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Fish and Wildlife Service Boltonla Decurrens(D.Currentfalse ~ ~ 559&~ FiIj~ ~ / ~ *~N~1 Thju~u~P%~ 25, 1988 1 Proposed Rules aster~a wet peafrie’ perennial, as a threateneds~~’eeiesinider the authirity of theEhthn!ered Species Actof19~3, as amended. Twelve populations are knownto be extent in five Illinois counties, and two populations, orta of which is divided into two subpopulatkons, are knownin one Missouri county. The plant is believed extirpated from 13 othercounties in Illinois and three counties in Missouri. It is threatened by destruction and modification of the floodplain forest along the Illinois and Mississippi rivers due to wetland drainage and agricultural expansion. Because of extensive row crop cultivation within the watersheds of these rivers, habitat of the decurrent false aster is continually being modified or destroyed by heavy siltation. This proposed rule,ifmade final, will extend the Act’s protection to Boltonia decurrens. Critical habitat is not proposed forthis plant The Service seeks data and comments from the public on this proposed rule. DATES: Comments from all interested parties must be recieved by April 25, 198& P~blichearingrequests must be received by April 11, 1988. ADDRESSES: Comments and materials concerning this proposal should be sent to the Endaegered Species Division, US. Fish and Wlb~ffeService, Federal Building, Fort Snelling. Twin Cites, Minnesata 55111. Comments and materials received will be availabLe for public inspecifon. by appointment, during normal business hours at the above address. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT James M. Engel,Endangered.Species Coordinator (see ADDRESSES section) at 612/725—3276 or FRS 725—3276~ SUPN.EMaNTARY INFOR*SATIOIe Background Boitonia decurrens, a member of the Aster family was reeognmed as a disthlct .peciesbyrSchwagman and Nyboer (1985). H~ewr~the taxon has gone be mouynames in the past. Torrey and Gray (1&tlJ fhet described it as Fish and Wildlife ServIce Boik,niu gkistifi~11aL’Hec beta decwrs’nr. Subsequently. Wood (18691 50 CFR Part 17 described it asBc/tonic decwTens~ Engleman (1884) a,B~asteroides (L) Endangered and Threatened Wildlife L’Her. var. decurreno end Femald and and Plants; Proposal To D*termhie Griscem (1510) consIdered itA Boltonla decurrens(D.currentfalse Iati~.zamev~deerzrrens. According to aster) to Bs .Thr.atsnad Species Schwegmsn and Nybeer (19653b most AGENCY: FISh and WI&5I4Serrine~ taxonomists considered the one Interior. distinctivefeature of the faxonto be leaf ACTION: Proposed rule. base. that me decament dewn the stem. However, Fernald and Grisconr (1940) suu~ The Service proposes to list attached mole significance to the Boitonia decurrens (Decurrent false underground parts and qualified their Federal Register / Vol. 53, No. 37 / Thursday, February 25, 1988 I Proposed Rules 5599 treatment of Boltonia latisquama var. were plowed up and one succumbed to The Endangered Species Act decurrens pending ftirther analysis of forest succession), but two new Amentments of 1982 required that all the underground parts of Bo/tonia. Thus, populations were discovered. These 12 petitions pending as of October 13, 1982, Schwegman and Nyboer (1985) Illinois populations are located along the be treated as having been newly undertook a comprehensive study of the Illinois River in Morgan, Schuyler, submitted on that date. The deadline for roots and rhizomes of Boltonia Fulton, and Marshall counties, and one a finding on those petitions, including asteroides var. recognita and Boltonia along the Mississippi River in St. Clair the one for B. decurrens, was October riecurrens and concluded that B. County. In addition, two populations are 13, 1983. On October 13, 1983; October decurrens is clearly separated from B. presently known from St. Louis County, 12 1984; October 11, 1985; October 10, asteroides var. recognita by its Missouri (S. Morgan, Missouri 1986; and again on October 13, 1987; the decurrent leaves and the lack of long Department of Conservation, pers. petition finding was made that listing B. white creeping rhizomes, Schwegman comm., and B. Stebbins, Fish and decurrens was warranted but precluded and Nyboer (1985) observed that where Wildlife Service, pers. comm.). by other pending listing actions, in Boltonia decurrens and Boltonia Schwegman and Nyboer (1985) report accordance with section 4(b)(3)(B)(iii) of asteroides var. recognita were found that the extant populations in Illinois the Act. Such a finding requires a growing together, the former never had are found in disturbed alluvial soil recycling of the petition, pursuant to rhizomes, and the latter always habitats such as old agricultural fields, section 4(b)(3)(C)(i) of the Act. This produced them. roadsides, and disturbed lake shores. proposed rule constitutes the final