Toxicity Or Performance In, Natural Environments Where Products May Be Used
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Written Testimony of Shanna Devine Worker Health and Safety Advocate
Written Testimony of Shanna Devine Worker Health and Safety Advocate, Public Citizen’s Congress Watch Division Before the U.S. House of Representatives Committee on Energy and Commerce Environment and Climate Change Subcommittee On “Mismanaging Chemical Risks: EPA’s Failure to Protect Workers” March 13, 2019 Dear Chairman Tonko, Ranking Member Shimkus, and Members of the Subcommittee, Thank you for holding this crucial hearing on the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) failure to protect workers from chemicals risks. I serve as the worker health and safety advocate for Public Citizen, a national consumer advocacy and public interest organization with more than 500,000 members and supporters. Since 1971, Public Citizen has advocated for stronger health, safety and consumer protection measures, as well as curbs on corporate wrongdoing. I previously worked as an investigator for the Government Accountability Project, a whistleblower protection and advocacy organization, where I led a multiyear dispersant whistleblower investigation. The investigation, which I understand is ongoing, examined worker health impacts from chemical exposure during the Deepwater Horizon disaster.i I worked firsthand with whistleblowers, and this testimony incorporates lessons learned by those brave individuals, who should be the pioneer witnesses providing a foundation for dispersant oversight. EPA’s failure to adequately regulate dispersants – toxic chemicals used in an unprecedented manner in response to the BP Deepwater Horizon disaster – is a tragic example of the agency’s failure to protect workers under its implementation of the Frank R. Lautenberg Chemical Safety Act, which made significant amendments to the Toxic Substances Control Act (TSCA). While this is by no means the only chemical that EPA has failed to protect workers from, several unique factors make it particularly timely for congressional oversight. -
Assessment of the Use of Dispersants on Oil Spills in California Marine Waters
Assessment of the Use of Dispersants on Oil Spills in California Marine Waters by S.L. Ross Environmental Research Ltd. 200-717 Belfast Rd. Ottawa, ON K1G 0Z4 for Minerals Management Service Engineering and Research Branch 381 Elden Street Herndon, VA 20170-4817 June 2002 Summary Objective This project is a comprehensive assessment of operational and environmental factors associated with using chemical dispersants to treat oil spills in California. The project addresses spills from both transportation and production sources. It addresses four subjects: a) amenability of produced and imported oils to chemical dispersion; b) time windows (TW) for chemical dispersion in California spills; c) operational logistic and feasibility issues in California; and d) net environmental benefits or drawbacks of dispersant use for California spills. Review of Basics The report begins with a review of the basics of (a) marine spill behavior, (b) chemical dispersants, (c) factors that control dispersant effectiveness, and (d) accounts of field trials and spills. The review shows that dispersants will be effective if: (a) the response takes place quickly while the spilled oil is unemulsified, relatively thick, and low in viscosity; (b) the thick portions of the spill are treated with state-of-the art chemicals at the proper dose; and (c) sea states are light-to-medium or greater. If the spilled oil becomes highly viscous through the process of water-in-oil emulsification, dispersant use will not be effective. Likely Dispersibility of California Oils Three groups of oils are considered: a) crude oils produced in California OCS waters; b) oils imported into California ports; and c) fuel oils spilled from marine industrial activities (e.g., fuel tanks from ships, cargoes of small tankers). -
Chemical Dispersants and Their Role in Oil Spill
THE SEA GRANT and GOMRI CHEMICAL DISPERSANTS AND THEIR PARTNERSHIP ROLE IN OIL SPILL RESPONSE The mission of Sea Grant is to enhance the practical use and Larissa J. Graham, Christine Hale, Emily Maung-Douglass, Stephen Sempier, conservation of coastal, marine LaDon Swann, and Monica Wilson and Great Lakes resources in order to create a sustainable economy and environment. Nearly two million gallons of dispersants were used at the water’s There are 33 university–based surface and a mile below the surface to combat oil during the Sea Grant programs throughout the coastal U.S. These programs Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Many Gulf Coast residents have questions are primarily supported by about why dispersants were used, how they were used, and what the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration impacts dispersants could have on people and the environment. and the states in which the programs are located. In the immediate aftermath of the Deepwater Horizon spill, BP committed $500 million over a 10–year period to create the Gulf of Mexico Research Institute, or GoMRI. It is an independent research program that studies the effect of hydrocarbon releases on the environment and public health, as well as develops improved spill mitigation, oil detection, characterization and remediation technologies. GoMRI is led by an independent and academic 20–member research board. The Sea Grant oil spill science outreach team identifies the best available science from The Deepwater Horizon site (NOAA photo) projects funded by GoMRI and others, and only shares peer- reviewed research results. On April 20, 2010, an explosion on million barrels (172 million gallons), were the Deepwater Horizon oil rig killed released into Gulf of Mexico waters.1,2,3,4,5 11 people. -
