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Indian Archaeology 1972-73
INDIAN ARCHAEOLOGY 1972-73 —A REVIEW EDITED BY M. N. DESHPANDE Director General Archaeological Survey of India ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA NEW DELHI 1978 Cover Recently excavated caskets from Piprahwa 1978 ARCHAEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF INDIA GOVERNMENT OF INDIA Price : Rs. 40.00 PRINTED AT NABA MUDRAN PRIVATE LTD., CALCUTTA, 700004 PREFACE Due to certain unavoidable reasons, the publication of the present issue has been delayed, for which I crave the indulgence of the readers. At the same time, I take this opportunity of informing the readers that the issue for 1973-74 is already in the Press and those for 1974-75 and 1975-76 are press-ready. It is hoped that we shall soon be up to date in the publication of the Review. As already known, the Review incorporates all the available information on the varied activities in the field of archaeology in the country and as such draws heavily on the contributions made by the organizations outside the Survey as well, viz. the Universities and other Research Institutions, including the Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmadabad and the Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeobotany, Lucknow, and the State Departments of Archaeology. My grateful thanks are due to all contributors, including my colleagues in the Survey, who supplied the material embodied in the Review as also helped me in editing and seeing it through the Press. M. N. DESHPANDE New Delhi 1 October 1978 CONTENTS PAGE I. Explorations and Excavations ... ... ... ... ... ... ... 1 Andhra Pradesh, 1; Arunachal, 3; Bihar, 3; Delhi, 8; Gujarat, 9; Haryana, 12; Jammu and Kashmir, 13; Kerala, 14; Madhya Pradesh, 14; Maharashtra, 20; Mysore, 25; Orissa, 27; Punjab, 28; Rajasthan, 28; Tamil Nadu, 30; Uttar Pradesh, 33; West Bengal, 35. -
Ghfbooksouthasia.Pdf
1000 BC 500 BC AD 500 AD 1000 AD 1500 AD 2000 TAXILA Pakistan SANCHI India AJANTA CAVES India PATAN DARBAR SQUARE Nepal SIGIRIYA Sri Lanka POLONNARUWA Sri Lanka NAKO TEMPLES India JAISALMER FORT India KONARAK SUN TEMPLE India HAMPI India THATTA Pakistan UCH MONUMENT COMPLEX Pakistan AGRA FORT India SOUTH ASIA INDIA AND THE OTHER COUNTRIES OF SOUTH ASIA — PAKISTAN, SRI LANKA, BANGLADESH, NEPAL, BHUTAN —HAVE WITNESSED SOME OF THE LONGEST CONTINUOUS CIVILIZATIONS ON THE PLANET. BY THE END OF THE FOURTH CENTURY BC, THE FIRST MAJOR CONSOLIDATED CIVILIZA- TION EMERGED IN INDIA LED BY THE MAURYAN EMPIRE WHICH NEARLY ENCOMPASSED THE ENTIRE SUBCONTINENT. LATER KINGDOMS OF CHERAS, CHOLAS AND PANDYAS SAW THE RISE OF THE FIRST URBAN CENTERS. THE GUPTA KINGDOM BEGAN THE RICH DEVELOPMENT OF BUILT HERITAGE AND THE FIRST MAJOR TEMPLES INCLUDING THE SACRED STUPA AT SANCHI AND EARLY TEMPLES AT LADH KHAN. UNTIL COLONIAL TIMES, ROYAL PATRONAGE OF THE HINDU CULTURE CONSTRUCTED HUNDREDS OF MAJOR MONUMENTS INCLUDING THE IMPRESSIVE ELLORA CAVES, THE KONARAK SUN TEMPLE, AND THE MAGNIFICENT CITY AND TEMPLES OF THE GHF-SUPPORTED HAMPI WORLD HERITAGE SITE. PAKISTAN SHARES IN THE RICH HISTORY OF THE REGION WITH A WEALTH OF CULTURAL DEVELOPMENT AROUND ISLAM, INCLUDING ADVANCED MOSQUE ARCHITECTURE. GHF’S CONSER- VATION OF ASIF KHAN TOMB OF THE JAHANGIR COMPLEX IN LAHORE, PAKISTAN WILL HELP PRESERVE A STUNNING EXAMPLE OF THE GLORIOUS MOGHUL CIVILIZATION WHICH WAS ONCE CENTERED THERE. IN THE MORE REMOTE AREAS OF THE REGION, BHUTAN, SRI LANKA AND NEPAL EACH DEVELOPED A UNIQUE MONUMENTAL FORM OF WORSHIP FOR HINDUISM. THE MOST CHALLENGING ASPECT OF CONSERVATION IS THE PLETHORA OF HERITAGE SITES AND THE LACK OF RESOURCES TO COVER THE COSTS OF CONSERVATION. -
The Crafts and Textiles of Hyderabad and Telangana 11 Days/10 Nights
