Overview of the Future Programs at JLAB and EIC

Overview of the future programs at JLAB and EIC

Jianwei Qiu Theory Center, Jefferson Lab JeffersonOutline Lab of 12 the GeV rest Upgrade of my talk Project

The 12 GeV Upgrade greatly expands the research capabilities of Jefferson Lab, adding a fourth experimental hall – D, upgrading existing halls and doubling the power of the lab's accelerator.

Maintain capability to delier lower pass beam energies: 2.2, 4.4, 6.6, …

Project Scope • Doubling the accelerator beam energy – DONE • New experimental Hall D and beam line – DONE • Civil construction including utilities – DONE TPC = $338M • Upgrades to Experimental Halls B & C – ~99% 99% complete! • Halls B & C Detectors – DONE JLabOutline 12 GeV of Scientificthe rest of Capabilities my talk Outline of the rest of my talk

q The next QCD frontier – the “big” questions, … q JLAB12 and the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) q How JLAB12/EIC could answer the “big” questions? q Path forward to the EIC era – unique role of JLAB12 q Summary The next QCD frontier q What is the role of QCD in the evolution of the universe?

q How hadrons are emerged from quarks and gluons? q How does QCD make up the properties of hadrons? Their mass, spin, magnetic moment, … q What is the QCD landscape of nucleon and nuclei? Color Confinement Asymptotic freedom Q (GeV) 200 MeV (1 fm) 2 GeV (1/10 fm) Probing momentum q How do the nuclear force arise from QCD? q ... Have to understand the role of glue! The next QCD frontier q Understanding the glue – the Next QCD Frontier!

q Gluons are weird particles! ² Massless, yet, responsible for nearly all visible mass “Mass without mass!”

Bhagwat & Tandy/Roberts et al The next QCD frontier q Understanding the glue that binds us all – the Next QCD Frontier!

q Gluons are weird particles! ² Massless, yet, responsible for nearly all visible mass ² Carry color charge, responsible for color confinement and strong force The next QCD frontier q Understanding the glue that binds us all – the Next QCD Frontier!

q Gluons are weird particles! ² Massless, yet, responsible for nearly all visible mass ² Carry color charge, responsible for color confinement and strong force but, also for asymptotic freedom

Nobel Prize, 2004 QCD perturbation theory The next QCD frontier q Understanding the glue that binds us all – the Next QCD Frontier!

q Gluons are weird particles! ² Massless, yet, responsible for nearly all visible mass ² Carry color charge, responsible for color confinement and strong force but, also for asymptotic freedom, as well as the abundance of glue JLAB12 Without gluons, there would be EIC NO nucleons, NO atomic nuclei… NO visible world! Unprecedented Intellectual Challenge! q Facts: ² We measure/detect leptons and hadrons ² No modern detector has been able to see quarks and gluons in isolation! q The challenge: How to probe the quark-gluon dynamics, quantify the hadron structure, study the emergence of hadrons, …, if we cannot see quarks and gluons? q Answer to the challenge: Theory advances: QCD factorization – matching the quarks/gluons to hadrons with controllable approximations! Experimental breakthroughs: Energy, luminosity and measurement – Unprecedented resolution, event rates, and precision probes, especially EM probes, … Quarks – Need the probe to “see” their existence, … Gluons – Varying the probe’s resolution to “see” their effect, … Jets – Footprints of energetic quarks and gluons QCD factorization is an approximation q Cross section with identified hadron(s) is NON-Perturbative! 2 2 2 DIS(x, Q )= = + + + +…