Dispersant Additives and Additive Concentrates and Lubricating Oil Compositions Containing Same
(19) TZZ¥_ __T (11) EP 3 124 581 A1 (12) EUROPEAN PATENT APPLICATION (43) Date of publication: (51) Int Cl.: 01.02.2017 Bulletin 2017/05 C10M 163/00 (2006.01) C10M 169/04 (2006.01) (21) Application number: 16179973.9 (22) Date of filing: 18.07.2016 (84) Designated Contracting States: • Oberoi, Sonia AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB Linden, NJ New Jersey 07036 (US) GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO • Hu, Gang PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR Linden, NJ New Jersey 07036 (US) Designated Extension States: •HOBIN,Peter BA ME Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) Designated Validation States: • STRANGE, Gareth MA MD Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) • CATANI, Alessandra (30) Priority: 30.07.2015 US 201514813257 17047 Savona - Liguria (IT) • FITTER, Claire (71) Applicant: Infineum International Limited Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) Abingdon, • MILLINGTON, James Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) (72) Inventors: (74) Representative: Goddard, Frances Anna et al • Emert, Jacob PO Box 1 Linden, NJ New Jersey 07036 (US) Milton Hill Abingdon, Oxfordshire OX13 6BB (GB) (54) DISPERSANT ADDITIVES AND ADDITIVE CONCENTRATES AND LUBRICATING OIL COMPOSITIONS CONTAINING SAME (57) A lubricant additive concentrate having a kine- cinic anhydride (SA) functionality (F) of greater than 1.7 matic viscosity of from about 40 to about 300 cSt at and less than about 2.5; and a detergent colloid including 100°C,containing a dispersant-detergent colloid mixture, overbased detergent having a total base number (TBN) including -
Additive Components
Performance you can rely on. Additive Components InfineumInsight.com/Learn © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . Performance you can rely on. What happens without lubrication? © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . Performance you can rely on. Outline • The function of additives – What do they do? • Destructive processes in the engine – What are these processes? – How do additives minimize them? • Types of additives – Which additives are commonly used? – How do they work? © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . Performance you can rely on. The function of additives Why do we add additives? – Enhance lubricant performance – Minimise destructive processes in the engine – Extend oil life time © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . Performance you can rely on. Destructive processes in the engine What destructive process are present in the engine? • Mechanical – Wear of engine parts – Shear affecting lubricant properties • Chemical – Corrosion of engine parts – Oxidation of lubricant © INFINEUM INTERNATIONAL LIMITED 2017. All Rights Reserved. 2015006e . Performance you can rely on. Destructive processes in the engine Friction and wear • Both are caused by relative motion between surfaces • Friction is the loss of energy – dissipated as heat – Types – sliding, rolling, static on i t c • Wear is loss of material i r – Types – abrasion, adhesion, -
Diary of a Disaster: 6 Months in the Gulf What It’S Like to Respond to an Environmental and Democratic Crisis—And Where We Go from Here
Diary of a Disaster: 6 Months in the Gulf What it’s like to respond to an environmental and democratic crisis—and where we go from here. by Riki Ott America awoke the morning of April 21 to learn that BP’s well, the Deepwater Horizon, had blown out in the Gulf of Mexico and was on fire. Eleven men were dead. BP began dumping dispersants (toxic chemicals that sink oil) into the Gulf and lies into the media. I had left Alaska on February 10 for another round of national talks on the democracy crisis and how we can take back our government... from the corporations. My phone went berserk with media requests. Lisa Marie, my assistant and friend, asked when I was going down to the Gulf. “I’m not,” I said. She knew better. For both of us, it was déjà vu. During the Exxon Valdez oil spill 21 years earlier in Alaska, Lisa Marie had worked with traumatized children and families. She worked for several years as a board member and volunteer for the Cordova Family Resource Center. With my doctorate in marine pollution, I became a spokesperson for the commercial fishing industry, testifying in the state legislature and Congress for stronger spill prevention measures and working to ban dispersants, and then starting the Copper River Watershed Project to help the community recover from long-term socioeconomic impacts. Lisa Marie knew I needed time to process my own memories that surged afresh with BP’s blowout, the inept government-industry response, and the lies. It took me a week to come out of my foxhole. -
Hearing Order OH-001-2014 Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) Application for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (Project)
