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Robust Summary for Petroleum Gases ROBUST SUMMARIES OF STUDIES USED TO CHARACTERIZE THE PETROLEUM GASES CATEGORY Submitted to the USEPA by The Petroleum HPV Testing Group www.petroleumhpv.org Consortium Registration # 1100997 October 19, 2009 1 Robust Summaries Of Studies Used To Characterize the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases Category Table of Contents Physico‐Chemical Data ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 MELTING POINT ......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 4 BOILING POINT ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 8 VAPOR PRESSURE ..................................................................................................................................................................................................... 12 PARTITION COEFFICIENT .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 16 WATER SOLUBILITY .................................................................................................................................................................................................. 19 PHOTODEGRADATION ............................................................................................................................................................................................. 23 STABILITY IN WATER ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 27 TRANSPORT BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL COMPARTMENTS (FUGACITY) .............................................................................................................. 30 BIODEGRADATION ................................................................................................................................................................................................... 34 ECOTOXICITY ................................................................................................................................................................................................................ 39 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Vertebrates ..................................................................................................................................................................... 39 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Invertebrates .................................................................................................................................................................. 45 Acute Toxicity to Aquatic Plants .............................................................................................................................................................................. 51 Human Health Effects Robust Study Summaries ......................................................................................................................................................... 57 Acute Toxicity ........................................................................................................................................................................................................... 58 2 Skin Irritation.......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 113 Eye Irritation .......................................................................................................................................................................................................... 115 Repeated DoseToxicity .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 118 Genetic Toxicity In Vitro ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 210 Genetic Toxicity In Vivo .......................................................................................................................................................................................... 245 Reproductive Toxicity ............................................................................................................................................................................................ 272 Developmental Toxicity ......................................................................................................................................................................................... 345 Exposure Experience .............................................................................................................................................................................................. 436 Additional Remarks ................................................................................................................................................................................................ 439 * within each health effects endpoint, the robust study summaries are presented in CASRN order for the substances as follows: 71‐43‐2 Benzene 106‐97‐8 Butane 74‐84‐0 Ethane 75‐28‐5 Isobutane (for C1 – C4 hydrocarbon fraction) 78‐78‐4 Isopentane 106‐98‐9 1‐Butene (for C1 – C4 hydrocarbon fraction) 106‐99‐0 1,3‐Butadiene 107‐01‐7 2‐Butene (for C1 – C4 hydrocarbon fraction) 124‐38‐9 Carbon dioxide 1333‐74‐0 Hydrogen No CASRN light naphtha (gasoline) stream (for C5 – C6 hydrocarbon fraction 7727‐37‐9 Nitrogen 109‐66‐0 Pentane 74‐98‐6 Propane 3 Physico-Chemical Data PHYSICAL-CHEMICAL SIDS MELTING POINT Category Chemical : Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases, multiple CAS numbers Test Substance : Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases, multiple CAS numbers Major and minor constituents comprising the CAS numbers in the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases Category: C1-C4 hydrocarbons representing alkane and alkene structures (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, n- butane, isobutane, 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene. Test Substance Purity/Composition and Other Test Substance Comments: C5-C6 hydrocarbons representing alkane, cycloalkane, alkene, cycloalkane, and aromatic structures (n-pentane, isopentane, cyclopentane, isopentene, cyclopentene, hexane, isohexane, cyclohexane, and benzene) Inorganic gases hydrogen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide (H2, N2, CO2). Category Chemical Result Type : See Test Plan and Category Analysis Test Substance Result Type : RESULTS Melting Indicator : Melting Point Input type : 4 Melting Point Range : Temperature: Melting point values for major and minor constituents in Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases cited in referenced literature sources. Constituent MP, °C Reference C1-C4 Hydrocarbons Methane -164 Lide (1990-1991) Ethane -88.6 Lide (1990-1991) Ethylene -102.4 Lide (1990-1991) Propane -42.1 Lide (1990-1991) Propylene -48 O’Neil, 2001 n-butane -0.5 Lide (1990-1991) Results Remarks : Isobutane -11.7 Lide (1990-1991) 1,3-butadiene -4.5 Budavari (1996) Isobutylene -6.9 Lide (1998-1999) C5-C6 Hydrocarbons C5 and C6 hydrocarbons of various classes (alkanes, alkenes, naphthenes, aromatics) and isomeric structures have melting points that range from -169°C (isopentene) to 6.5°C (cyclohexane) (Lide, 1998-1999; Budavari, 1996). The melting point of benzene is 5.5°C (Budavari, 1996). Inorganic Gases Hydrogen -252.8 Budavari (1996) Nitrogen -196 Budavari (1996) Carbon dioxide -78.5 Lide (1994) 5 STUDY/METHOD Key Study Sponsor Indicator : Year Study Performed : Method/Guideline Followed : Method/Guideline and Test Condition Remarks: GLP : Lide, D.R. (ed.). 1990-1991. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 71st ed. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL. Lide, D.R. (ed.). 1998-1999. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics. 79th ed. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, FL. Lide, D.R., and G.W.A. Milne (eds.). 1994. Handbook of Data on Organic Compounds. Volume I. 3rd ed. CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton ,FL. p. V3: 2660. Study Reference : O'Neil, M.J. (ed.). 2001. The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. 13th Edition, Merck and Co., Inc. Whitehouse Station, NJ. Budavari, S. (ed.). 1996. The Merck Index - An Encyclopedia of Chemicals, Drugs, and Biologicals. Merck and Co., Inc., Whitehouse Station, NJ. RELIABILITY/DATA QUALITY Reliability : 2 Reliability Remarks : This data compendium utilized, to the extent possible, peer reviewed journal articles and reference databases to 6 characterize the endpoint values for constituents in Petroleum Hydrocarbon gases. 7 PHYS CHEM BOILING POINT Category Chemical: Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases, multiple CAS numbers Test Substance: Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases, multiple CAS numbers Major and minor constituents comprising the CAS numbers in the Petroleum Hydrocarbon Gases Category: C1-C4 hydrocarbons representing alkane and alkene structures (methane, ethane, ethylene, propane, propylene, n-butane, isobutane, 1,3-butadiene, isobutylene. Test Substance Purity/Composition
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