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SPRINGFIELD COLLEGE LIBRARY MANUSCRIPT THESES ^ . The manuscript copies of master's theses deposited in the Library of Springfield G>llege are available for appropriate usage. If passages are copied, proper credit must be given to the author in any written or published work. Extensive copying or publication of materials should be done only with the consent of the Director of the Graduate School. This thesis or dissertation by LQ.W.?..l.i....Ei.t....Li.1;.tar.i.tZ has been used accordingly by the persons listed below. (Librarians are asked to secure the signature of each user.) Name and Address College Date SPRINGFIELD COLLEGE OFFICE OF GRADUATE STUDY August 1970 We recommend that the thesis prepared under our direction by Lowell E, Littaritz A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP OF BA5ERUNNER5 SACRIFICED BY BUNTING TO RUNS SCORED be accepted as fulfilling the research requirement for the degree of Master of Science A STUDY TO DETERMINE THE RELATIONSHIP OF BA5ERUNNERS SACRIFICED BY BUNTING TO RUNS SCORED A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of Springfield College In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science by Lowell E. Littaritz August 1970 ii This thssis is dsdiestsd to My iiothsz and fathss for thsir iovs and aany sacrificas hot^-S»pT7o'»^7“~’j! PREFACE This study was undertaken to determine the relationship of baserunners sacrificed by bunting to runs scored* The writer felt that a study of this kind would add objective information about the sacrifice bunt as an offensive tactic in baseball* This should prove helpful to coaches and instructors of baseball* The writer would like to express his sincere appreciation to Dr* Clayton T. Shay* Mr. Archie P. Allen* Mr* Charles N. Boys and Dr* James E* Ganasci. Special appreciation is also expressed to my wife Pat for her assistance, encouragement and inspiration* August 1970 L*E*L TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTHCDUCTIuN..... 1 Statement of the Problem. 2 Hypotheses 2 Limitations of the Study.. 2 Significance of the Study................ 3 Definition of Terms Used 4 History of Previous and Related Literature. 4 II. PROCEDURE IN RESEARCH 11 Source of Data. 12 Method of Collecting the Data............ 12 Organization of the Data for Treatment... 12 III. ANALYSIS OF DATA 17 IV. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS FOR FURTHER STUDY 20 Summary 21 Conclusions. 23 Recommendations for Further Study........ 24 BIBLIOGRAPHY 26 V LIST UF TABLES TABLE PAGE I. 1957 Varsity Baseball Season 22 Official Game Statistics of Individual Games - Springfield College......................... 14 XI.' Six Official Baseball Seasone Reeults of Individual Seasons and Six Season Total - Springfield College.. 16 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION CHAPTER I INTRODUCTIGN Statement of the Problero The purpose of this study was to compare and cinalyzE the sacrifice bunt in relation to runs scored in college baseball. HvDothesBs There is a positive relationship between runners advanced by sacrifice bunting^ to runs scored. Potential runs are lost because of double plays and force outs. Limitations of the Study This study was limited in the following respects» 1, The data was taken from the records of the Springfield College baseball teams. 2, Records of the varsity teams only were used, 3, The study was limited to the records of the years 1957, 1950, 1965, 1967, I960 anc 1>69. 4, The study was limited to one-hunored sixty official games. 5, The study was not concerned with different methods of scaring runs, 6, No allowance was made for human error by the scorskeepex* 7» The record books do not show the number of sacrifice bunts that failed because of missed signals or inability to bunt* Significance of tke Stu^ Coaches* players* and spectators have mads subjective statements and conclusions regarding the value of the sacrifice bunt as an offensive tactic in baseball* It is the intent of this study to give something more than subjective reasoning on which to base offensive strategy* This study should prove helpful to coaches and instructors of baseball who want to improve their knowledge of the game* The study may serve as a means of evaluating existing baseball strategy* It may add scientific data to the game* It may promote more interest in the bunting phase of the game* The writer has always been interested in strategy used in baseball and in learning more about the game* This study will benefit the writer in the technical knowledge gained in his profession as a teacher of physical education and coach* Because there was only limited evidence about offensive tactics in baseball this area of study may prove valuable to the game of baseball itself* 4 Definition of Terms Used Key aituationa. "Key eituations were interpreted as those situations during a baseball game when the score was tied or a team was winning or losing the game