Hearing Order OH-001-2014 Trans Mountain Pipeline ULC (Trans Mountain) Application for the Trans Mountain Expansion Project (Project) Written evidence of Dr. Rikki Ott Name of North Shore No Pipeline Expansion (“NSNOPE”) intervenor: Table of contents 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................. 2 1.1 Scope of work .................................................. Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2 Statement of qualifications ............................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.1 Education ............................................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.2 Experience .......................................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 1.2.3 Qualification of Opinions ..................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2. Impacts to Worker Health & Wildlife from Oil Spills Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.1 State of Knowledge Before the BP DWH Disaster .......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 2.2 State of Knowledge from the BP DWH Disaster ............. Error! Bookmark not defined. 3. Impacts to Public Health from Oil Spills ................... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.1 Reports from the BP DWH Disaster ................ Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2 Reports from Dilbit Disasters in the U.S. ......... Error! Bookmark not defined. 4. Opinion on Health Risk from Oil Spills in Urbanized Areas .. Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.1 The Risk of a Spill ........................................ 28Error! Bookmark not defined. 4.2 The Consequences of a Spill ........................... Error! Bookmark not defined. Appendix A Curriculum vitae of Riki Ott, PhD ........ Error! Bookmark not defined. Page 1 1 1.0 Introduction 2 1.1 Scope of Work 3 1. This is the written evidence of Dr. Riki Ott filed on behalf of the intervener North 4 Shore No Pipeline Expansion (NSNOPE) to address human health impacts and 5 risks of oil spills. 6 7 2. -
The Effect of Copolymer and Iron on the Fouling Characteristics of Cooling Tower Water Containing Corrosion Inhibitors
AN ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS OF Abdullah A. Abu-Al-Saud for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Chemical Engineering, presented on August 15, 1988. Title: The Effect of Copolymer and Iron on the Fouling Characteristics of Cooling Tower Water Containing Corrosion Inhibitors. Redacted for Privacy Abstract approved: Dr. James G. Knudsen Various antifoulant treatment programs and the considerations necessary for the effective use of such programs were examined. Two different groups of tests, with and without iron contamination, have been carried out on the effectiveness of several of the state-of-the-art copolymers (PA, HEDP, AA/HPA, AA/MA, SS/MA and AA/SA) in the inhibition of the fouling of high hardness cooling tower water containing phosphate corrosion inhibitors (polyphosphates and orthophosphates). The tests were conducted on metal surfaces (SS, CS, Adm, and Cu/Ni), using simulated cooling water in a specially designed cooling tower system. For each group of tests at various pH values (6.5, 7.5 and 8.5), the effects of flow velocity (3.0, 5.5, 8.0 ft/sec) and heat transfer surface temperature (130, 145, 160°F) on thefouling characteristics of cooling tower water havebeen investigated. During the course of each test, the water quality was kept constant. For the iron tests, the effects of iron presence (2, 3 and 4 ppm Fe) on the fouling characteristics of the cooling tower water havebeen investigated and discussed for three different situations: 1. High hardness cooling tower water and iron. 2. High hardness cooling tower water, iron and phosphate corrosion inhibitors. -
Dispersant Effectiveness Testing on Water-In-Oil Emulsions at Ohmsett
DISPERSANT EFFECTIVENESS TESTING ON WATER-IN-OIL EMULSIONS AT OHMSETT For U.S. Department of the Interior Minerals Management Service Herndon, VA By SL Ross Environmental Research Limited Alun Lewis Consultancy And MAR Inc. September 2006 Acknowledgements This project was funded by the U.S. Minerals Management Service (MMS). The authors wish to thank the U.S. Minerals Management Service Technology Assessment and Research Branch for funding this study, and Joseph Mullin for his guidance in the work. Thanks also go to Ed Thompson and Mike Bronson of BP Exploration Alaska and Lee Majors and Ken Linderman of Alaska Clean Seas, for providing the Endicott crude oil for the testing; and to Jim Clark of ExxonMobil, for providing the Corexit 9527 and 9500 dispersants used in the study. Disclaimer This report has been reviewed by U.S. Minerals Management Service staff for technical adequacy according to contractual specifications. The opinions, conclusions, and recommendations contained in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views and policies of the U.S. Minerals Management Service. The mention of a trade name or any commercial product in this report does not constitute an endorsement or recommendation for use by the U.S. Minerals Management Service. Finally, this report does not contain any commercially sensitive, classified or proprietary data release restrictions and may be freely copied and widely distributed. i Executive Summary The objective of this study was to determine the effectiveness of chemical dispersants when applied to water-in-oil emulsions and to determine if similar viscosity limits exist for successful dispersion of emulsions as for un-emulsified crude oils. -
