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Generation in Transition : Youth Study 2016

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Generation in Transition : Youth Study 2016 GENERATION IN TRANSITION Youth Study 2016 – Georgia © Friedrich-Ebert-SƟŌung The publicaƟon is iniƟated and funded by Friedrich- Ebert-SƟŌung. The views expressed in this publicaƟon are not necessarily those of the Friedrich-Ebert SƟŌung. Commercial use of all media published by the Friedrich-Ebert-SƟŌung (FES) is not permiƩed without the wriƩen consent of the FES. Friedrich-Ebert-SƟŌung South Caucasus Regional Oĸce Ramishvili Str. 4, 0179 Tbilisi, Georgia Friedrich-Ebert-Sung GENERATION IN TRANSITION Youth Study 2016 – Georgia Tbilisi 2017 GENERATION IN TRANSITION GEORGIA 2016 Tbilisi, 2017 PUBLISHERS Friedrich-Ebert-Sung (FES) South Caucasus Regional Office Ramishvili Str. 4, 0179 hp://www.fes-caucasus.org Tbilisi, Georgia Analysis and Consulng Team (ACT) Sairme hill #51, 0194 Tbilisi, Georgia FOR PUBLISHER Julia Bläsius, FES, Salome Alania, FES AUTHORS Sopho Omanadze, ACT Nino Gachechiladze, ACT Ana Lebanidze, ACT Sopo Chachanidze, ACT DESIGN Pertext, Berlin, www.pertext.de LTD PolyGraph, www.poly.ge TYPESETTING Gela Babakashvili, www.poly.ge ILUSTRATION Franziska Uhlig, www.franziskauhlig.de TRANSLATION & PROOFREADING Tamar Gogichaishvili Salome Minesashvili Suzanne Graham COVER PICUTRE Rawpixel.com (shuerstock.com) Map of Georgia: Gela Babakashvili (LTD PolyGraph) PRINT LTD PolyGraph PRINT RUN 150 pcs ISBN 978-9941-0-9604-4 Atudes, opinions and conclusions expressed in this publicaon- not necessarily express atudes of the Friedrich-Ebert-Sung. Friedrich-Ebert-Sung does not vouch for the accuracy of the data stated in this publicaon. © Friedrich-Ebert-Sung 2017 Foreword Like many post-Soviet states, the South Caucasus countries are sll in transion. Georgia rates as a lighthouse in the region in terms of many factors. The country has made considerable steps in terms of democrazaon as well as the transion into a market economy. The anchor for these steps is close cooperaon with the European Union. Euro-Atlanc integraon is the most important foreign policy nexus, and serves as a balance for the onholding tense relaonship with Russia. However, in terms of polical culture, Georgia is sll influenced by its Soviet legacy. The study at hand explores the worries, aspiraons, values and lifestyles of Georgia’s youth. Youngsters that are aged between 14 and 29 years today are the youngsters who grew up aer the break-down of the Soviet Union and in an independent Georgia. They are an important indicator for the relaonship to the Soviet legacy on one hand, and to the future development of their society on the other. The research involved a country-wide, representave survey that was conducted from May to June 2016 in Georgia among the youth aged between 14 and 29 years. It is orientated towards the Shell Youth Study that has been periodically conducted in Germany since 1953, and that has proven to be a valuable indicator of the society’s mid-term development. Friedrich-Ebert-Sung implemented a series of similar studies in Western Balkan countries, as well as in Central Asia. This study is part of a series in Eastern Partnership Countries, together with the Armenian study, that was the first one to be completed. All of the studies are designed to allow a comparison between the surveyed countries. The results of the study draw an interesng picture of Georgian youth by showing the challenges of young Georgians in terms of private, economic, and polical life. Youth in Georgia seem to sll separate private life from public/polical life, while their focus is strongly on their private life. The immediate family is the most trusted social reference point, and leading a good family life ranks among the top priories. At the same me, polical indifference among youngsters is high, with polical and civic engagement being relavely weakly developed. Trust levels towards polical instuons are low, and it is believed that the interests of young people are not adequately taken up by the government. The younger generaon also has achieved a consensus regarding accession to the EU and NATO, even though accession is considered to cause an increase in tension with Russia. Accession is linked to beer economic development and beer living condions. The young generaon of youngsters in Georgia is strongly aached to the preservaon of Georgian culture, tending to reproduce tradional values. The church, represenng these values, is the most trusted instuon. At the same me, levels of tolerance as well as wide acceptance of diversity and equality are very low. The survey also discloses huge disparies between youngsters in the capital and youngsters in rural areas, as well as between females and males. Whereas young people in rural areas tend to be more conservave, their peers in urban areas, especially in the capital, tend to pursue more liberal values. The study is supposed to be a starng point for deeper analysis and polical discussion. It is targeted to decision-makers, academics, NGOs, and youth organizaons both in Georgia and abroad. By indicang worries, aspiraons, and lifestyles, youth are given a voice. The study aims to fuel a debate on how to tackle the challenges youth struggle with in order to keep this rich potenal for the development of the country. To close, I would like to express my deep gratude to the whole ACT team, which has been a reliant and very professional partner in this project, especially Sopho Omanadze, who served as the head of the project team. I am also very thankful to Klaus Hurrelmann, Here School of Governance, for his valuable advice; to all of the Georgian experts that were involved as consultants; and – last but not least - to the FES Georgia team, especially the responsible project coordinator, Salome Alania, for her hard and excellent work. Julia Bläsius Director Regional Office South Caucasus Friedrich-Ebert-Sung Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ....................................................................................7 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................12 Cultural Capital ...........................................................................................13 Employment Status ....................................................................................14 Material status of the household of young people ....................................15 Financial and housing condions of young people ....................................16 EDUCATION AND EMPLOYMENT ...................................................................23 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................23 MAIN FINDINGS .............................................................................................26 ANALYSIS .........................................................................................................27 General Educaon Environment ................................................................27 Importance of Higher and Vocaonal Educaon ........................................31 Readiness of Graduates for the Labour Market .........................................34 Atudes towards Voluntary Work .............................................................41 Career Development and Goals ..................................................................41 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................44 DEMOCRACY AND GOVERNANCE ..................................................................45 INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................45 MAIN FINDINGS .............................................................................................47 ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................48 Democracy and Polics ...............................................................................48 Young People and Polical Parcipaon .....................................................55 Sources of Informaon on Polical Events .................................................60 Governance – Development Problems and Challenges .............................61 DISCUSSION ...................................................................................................65 YOUNG PEOPLE AND FOREIGN POLICY VIEWS ............................................67 INTRODUCTION ..............................................................................................67 MAIN FINDINGS ............................................................................................69 ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................70 EU / NATO Integraon .................................................................................70 DISCUSSION ....................................................................................................79 CONCERNS AND ASPIRATIONS ......................................................................81 INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................81 MAIN FINDINGS ............................................................................................84 ANALYSIS ........................................................................................................85 Sasfacon with Life ....................................................................................85 ASPIRATIONS TO MIGRATE ...........................................................................87
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