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3.11 Socioeconomics Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing Draft EIS/OEIS June 2017 Draft Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.11 Socioeconomics .................................................................................................... 3.11-1 3.11.1 Introduction and Methods ................................................................................ 3.11-1 3.11.2 Affected Environment ....................................................................................... 3.11-2 3.11.2.1 Sources of Energy Production and Distribution ............................... 3.11-2 3.11.2.2 Mineral Extraction ............................................................................ 3.11-7 3.11.2.3 Commercial Transportation and Shipping ...................................... 3.11-10 3.11.2.4 Commercial and Recreational Fishing ............................................ 3.11-22 3.11.2.5 Aquaculture .................................................................................... 3.11-32 3.11.2.6 Tourism ........................................................................................... 3.11-33 3.11.3 Environmental Consequences ........................................................................ 3.11-35 3.11.3.1 Impacts on Accessibility .................................................................. 3.11-36 3.11.3.2 Impacts from Airborne Acoustics ................................................... 3.11-46 3.11.3.3 Physical Disturbance and Strike Stressors ...................................... 3.11-50 3.11.4 Secondary Stressors ........................................................................................ 3.11-56 3.11.5 Summary of Potential Impacts on Socioeconomics ........................................ 3.11-57 3.11.5.1 Combined Impacts of All Stressors Under Alternative 1 ................ 3.11-57 3.11.5.2 Combined Impacts of All Stressors Under Alternative 2 ................ 3.11-58 3.11.5.3 Combined Impacts of All Stressors Under the No Action Alternative ...................................................................................... 3.11-58 List of Figures Figure 3.11-1: Bureau of Ocean Energy Management Planning Areas................................................. 3.11-6 Figure 3.11-2: Oil and Gas Structures in the Gulf of Mexico ................................................................ 3.11-8 Figure 3.11-3: Active and Proposed Oil and Gas Pipelines in the Gulf of Mexico ................................ 3.11-9 Figure 3.11-4: Commercially Used Waterways and Major Ports in the Study Area ........................... 3.11-12 Figure 3.11-5: Commercial Landings Since 1950 in Atlantic Coast States .......................................... 3.11-24 Figure 3.11-6: Commercial Landings Since 1950 in Gulf Coast States ................................................ 3.11-24 Figure 3.11-7: Annual Recreational Catch of All Species for the 18 Coastal States (2010– 2014) .............................................................................................................................. 3.11-26 Figure 3.11-8: Top Five Recreational Species Caught in the Atlantic States (2010–2014) ................. 3.11-27 Figure 3.11-9: Top Five Recreational Species Caught in the Gulf States (2010–2014) ....................... 3.11-28 i Table of Contents Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing Draft EIS/OEIS June 2017 Figure 3.11-10: Percent of Catch in Federal Waters for Top Five Atlantic Coast Recreational Species (Measured By Number of Fish Caught) in 2014 ................................................ 3.11-29 Figure 3.11-11: Percent of Catch in Federal Waters for Top Five Gulf Coast Recreational Species (Measured By Number of Fish Caught) in 2014 ................................................ 3.11-29 Figure 3.11-12: Danger Zones and Restricted Areas in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean....................... 3.11-38 Figure 3.11-13: Danger Zones and Restricted Areas in the Mid-Atlantic Ocean ................................ 3.11-39 Figure 3.11-14: Danger Zones and Restricted Areas in the Southeast Atlantic Ocean and Eastern Gulf of Mexico................................................................................................... 3.11-40 Figure 3.11-15: Danger Zones and Restricted Areas in the Western Gulf of Mexico ......................... 3.11-41 List of Tables Table 3.11-1: Value of Top Commercial Fish Caught off Coastal States in the Study Area, 2014 ............................................................................................................................... 3.11-25 Table 3.11-2: Economic Benefit of Recreational Fishing Expenditures in the Northeast in 2014 ............................................................................................................................... 3.11-30 Table 3.11-3: Economic Benefit of Recreational Fishing Expenditures in the Mid-Atlantic in 2014 ............................................................................................................................... 3.11-30 Table 3.11-4: Economic Benefit of Recreational Fishing Expenditures in the Southeast Atlantic in 2014 .............................................................................................................. 3.11-31 Table 3.11-5: Economic Benefit of Recreational Fishing Expenditures in the Gulf of Mexico in 2014 ........................................................................................................................... 3.11-31 Table 3.11-6: Ocean Economy Data for the Tourism and Recreation Sector by State, 2013 ............. 3.11-35 ii Table of Contents Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing Draft EIS/OEIS June 2017 3.11 SOCIOECONOMICS SOCIOECONOMICS SYNOPSIS The United States Department of the Navy (Navy) considered all potential stressors that socioeconomics could potentially be exposed to from the Proposed Action. The following conclusions have been reached for the Preferred Alternative (Alternative 1): Accessibility: Limits on accessibility to marine areas used by the public (e.g., fishing areas) in the Navy training and testing areas would be temporary and of short duration (hours). Restrictions would be lifted, and conditions would return to normal upon completion of training and testing activities. Minimal impacts on commercial and recreational fishing and tourism may occur; however, limits on accessibility would not result in a direct loss of income, revenue or employment, resource availability, or quality of experience. No impacts on sources for energy production and distribution, mineral extraction, commercial transportation and shipping, and aquaculture are anticipated. Airborne Acoustics: Because the majority of Navy training and testing activities are conducted far from where tourism and recreational activities are concentrated, the impact of airborne noise would be negligible. The public may intermittently hear noise from transiting ships or aircraft overflights if they are in the general vicinity of a training or testing activity, but these occurrences would be infrequent. The infrequent exposure to airborne noise would not result in a direct loss of income, revenue or employment, resource availability, or quality of experience. No impacts on sources for energy production and distribution, mineral extraction, commercial transportation and shipping, and aquaculture are anticipated. Physical Disturbance and Strikes: Because the majority of Navy training and testing activities are conducted farther from shore than where most recreational activities are concentrated, the potential for a physical disturbance or strike affecting recreational fishing or tourism is negligible. In locations where Navy training or testing occurs in nearshore areas (e.g., pierside), the Navy coordinates with civilian organizations to assure safe and unimpeded access and use of those areas. Based on the Navy’s standard operating procedures and the large expanse of the testing and training ranges, the likelihood of a physical disturbance or strike disrupting sources for energy production and distribution, mineral extraction, commercial transportation and shipping, commercial and recreational fishing, aquaculture, and tourism would be negligible. Therefore, direct loss of income, revenue or employment, resource availability, or quality of experience would not be expected. 3.11.1 INTRODUCTION AND METHODS This section provides an overview of the characteristics of socioeconomic resources in the Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing (AFTT) Study Area (Study Area) and describes in general terms the methods used to analyze potential impacts on these resources from the Proposed Action. The Council on Environmental Quality regulations implementing the National Environmental Policy Act state that when economic or social effects and natural or physical environmental effects are interrelated, the Environmental Impact Statement/Overseas Environmental Impact Statement (EIS/OEIS) will discuss these effects on the human environment (40 Code of Federal Regulations [CFR] section 3.11-1 3.11 Socioeconomics Atlantic Fleet Training and Testing Draft EIS/OEIS June 2017 1508.14). The Council on Environmental Quality regulations state that the “human environment shall be interpreted comprehensively to include the natural and physical environment and the relationship of people with that environment.” To the extent that the ongoing and proposed Navy training and testing activities in the Study Area could
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