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Four New Species of the Suckermouth Armored Catfish Genus Lasiancistrus (Loricariidae: Ancistrinae)

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Four New Species of the Suckermouth Armored Catfish Genus Lasiancistrus (Loricariidae: Ancistrinae) 241 Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 11, No.3, pp. 241-254, 7 figs., 2 tabs., November 2000 © 2000 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Miinchen, Germany - ISSN 0936-9902 Four new species of the suckermouth armored catfish genus Lasiancistrus (Loricariidae: Ancistrinae) Jonathan W. Armbruster* and Francisco Provenzano.... Species of a monophyletic group of loricariid catfishes from southern Venezuela were ~.~ four undescribed species were discovered. Placement of the species into a genus is difficult, and the ~'. p1aced in Lasiancistrus at least temporarily. The new species L. anthrax, L. dumus, L. nicoi, and L. tigris ue~'1he four species occur in Amazonas State in the upper Rio Orinoco, the Rio Ventuari, the Rio Casiquiare~ ~upper Rio Negro. Lasiancistrus anthrax also occurs in Bolivar State in the Rio Caura and the Rio Aro. The fouI'~ likely represent a monophyletic group based on the derived presence of extremely hypertrophied od~(jRthe pectoral-fin spine and hypertrophied odontodes along the snout margin in both sexes. ,' ... , ./.... Las especies de un grupo monofiletico de bagres loridridos del sur de Venezuela fueron ·~.f se descubrieron cuatro especies no descritas. La ubicacion de estas especies en un genero es dificul~ WJDfsmas han sido colocadas en Lasiancistrus temporalmente. Se describen las especies nueves LasiancistruS ~L. nicoi, L. dum us, y L. tigris. Las cuatro especies se encuentran en el Estado Amazonas, alto Rio Orinoco, Rfo'V~ Rio Casiquiare y alto Rio Negro. Solo la especie L. anthrax se encuentra en el Estado Bolivar, Rios eaw. y:/izo. Las cuatro especies aparentemente representan un grupo monofiletico ya que comparten caracteres·~ tales como: odontodes extremadamente hipertrofiados sobre la espina de la aleta pectoral y odontodeslUpieabofiados en el margen del hocico, en ambos sexos. Introduction been one such area. While examining fishes col­ lected in Amazonas, we became aware of a mono­ With approximately 645 valid species, the Lori­ phyletic group of species of the subfamily Ancis­ cariidae is the largest family of catfishes in the trinae that are characterized by evertible cheek world (Isbriicker, 1980; pers. obs.). Recent expe­ plates, a very dorsoventrally flattened body, ex­ ditions into areas that hitherto have been virtual­ tremely hypertrophied odontodes (integumenta­ ly unexplored have yielded many undescribed ry teeth) on elongated pectoral spines and along species and genera of the Loricariidae. Amazo­ the snout margin, and 3 rows of plates on the nas, the southernmost state of Venezuela, has caudal peduncle. In addition, it appears as if Department of Biological Sciences, 101 Cary Hall, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5414, USA. E-mail: [email protected] ** Instituto de Zoologia Tropical, Universidad Central de Venezuela, Apartado 47058, Caracas 1041-A, Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected] Ichthyol. Explor. Freshwaters, Vol. 11, No.3 242 females as well as males develop hypertrophied (2) only with L. anthrax and L. nicai, and (3) only snout and pectoral-fin odontodes, traits normal­ with L. dumus and L. tigris. Analyses include all ly restricted to nuptial males. Comparison of these measurements except for L. anthrax versus L. ni­ species with types and/ or original descriptions cai where adipose-caudal length and dorsal-fin of other loricariids has led us to the conclusion spine length are excluded so that all specimens that the species are undescribed. could be analyzed. The four new species described herein are Meristics are defined as follows: lateral line most similar to Lasiancistrus Regan. A review of plates are the number of plates bearing the later­ some type specimens and all original species al-line canal from the pterotic-supracleithrum up descriptions of Lasiancistrus reveals that Lasian­ to, but not including, the elongate plate that cov­ cistrus (sensu Isbriicker, 1980 and Heitmans et ers the insertion of the caudal-fin rays; dorsal al., 1982) is a polyphyletic taxon. At present, there plates are the number of plates below the dorsal are no published studies that diagnose Lasiancis­ fin; interdorsal plates are the number of lateral trus; however, the unpublished study of Arm­ plates that contact one another from the plate just bruster (1997) suggests that Lasiancistrus be re­ posterior to the dorsal-fin membrane up to, but stricted to those species that can be superficially not including, the median, unpaired preadipose recognized by the presence of long, narrow odon­ plate; adipose-caudal plates are the number of todes on the evertible cheek plates that look like lateral plates in a dorsal series beginning where whiskers. Sabaj et