Ontonagon Case Study
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THE VILLAGE OF A CASE STUDY {ONTONAGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts A CASE STUDY THE VILLAGE OF ONTONAGON ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS Michigan Coastal Community FELLOWSHIP MENTORS Working Waterfronts Mark Breederland, Michigan Sea Grant Extension Emily Finnell, Office of the Great Lakes NOAA FELLOWSHIP ADVISORY COMMITTEE This case study was compiled as part of a set of 11 working Jon Allan Richard Norton John Warbach waterfront case studies in coastal communities. For more Dave Knight Chuck Pistis Ronda Wuycheck information on the series, please see the Introduction, Carol Linteau Jennifer Read Lynelle Marolf Frank Ruswick Value and Context, Waterfront Land Use, Best Practices, and Recommendations and Next Steps sections. OFFICE OF THE GREAT LAKES AND SEA GRANT STAFF OTHER CASE STUDIES IN THIS SERIES: PREPARED BY Alpena Marquette Saugatuck Elizabeth Durfee Charlevoix Monroe Sault Ste. Marie 2011-2013 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coastal Manistee Muskegon Zone Management Fellowship with the Michigan Coastal Zone Manistique Port Huron Management Program and Michigan Sea Grant. Cover photos: Mineralogical Society of America, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. June 2013 | MICHU-13-727 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction ..............................................................4 FIGURES AND TABLES Summary .................................................................5 Figure 1. State of Michigan and Ontonagon County and aerial image of the Village of Context ...................................................................7 Ontonagon with Lake Superior and the Community Profile ................................................... 8 Ontonagon River ..................................................... 6 Community Overview .............................................. 9 Table 1. Intent, permitted uses and special uses of zoning districts that accommodate Waterfront History .................................................. 10 water-dependent uses and/or public access ......... 13 Waterfront Summary ............................................. 11 Figure 2. City of Ontonagon 2012 zoning districts .......................................................14 Zoning....................................................................14 Figure 3. Map of zoning adjacent to waterfront Infrastructure and Access ...................................... 17 and frontage by zoning category ........................... 15 Working Waterfront SWOT Analysis ..................... 18 Figure 4. Map of zoning and location of Tools, Strategies and Best Practices for water-dependent uses within a 1000-foot buffer Maintaining Working Waterfronts........................... 19 of water bodies and waterfront land area by zoning category ................................................ 16 Guiding Principles.................................................. 20 Figure 5. Classification of parcels within References and Resources ................................... 21 a 1000-foot buffer of water bodies by water dependency ................................................. 17 Table 2. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats related to maintaining Ontonagon’s working waterfront ................................................. 18 Elizabeth Durfee INTRODUCTION Many coastal communities have areas known fish stocks and regulations, aging and inadequate This case study: as working waterfronts — waterfront lands, infrastructure, decline in waterfront industry and n Characterizes one of many working waterfronts waterfront infrastructure and waterways that are economic recession — threaten the viability of found throughout Michigan’s diverse coastal used for water-dependent uses and activities. water-dependent businesses and access to the communities. These uses may include ports, small recreational public trust waters. Left unchecked, these threats n Identifies existing waterfront amenities, waterfront boat and fishing docks and other types of places can result in the slow loss of working waterfronts history, waterfront zoning and land area occupied or businesses where people use and access the and permanent conversion of waterfront property by water-related uses. water. Coastal communities’ working waterfronts to non-water-dependent uses. n offer economic and cultural value, contribute to a Highlights examples of waterfront challenges, community’s identity and are intrinsically tied to Active waterfront planning and the sharing and threats and opportunities as well as tools and a region’s natural resources. implementation of tools, resources and strategies strategies for maintaining the working waterfront. for