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Lighting Technology Overview 2015 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW DEVELOPED BY THE CALIFORNIA LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY CENTER, UC DAVIS © 2015, Regents of the University of California, Davis campus, California Lighting Technology Center Guide Prepared by: California Lighting Technology Center (CLTC) University of California, Davis 633 Pena Drive Davis, CA 95618 cltc.ucdavis.edu Project Partners: California Public Utilities Commission 2015 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW CONTENTS 1 | INTRODUCTION 2 | LED LAMPS & LUMINAIRES Introduction to LEDs ......................................... 6 Factors to Consider When Comparing LED Products ........................7 Interior LED Lamps & Luminaires ..................... 8 Omnidirectional (A19) Lamps ...................... 9 Directional Lamps ......................................12 Linear LED Retrofit Solutions .....................15 Track Lighting ............................................ 18 Recessed Downlights ............................... 20 Troffers & Surface Mounts ........................ 22 High Bay & Low Bay Lighting ................... 25 Parking Garage Luminaires ....................... 29 Outdoor LED Luminaires ................................ 32 Wall Packs ................................................ 33 Pole-Mounted Parking & Area .................. 35 3 | LIGHTING CONTROLS Introduction to Lighting Controls .................... 38 Unconventional Applications for Lighting Controls ............................................ 39 Networked Lighting Control Systems ............. 40 4 | REFERENCES........................................ 44 PHOTO: HONDAPHOTO: SMART HOME US, AMERICAN HONDA C0. MOTOR 4 2015 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW INTRODUCTION This document provides overviews of commercial and The 2015 LTO focuses on solid-state lighting (SSL) residential lighting technologies and strategies with products and lighting control systems. SSL continues the potential to significantly reduce California’s lighting to see exponential growth in commercially available energy1 use. Each overview represents a product or products and light-emitting diode (LED) efficacy. In practice that may warrant new or continued market particular, certain categories of LED products have transformation support from the state's investor-owned improved in their demonstrated ability to reduce energy utilities (IOUs). Some of these technologies and use in specific applications at a cost-effective price. strategies may require a higher initial investment by For example, LED high bay luminaires can now provide consumers when compared to standard lighting retrofit the luminous intensity and distribution needed for solutions, but they deliver high energy, peak demand, lighting large warehouses, making them a viable and CO2 savings over their lifetimes. With adequate alternative to replace metal halide (MH) or fluorescent support and utility incentives to reduce the initial luminaires in these applications. When the first LTO was purchase price, where applicable, consumer uptake compiled, there were few LED products serving this is expected to increase and product costs to drop. market and concerns about LED light output compared The original Lighting Technology Overview (LTO) was to incumbent technology. The product category is developed during a December 2008 lighting roundtable evolving and more products are now available for organized by the California Public Utilities Commission’s warehouse and high bay lighting applications. (CPUC) Energy Division. Attendees consisted of The LTO directly supports California as it works to meet utility representatives, researchers, manufacturers, its energy-efficiency and environmental policy goals. sustainability professionals, policy makers, public sector As an example, California is implementing the Lighting stakeholders, and lighting industry leaders. Participants Action Plan (LAP). The 2013 – 2015 LAP is designed to identified the energy-efficient lighting solutions most help achieve the goals described in the California Long relevant to their respective industries. Identified lighting Term Energy Efficiency Strategic Plan, which the CPUC solutions were included in the first LTO prepared in 2009. adopted in 2008 and expanded in 2010 to include a Similar roundtable meetings were organized in 2010 and lighting chapter. 1, 2, 3 The four integrated sections of the 2013 to review the LTO and suggest updates. In 2010, LAP focus on achieving the following vision: the LTO was revised and expanded to include an analysis of lighting best practices. In 2013, roundtable By 2020, advanced products and best participants expressed a need to update the LTO with practices will transform the California new technologies. This document includes the results lighting market to deliver a 60 to 80% of this update. reduction in statewide electrical lighting Each LTO summary includes a brief technology description, a general estimate of its energy savings energy consumption from 2010 levels. potential, a sample of available products and a list of Stakeholders may use the 2015 LTO to encourage relevant case studies. Note, some products featured the adoption of its recommended technologies. in past iterations of the LTO remain since they Demonstrations through emerging technology continue to offer significant energy savings, but have programs or inclusion in utility incentive programs not succeeded in receiving the market transformation will help accelerate each technology’s adoption rate support necessary to make them mainstream. and help achieve LAP savings goals. 2015 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW 5 LED LAMPS & LUMINAIRES2 UC DAVIS CLTC, PHOTO: INTRODUCTION TO LEDS The development and engineering of LEDs goes Correlated color temperature (CCT) can be provided back more than a half century, with the first practical for almost any range, but CCT outside a typical range application of LEDs coming in 1962. LEDs for general of 2,500 to 5,000K for most applications is usually illumination building applications emerged in the not desirable. Lower CCT LEDs are available down early 2000s. LEDs produce light by different physical to 1,900K but efficacy suffers. Lower CCT generally processes than conventional lighting sources. means lower efficacy. A 1,900K LED may have an LEDs do not utilize electrical filaments, electrodes efficacy of 20 lm / W and low color rendering index (CRI). or gaseous discharge processes to produce light. A high CRI is important for applications where color Instead, LEDs emit light through a process called rendering is valued. To achieve the right light for the solid-state electroluminescence. Electroluminescence application, efficacy, CCT and CRI should be evaluated is an optical and electrical phenomenon in which a with the site-specific needs in mind. material emits light in response to the passage of an There are many advantages to using LED technology electric current or to a strong electric field. White light as compared to traditional incandescent, fluorescent is achieved by mixing colored light from multiple, single or high-intensity (HID) sources. color LEDs or adding phosphor coatings to the LEDs, 1. The lifetime of an LED product is significantly longer which absorb one color light and emit multiple colors than most alternatives, which reduces product that appear white when combined. replacement, maintenance and recycling costs. LEDs are highly directional, spot sources. Light is 2. LEDs are fully dimmable, last longer when emitted from a very small surface area on the LED dimmed, and are not affected by ON-OFF chip so the output must be diffused using secondary cycling, which makes them well suited for methods such as lenses or reflective optics. use with lighting controls solutions. The efficacy of LEDs is rapidly improving, with some 3. LEDs are good for certain applications in cold commercial products delivering 170 lumens per watt environments, since efficacy and life both (lm / W). 4 Product life also continues to increase, with increase with lower operating temperature. current rated life in the range of 25,000 to 100,000 hours. 6 2015 LIGHTING TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN COMPARING PRODUCTS LED lighting solutions should deliver similar, if not ∙ Light output and distribution: For retrofit projects, better, photometric and electrical performance model how the light will be delivered to the space compared to the products they claim to replace. before assuming a one-for-one retrofit from existing Near-term market acceptance will be driven by the technologies to LEDs. LED luminaires may not products' initial performance and their ability to meet provide the same illuminance levels on task surfaces or exceed user expectations for characteristics such even if they have a similar distribution pattern to as initial light output, color, and dimming. Long-term predecessor technologies. Evaluate photometric market acceptance will be driven by the products' data and modeling of the existing layout with new longevity and their electrical and photometric LED products to help determine if a new lighting performance throughout its life. Consider the design is needed. following when selecting LED lamps and luminaires: ∙ Dimming: When reviewing LED product choices, ∙ LED light engines or modules: LED technology opt for dimmable lamps and luminaires. Dimming is still new, and not all LEDs or components are can save energy, extend the life of an LED product, created equal. Consult with a lighting professional and allow for customized control of illumination about the vintage of the LEDs
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