= + + + +…

2 2 2 2 = cq q(x, Q )+cg g(x, Q )+cqg Tqg( x ,Q )+cgg Tgg( x ,Q ) ⌦ ⌦ ⌦ { } ⌦ { } Probe structure + kn /Qn, F 2n /Qn + ... O h T i h i Leading power Linear contribution Power corrections Non-Linear contribution DGLAP regime … Multi-parton correlations k2 F 2 c q(x, Q2)+c g(x, Q2)+ h T i, h i,.. Non-perturbative ⇡ q ⌦ g ⌦ O Q2 Q2 ✓ ◆ physics neglected Approximation – Leading power/twist factorization! or in input PDFs! How to “see” and quantify the hadron structure? q EM probe: Not a camera! Collision by photon exchange with a large momentum transfer: Q e.g. Photon momentum: q2 = – Q2 in DIS q Resolution: 1/Q ~ 1/10 fermi = 10-14 cm = 2 GeV-1 1/Q Breit frame (Brick-Wall frame) in DIS: 1/Q

q =(q0,q ,qz)=(0, 0 , Q) ? ? p =(Q/2, 0 ,Q/2) ? xB = x = Q/(2Pz) 1/P / z Resolution in Breit frame: q High energy: boosted partonic structure

Could be the P P1 1 same as this!

Time dilation! JLAB12 & the Electron-Ion Collider (EIC) q A giant “Microscope”: – “see” quarks/gluons and their dynamics by breaking the hadron

γ*, Z0, .. e p 1/Q Q < 1/10 fm

“see” the non-linear dynamics of the glue! q A sharpest “CT”: – “imagine” the quark/gluon structure without breaking the hadron – “cat-scan” the nucleon and nuclei with better than 1/10 fm resolution – “see” the proton “radius” of quark/gluon density JLAB – Valence region – “explore” the range of color force EIC – Sea & gluons Many complementary probes at one facility q High energy and luminosity Lepton-hadron facility:

Q2 àMeasure of resolution y à Measure of inelasticity x à Measure of momentum fraction of the struck quark in a proton Q2 = S x y

Inclusive events: e+p/A à e’+X Detect only the scattered lepton in the detector

Semi-Inclusive events: e+p/A à e’+h(π,K,p,jet)+X Detect the scattered lepton in coincidence with identified hadrons/jets

Exclusive events: e+p/A à e’+ p’/A’+ h(π,K,p,jet) Detect every things including scattered proton/nucleus (or its fragments) How to answer the “big” questions? q How does QCD generate the nucleon mass? “… The vast majority of the nucleon’s mass is due to quantum fluctuations of quark-antiquark pairs, the gluons, and the energy associated with quarks moving around at close to the speed of light. …” The 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science q Hadron mass from Lattice QCD calculation:

Input

How does QCD generate this? The role of quarks vs that of gluons? If we do not understand proton mass, we do not understand QCD How to answer the “big” questions? q Three-pronged approach to explore the origin of hadron mass ² Lattice QCD ² Mass decomposition – roles of the constituents ² Model calculation – approximated analytical approach

https://phys.cst.temple.edu/meziani/proton-mass-workshop-2016/ How to answer the “big” questions? q Three-pronged approach to explore the origin of hadron mass ² Lattice QCD ² Mass decomposition – roles of the constituents ² Model calculation – approximated analytical approach

http://www.ectstar.eu/node/2218 How to answer the “big” questions? q How does QCD generate the nucleon mass? “… The vast majority of the nucleon’s mass is due to quantum fluctuations of quark-antiquark pairs, the gluons, and the energy associated with quarks moving around at close to the speed of light. …” The 2015 Long Range Plan for Nuclear Science q Role of quarks and gluons? ² QCD energy-momentum tensor:

² Trace of the QCD energy-momentum tensor: (g) T ↵ = F µ⌫,aF a + m (1 + ) ↵ 2g µ⌫ q m q q q=Xu,d,s QCD trace anomaly (g)= (11 2n /3) g3/(4⇡)2 + ... f ² Mass, trace anomaly, chiral symmetry break, and … J/Ψ, Υ, … p T µ⌫ p pµp⌫ p T µ⌫ p (g ) pµp⌫ (g )=m2 h | | i/ h | | i µ⌫ / µ⌫ 2 ↵ (g) 2 m p T ↵ p p F p /h | | i 2g h | | i Heavy quarkonium production near the threshold, from JLab12 to EIC How to answer the “big” questions? q How does QCD generate the nucleon’s spin? 1 1 = ⌃ +G +(L + L ) 2 2 q g Proton Spin

Quark helicity Best known Gluon helicity Start to know Orbital Angular Momentum of quarks and gluons 30% Little known ⇠ 20%(with RHIC data) Spin “puzzle” ⇠

If we do not understand proton spin, we do not understand QCD How to answer the “big” questions? q How does QCD generate the nucleon’s spin? 1 1 = ⌃ +G +(L + L ) 2 2 q g Proton Spin q What can JLab12 and EIC do?