al. (1999) suggest a close rela­ interdorsal plates ended up to, and including, the tionship of Lasiancistrus sensu stricto with Ancis­ elongate plate that covers the base of the caudal­ trus based on the shared derived presence of fin rays; folded dorsal-fin plates are the number large tentacles on the snouts of males (in Lasian­ of plates below the dorsal fin to the posterior­ cistrus, the tentacles are not as large as those of most tip when the dorsal fin is completely de­ Ancistrus and they are associated with hypertro­ pressed (includes only those plates that the dor­ phied odontodes). The four new species lack sal fin completely surpasses); and postanal plates whiskerlike odontodes and large tentacles; how­ are the number of plates in a ventral series from ever, until the genera of Ancistrinae can be better the plates just posterior to the insertion of the last diagnosed and a phylogeny becomes available, it anal-fin ray up to, and including, the elongate is most conservative to describe the new species plate that covers the base of the caudal-fin rays. in Lasiancistrus. Plate counts are from the left side of the body. In this manuscript, L. anthrax, L. dumus, L. nicai Dorsal-, pectoral-, pelvic-, and anal-fin ray counts and L. tigris are described and compared, and are also included; the dorsal-fin spinelet is count­ some of the biogeographical aspects of their ev­ ed as a spine, and the first anal-fin ray is counted olution are discussed. The four species described as a spine. Counts for holotypes are in parenthe­ herein are referred to as the L. anthrax species ses in the species descriptions. group. Specimens were cleared and stained for ex­ amination of bone and cartilage using the meth­ ods of Taylor & Van Dyke (1985). Institutional Materials and methods abbreviations follow Leviton et al. (1985) with the addition of MAC-PAY for the non-perma­ Measurements are made with the use of digital nent collection of the Ministerio de Agricultura y calipers to the nearest 0.1 mm. Measurements Cria, Puerto Ayacucho. Comparative specimens and counts of bilaterally symmetrical features of other loricariids examined are listed in Arm­ are from the left side of the body when possible; bruster (1998). if a feature is missing or broken on the left side, it is examined on the right side. Measurements are as in Boeseman (1968) or as modified in Arm­ Diagnosis of L. anthrax species group bruster & Page (1996) and Armbruster & Hard­ man (1999). All measurements are natural log­ The L. anthrax species group differs from Lasian­ transformed and principal components analyses cistrus sensu stricto by lacking thin, whiskerlike (PCA) are performed using a covariance matrix odontodes on the evertible cheek plates and from in SYSTAT ver. 5.0 (Systat, 1992). Three PCA's all other ancistrines except Ancistrus, Dekeyseria, are completed: (1) with all species included, Exastilithaxus, Lithaxus, and Neblinichthys by hav- Armbruster & Provenzano: Four new Lasiancistrus 243 ing 3 rows of plates on the caudal peduncle (vs. Lasiancistrus anthrax, new species 4-5; all described Lasiancistrus that do not have (Fig. 1) whiskerlike odontodes have 4-5 rows of plates on the caudal peduncle). The L. anthrax species group Holotype. MBUCV V-18384, 123.7 mm SL; Ven­ further differs from Ancistrus by having plates ezuela, Estado Amazonas, Rio Orinoco backwa­ along the anterior margin of the snout (vs. ante­ ter behind sand beach ca. 0.5 hr. upstream from rior part of snout naked) and by lacking tentacles Isla Temblador, 03°04'N 66°28'W; B. Chernoff, W. on the snout; from Dekeyseria by lacking well­ G. Saul, J. Fernandez, O. Castillo & M. E. Anto­ keeled lateral plates; from Exastilithaxus by lack­ nio, 10 Mar 1987. ing frimbriae on the lower lip; from Exastilithaxus and Lithaxus by having much greater than 20 Paratypes. All from Venezuela, Estado Amazo­ teeth per jaw ramus; and from Neblinichthys by nas. ANSP 162175, 3, 50.7-112.5 mm SL; MBUCV lacking elongate odontodes on the top of the V-17545, 2, 67.3-105.2 mm SL; USNM 355199, 1, snout of breeding males. The key below serves to 85.7 mm SL; collected with holotype. - FMNH separate the species of the L. anthrax group and 106026,2,52.9-74.4 mm SL; Rio Ventuari, S side a similar, sympatric species referred to as Lasian­ of river ca 0.5 hr. (ca. 12 km) above mouth in Rio cistrus sp. (see Discussion). Orinoco, Laguna Pavon, 4°04'N 66°56'W; B. Chernoff, A & D. Machado & J. Wheeler, 24 Jan 1991. - AUM 28354, 1, 105.4 mm SL; FMNH Key to the species of the 106028,3,39.2-113.2 mm SL; MBUCV V-23104, 4, L. anthrax species group 74.6-122.17 mm SL; Rio Orinoco, Isla Cupoven, rocks and rapids; A & D. Machado & J. Wheeler, 1. - Body black, usually with white spots (the 29 Jan 1991. - MBUCV V-17562, 1, 120.3 mm SL; white spots may be faded and indistinct in Rio Orinoco, in rocks 1 km above La Esmeralda; preserved specimens). Dark bands absent B. Chernoff, W. G. Saul, J. Fernandez, O. Castillo on caudal fin. & M.
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