Boltonia decurrens, a perennial, The plant is found in similar habitat finding on the petitioned action in reproduces both vegetatively, by (disturbed areas) in Missouri (J.H. accordance with section 4(b)(3)(B)(ii) of producing basal shoots, and sexually. It Wilson, Missouri Department of the Act. will grow to a height of 1.5 meters (59 Conservation, pers. comm.). Summary of Factors Affecting the inches). sometimes reaching heights of Kurz (1981) identifies associated open Species more than two meters (79 in.). It is forest species of Boltonia decurrens to characterized by conspicuous decurrent include Acersaccharinuin, Populus Section 4(a)(1) of the Endangered leaves that are linear to lanceolate, deltoides, Platanus occidentalis, Betula Species Act (16 U.S.C. 1531 et seq.) and about 5—15 cm (2—6 in.) long and 5—20 nIgra, Salix nigra, and Acernegundo. regulations promulgated to implement mm (.2—.8 in.) wide. The lower leaves are Herbaceous associates are Polygonum the listing provisions of the Act {50 CFR generally broader and longer. The pensylvanicum. Leersia oryzoides, Part 424) set forth the procedures for inflorescence is branched and Xanthium strumarium, and Bidens adding species tothe Federal lists. A somewhat leafy with several aster-like aristosa. Because of frequent flooding, speciesmay be determinedto be heads with yellow disks 7—14 mm (.3—.8 both the overstory and understory are endangered or threatened due to one or in.) wide. The rays are white to purple often open. more of the five factors described in (more frequently purple or violet than Boltonia asteroides was first section 4(a)(1). These factors and their white) and 1—1.8 cm (.4—.7 in.) long. recommended for Federal listing as a application to Boltonia decurrens (Torr. Aster-like flower heads about the size of threatened species by the Smithsonian & Gray) Wood are as follows: a quarter-dollar appear on the tallbushy Institution in its December 15, 1974, A. The Present or Threatened plants from July to October. report to Congress, “Reporton Destruction, Modification, or Boltonia decurrenswas first collected Endangered and Threatened Plant Curtailment of its Habitat or Range by Dr. Short about 1841 in habitat Species ofthe United States.” On July 1, Boltonia decurrens is threatened by described as “wet prairies of Illinois”. 1975, the Servicepublished a notice in the elimination and modification of its Subsequent investigators, Morgan the Federal Register (40 FR 27823) of its floodplain habitat. Schwegman and (1980), Kurz (1981), and Schwegnian and acceptance of the Smithsonian Nyboer(1985) attribute this to the Nyboer (1985) list habitat as disturbed Institution report as a petition within the elimination ofwet prairies and marshes alluvial ground and open muddy shore context ofsection 4(c){2) (petition for agricultural development. As a result of the floodplain forest along the acceptance is now governed by section of the increased agricultural activities, Mississippi and Illinois rivers. 4(b)(3) of the Act). On December 15, flooding schemes have changed and historically, B. decurrenshas been 1980, the Service published a revised siltation has increased. Schwegman and known from this type of habitat along a notice of review for native plants (45 FR Nyboer (1985) also cite extensive 400-km (250-mile) stretch of river 82480). Boltonia asteroides var. rowcrop agricultural practices and floodplain from LaSalle, Illinois, on the decurrenswas included in that notice as numerous levee systems that increase Illinois River, downstream to St. Louis, a category 2 species. the amount ofsilt deposited on river Missouri, on theMississippi River. An Category 2 species are those for which banks during floods, and contribute to outlying record, reported in 1976 but not the Servicebelieves additional data the problem.The increased amount of relocated since, is known from Cape must be obtained before a proposal to siltation is considered to be the main Girardeau, Missouri, about 195 km (120 list is warranted. On September 27, 1985 factor in the reduction of Boltonia miles) down the Mississippi River from (50 FR 39526), the Service again decurrens. Schwegnian (Ambrose 1986) St. Louis (Schwegman and Nyboer1985). publisheda revisednotice for native explains that the plant prefersmoist, It is thought to be extirpated from plants in the FederalRegister~Boltonia sandy areas, normally found around thirteen counties in Illinois. asteroides var. decurrens was included natural lakes in the Illinois River Extensive surveys for the plant were in that notice as a category 2 species. floodplain, however, these areas now conducted from 1980 to 1985 by The treatment of Boltonia decurrens by receive two tothree inches of silt per Schwegman and Nyboer (1985). These Schwegmanand Nyboer in 1985, and year, preventing seed
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