CLAS12

Plus many more JLab12 experiments – flavor New role of the lattice calculations

Lattice QCD X-dep distributions q New ideas – from quasi-PDFs (lattice calculable) to PDFs:

² High Pz effective field theory approach: Ji, et al., 1 2 2 arXiv:1305.1539 2 dy x µ 2 ⇤ M q˜(x, µ ,Pz)= Z , q(y, µ )+ , y y P O P 2 P 2 1404.6680 Zx ✓ z ◆ ✓ z z ◆ ² QCD collinear factorization approach: Ma and Qiu, 1 dy x µ2 1 arXiv:1404.6860 q˜(x, µ2,P )= , ,P f(y, µ¯2)+ 1412.2688 z y Cf y µ¯2 z O µ2 f Z0 ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ Ishikawa, Ma, Qiu, X Yoshida, 1609.02018 Non-perturbative lattice UV renormalization: Monohan, Orginos, Effective mass renormalization, Gradient flow, … 1612.01584 … q The TMD Collaboration + on-going effort around the world! Plus the intense JLab and world-wide theory effort! New role of the lattice calculations

Lattice QCD X-dep distributions q New ideas – from quasi-PDFs (lattice calculable) to PDFs:

² High Pz effective field theory approach: Ji, et al., 1 2 2 arXiv:1305.1539 2 dy x µ 2 ⇤ M q˜(x, µ ,Pz)= Z , q(y, µ )+ , y y P O P 2 P 2 1404.6680 Zx ✓ z ◆ ✓ z z ◆ ² QCD collinear factorization approach: Ma and Qiu, 1 dy x µ2 1 arXiv:1404.6860 q˜(x, µ2,P )= , ,P f(y, µ¯2)+ 1412.2688 z y Cf y µ¯2 z O µ2 f Z0 ✓ ◆ ✓ ◆ Ishikawa, Ma, Qiu, X Yoshida, 1609.02018 Non-perturbative lattice UV renormalization: Monohan, Orginos, Effective mass renormalization, Gradient flow, … 1612.01584 … q Tremendous potentials! PDFs of proton, neutron, pion, …; TMDs, GPDs, …; JLab12 expts How to answer the “big” questions? q How does QCD generate the nucleon’s spin? 1 1 = ⌃ +G +(L + L ) 2 2 q g Proton Spin

To understand the proton spin, fully, we need to understand the confined motion of quarks and gluons in QCD

TMDs, GTMDs, …

Need “probes” for two-scale observables! Two-momentum-scale observables q Cross sections with two-momentum scales observed: Q Q 1/R ⇤ 1 2 ⇠ ⇠ QCD

² Hard scale: Q 1 localizes the probe to see the quark or gluon d.o.f.

² “Soft” scale: Q 2 could be more sensitive to hadron structure, e.g., confined motion q Two-scale observables with the hadron broken:

Two-jet momentum + + imbalance in SIDIS, …

DY: Q>>P SIDIS: Q>>PT T

² Natural observables with TWO very different scales ² TMD factorization: partons’ confined motion is encoded into TMDs Two-momentum-scale observables q Cross sections with two-momentum scales observed: Q Q 1/R ⇤ 1 2 ⇠ ⇠ QCD

² Hard scale: Q 1 localizes the probe to see the quark or gluon d.o.f.