The Crafts and Textiles of Hyderabad and Telangana 11 Days/10 Nights Activities Overnight Day 1 Fly U.S. to Hyderabad. Upon arrival, you will be transferred to Hyderabad your hotel by private car. Day 2 The city of Hyderabad was constructed in 1591 by King Hyderabad Muhammad Quli Qutb Shah of the Qutb Shahi dynasty, which ruled this region of the Deccan plateau from 1507 to 1687. During this time, the Sultanate faced numerous incursions by the Mughals and the Hindu Marathas. In 1724, the Mughal governor of the Deccan arrived to govern the city. His official title was the Nizam- ul-Muluk, or Administrator of the Realm. After the death of Emperor Aurangzeb, he declared his independence and established the Asaf Jahi dynasty of Nizams. The Nizams of Hyderabad were known for their tremendous wealth, which came from precious gems mined in nearby Golconda (see Day 3), the area's natural resources, a vibrant pearl trade, agricultural taxes and friendly cooperation with the British. Much of the architecture still existing in Hyderabad thus dates from the reigns of the Qutb Shahi Sultans or the Nizams. European influences were introduced by the British in the 19th and 20th centuries. At the center of old Hyderabad sits the Charminar, or "four towers," which dates to 1591 and is surrounded by a lively bazaar and numerous mosques and palaces. This morning we will enjoy a leisurely walk through the area. We will stop to admire the colorful tile mosaics found inside the Badshahi Ashurkhana. This Royal House of Mourning was built in 1595 as a congregation hall for Shia Muslims during Muharram. -
Committee for Consultations on the Situation in Andhra Pradesh
COMMITTEE FOR CONSULTATIONS ON THE SITUATION IN ANDHRA PRADESH REPORT December 2010 THE COMMITTEE CHAIRPERSON Shri Justice B N Srikrishna (Retd.) Former Judge, Supreme Court of India MEMBER SECRETARY Shri Vinod Kumar Duggal, IAS (Retd.) Former Home Secretary, Government of India MEMBERS Prof (Dr.) Ranbir Singh Vice Chancellor, National Law University, Delhi Dr. Abusaleh Shariff Chief Economist /Senior Fellow, National Council of Applied Economic Research, Delhi Prof (Dr.) Ravinder Kaur Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, IIT, Delhi The Inter State Council Secretariat (ISCS) provided full secretarial assistance including technical and budgetary support to the Committee C O N T E N T S VOLUME - I Prologue i Approach and Methodology iv Acknowledgements xii List of Tables, Figures, Appendices xvii Abbreviations xxix Chapter 1 Developments in Andhra Pradesh-A Historical Background 1 Chapter 2 Regional Economic and Equity Analysis 63 Chapter 3 Education and Health 125 Chapter 4 Water Resources, Irrigation and Power Development 177 Chapter 5 Public Employment Issues 245 Chapter 6 Issues Relating to Hyderabad Metropolis 295 Chapter 7 Sociological and Cultural Issues 341 Chapter 8 Law & Order and Internal Security Dimensions 423 Chapter 9 The Way Forward 425 VOLUME - II Appendices 1-173 Index 174 “In ages long past a great son of India, the Buddha, said that the only real victory was one in which all were equally victorious and there was defeat for no one. In the world today that is the only practical victory; any other way will lead to disaster”. Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru speaking on „Disputes and Discord‟ in the United Nations General Assembly on October 3, 1960 Prologue It has not been an easy task. -
Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres Under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India
Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, The Republic of India Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India FINAL REPORT August 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. IDO JR 10-002 Maharashtra Tourism Development Corporation, The Republic of India Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in India FINAL REPORT August 2010 JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY ORIENTAL CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. PREFACE Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) conducted the Study on the Assistance to the Formulation of the Management Plan for Visitor Centres under the Ajanta Ellora Conservation and Tourism Development Project (II) in the Republic of India, and organized a study team headed by Mr. Yuuichi FUKUOKA of Oriental Consultants Co., Ltd. from March 2010 to August 2010. The study team held a series of discussions with the officials concerned of the Government of India, and conducted several field investigations. As a