DOCSLIB.ORG

Osteology of Skull

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Osteology of Skull OSTEOLOGY OF SKULL DR.AHA SHIRAHATTI ANATOMY PART 1 CONTENT • State the division of the • Openings in the skull and skull bones the structures that pass through them • Important sutures • Identify the skull bones, the parts and there relevant structures from • Fontanelles different views of the skull – • bony landmarks • 1. Norma verticalis • 2. Norma frontalis • 3. Norma occipitalis INTRODUCTION • Skull- skeleton of the head. • Consists f- 22 / 28 (6 – EAR OSSICLES) several bones joined to gather to form cranium • Composed of a series of flattened or irregular bones which are joined together by immoveable fibrous joints -sutures. CRANIUM • Skeleton of head it is made up of brain case cranium &facial bones • Divided—1)Neurocranium-Bony case for brain. It contains brain, cranial nerve ,blood vessels. Made of 8 (14 , 6 –EAR OSSICLES) bones. • Divided in to skull cap-roof formed by flat bones & cranial base or floor these bones are irregular bones • 2)Viscerocranium (facial skeleton) – • Facial bones.. • These bones surrounds mouth, nose, eyeball etc . Cranial skeleton(8) bones) Paired bones • 1)Parietal bones • 2)Temporal bones Unpairedu • 1)Frontal • 2)Occipital • 3)Sphenoid • 4)Ethmoid • Facial skeleton(14 bones ) • Paired bones 1)Maxilla 2)Zygomatic 3)Nasal 4)Lacrimal 5)Palatine 6)Inferior nasal concha • Unpaired bones 1)Mandible 2)Vomer ANATOMICAL POSITION • Orbitomeatal plane (Frankfort horizontal plane)— Plane passing through inferior orbital margin & sup. margin of external acoustic meatus. Skull can be studied in following ways A)As a whole : 1)Exterior of skull A)Norma verticalis B)Norma occipitalis C)Norma lateralis D)Norma frontalis E)Norma basalis 2)Interior of skull after removing skull cap B)Individual bones of face & skull • Norma frontalis • Norma lateralis • Norma occipitalis • Norma basalis NORMA VERTICALIS • Viewed from above the outline of skull is oval or circular. Three sutures (1) coronal sutures • (2) sagittal sutures • (3)lambdoidal suture, • On either side of the sagittal suture are the parietal eminence and parietal 11 •Parietal bones -Part of the superior and lateral surfaces of the cranium -articulate with each other – sagittal suture -articulate with occipital, frontal, temporal and sphenoid bones • Junction of the sagittal and coronal suture is named the bregma, that of the sagittal and lambdoid sutures, the lambda; • 1. anterior • 2. posterior • 3. 2 antriolateral • 4. 2 posteriolateral CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Anterior view: Norma Frontalis Includes: forehead pair of orbits Malar prominence ant nasal aperture teeth bearing upper and lower jaw Maxillary Bones • Upper jaw Alveolar processes • Anterior roof of mouth Maxillary sinuses • Floors of orbits Palatine process • Sides of nasal cavity Largest bone • Floors of nasal cavity • Zygomatic Bones • Cheekbones • Lateral wall of orbit along with sphenoid • Part of zygomatic arch along with part of temporal • Palatine Bones (2) • ‘L’ shaped bones located behind the maxillae • Posterior section of hard palate • Floor of nasal cavity Perpendicular • Lateral walls of portion Coronal section nasal cavity Horizontal portion 18 • Inferior nasal concha – Located in nasal cavity – Increase epithelial surface – Create turbulence in inspired air • Lacrimal bones – Smallest bones in skull – Forms nasolacrimal groove leading to nasolacrimal canal – Delivers tears to nasal cavity Vomer • Vomer – posterior part of nasal septum – Articulates with maxillae and palatines Norma Frontalis Norma occipitalis(Posterior view of the skull • Occipital bone • Part of the base of the skull • articulates with parietal, temporal and sphenoid • Surrounds the foramen magnum • lateral to the FM – hypoglossal canal (12th cranial) • projections = occipital condyles Squamous part of occipital bone. External occipital protuberance –It’s tip is Inion. External occipital crest- Highest nuchal line Superior nuchal line Lambda—junction of lambdoid & sagittal suture . Inferior nuchal line— Mandible • lower jaw • only freely movable bone of the skull • moving articulations with temporal bone MANDIBLE/LOWER JAW • Largest, strongest & movable bone of face. • Parts– Body, Ramus • BODY— • Surfaces- Outer, Inner • Border– Upper ,lower • Features– Outer surface 1)Symphysis menti– Where 2 half meet. 2) Mental protrubarence – triangular. 3) Mental foramen— Mental Vessels & N. • Inner surface— 1) Mylohyoid line 2) Submandibular fossa- Submandibular gland. 3) Sublingual fossa-- Sublingual gland. 