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Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki

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Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki CPB Corporate Partnership Board Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki Case-Specific Policy Analysis Shared Mobility Simulations for Helsinki Case-Specific Policy Analysis The International Transport Forum The International Transport Forum is an intergovernmental organisation with 59 member countries. It acts as a think tank for transport policy and organises the Annual Summit of transport ministers. ITF is the only global body that covers all transport modes. The ITF is politically autonomous and administratively integrated with the OECD. The ITF works for transport policies that improve peoples’ lives. Our mission is to foster a deeper understanding of the role of transport in economic growth, environmental sustainability and social inclusion and to raise the public profile of transport policy. The ITF organises global dialogue for better transport. We act as a platform for discussion and pre- negotiation of policy issues across all transport modes. We analyse trends, share knowledge and promote exchange among transport decision-makers and civil society. The ITF’s Annual Summit is the world’s largest gathering of transport ministers and the leading global platform for dialogue on transport policy. The Members of the ITF are: Albania, Armenia, Argentina, Australia, Austria, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Canada, Chile, China (People’s Republic of), Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Georgia, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, India, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Kazakhstan, Korea, Latvia, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Mexico, Republic of Moldova, Montenegro, Morocco, the Netherlands, New Zealand, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Russian Federation, Serbia, Slovak Republic, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, Ukraine, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. International Transport Forum 2, rue André Pascal F-75775 Paris Cedex 16 [email protected] www.itf-oecd.org Case-Specific Policy Analysis Reports The ITF’s Case-Specific Policy Analysis series presents topical studies on specific issues carried out by the ITF in agreement with local institutions. This work is published under the responsibility of the Secretary-General of the ITF. The opinions expressed and arguments employed herein do not necessarily reflect the official views of ITF or OECD member countries. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS – 3 Acknowledgements This report is part of an ongoing series of studies at the International Transport Forum on shared mobility in different urban and metropolitan contexts. Funding for this specific project was provided by Helsinki Region Transport (HSL), City of Helsinki, City of Espoo, City of Vantaa and the Finnish Transport Agency. The local project group was led by Sini Puntanen (Director of Transport System and Research Department, HSL Helsinki Region Transport) and included Tapani Touru (Head of Transport System Group, HSL Helsinki Region Transport), Pekka Räty (Research Specialist, HSL Helsinki Region Transport), Heikki Palomäki (Transport Planner, HSL Helsinki Region Transport), Heikki Hälvä (Head of Transport System Unit, City of Helsinki), Samuel Tuovinen (Planning Manager, City of Espoo), Tiina Hulkko (Traffic Engineer, City of Vantaa), Jukka Peura (Road and Transport Planning Specialist, Finnish Transport Agency), Asta Tuominen (Head of Unit and Organization, Finnish Transport Agency), Krista Huhtala-Jenks (Ministerial adviser, Ministry of Transport and Communications). The principal author of this report was Francisco Furtado, with technical advice by Luis Martinez and support from Olga Petrik of the International Transport Forum. The project was supervised by Jari Kauppila. Philippe Crist provided valuable comments and Liv Gudmundson copy-edited the manuscript. SHARED MOBILITY SIMULATIONS FOR HELSINKI — © OECD/ITF 2017 TABLE OF CONTENTS – 5 Table of contents Executive summary ....................................................................................................................................... 7 Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 11 Simulation modelling framework .............................................................................................................. 15 Agent-based model: Users, vehicles and dispatchers ................................................................................ 15 Characterisation of the case study ............................................................................................................. 17 Modelling current travel ............................................................................................................................. 21 Travel options ............................................................................................................................................ 21 Mode choice model .................................................................................................................................... 23 Synthetic mobility sets ............................................................................................................................... 25 Understanding preferences of potential users .......................................................................................... 31 Participants’ socio-demographic and mobility backgrounds ..................................................................... 32 Focus group ............................................................................................................................................... 34 Stated preference survey ............................................................................................................................ 35 Review of users preferences ...................................................................................................................... 43 Setting the shared mobility scenarios ........................................................................................................ 47 Car replacement ......................................................................................................................................... 48 Bus replacement ......................................................................................................................................... 50 Impacts on the city and transport system ................................................................................................. 53 Aggregate results ....................................................................................................................................... 53 Congestion ................................................................................................................................................. 59 Reductions and changes to parking requirements and infrastructure......................................................... 60 Increases in metro and rail ridership .......................................................................................................... 64 Potential changes in accessibility............................................................................................................... 67 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................... 68 Performance indicators ............................................................................................................................... 71 Quality of service ....................................................................................................................................... 71 Operational performance ........................................................................................................................... 78 Costs .......................................................................................................................................................... 80 Electric vehicle fleet .................................................................................................................................. 82 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................... 83 SHARED MOBILITY SIMULATIONS FOR HELSINKI — © OECD/ITF 2017 6 – TABLE OF CONTENTS Conclusions .................................................................................................................................................. 85 Key findings ............................................................................................................................................... 85 Future research needs ................................................................................................................................. 87 References .................................................................................................................................................... 89 Annex 1. Depots and Taxi-Bus stops .......................................................................................................... 91 Annex 2. Example of a stated preference survey question ...................................................................... 92 Annex 3. Baseline congestion .....................................................................................................................
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