² “Soft” scale: Q 2 could be more sensitive to hadron structure, e.g., confined motion q Two-scale observables with the hadron unbroken: J/Ψ, Φ, …

+ + + … 2 t=(p1-p2) GPD DVCS: Q2 >> |t| DVEM: Q2 >> |t| EHMP: Q2 >> |t|

² Natural observables with TWO very different scales

² GPDs: Fourier Transform of t-dependence gives spatial bT-dependence How to answer the “big” questions?

q 3D boosted partonic structure:

kT which “glue” the quarksMomentum together. But experiments probing proton structure at the HERA Coordinate collider at Germany’s DESYSpace laboratory, and the increasing body of evidence from RHIC Space and LHC, suggest that this picture is far too simple. Countlexp ss other gluons and a “sea” of quarks and anti-quarks pop in and out of existence within eachhadron.Thesefluctuations bT can be probed in highTMDs energy scattering experiments:2 due to Lorentz time dilation, the 2 GPDs more we accelerate a proton and the closer∫d it getsbT to the speed of light, the longer are∫ the d kT lifetimes of the gluons thatConfined arise from the quantum fluctuations. An outside “observer” Spatial viewing a fast moving protonmotion would see the cascading of gluonslastlongerandlongerthe distribution larger the velocity of theWhy proton. So, inis effect, bydiffraction speeding theprotonup,onecanslow so great? Pt. 2 down the gluon fluctuations enough to “takef(x,k snapshots”) Two-scales of themwithaprobeparticlesent observables f(x,b ) to interact with the high-energy proton. T T In DIS experiments3D one momentum probes the proton space wave images function with a lepton,2+1D which coordinate interacts space images 2 with the proton by exchangingDiffraction a (virtual) photon sensitive with it (see tothe Sidebargluon on pagemomentum ... ). distributions : 2 The virtuality of the photon Q determines the size of the region in the plane1 z transverse − (1 z)⃗r to the beam axis probed by the photon: by uncertainty principle the region’s width is − Q >> P ~ k γ∗ ⃗r V = J/ψ, φ, ρ ∆r⊥ 1/Q.AnotherrelevantvariableisBjorkenx,whichisthefractionoftheprotonT T ∼ 2 2 2 momentum carried by the struck quark. At high energy x Q /W is smallz (W is the ≈ x x′ 2 2 ⃗ center-of-mass energy squared of the photon-proton system): therefore,Exclusive small x DIScorresponds b to high energy scattering. # $ g(x,Q ) Q >> |t| ~ 1/bT 1 t HERA Q2 = 10 GeV2 p Semi-inclusive DIS p′ HERAPDF1.7 (prel.) 0.8 HERAPDF1.6 (prel.) JLab12 experimental – valence uncertainty quarks, EIC – sea quarks and gluons model uncertainty xuv parametrization uncertainty ) 0.6 2 How does the gluon

xf(x, Q xf(x, 0.4 distribution saturate at xG (× 0.05) xd v small x? 0.2 xS (× 0.05)

10-4 10-3 10-2 10-1 1 x 18 Tuesday, June 12, 2012 18

Figure 1.1: Proton parton distribution functions plotted a functions of Bjorken x.Note that the gluon and sea quark distributions are scaled down by afactorof20.Clearlygluons dominate at small-x.

The proton wave function depends on both x and Q2.Anexampleofsuchdependence is shown in Fig. 1.1, representing some of the data reported byHERAforDISonaproton. Here we plot the x-dependence of the parton (quark or gluon) distribution functions (PDFs). At the leading order PDFs can be interpreted as providing the number of quarks and gluons with a certain fraction x of the proton’s momentum. In Fig. 1.1 one can see the PDFs of

4 TMDs: confined motion, its spin correlation q Power of spin – many more correlations: s

p kT

Require two Physical scales

More than one TMD contribute to the Similar for gluons same observable! q AN – single hadron production:

Transversity

Collins-type

Sivers-type SIDIS is the best for probing TMDs q Naturally, two scales & two planes: ↑↓ ll 1 NN− AUT(,ϕϕ h S )= P N ↑↓+ N Collins Sivers =++AUT sin(φφhS )AUT sin( φφhS− ) Pretzelosity +AUT sin(3φφhS− ) q Separation of TMDs: AhHCollins sin( ) ⊥ UT∝ φ h+φ S UT ∝ 11⊗ Collins frag. Func. from e+e- collisions ASivers sin( ) f ⊥ D UT ∝−φφhSUT ∝ 1T ⊗ 1 APretzelosity sin(3 ) h⊥⊥H UThST∝ φ −∝⊗φ UT 11

Hard, if not impossible, to separate TMDs in hadronic collisions

Using a combination of different observables (not the same observable): jet, identified hadron, photon, … TMD Topical Theory Collaboration

Coordinated Theoretical Approach to Transverse Momentum Dependent Hadron Structure in QCD (TMD Collaboration) Co-spokespersons: W. Detmold, J.W. Qiu

BNL MIT LBNL PSU-Berks U Maryland U Kentucky JLAB U Arizona U Virginia ODU LANL Duke U

NMSU

One of three DOE supported Topical Theory Collaborations Has 4 National Labs + 9 Universities TMD Topical Theory Collaboration q Objectives/Deliverables – 3D Confined Motion: Unique three pronged scientific effort:

(1) theory, (2) phenomenology and kT (3) lattice QCD, to explore 3D hadron structure – 3D confined motion! xp bT ² Matching x-section to parton motion – QCD factorization Sivers function ² Parton motion vs. probing scale – QCD quantum evolution – RHIC Run17 – W program ² Lattice QCD calculation of TMDs – QCD 1st principle prediction? ² Fast software to extract TMDs – Service to community Density distribution of an unpolarized ² JLab12 data, … quark in a proton moving in z direction and polarized in y-direction Why 3D nucleon structure? q Rutherford’s experiment – atomic structure (100 years ago):

Atom:

J.J. Thomson’s Rutherford’s Modern model plum-pudding model planetary model Quantum orbitals

1911 Discovery of nucleus Discovery of A localized Quantum Mechanics, charge/force center and A vast the Quantum World! “open” space q Completely changed our “view” of the visible world: ² Mass by “tiny” nuclei – less than 1 trillionth in volume of an atom ² Motion by quantum probability – the quantum world! q 3D nucleon/nuclear structure: ² Distribution and motion of quarks and gluons – confining mechanism? Why 3D nucleon structure? q Spatial distributions of quarks and gluons: Static Boosted Bag Model: Gluon field distribution is wider than the fast moving quarks. Gluon radius > Charge Radius

Constituent Quark Model: Gluons and sea quarks hide inside massive quarks. Gluon radius ~ Charge Radius

Lattice Gauge theory (with slow moving quarks): Gluons more concentrated inside the quarks Gluon radius < Charge Radius

3D Confined Motion (TMDs) + Spatial Distribution (GPDs) Relation between charge radius, quark radius (x), and gluon radius (x)? QS: Matter of Definition and Frame (II) How to answer the “big” questions?Infinite Momentum Frame: BFKL (linear QCD): splitting functions gluon density grows QS: Matter of Definition •and Frame (II) ⇒ q Run away gluon density at small x? • BK (non-linear): recombination of gluons ⇒ gluon density tamed Infinite MomentumWhat Frame: causes the low-x rise? • BFKL (linear QCD): splittinggluon radiation functions ⇒BFKL: gluon density grows BK adds: • BK (non-linear): recombination – non-linear ofgluon gluons interaction ⇒ gluon density tamed

At Qs: gluon emission balanced by recombination What tames the low-x rise?•

BFKL: gluon recombinationBK adds:) 2 T – non-linear gluon interactionk Unintegrated gluon distribution ~ 1/kT (x, φ • At Qs: gluon emission balanced by recombination depends on kT and x: T k

q QCD vs. QED:) the majority of gluons have 2 T k Unintegrated gluon distribution QCD – gluon in a proton: ~ 1/kT transverse momentum kT ~ QS (x, 1 φ ² At very small-x, proton is “black”,

