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Eine Ammoniten-Fauna Aus Den Spiti-Schiefern Von Muktinath in Nepal 63-88 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, 63

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Eine Ammoniten-Fauna Aus Den Spiti-Schiefern Von Muktinath in Nepal 63-88 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, 63 ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Zitteliana - Abhandlungen der Bayerischen Staatssammlung für Paläontologie und Histor. Geologie Jahr/Year: 1969 Band/Volume: 1 Autor(en)/Author(s): Helmstaedt Herwart Artikel/Article: Eine Ammoniten-Fauna aus den Spiti-Schiefern von Muktinath in Nepal 63-88 © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 63 ZITTELIANA 1 63 — 88 München, 1. 9. 1969 Eine Ammoniten-Fauna aus den Spiti-Schiefern von Muktinath in Nepal Von Herwart Helmstaedt1) Mit 1 Abbildung und Tafeln 3 — 5 Zusammenfassung Etwa 50% der vorliegenden Exemplare gehören zur Gattung Blanfordiceras Coss- MANN 1907. Die Gattungen Subplanites, Suhsteueroceras, Groebericeras und ? Lemencia wurden erst­ malig im Himalaja mit zusammen fünf Arten festgestellt. Folgende neue Formen wurden beschrieben: Blanfordiceras muktinathense n. sp., B. rotundidoma rotundum n. ssp., Subplanites nepalen- sis n. sp., Suhsteueroceras uhligi n. sp. und Virgatosphinctes kagbeniensis n. sp. Zur stratigraphischen Stellung der Spiti-Schiefer wird bestätigt, daß der Hauptteil der Fauna ins Obertithon gehört. Einige Faunenelemente, wie die Gattungen Berria- sella, Groebericeras und Thurmanniceras weisen auf Berrias, letztere sogar auf Valangin hin. Summary About 50% of the available specimens belong to the genus Blanfordiceras Coss- MANN 1907. The genera Subplanites, Suhsteueroceras, Groebericeras and ? Lemencia, with 5 species, are described for the first time from the Himalaya Mountains. The following new species are created: Blanfordiceras muktinathense n. sp., B. rotundidoma rotundum n. ssp., Subplanites nepalensis n. sp., Suhsteueroceras uhligi n. sp. and Virgatosphinctes kagbeniensis n. sp. It was found that the majority of the fauna confirms the Upper Tithonian age (Upper Jurassic) of the Spiti shales. Genera like Berriasella, Groebericeras and Thurmanniceras indicate the presence of the Berriasian stage (Lower Cretaceous). Thurmanniceras suggests even the possible occurence of a younger stage (Valanginian) of the Lower Cretaceous. INHALT I. E inleitung......................................................................................................................... 64 II. Bisherige Literatur.............................................................................................................64 III. Gesteinsbeschreibung und Erhaltung der Fossilien....................................................65 IV. Beschreibung der Gattungen und A r t e n .................................................................... 66 V. Alter und geographische Beziehungen der F a u n a ..................................................79 VI. Literaturverzeichnis.........................................................................................................80 1) Dr. Herwart Helmstaedt, 601 Both Street, Ottawa, Ont., Canada © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 64 I. Einleitung Muktinath ist ein Tempelbezirk nördlich des Die beschriebenen Fossilien wurden im Herbst 1962 von Annapurna-Massivs in der Nähe der tibetisch­ den Herren Dr. V. J anicke und Dr. S. L ange und vom Ver­ nepalesischen Grenze. Es liegt in einem östlichen fasser gesammelt. Herr Professor Dr. R. D ehm ermöglichte Nebental des Kali Gandaki etwa 3600 m über dem eine Bearbeitung im Rahmen einer geologischen Diplomarbeit Meeresspiegel (siehe Abb. 1). am Institut für Paläontologie und historische Geologie der Universität München. Herr Dr. K. W . B arthel gab wertvolle Schwarze Schiefer mit Ammoniten führenden Hilfe bei der Durchführung der Arbeit. Mr. Prakash Chanal Konkretionen, die auf dem Talboden bei Muktinath T hakur, Chief of Protocol im Ministry of Foreign Affairs in aufgeschlossen sind, ähneln in petrographischer Aus­ Kathmandu gab die Erlaubnis und Unterstützung für die bildung und Fossilgehalt den Spiti-Schiefern, von Expedition nach Muktinath. Der Verfasser möchte den ge­ deren Typlokalität ca. 600 km im Nord-Westen nannten Herren seinen herzlichsten Dank aussprechen. (Heim & Gansser, 1939). II. Bisherige Literatur Erstmalig wurde ein Jura-Ammonit aus Nepal wick-Museum in London Fossilien, die wahrschein­ von B lumenbach (1803, S. 21, Taf. 2, Abb. 7) als lich von W allich bei Muktinath gesammelt wurden. Ammonites sacer abgebildet. Es war ein Geröll aus Es handelt sich dabei um folgende Arten: dem Gandak-Fluß, kurz vor seiner Mündung bei Patna in den Ganges. Dies ist derselbe Fluß, dessen Blanfordiceras wallichii (Gray) Oberlauf Kali Gandaki (Krishna Gandaki) oder Perisphinctes cf. biplex (Sowerby) Thakkhola (siehe Hagen, 1960) heißt und in dessen Aulacosphinctoides cf. torquatus (Sowerby) Einzugsgebiet die Vorkommen von Muktinath und 16irgatosphinctes aff. frequens (Oppel) Tange liegen. Paraboüceras cf. sabineanum (Oppel) Der Artname kommt von der Tatsache, daß die Ubligites cf. griesbachi (Uhlig) Ammoniten von der einheimischen Bevölkerung als Belemnites cf. sulcatus M iller Amulette, sogenannte Saligrame, getragen werden. Nucida sp. R eed (1908, S. 256—261) erwähnt aus dem Sedg- Rhynchonella cf. variabilis Schlotheim © Biodiversity Heritage Library, http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/; www.zobodat.at 65 Außer Funden aus Flußgeröllen (Oppel, 1863, Paraboliceras haugi Uhlig S. 302), vom Flusse Gundock (wahrscheinlich Gan- Kossmatia aff. desmidoptycha Uhlig dak), unter denen sich Paraboliceras sabineanum (Oppel) Virgatosphinctes aff. rotundidoma Uhlig. befindet und von anderen nicht sicher bekannten Alle diese Formen weisen auf Obertithon und Fundorten, von denen Grays Typammoniten (1832, vielleicht Unterkreide hin, während eine weitere Taf. 100), A. Wallich (Blanfordiceras), A. tenuistriatus Teilfauna aus Tagsa älteren Charakter hat und dem (Kossmatia) , A. Nepanlensis (? Grajiceras) stammen, Oxford bzw. tieferen Kimmeridge entstammen muß: sind in der Literatur lange keine Jura-Ammoniten b) Mayaites transiens (W aagen) aus Nepal bekannt geworden. Prograyiceras aff. graji Spath Häufig dagegen sind Beschreibungen der Funde Alligaticeras obliqueplicatnm (W aagen) aus Spiti und Niti nordwestlich von Nepal, worüber Pacbyplanulites subevolutns (W aagen) Uhlig (1910, S. 3—10) ausführlich berichtet. P. cf. subevolutns (W aagen). In neuerer Zeit schreibt T ilman (1951, S. 268) A rkell (1956, S. 413, 414) gibt seine Bestim­ über das Vorkommen von Jura-Ammoniten bei mung der bereits von Reed (1908) beschriebenen Muktinath. Exemplare von Muktinath aus dem Sedgwick- Ebenfalls 1951 sind es Ichac & Pruvost (S. 1723), Museum an. die in den Schiefern von Muktinath Elemente er­ 1960 erscheint eine erste geologische Aufnahme kannt haben, die für die Spiti-Fauna charakteristisch des oberen Kali Gandaki (Thakkhola) von Hagen, sind. Es sind dies: die 1957 abgeschlossen wurde (1960, S. 707—719). Simbirskites nepaulensis (Gray) ( ? Grajiceras) Aus dem von Hagen gesammelten Material be­ Paraboliceras himalajanum Uhlig schreibt Ryf (1962, S. 317—325) die Gattung Kossmatia cf. tenuistriata (Gray) Haplophylloceras Spath und erwähnt außerdem eine Belemnites gerardi Oppel (Belemnopsis). Reihe anderer Gattungen, unter denen eine ältere Von der Deutschen Himalaya-Expedition 1955 und eine jüngere Faunengruppe unterschieden wer­ brachte Herr Studienprofessor F. L obbichler von den kann. Tange und Tagsa (nördlich Muktinath) gut erhaltene Zur Schichtenfolge der Tibetanischen Serie, zu Ammoniten mit, unter denen sich folgende Arten der die Schiefer von Muktinath gehören, und ihrer befinden (nach einer freundlichen Mitteilung von tektonischen Stellung äußern sich Bordet et alt. Dr. K. W. Barthel): (1964, S. 414—416, 854—856, 1425—1428). Aus dem 1. Tange Oberjura erwähnen sie Ammoniten des Oberoxford, Haplophylloceras strigile (Blanford) Kimmeridge und eine reiche Fauna des oberen Himalayites cf. stolic^kai Uhlig Tithon. Nach ihren Ausführungen zu urteilen endet Blanfordiceras (?) sp. (Bruchstück eines größeren die Schieferfazies mit dem obersten Jura, und die Exemplares) Kreide beginnt mit Pflanzen führenden Sandsteinen. Belemnopsis sp. Assoziiert mit der Kreide fanden sie jedoch einen 2. Tagsa schiefrigen Horizont mit Haplophylloceras strigile a) Blanfordiceras walUchii (Gray) drei Varietäten (Blanford). III. Gesteinsbeschreibung und Erhaltung der Fossilien Die in der Arbeit beschriebenen Stücke ent­ enthalten die Hauptmasse der Fossilien, oft auch stammen Aufschlüssen in der Nähe von Muktinath Pyrit, Kalk- und Eisenspat und Eisenglanz. und dem ungefähr 2 km nordwestlich liegenden Die Schiefer sind tektonisch stark gestört. Dieser Dorfe Chego. Umstand und die das Gestein weitgehend verhüllen­ den Lockermassen machten eine horizontierte Auf­ Das Gestein ist ein dunkler bis blauschwarzer sammlung leider unmöglich. Schiefer, der infolge starken Eisengehaltes bräunlich Nahezu alle Fossilien befinden sich im Zentrum verwittert. Massenhaft auftretende septarienartige einer Geode und liegen in Steinkernerhaltung vor. Geoden, deren Durchmesser im cm- bis m-Bereich Größtenteils sind die Skulpturelemente gut erkenn­ liegt, sind in die Schichtung eingeregelt. Oberfläch­ bar, allerdings sind die Innenwindungen wegen der lich ist das Gestein durch Verwitterung aufgelockert Härte des Gesteins nur schwer freizupräparieren. und läßt sich schürfen, nach unten jedoch wird es Häufig sind letztere auch durch Mineralisation (Pyrit fester und manche Partien sind splitterhart. Die innen und Kalkspat) zerstört. Reste der ehemaligen Schale schwarzen
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