4) Genial tubercle-. • Upper border– Alveolar- Socket for teeth. • Lower border– Base. Midline depression- Digastric fossa- • Ramus— Quadrilateral • Surfaces—Lateral ,medial • Borders—Upper, lower, anterior, posterior. • Mandibular foramen– Inferior alveolar vessels and N. • CONDYLAR PROCESS and CORONOID PROCESS AGE RELATED CHANGES • Adult— • Old – • 1.Mental foramen -- • 1.Mental foramen – Nearer midway between upper & upper border. lower border. • 2. The neck of the condyle is • 2.Condylar process lies more or less bent backward. higher than coronoid. • 3.The ramus is oblique in • 3.The ramus is almost direction, the angle vertical in direction, the measures about 140°, angle measuring from 110° to 120° Infantile Skull - OSCE Frontal suture (metopic suture) Frontal bone Anterior fontanel Sagittal suture Posterior fontanel (b) 34 MTF Regarding skull T A Mastoid process is part of occipital bone T B Posterior fontanelle is at lambda F C Maxilla takes part in formation of zygomatic arch F D Nasal bone forms medial wall of orbit F E Optic nerve runs in superior orbital fissure • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Nc5IRj3O JhE • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WRmNC _yPQZ8 Thank you .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Morfofunctional Structure of the Skull
    N.L. Svintsytska V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 Ministry of Public Health of Ukraine Public Institution «Central Methodological Office for Higher Medical Education of MPH of Ukraine» Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukranian Medical Stomatological Academy» N.L. Svintsytska, V.H. Hryn Morfofunctional structure of the skull Study guide Poltava 2016 2 LBC 28.706 UDC 611.714/716 S 24 «Recommended by the Ministry of Health of Ukraine as textbook for English- speaking students of higher educational institutions of the MPH of Ukraine» (minutes of the meeting of the Commission for the organization of training and methodical literature for the persons enrolled in higher medical (pharmaceutical) educational establishments of postgraduate education MPH of Ukraine, from 02.06.2016 №2). Letter of the MPH of Ukraine of 11.07.2016 № 08.01-30/17321 Composed by: N.L. Svintsytska, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor V.H. Hryn, Associate Professor at the Department of Human Anatomy of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Ukrainian Medical Stomatological Academy», PhD in Medicine, Associate Professor This textbook is intended for undergraduate, postgraduate students and continuing education of health care professionals in a variety of clinical disciplines (medicine, pediatrics, dentistry) as it includes the basic concepts of human anatomy of the skull in adults and newborns. Rewiewed by: O.M. Slobodian, Head of the Department of Anatomy, Topographic Anatomy and Operative Surgery of Higher State Educational Establishment of Ukraine «Bukovinian State Medical University», Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor M.V.
    [Show full text]
  • Incidence, Number and Topography of Wormian Bones in Greek Adult Dry Skulls K
    CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Via Medica Journals Folia Morphol. Vol. 78, No. 2, pp. 359–370 DOI: 10.5603/FM.a2018.0078 O R I G I N A L A R T I C L E Copyright © 2019 Via Medica ISSN 0015–5659 journals.viamedica.pl Incidence, number and topography of Wormian bones in Greek adult dry skulls K. Natsis1, M. Piagkou2, N. Lazaridis1, N. Anastasopoulos1, G. Nousios1, G. Piagkos2, M. Loukas3 1Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Health and Sciences, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece 2Department of Anatomy, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Greece 3Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, St. George’s University, Grenada, West Indies [Received: 19 January 2018; Accepted: 7 March 2018] Background: Wormian bones (WBs) are irregularly shaped bones formed from independent ossification centres found along cranial sutures and fontanelles. Their incidence varies among different populations and they constitute an anthropo- logical marker. Precise mechanism of formation is unknown and being under the control of genetic background and environmental factors. The aim of the current study is to investigate the incidence of WBs presence, number and topographical distribution according to gender and side in Greek adult dry skulls. Materials and methods: All sutures and fontanelles of 166 Greek adult dry skulls were examined for the presence, topography and number of WBs. One hundred and nineteen intact and 47 horizontally craniotomised skulls were examined for WBs presence on either side of the cranium, both exocranially and intracranially. Results: One hundred and twenty-four (74.7%) skulls had WBs.