2 d 2 ↵sNc dx0 2 depends on kT and x: Q xG(x,T Q ) x0G(x0,Q ) (common definition) k dQ2 ⇡ ⇡ x positronium is still transparent!density max. Zx 0 the majority of gluons have QED – photon in a positronium: transverse momentum? know khowT to~ QS ² Recombination of large numbersdo physics here d ↵ 2 Q2 x (x, Q2) em x (x, Q2) of glue(common could lead definition) to saturation density max. α ∼ 1 Λ Q α << 1 dQ2 ⇡ ⇡ 3 s QCD s s kT  phenomena 7 1 know how to dx0 2? 2 + do physics here + x0[e (x0,Q )+e (x0,Q )] x x0 Z Q αs ∼ 1 ΛQCD s αs << 1 kT 7 QS: Matter of Definition and Frame (II) How to answer the “big” questions?Infinite Momentum Frame: BFKL (linear QCD): splitting functions gluon density grows QS: Matter of Definition •and Frame (II) ⇒ q Run away gluon density at small x? • BK (non-linear): recombination of gluons ⇒ gluon density tamed Infinite MomentumWhat Frame: causes the low-x rise? • BFKL (linear QCD): splittinggluon radiation functions ⇒BFKL: gluon density grows BK adds: • BK (non-linear): recombination – non-linear ofgluon gluons interaction ⇒ gluon density tamed

• At Qs: gluon emission balanced by recombination QS: Matter of QDefinitionS: MatterWhat tames andof the Definitionlow-x Frame rise? (II) and Frame (II)

BFKL: gluon recombinationBK adds:) 2 T – non-linear gluon interactionk Unintegrated gluon distribution Infinite MomentumInfinite Frame: Momentum Frame: ~ 1/kT (x, φ • At Qs: gluon emission balanced by recombination depends on kT and x: BFKL (linear QCD): splittingBFKL functions(linear QCD): gluon splitting density functionsT grows ⇒ gluon density grows • Key Topic in eA:• GluonGluon Saturation saturation⇒ – Color (I) k Glass Condensate q Particle vs. wave) feature: the majority of gluons have 2 T BK (non-linear): Radiation recombination = Recombination of gluons gluon density tamed • BK (non-linear):k recombination• ofIn QCD,gluons the ⇒proton Unintegratedgluon is made density up tamedgluon⇒ distribution ~ 1/kT transverse momentum kT ~ QS ' (x, of quanta that fluctuate in and

& ()* φ ! depends on kT and x:

T (common definition) "##""$ out of existence k ! BFKL: BFKL: BK adds:= BKat adds: Qdensity max. pQCD Boosted proton:the majority of gluonss have evolution • ' ‣ Fluctuationstransverse time dilated on momentum ? know khowT to~ QS equation do physics here 21"& Leading to a collective gluonic system? • At Qs: gluon emission• Atbalanced Qs: gluon bystrong recombinationemission interaction balanced time by recombination 9 scales (common definition) max. density max. αs ∼ 1 ΛQCD Qs αs << 1 k ) with a universal property of QCD? T ) 2 T

2 ‣ T Long lived gluons can 7 k !+,-.+,/01 k know how toUnintegrated gluon distribution ~ 1/kT ? do physics here radiate~new 1/k furthereffective small theory x Unintegrated QCD – CGC? gluon distribution (x, 101345.,-.6+,/75".58/01 !"%"$ T (x, φ gluons!