maintaining and protecting working waterfronts A number of factors — such as population can ensure access for water-dependent uses and change, competing land uses and development activities, as well as preserve options for future pressure, fluctuations in water levels, changes in waterfront uses. ONTONAGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 4 SUMMARY Ontonagon, Michigan was founded The harbor is an economic catalyst Land use along the waterfront in in 1838 in the Northeastern Upper for the region and loss of industry Ontonagon consists of approximately Peninsula at the mouth of the along the waterfront has resulted in 80 percent mixed use and 20 percent Ontonagon River on Lake Superior. significant job loss. Closure of the residential zoning districts. Within Ontonagon is a small village in a rural, county’s last copper mine, Smurfit- a 1000-foot buffer of Lake Superior primarily undeveloped county. The Stone Corporation Paper Plant and and the Ontonagon River, land use village’s population peaked at 2,400 in the Upper Peninsula Shipbuilding consists of approximately 59 percent the 1970s. In 2010, the community’s Company resulted in significant local mixed use, 34 percent residential and population of 1,494 was 16 percent and regional employment and vacant 8 percent industrial districts. less than the 2000 population. waterfront property. In additional to economic hardship, Proximity to the Porcupine Mountains Recent economic setbacks, however, the remoteness of the community and and the Keweenau Peninsula, have resulted in the opportunity to its distance from markets, challenges recreational opportunities and mining re-envision the village’s waterfront. associated with retrofitting uniquely history draw visitors to the village. The village rezoned the former paper configured vacant buildings and the Ontonagon has approximately 7.6 mill property with frontage on Lake lack of easy access to the marina from miles of frontage on Lake Superior Superior and the Ontonagon River downtown Ontonagon on the opposite and the Ontonagon River. Ontonagon to mixed use to attract new residents side of the river present additional River provided transportation for and businesses and reserved the hurdles to the community’s working lumber, copper, coal and supported deep water port for future industry. waterfront. the fishing industry. Ontonagon was Ontonagon adopted a hybrid zoning the busiest port on Lake Superior circa ordinance with form-based code and Best practices for maintaining access 1880. waterfront mixed use districts that to the waterfront for the public and is designed to promote connection water dependent uses include creating The Ontonagon Harbor is a federally to and support physical access to a hybrid zoning ordinance to guide authorized deep draft commercial water resources. Additionally, the revitalization of the community’s and recreational harbor. The harbor community’s waterfront plans include formerly industrial waterfront by supports several dock facilities as increasing access to the lighthouse, enabling mixed use development well as a marina and boat launch. developing a water trail on the river along the waterfront and promoting There are over 1000 feet of publicly and continue to clean up contaminated connection t the public waterfront, accessible beach along the Lake property. open space and downtown through Superior shore as well as linear parks design, while maintaining deep water with fishing access within the village. access for future industrial use. ONTONAGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 5 ONTONAGON, MI Michigan Lake Superior Ontonagon County 100 miles N Village of Ontonagon Ontonagon River 1 mile N FIGURE 1. STATE OF MICHIGAN AND ONTONAGON COUNTY (LEFT) AND AERIAL IMAGE OF THE VILLAGE OF ONTONAGON WITH LAKE SUPERIOR AND THE ONTONAGON RIVER. ONTONAGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 6 CONTEXT Jurisdiction / Government Village Region Upper Peninsula County Ontonagon Land Area 2368 acres / 3.7 square miles Watershed/Subwatershed Lake Superior Basin / Ontonagon River Dominant Land Use of Subwatershed Forest Adjacent Bodies of Water Lake Superior, Ontonagon River Type of Water Body Great Lake, River Percent of Land Area within the CZM 17% Population (2010) 1,494 Percent of County’s Population 22% Percent of County’s Land Area <1% Urban / Suburban / Rural Rural Federally Authorized Harbors/Projects Ontonagon River Type of Port Commercial, Recreational Elizabeth Durfee ONTONAGON Michigan Coastal Community Working Waterfronts Case Study 7 COMMUNITY PROFILE POPULATION EMPLOYMENT HOUSING n The population of Ontonagon Of the city’s population over age 16: n From 2000 to 2010, the total number declined 16 percent from 2000 to n 51 percent are in the labor force of housing units in Ontonagon 2010. In