    [Show full text]
  • Cranial Sutures & Funny Shaped Heads: Radiological Diagnosis
    Objectives • The objectives of this presentation are to: – Review the imaging features of normal cranial sutures – Identify the characteristics of abnormal skull shape on imaging – Review the characteristics of the most common non- syndromic and syndromic causes of craniosynostosis Anatomical Review Anatomical Review • The bony plates of the skull communicate at the cranial sutures • The anterior fontanelle occurs where the coronal & metopic sutures meet • The posterior fontanelle occurs where the sagittal & lambdoid sutures meet Anatomical Review • The main cranial sutures & fontanelles include: Metopic Suture Anterior Fontanelle Coronal Sutures Squamosal Sutures Posterior Fontanelle Sagittal Suture Lambdoid Sutures Anatomical Review • Growth of the skull occurs perpendicular to the cranial suture • This is controlled by a complex signalling system including: – Ephrins (mark the suture boundary) – Fibroblast growth factor receptors (FGFR) – Transcription factor TWIST Anatomical Review • The cranial sutures are important for rapid skull growth in-utero & infancy • The cranial sutures can usually be visualised on imaging into late adulthood Normal Radiological Appearances Normal Radiological Appearances • The cranial sutures can be visualised on plain radiographs • Standard views include: – PA – Lateral – Townes PA Skull radiograph Sagittal Suture Left Coronal Suture Right CoronalRight lambdoidSutureSuture Metopic Suture Left lambdoid Suture Townes View Sagittal Suture Left Coronal Suture Right Coronal Suture Right Lambdoid Suture Left
    [Show full text]
  • Reesrobertsjv 1901 V1redux.Pdf (13.49Mb)
    VARIATIONS In The Ossification Of The Human Skull By J. V. REES-ROBERTS. M.B. C.M., B.Sc., (Edin.)j D.P.H., (Camb.)» 0 TABLE OP CONTENTS Vol. I. PAGES INTRODUCTION. .... l - IV I WORMIAN or SUTURAL BONES 1-25 THIRD CONDYLE 26 - 33 PTERION 34 - 47 DIVIDED MALAR. .... 48 - 51 EXOSTOSES in EXTERNAL AUDITORY MEATUS 52 - 58 INFRAORBITAL SUTURE. 59 - 64 PARAMASTOID PROCESS. 65 - 71 PTERYGOSPINOUS FORAMEN . 72 - 77 This investigation has been carried out in the Anatomical Department of the University of Edinburgh during the last eight months of the year 1900. I made observations on 15 points of variation in a series of 613 crania, representative of civilised and exotic races. Whilst making my observations on these points I noticed additional variations which had not previous -ly been described:- (1) Meningeal grooves on the external surface of the skull. (2) Median condylar foramen. (3) Boat-shaped palate. (4) Indications of the separation of the tabular portion of the occipital from the ex-occipitals in the adult j skull. (5) The skull of Kempff a German gave me the idea of the frontal grooves, but the priority of discovery and publi¬ cation belong to Professor Dixon of C ardiff. The variations found in the human skull are replete with interest, affording as they do in some instances remarkable conformity to structures which in lower forms of life are found to be normally present. I have at every step availed myself of the informa¬ tion obtained from the study of Comparative Anatomy. A general review of my investigation seems to point out that many of these variations are not so ii I so characteristically "simian" as had hitherto been supposed.
    [Show full text]
  • Bekah's Normal Labor Assignment #7
    1 1. How many different elements, or “parts”, are there to the fetal skull? There are 51 bony elements of the fetal skull. These elements are separated by either cartilage or connective tissue as the newborn skull is only partially ossified at the time of birth. 2. What are sutures? What are fontanels? Sutures: In the newborn skull, there are gaps between the edges of membranous bones. These gaps, which are spanned by a flexible bridge of membranous tissue, are called sutures. Sutures allow moulding or movement of the bony plates in labor and they also allow the baby’s brain to grow rapidly after birth. Fontanels: These are located where sutures intersect. They are membrane and skin- covered openings and spaces. The anterior and posterior fontanelles are the most important clinically. 3. Explain suture and fontanel locations, shapes, and functions in detail along with their names. Sutures • Sagittal suture—divides the cranial vault in half, runs between the parietal bones and it originates at the anterior fontanelle and ends at the posterior fontanelle. • Lambdoidal sutures (2)—these run from the posterior fontanelle down and around to the border of the occipital vault. These separate the interparietal portion of the occiput from the two parietal bones. • Coronal sutures (2)—these run transverse and downward from the anterior fontanelle to the sphenoid fontanelle on either side. The coronal sutures separate the parietal and frontal bones. • Frontal suture—this is location between the two frontal bones. It is an anterior continuation of the sagittal suture. It may be mistaken for the sagittal suture in deflexed presentations during an internal exam.