φ depends on kT and x:

T -5 depends2 on k2T and x: T k αs ∼ 21")1 ΛQCD Qs Expectation:αs <<‣ 1Explosion x=10 of kgluonin a density proton at Q =5 GeV k the majority Tof gluons have ! violates unitarity the majority of gluons have7 transverse momentum kT ~ QS transverse momentum kT ~ QS New Approach: Non-Linear Evolution(common definition)

max. density max. (common definition) 2 • New evolution equations at low-x & low todensity max. moderate Q Saturation of gluonknow how densities to characterized by scale Q (x) • ? do physics here know how to s ? • Wave function is Color Glass Condensate do physics here 6 αs ∼ 1 ΛQCD Qs αs << 1 k TQ αs ∼ 1 ΛQCD s αs << 1 kT 7 7 DIS on a large nucleus q If we only see quarks and gluons, …

NLO in αs , neglects LO 2

Could there be overlap of color between nucleons?

² If color is localized inside the nucleon, using a large nucleus does not change gluon dynamics inside nucleon – no advantage for seeing the gluon saturation, – but, provides an opportunity to study QCD multiple scattering ² If color leaks outside of the nucleon inside a large nucleus, color interaction between nucleons modifies the nuclear landscape – large nucleus could have an advantage for discovering the universal properties of the gluon saturation “earlier” DIS on a large nucleus q If the color is localized inside nucleon, … Qiu, Vitev, PRL2004 ξ2 = 0.09 – 0.12 GeV2

One number for all xB, Q, and A dependence ! Ratio of F2: Shadowing vs. Saturation

Color localized inside nucleons

Saturation in RF2 = A No saturation in F2 Collision effects q A simple question: Will the suppression/shadowing continue to fall as x decreases? Ratio of F2: Shadowing vs. Saturation

Color localized inside nucleons

Saturation in RF2 = A No saturation in F2 Collision effects Color leaks outside Saturation nucleons q A simple question: in nucleon Soft gluon Will the suppression/shadowing radius is larger continue to fall as x decreases? The EIC Users Group: EICUG.ORG

(no students included as of yet) 670 collaborators, 28 countries, 150 institutions... (December, 2016) Map of institution’s locations

The EIC Users Meeting at Stony Brook, June 2014: à http://skipper.physics.sunysb.edu/~eicug/meeting1/SBU.html The EIC UG Meeting at University of Berkeley, January 6-9, 2016 http://skipper.physics.sunysb.edu/~eicug/meeting2/UCB2016.html Recent EICUG Argonne National Laboratory July 7-10, 2016 http://eic2016.phy.anl.gov Remote/Internet: meeting: March 16th : For NAS Review preparation

Next meeting: July 18-22, 2017 Trieste, Italy • Registration opening by April 30

EICUG MEETING – July 18-22 TRIESTE

eicug2017.ts.infn.it Summary q EIC is a ultimate QCD machine: 1) to discover and explore the quark/gluon structure and properties of hadrons and nuclei, 2) to search for hints and clues of color confinement, and 3) to measure the color fluctuation and color neutralization q JLAB/EIC are tomographic machines for nucleons and nuclei with a resolution better than 1/10 fm q EIC designs explore the polarization and intensity frontier, as well as the frontier of new accelerator/detector technology q JLAB12 is a prerequisite of the full EIC program, in addition to its own rich physics program q EIC@US is sitting at a sweet spot for rich QCD dynamics – capable of taking us to the next QCD frontier Thanks! US EIC – Kinematic reach & properties

10 3 Current polarized DIS data: For e-N collisions at the EIC: CERN DESY JLab SLAC 3 Current polarized BNL-RHIC pp data: ü Polarized beams: e, p, d/ He PHENIX π0 STAR 1-jet

2 ü Variable center of mass energy ) 10 2 0.95 0.95 2 ≤ ≤ y y ü Wide Q range à evolution ≤ ≤ (GeV 2

Q ü Wide x range à spanning from 10 s= 140 GeV, 0.01 s= 65 GeV, 0.01 √ √ valence to low-x physics EIC EIC ü 100-1K times of HERA Luminosity

-4 -3 -2 -1 10 10 10 10 1 x For e-A collisions at the EIC: ü Wide range in nuclei JLab12 ü Variable center of mass energy 2 ü Wide Q range (evolution) EIC ü Wide x region (high gluon densities) EIC explores the “sea” and the “glue”, the “valence” with a huge level arm