result of further studies in Japan, the present report was finalized. I hope that this report will contribute to the project and to the enhancement of friendly relations between our two countries. Finally, I wish to express my sincere appreciation to the officials concerned of the Government of the Republic of India for their close cooperation extended to the study team. August 2010 Shinichi YAMANAKA Chief Representative, JICA India Office Japan International Cooperation Agency SUMMARY SUMMARY 1. General This Summary is based on the main report which covers the findings and Operations and Management plans prepared by the JICA Study Team. -
Pomegranate Culture in Deccan Plateau of India
® Fruit, Vegetable and Cereal Science and Biotechnology ©2010 Global Science Books Pomegranate Culture in Deccan Plateau of India Ram Chandra* • Deodas Tarachand Meshram National Research Centre on Pomegranate, NH-9 By-pass Road, Shelgi, Solapur 413 006, Maharashtra, India Corresponding author : * [email protected] ABSTRACT The Deccan Plateau is a large plateau in India, making up the majority of the southern part of the country, ranging in elevation from 100 m in the north to 1000 m in the south. The main pomegranate producing areas are distributed between 300 and 950 m above mean sea level in hot arid and semi-arid regions having tropical and subtropical climate. Interestingly, the major production of pomegranate in India is from Deccan Plateau, especially from Maharashtra followed by Karnataka. The agro-climatic condition of Deccan Plateau is congenial for staggering of pomegranate production throughout the year. Maharashtra contributes about 84% in area and 75% in production of pomegranate in Deccan Plateau. Mainly three flowering seasons viz. winter (January-February flowering), rainy season (June-July flowering) and autumn season (September-October flowering) are promoted for fruit production in this plateau. In the present paper, information pertaining to Deccan Plateau and its climatic and soil conditions and existing cultivation practices of pomegranate has been envisaged. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Keywords: climatic conditions of Deccan -
Deccan Plateau
HAND OUTS (3/3) PHYSICAL FEATURES OF INDIA Acknowledgment 1) Reference : NCERT SOCIAL SCIENCE TEXT BOOK 2) Google Web page for Maps & images Deccan Plateau . a triangular landmass that lies to the south of the river Narmada. Satpura range flanks its broad base in the north . The Mahadev, the Kaimur hills and the Maikal range form its eastern extensions . It is higher in the west and slopes gently eastwards. An extension of the Plateau is also visible in the northeast– locally known as the Meghalaya, Karbi-Anglong Plateau and North Cachar Hills. It is separated by a fault from the Chotanagpur Plateau. Three Prominent hill ranges from the west to east are the Garo, the Khasi and the Jaintia Hills. The Western Ghats and the Eastern Ghats mark the western and the eastern edges of the Deccan Plateau respectively. A. Western Ghats . Lies parallel to the western coast. They are continuous and can be crossed through passes only. The Western Ghats are higher than the Eastern Ghats. Their average elevation is 900– 1600 metres. B Eastern Ghats . Its average height is 600 metres. The Eastern Ghats stretch from the Mahanadi Valley to the Nilgiris in the south. The Eastern Ghats are discontinuous and irregular and dissected by rivers draining into the Bay of Bengal. the Doda Betta (2,637metres). Mahendragiri (1,501 metres) is the highest peak in the Eastern Ghats. Shevroy Hills and the Javadi Hills are located to the southeast of the Eastern Ghats. Famous hill stations are Udagamandalam, popularly known as Ooty and the Kodaikanal. Important features of Peninsular Plateau • One of the distinct features of the peninsular plateau is the black soil area known as Decean Trap. -
Aurangabad a Historical City of Deccan India
