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Benthic Macroinvertebrate Bycatch in the Snail Zidona Dufresnei (Donovan) Fishery from the Uruguayan Continental Shelf

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Benthic Macroinvertebrate Bycatch in the Snail Zidona Dufresnei (Donovan) Fishery from the Uruguayan Continental Shelf Benthic macroinvertebrate bycatch in the snail Zidona dufresnei (Donovan) fishery from the Uruguayan continental shelf 1,2 1 3 GUSTAVO RIESTRA , JUAN PABLO LOZOYA , GRACIELA FABIANO , ORLANDO 3 4 SANTANA & DANIEL CARRIZO 1 Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, Montevideo-Uruguay. e-mail: [email protected] 2 Museo de Historia Natural “Dr. Carlos Torres de la Llosa”, Uruguay. 3 Dirección Nacional de Recursos Acuáticos, La Paloma-Uruguay. 4 Instituto de Investigaciones Químicas y Ambientales de Barcelona, Spain. Abstract. The benthic macroinvertebrate fauna associated with the fishery of “caracol fino” Zidona dufresnei (Mollusca, Gastropoda) was analysed during three fishery cruises in the Uruguayan continental shelf. Species composition, richness, diversity and qualitative dominance were estimated from the examination of the bycatch of 172 fishing hauls using a double bottom otter trawl. In the Uruguayan Atlantic waters 55 species of macroinvertebrates were associated with Z. dufresnei, being molluscs and crustaceans the dominant taxa in species number and frequency of occurrence. Two gastropods (Adelomelon beckii and Tonna galea), two decapod crustaceans (Libinia spinosa and Propagurus gaudichaudii), one asteroid (Astropecten brasiliensis), and one Actiniaria ind. were the most representative species in the “caracol fino” bycatch. Further studies considering unexplored bathymetric gradients are strongly recommended, they will help to fill our current gap in the knowledge of the macrobenthic diversity in the Uruguayan continental shelf. Key words: Benthic macrofauna, fauna associated, diversity, qualitative dominance, Uruguay. Resumen. Captura incidental de macroinvertebrados bentónicos en la pesquería de caracol fino Zidona dufresnei en la plataforma continental uruguaya. La fauna de macroinvertebrados bentónicos asociada a la pesquería de “caracol fino” Zidona dufresnei (Mollusca, Gastropoda) en la plataforma continental uruguaya fue estudiada en base a tres cruceros de pesca. Se determinó la composición y riqueza específica, diversidad y dominancia cualitativa mediante el análisis de 172 lances efectuados con red de arrastre de fondo. Se registraron 55 especies de macroinvertebrados asociadas a Z. dufresnei en el Atlántico uruguayo, resultando los moluscos y los crustáceos los taxa dominantes en número y frecuencia de ocurrencia. Dos gasterópodos (Adelomelon beckii y Tonna galea), dos crustáceos decápodos (Libinia spinosa y Propagurus gaudichaudii), un asteroideo (Astropecten brasiliensis), y un Actiniaria ind. fueron las especies más representativas en el bycatch del “caracol fino”. Se recomienda considerar nuevos gradientes batimétricos a los efectos de profundizar en el conocimiento de la diversidad macrobentónica en la plataforma continental uruguaya, en futuros estudios. Palavras Clave: Macrofauna bentónica, fauna asociada, diversidad, dominancia cualitativa, Uruguay. Introduction started to foresee the potential effects of the Bottom trawling and the use of other active fishery generalized disturbance of the sea floor due to the techniques disrupt marine bottoms in the same way growth in number and capacity of the fleet of bottom as logging affects forest ecosystems. Although it is trawlers (Watling & Elliot 1998). easy to recognize the effects of deforestation on Unrestricted fishery has different impacts on biological diversity and economic sustainability, marine ecosystems. Fishery has direct effects on concern for the loss of marine benthic habitats as a target species, reducing populations and stocks, result of fishery is far less common. In fact, it was affecting body size composition, and in some cases not until the middle of 1980’s that marine biologists spawning biomass. Moreover, it has also indirect Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2006), 1 (2): 104-113 Benthic macroinvertebrate bycatch in Zidona dufresnei Uruguayan fishery. 