced persons
51,000 displaced people need essential health services.
15,000 under five need nutritional assessment
210,500 people need latrine facilities Effects on Women and Children: Education
Marawi Siege : learning of more than 86,000 children disrupted
an estimated 22,700 displaced school children are still not back in school (UNICEF, 2017).
7,487 displaced Marawi students have already been enrolled across 10 different regions to continue their education. Government Peace Initiatives
Tripoli Agreement in 1976 1987 Jeddah Accord
Creation of the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARRM) under Corazon Aquino in 1989 1996 Peace Agreement Framework Agreement on Bangsamoro 2014
The Bangsamoro Organic Law signed in 2018
32 BUILDING BACK BETTER ZAMBOANGA : PEACE INITIATIVES WMSU 2013 ZAMBOANGA SIEGE
33 Schools as Zones of Peace : Zamboanga Siege
WMSU Community Kitchen Satellite Hospital
34 Schools as zones of Peace : Zamboanga Siege
Construction of Temporary Learning Spaces in MASEPLA Transitory Site
Child –friendly spaces
35 ZAMBOANGA EDUCATION PROJECT : RESPONSE TO CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT IN ZAMBOANGA CITY
IDP Children queue to register for the summer enhancement program organized by WMSU in partnership with DepEd and UNICEF
36 ZAMBOANGA EDUCATION PROJECT :RESPONSE TO CHILDREN AFFECTED BY ARMED CONFLICT IN ZAMBOANGA CITY
Transport for IDP Multi Grade Training for Teachers Community Dialogue students from who will be teaching at the with IDPs re: Masepla Transitory temporary learning spaces in the importance of site to various transitory sites education schools
37 EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT TRAINING FOR DAY CARE WORKERS AND TEACHERS
38 EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT
39 EARLY CHILDHOOD CARE AND DEVELOPMENT
40 PEACE EDUCATION : TEACHING EXEMPLARS
Peace Education Teaching Exemplars
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42 The fun activities together with the speaker that made the six days training more fun learning and memorable to the in school and out-of- school youth of Brgy. Sinunuc and Limpapa
43 ADOLESCENT DEVELOPMENT AND PARTICIPATION ON PEACE BUIDLING
44 Orient IDP children on their right to survival, protection, development and participation.
45 Sharing sessions with IDP children on issues , concerns and needs they encountered at the ECs and TSs and their recommendations. Sharing sessions with IDP children on issues , concerns and needs they encountered at the ECs and TSs and their recommendations.
• December 8, 2014 Buggoc External Coordination & Networking
Children’s protection from Human Trafficking is safeguarded and strengthened through regular advocacy campaigns.
Regional Inter-Agency Committee against Regional Committee for the Welfare of Children Child Trafficking STRENGTHENING SCHOOL-BASED PROTECTION MECHANISMS: SEMINAR WORKSHOP
GRAVE CHILD RIGHTS VIOLATION: SEMINAR WORKSHOP WITH SERVICE PROVIDERS Advocacy & Social Mobilization
Children’s protection from Human Trafficking is safeguarded and strengthened through regular advocacy campaigns.
MEDIA CAMPAIGN Radio interviews of child advocates in e-media, & BRIGADA. Media Campaign • Orientations on the convergence and linkages of child protection and GBV including GCRV, their roles and functions in emergency situations Capacity Building
Barangay Council for the Protection of Children (BCPC) and Child Protection Council (CPC) members on Disaster Risk Reduction ( DRR)
53 Child Protection Committees of schools on the DepEd’s Child Protection Policy Monitoring and Reporting Mechanism for Grave Child Rights Violation (GCRV)”, Other Peace Initiatives… WMSU
56 EMPOWERMENT FOR PEACE THROUGH INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION
57 EMPOWERING THE SCHOOL AGAINST CHILD TRAFFICKING: SCHOOL ADVOCACY CAMPAIGN IN VARIOUS PUBLIC ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCHOOLS .
58 Community Based Advocacy Child Advocates lead campaign against trafficking in the communities assisted by the Social Workers. The activity was divided into two parts: Children use Theatre Arts to underscore the threat of child trafficking followed by the orientation proper. Short Courses on Leadership and Peace for Religious Muslim Leaders
60 PEACE TABLE
61 Mainstreaming Peace and Security
PEACE EDUCATION and HUMAN SECURITY MODULE
FOR THE NATIONAL SERVICE TRAINING PROGRAM (ADAPTED FROM THE GLOBAL PEACE FESTIVAL FOUNDATION WITH SOME REVISIONS)
PROPOSED COURSE SYLLABUS
COURSE NO: EUTHENICS C
COURSE TITLE : MEN AND WOMEN IN DEVELOPMENT (GENDER AND PEACE BUILDING )
CREDIT UNIT : 2.0
SOCIO 102 : CURRENT ISSUES
VALUES ED 110 : PEACE AND GLOBAL EDUCATION
Dialogue with officials of CLA, NSTP , CHE and Teachers Education 62 DIALOGUE
63 Countering Violent Extremism through Education : WMSU FACULTY
64 WMSU-UNESCO PEACE MEDIATORS CLUB
2013 Outstanding UNESCO Clubs in the field of Human and Social Sciences
2015 Outstanding UNESCO Clubs in the field of Human and Social Sciences
2016 Outstanding UNESCO Clubs in the field of Human and Social Sciences
2017 Outstanding UNESCO Club and UNESCO club Youth Leaders College Level
2018 Outstanding UNESCO Clubs in the field of Human and Social Sciences
65 Youth Leadership and Peace –building
66 City Wide Campus Tour (senior high schools both public and private) on Addressing Violent Extremism by engaging youth for social contract
Deliberation /Critiquing of the modules for the campus tour
67 City Wide Campus Tour
68 Madrasa Open House Solidarity Visit
Security sectors and other partners facilitated games with the madrasa students
69 ROUNDTABLE DISCUSSION with US Embassy Representatives
70 LESSONS LEARNED AND WAY FORWARD WMSU
71 LESSONS LEARNED
Culture of peace cannot be sustained alone by the schools with untrained faculty and lack of instructional materials . Promoting COP is a shared responsibility of parents, schools and community .
Often than not, children are treated as the victims only of violence and are taught to keep quite even though its voices that need to be heard the most. It is of utmost expectation to have more successful outputs if children are put in the frontline of such endeavour
Displacement and current living conditions have affected the psychological well-being of children and their caregivers.
72 LESSONS LEARNED
Segregated data and information about people with specific needs , UASC , pregnant and lactating mothers , PWD ,elderly ,GCRV are important
Close monitoring of government resettlement project is crucial
Coordination with National Government Offices is vital
T 73 LESSONS LEARNED
74 LESSONS LEARNED
75 LESSONS LEARNED
76 LESSONS LEARNED
77 LESSONS LEARNED
The displacement of people through conflict could lead to vulnerability to unsafe migration and ultimately human trafficking that should be better understood.
The rise of radicalization to violence and violent extremism, especially among youth, threatens stability and development, and can often derail peace building efforts and instigate conflict.
78 LESSONS LEARNED
79 Ways Forward
Strengthen the implementation of laws that will provide specialized comprehensive services that address the specific needs of trafficking victims (ex. the CERPA and RA 10821 ) Ways Forward
Increase information campaign and capacities of local communities to counter these incidents of human trafficking and violent extremism and to provide support to survivors of abuse, exploitation, and neglect. Ways Forward
Incorporate women’s input into program design, or consider how to enhance the quality of women’s participation to improve outcomes in recovery activities and etc. Ways Forward
Include gender considerations in peacebuilding activities
Rebuild livelihoods and communities Ways Forward
Advocate and propagate for women and children’s participation and involvement in DRR related activities
Widen partnerships for peace: Harness private sector, civil society and international cooperation in addressing peace, security and development. Ways Forward
• Continue the advocacy for the integration of Peace Education in the formal, non-formal and informal education curriculums in Mindanao, with special focus on areas in the Bangsamoro Ways Forward
Comprehensive programs and services to survivors and family-victims of abduction .
Draw out a comprehensive and strategic action plan for the protection of children and women in conflict-affected areas. Ways Forward
Advocacies and efforts should be invested in supporting development projects for our young people to be change makers of the present, now Ways Forward
• Institutionalize the activation and operation of a specialized children and women’s welfare action desk or task force in the management of internal displacements
• Education should at least be one of the main highlights of peace initiatives in Mindanao
88 MESSAGE
• Much more are yet to be done in Mindanao and we do not just stop.
• As members of the academe and as a Social Worker, we commit to exert our best efforts in endeavours to assist our fellow Mindanaoans rebuild their communities and lives.
89 “ Education is the most powerful weapon which you can use to change the world.” -Nelson Mandela
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