“Knowledge Scholar” An International Peer Reviewed Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 01, Issue: 01, Nov. – Dec. 2014 eISSN NO. 2394-5362 AURANGABAD A HISTORICAL CITY OF DECCAN INDIA Syeda Amreen Sultana Dr. Abdullah Chaus M. A. 1 st Year History Lecturer Maulana Azad National Open University Dept. of History Maulana Azad Sub Centre Dr. Rafiq Zakaria College for Women Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India. Introduction The history of Aurangabad , a city in Maharashtra, India, dates to 1610, when it was founded by Malik Ambar, the Prime Minister of Murtaza Nizam Shah ofAhmadnagar, on the site of a village called Kharki. In 1653 when Prince Aurangzeb was appointed the viceroy of the Deccan for the second time, he made Fatehnagar his capital and called it Aurangabad. Aurangabad is sometimes referred to as Khujista Bunyad by the Chroniclers of Aurangzeb's reign. History of the City Malik Ambar made it his capital and the men of his army raised their dwellings around it. Within a decade, Kharki g a populous and imposing city. Malik Ambar cherished strong love and ability for architecture. Aurangabad was Ambar's architectural achievement and creation. However, in 1621, it was ravaged and burnt down by the imperial troops under Jahangir. Ambar the founder of the city was always referred to by harsh names by Emperor Jahangir. In his memoirs, he never mentions his name without prefixing epithets http://www.ksijmr.com Page | 115 “Knowledge Scholar” An International Peer Reviewed Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 01, Issue: 01, Nov. – Dec. 2014 eISSN NO. 2394-5362 like wretch, cursed fellow, Habshi, Ambar Siyari, black Ambar, and Ambar Badakhtur. -
Cannabis Sativa (Cannabaceae) in Ancient Clay Plaster of Ellora Caves
RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS Cannabis sativa (Cannabaceae) in medicine contain a number of references about Cannabis. The medicinal use of Cannabis was first recorded in ancient clay plaster of Ellora Caves, India in the medical work ‘Sushrita’ compiled around India 1000 BC (refs 8, 9) and finds mention in the ancient Per- sian literature Zend Avesta8. Cannabis has also been 1 2, listed in Indian texts such as Tajnighuntu and Rajbu- M. Singh and M. M. Sardesai * 8,9 1Archaeological Survey of India, Science Branch, Western Zone, lubha . According to these texts, Cannabis is used in the Aurangabad 431 004, India treatment for clearing phlegm, expelling flatulence, in- 2Department of Botany, Dr Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada ducing costiveness, sharpening memory, increasing elo- University, Aurangabad 431 004, India quence, as an appetite stimulant, for gonorrhea, and also as a general tonic. Moreover, the Hindus consider Can- The present research trend is to explore sustainable nabis as a holy plant, and it is used in Hindu festivals like construction materials having least environmental im- Shivratri even today. pact that also encapsulate in terms of our natural re- The stalk of hemp plant consists of fibres (soft and sources. The present communication discusses the use of raw hemp as an organic additive in the clay plaster flexible) and hurds (rigid and hard). Processing of C. sa- of the 6th century AD Buddhist Caves of Ellora, a tiva results in three basic constituents, namely shives or World Heritage Site. Cannabis sativa L. admixed in hurds (~62%) by weight plant fibres (~35%), and seed the clay plaster has been identified using scanning and dust with particle size less than 0.5 m (~4%). -
Ajanta, Ellora
AURANGABAD 2 nights / 3 days Aurangabad is one of the oldest cities in Maharashtra with a cultural heritage that includes, the Ajanta ‐ Ellora caves and Daulatabad Fort. The town is named after Aurangzeb, the last Mughal emperor, and has many places to see, admire and know about. Several fine Mughal monuments surround Aurangabad, including Aurangazeb's mausoleum for his wife, the 'Bibi‐ka‐Maqbara' resembling Taj Mahal. The city is also famous for its Bidri work and Himroo products. Day 01 MUMBAI‐AURANGABAD • Half day City tour • Local shopping • Overnight : Morning transfer to airport to connect flight for Aurangabad 1200 hrs : Arrive Aurangabad & check‐in at hotel 1400 hrs : Afternoon Aurangabad city tour Visit Bibi Ka Maqbara is an excellent example of Persian architecture. This monument was built around 1657‐1661, by the last Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, for his wife named Rabia Durrani. Panchakki is an impressive pre‐Mughal watermill harnessed to operate large grain‐grinding stones. It was built in 1624 to commemorate the memory of the Sufi saint Baba Shah Musafir, whose tomb lies nearby. Panchakki takes its name from the mill which was considered a marvel of engineering at that time. 1700 hrs : Evening at leisure to explore local bazaars : Overnight at hotel. Day 02 IN AURANGABAD • Visit Ajanta caves (closed on Mondays) • Overnight • 0830 hrs : Breakfast at hotel 0930 hrs : Excursion to Ajanta Nestling in an inner fold of the Sahyardi hills, 100 km from Aurangabad in the shape of a mammoth horse‐ shoe, are the 30 rock‐hewn caves of Ajanta. The Caves date from the 2nd century BC. -
Hotel Factsheet
WELCOMHOTEL RAMA INTERNATIONAL OVERVIEW Declared as the Tourism Capital of Maharashtra Recreating the magnificence of Ajanta and Ellora, and better known as the City of Gates, Aurangabad Welcomhotel Rama International offers the perfect is an important hub, given its close proximity to balance between modern amenities and the warmth significant tourist destinations, such as the caves of of Indian hospitality. Spread across 13 spacious acres Ajanta and Ellora, which have been declared as World of landscaped gardens, with recreational facilities and Heritage Sites by UNESCO, and the famous Mughal beautiful interiors, we invite you to discover one of monument, Bibi-ka-Maqbara. From Wali Dakhni and the world’s most vibrant cities through a comfortable Siraj Aurangabadi to Azad Bilgrami and Sikandar Ali stay at our property. We look forward to delighting Wajd, many prominent poets have emerged from this you with unparalleled experiences that carry a historically significant city. deeper meaning. ACCOMMODATION 136 luxurious rooms, including 44 Standard Rooms, 65 Executive Club Rooms, 22 Executive Club Exclusive Rooms, 4 Deluxe Suites and 1 Presidential Suite, ranging from 280 sq ft. to 850 sq ft. All accommodations offer: • Daily newspaper • Complimentary wired and wireless standard Internet access (2 mbps) • 24x7 room service • Complimentary coffee and tea making facility • Satellite LED TV • In-room electronic safe • Spacious bathroom with separate shower facility, amenities and hairdryer • Iron & ironing board In addition to the above-mentioned -
"Rural Heritage Management of Aurangabad City-Khanaqa"
“Knowledge Scholar” An International Peer Reviewed Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 01, Issue: 01, Nov. – Dec. 2014 eISSN NO. 2394-5362 "RURAL HERITAGE MANAGEMENT OF AURANGABAD CITY-KHANAQA" Dr. Farhat Tabassum Principal J S P M’s Mahila Kala Mahavidalaya Aurangabad. Maharashtra, India. The monuments of Aurangabad reflects the picture of two type of architecture, One is stand for mosque madarsas, tombs, musafirkhana, sarai and other are Mahal (Palaces), Gates and fortification walls(Fasil). The Indian rural heritage architecture which is entitled as a imperial style divided into five dynasties like Tughlaq, Khilji, Sayyedies and Mughal Dynasties respectively. From Alauddin toTuglaq a group of sufi settled in khuldabad and in this way the tradition of silsila began in Aurangabad during 17 th century. Khanqas is the place from where the tradition of descorses of sufi began. It is famous for building the faith of sufi descorses . Khanqas have usually a separate sufi apartment, there was open hall and the place for common visitors. One residential hall for disciple, One small room for sufi known as “Hujra” and kitchen room. Sufi had the cooks, their disciple use to clean the halls and visitors from morning to evening visited sufi for various purposes and sufi attended them very happily, discuss about their problems. http://www.ksijmr.com Page | 89 “Knowledge Scholar” An International Peer Reviewed Journal Of Multidisciplinary Research Volume: 01, Issue: 01, Nov. – Dec. 2014 eISSN NO. 2394-5362 The sufi played the role of physician and psychiatrist, also they use to solve the problem of people psychologically. After their death moselleaum have become the religious place and people even visited to their shrines.