105 effects on predator-prey interactions, modifying Materials and Methods community structure, even generating temporal Study Area alternative states. A genetic selection of certain size The study was carried out in the classes and reproductive characteristics can also be north-eastern zone of the Uruguayan continental promoted, reducing or removing local stocks. Two shelf, between 34º20' - 35º22' Lat S and additional indirect perturbations associated with the 52º47' - 54º53' Long W, which represents the fishery are the bycatch or mortality of non-target most important fishing grounds for Zidona dufresnei species, and the reduction of habitat complexity, in Uruguay (DINARA 1997). The snail’s fishing particularly by bottom trawling (Kaiser et al. 2001). area is 30 to 70 m deep (Fig. 1), with sandy, muddy, Coastal macrobenthic communities are and occasionally rocky bottoms. This zone ecologically and economically important. They is influenced by the Malvinas and Brazil currents, provide a number of ecological services to mankind, plus a significant flow of fresh water from the Río not restricted to their role in the nutrient and organic de la Plata, which results in a peculiar matter recycling and as supporting biomass for hydrographical system (Guerrero & Piola 1997, fishes (Caddy 1989). Ortega & Martínez ‘in press’). Given their relevance, identification of priority areas for marine conservation is critical, and in order to do so, basic knowledge on macrobenthic diversity is essential (Costello 1998). Exploratory studies on macrobenthic spatial patterns will contribute to a more responsible use of the marine environment (Van Hoey et al. 2004). Unfortunately, large portions of the coastal sea-bed, particularly in the Southern Hemisphere, remain poorly described, even in aspects as basic as species composition and habitat associations. The knowledge on faunal composition at the continental shelf will facilitate the prediction of potential impacts resulting from the development and growth of demersal fisheries, and will help to identify species potentially important Figure 1. Portion of the Uruguayan continental shelf where from a socio-economic point of view. fishing operations were carried out. Although several studies have described benthic communities in the South Atlantic region Sampling and laboratory methods (Buckup & Thomé 1962, Olivier et al. 1968, Escofet A total of 172 fishing hauls were undertaken et al. 1978, Roux et al. 1993, Capitoli 1996, Klein et during three commercial fishing trips (September al. 2001, Giberto et al. 2004), studies focusing on and November 2000, and May 2001), with scientific the benthic associations in the Uruguayan shelf are observers from the National Direction of Aquatic rather scarce (Juanicó & Rodríguez-Moyano 1975, Resources (DINARA) on board (Fig. 1). Milstein et al. 1976, Riestra 2000). Most of these Commercial outrigger trawlers, rigged to tow one previous studies focused on specific groups such as bottom otter trawl on each outrigger, were used in molluscs (Olivier & Scarabino 1972, Scarabino the three fishing trips where benthic 1973, Layerle & Scarabino 1984), decapod macroinvertebrate samples were taken (FAO 2005). crustaceans (Itusarry 1984), echinoderms (Barattini The trawls employed in the Z. dufresnei fishery had 1938, Bernasconi 1966, Lucchi 1985) and a 100 mm mesh size between opposed knots, a polychaetan annelids (Faget 1983). The focus of this mouth framed by a headline with floats providing a study encompasses an array of these invertebrates, maximum vertical opening of 1.5 m and a ground analyzing the benthic macroinvertebrates associated gear with chains, designed according to the bottom with the marine gastropod Zidona dufresnei condition to maximize the catches and protect the (Donovan, 1823), a volutid snail locally known as gear from damage. “caracol fino”, an important fishery resource in the Samples of the benthic macroinvertebrate Uruguayan continental shelf. bycatch were taken along each one of the three Pan-American Journal of Aquatic Sciences (2006), 1 (2): 104-113 106 G. RIESTRA ET AL. campaigns and from each fishing haul, labelled and Bycatch fixed in 10% formaldehyde. Afterwards, in the The macroinvertebrate bycatch associated laboratory, the organisms collected were identified with the snail Zidona dufresnei fishery in the to the lowest possible taxonomic level, in most of Uruguayan continental shelf included 55 species the cases to species level. Sampling location (GPS), (data of all trips combined). These species belong to depth, speed and tow’s duration were also registered 5 phyla (Table I and II): mollusks (45%) and for each fishing haul. The total swept area (square arthropods (36%) were the most represented, nautical miles: nm2) in each campaign was followed by echinoderms (7%), cnidarians (7%) and calculated using the vessel speed, the maximum annelids (6%). horizontal gear opening and the duration of each trawl. Species richness and diversity The total number of species (S) identified Data analyses in September 2000 (S = 33 species) was larger than Mean species richness (Sm) for each in November 2000 (S = 31 species) and May 2001 trip was obtained from the species richness of (S = 25 species). However, the total number of each haul, based on the number of benthic species, the mean species richness and the mean macroinvertebrate species obtained. Mean diversity diversity did not differ significantly among (Shannon-Weaver 1979: H’m) for each campaign campaigns (Table II). was also calculated, using the diversity of each haul. A Chi-square test (χ2) was performed to test for Qualitative
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