by one run,"^ Sacrifice bunt. "The act of bunting the ball so that a runner may advance a base* It is not an attempt 2 to make a base hit*" Although there has been some research done on bunting there has been no research* to the writer's knowledge* done on the relationship of basarunners sacrificed by bunting to runs scored. In 1967 Peterson conducted a study and concluded that a large percentage of runners who attempt to steal are successful. He found that many potential runs were ^Arthur N. Peterson* "A Comparative Study of the Stolen Base in College Baseball" (unpublished Master's thesis* Springfield College* Springfield* Massachusetts* 1967)* p. 4. ^Archie P. Allen* ,9l:: Offensive Strategy and Techniques (Englewood Cliffsi Prentice-Hall* Inc.* 1964}* p, 110. lo8t because those runners who were not advanced to scoring positions were forced out.^ In 1959 Lyles conducted a study showing a greater percentage of runs scored with walked batters than without by the Springfield College baseball team and their 4 opponents• In 1963 Akers conducted a study taking into consideration the total offensive performance of the player as a means of evaluation in Major League baseball. Akers states that to advance the runner is one of the 5 three major aims in offensive baseball. In 1966 Bican conducted a study. The results of the study were that bunting with no outs had to succeed almost one-hundred percent of the time in order to gain an advantage and that the sacrifice bunt was not sound 3 Arthur N. Peterson. "A Comparative Study of the Stolen Base in College Baseball" (unpublished Master’s thesis, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1967). 4 Joseph F. Lyles, ”A Study to Determine the Effects of Bases-on-Balls Upon Runs Scored in College Baseball" (unpublished Master’s thesis, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1959). 5 W. Frank Akers, "A Study to Determine Total Offensive Performance of the Major League Baseball Player" (unpublished Doctoral dissertation, Springfield College, Springfield, Massachusetts, 1963). strategy with two or more outs.^ E, Allen,^ Berry,® Byrd,^ Koppett,^*^ Mann,^^ and 12 Jessee believe that the sacrifice bunt should be employed as an offensive play to advance the baserunner. A. Allen,Hale,^^ and Irace^® refer to the sacrifice bunt and believe that it should be used in any inning. In this way it can be used to protect a lead or ^William L. Bican, "Statistical Calculations of the Probabilities of Scoring the Baserunners in High School Baseball Games" (unpublished Haster's thesis, Sacramento State College, Sacramento, California, 1965). 7 Ethan Allen, Yorks The Ronald Prase Company» 1959it P* 199* 8 Elmer Berry, Baseball Notes for Coaches and Players (New York) A.S. Barnes and Company, 1924), p. 34. ^Douglas Byrd, Ihffi Chicago, San Franciscoi Thomas E. Wilson and Company, 1942), p. 134. 10 Leonard Koppett, A Thinkina Man*s Guide to Baseball (New Yorkt E. P. Dutton and Co. Inc., 1967), p. 24. ^^Laelie Hann, "Baseball Team Strategy," Athletic Journal. 8:4, March, 1928, 12 Daniel E. Jesaee, Baseball. ed. W.L, Hughes (New Yorki The Ronald Press Company, 1939), p. 72. Allen, p. 110, ^^Sidney Hale, "Bunting," Scholastic Coach. 15:8, April, 1946. 15 S. Charles Irace, Comparative Baseball^Strategy (Minneapolis: Burgess Publishing Company, 1967), p. 98. 7 when an important run is needed to tie or win a game. The idea is to score a run whenever possible. Berry states that the time to use the sacrifice bunt is until there are two outs. He saya it is used to advance a baeerunner from second to third as well as first to second, particularly in a close game and with no outs.^^ Berry,Mann,^® £. Allen,and Byrd^^ speak of the aacrifice bunt in a close scoring game. They mention that the sacrifice bunt is distinctively fitted to meet the demands of that type of a situation. Hale talks of the sacrifice bunt to protect the lead when ahead. He says this is done with the hope of 21 building up a bigger lead. ^^Berry, p. 34. ^^Berry, p. 34, XB Hann, ^'Baseball Team Strategy," p. 4. 19 Ethan Allen, gfl&fefajaJ,!.» P* 203. ^°Byrd, p. 135. ^^Hale, p, B, McGraw Qayst Baseball is laryely a matter of chance and probability, and it is the man who can figure the chances closest and get the right answer the greatest number of times who is the best leader. If you advance the runner to second, he has two chances of scoring on a clean hit because there ie only one out when he reaches the middle station. Besides these chances on a clean hit there is always the possibility of an error which may break up the game. Seasoned players will tell you that more errors are made on a bunt than any other kind of ball. Team play is referred to by some writers in the bunt situation, E, Allen refers to a player who bunts as 23 one who is looked up to by his teammates, Koppett refers to advancing the runner when anyone is on base as a primary rule of team play.
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