Of 18 Jennifer Stock, Riki Ott ______
March 1, 2010, oc030110.mp3 Post Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Page 1 of 18 Jennifer Stock, Riki Ott _________________________________________________________________________________________________ Jennifer Stock: You’re listening to Ocean Currents, a podcast brought to you by NOAA’s Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary. This radio program was originally broadcast on KWMR in Point Reyes Station, California. Thanks for listening! (Music) Jennifer Stock: And welcome to this month's edition of Ocean Currents, a show where we talk about the blue part of our planet, the ocean. We talk about natural history, conservation, research, exploration, and ways for us land-based folks to learn more and get involved. My name is Jennifer Stock and I bring this show to you from NOAA's Cordell Bank National Marine Sanctuary, one of three amazing and unique marine sanctuaries off the central California coast here off of Point Reyes. So, let's get to it. A few months back, my guest today appeared in Point Reyes Station as a guest at a showing of a film that really touched me deeply. Riki Ott is a marine biologist and author and activist and she talked about her experience living in Alaska and surviving the long legacy of the Exxon-Valdez oil spill in 1989. She not only survived it, but led her impacted town out of it's most trying times. Riki is featured in the film called Black Wave that brings attention to what really happens during these dark days. Riki was a commercial salmon fisher-ma’am and while living in the devastation of the oil spill on many levels, she chose to do something about it and that she did. -
The Chemistry and Function of Lubricant Additives
WEBINARS Debbie Sniderman / Contributing Editor The chemistry and function of lubricant additives Their effectiveness depends on the base oil and how they interact with other chemicals. KEY CONCEPTS • AdditivesAdditives comppensateensate fforor thethe deficiencies inherently ppresentesent inin basib c basebase oiloil ssystems.ystems. • AdditivAdditivee effectiveness deppends on the ooil.il. AnAn additive thathatt works welwelll in one oiloil mighmight notnot inin LUBRICANTS ARE USED TO REDUCE FRICTION AND WEAR, dissipate heat aanothenother. from critical parts of equipment, remove and suspend deposits that may affect performance and protect metal surface damage from deg- • It’sIt’s importantimportant to understaunderstandd radation and corrosion. They serve a diverse range of applications, hhowo addaadditives t es maymay interactinteract each requiring a different combination of base oils and additives. wiwithth each ototheher in With such a complex industry, there are many challenges to devel- oping effective lubricants. synerggisticistic oror antaantaggonisticnistic Base oils themselves perform most of the functions of lubricants. ways whene creatingcreating But they can only do part of the job. Additives are needed when a additive packagges.es. lubricant’s base oil doesn’t provide all the properties the applica- tion requires. They’re used to improve the good properties of the 18 Snakes have two sets of eyes—one set to see and the other to detect heat and movement. No eyelids for snakes, just a thin membrane covering the eye. MEET THE PRESENTER This article is based on a Webinar originally presented by STLE Education on June 17, 2015. The Chemistry and Function of Lubricant Additives is available at www.stle.org: $39 to STLE members, $59 for all others. -
Sound Truths and Exxon Myths-- the 15 Year Dark Anniversary of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Beyond Information Sheet
Sound Truths and Exxon Myths-- The 15 Year Dark Anniversary of the Exxon Valdez Oil Spill and Beyond Information Sheet Prepared by Alaska Forum for Environmental Responsibility and Alaska Community Action on Toxics How Much Oil did the Exxon Valdez Spill? I was not the only one who heard 11 million gallons was the low-end estimate of spill volume and 38 million gallons was the high-end estimate during my first 24 hours in Valdez after the spill. A year later, two separate newspaper accounts reported volumes up to 27 and 38 million gallons (Hennelly 1990; Spence 1990). One article (Hennelly 1990) reported that the Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation (ADEC) contracted Caleb Brett to do tank soundings to estimate the volume spilled, but Caleb Brett refused to make public documentation of its findings, citing its employer-client relationship with Exxon. I found that the Alaska Department of Law later obtained the Caleb Brett documents during a separate investigation of the spill volume in preparation for a civil lawsuit against Exxon over damages to wildlife and habitat. When this lawsuit was settled in 1991, the State of Alaska shelved its investigation. In 1994, in response to public requests, the state released its investigation files to the Alaska Resources Library and Information Services (ARLIS) in Anchorage, Alaska (AK Department of Law 1991, attached). According to Caleb Brett’s report (1989), the Exxon Valdez left the tanker terminal in Port Valdez on 23 March 1989 with 53.04 million gallons of oil on board. The tanker grounded on Bligh Reef around midnight.