    [Show full text]
  • Craniumcranium
    CRANIUMCRANIUM THETHE SKULLSKULL R.R. DrugaDruga InstituteInstitute ofof Anatomy,Anatomy, 2nd2nd andand 1st1st MedicalMedical FacultyFaculty NEUROCRANIUMNEUROCRANIUM SPLANCHNOCRANIUMSPLANCHNOCRANIUM CRANIUM,CRANIUM, THETHE SKULLSKULL II MostMost highlyhighly modifiedmodified regionregion inin thethe axialaxial skeletonskeleton TheThe neurocraniumneurocranium –– developeddeveloped fromfrom aa seriesseries ofof cartilagescartilages ventralventral toto thethe brainbrain (base)(base) FromFrom mesenchymemesenchyme overover thethe domedome ofof thethe headhead (calvaria(calvaria oror calva)calva) CranialCranial cavitycavity SplanchnocraniumSplanchnocranium –– branchialbranchial apparatusapparatus (cartilaginous(cartilaginous elements)elements) havehave beenbeen replacedreplaced byby overlyingoverlying dermaldermal bonesbones BranchialBranchial apparatusapparatus TheThe mandibularmandibular regionregion andand thethe neckneck areare formedformed byby sixsix pairedpaired branchialbranchial archesarches (cart.(cart. barsbars supportingsupporting thethe gillgill apparatus).apparatus). InIn thethe tetrapodstetrapods branchialbranchial archesarches werewere modifiedmodified andand persistpersist inin thethe facialfacial (maxilla,(maxilla, mandibula)mandibula) andand neckneck skeletonskeleton (laryngeal(laryngeal cartilages)cartilages) Derivatives of cartilagines of the branchial arches 1st arch = Meckel cart., mandibula, malleus 2nd arch = Reichert cart., stapes, styloid proc.,stylohyoid lig. 3rd arch = hyoid bone 4th and 6th arch = laryngeal
    [Show full text]
  • Functional Anatomy of Skull
    State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu“ Republic of Moldova Functional anatomy of the skull HUMAN ANATOMY DEPARTMENT Dr. Babuci Angela ©2017 Babuci Angela Plan of the lecture General data about the skull. Morphological peculiarities of the bones of the skull. Ontogenesis of the skull. Variants and developmental abnormalities of the skull. Age specific features of the skull. Examination of the skull on alive person. ©2017 Babuci Angela General data The cranium is the skeleton of the head. The skull is the receptacle for the most highly developed part of the nervous system, the brain and also for the sensory organs connected with it. The initial parts of the digestive and respiratory systems are located in this part of the skeleton. ©2017 Babuci Angela The skull The skull consists of two sets of bones: a) The cranial bones that form the neurocranium, which lodges the brain. b) The facial bones, which form the viscerocranium. The bones of the visceral skull form: . the orbits, . the oral cavity. the nasal cavity. ©2017 Babuci Angela The terms used for examination of the skull The frontal norm (norma frontalis). The shape of the skull is oval, but the upper part is wider than the lower one. In frontal norm the bones of the visceral cranium can be divided into three floors: a) The superior floor of the visceral cranium corresponds to the forehead. b) The middle floor includes the orbits and the nasal cavity. c) The inferior floor corresponds to the oral cavity. ©2017 Babuci Angela The lateral norm (norma lateralis).The skull is seen from the lateral side.
    [Show full text]
  • Canadian Re View of Physical Anthropolog Y Revue Canadienne D
    CANADIAN RE VIEW OF PHYSICAL ANTHROPOLOG Y REVUE CANADIENNE D 'ANTHROPOLOGIE PHYSIQUE VOLUME 2 NUMBERS 1-2 anadian Associahon for Physical Anhropolog~ lAssociahon pour Mnthropologie Phpique au Unada Managing Editor William D. Wade Department of Anthropology University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba R3T 2N2 Editorial Board Braxton Alfred Susan Pfeiffer University of British Columbia University of Guelph Linda M. Fedigan Dwight A. Rokala University of Alberta University of Manitoba Francis Forest Shelley R. Saunders Universite de Montreal University of Toronto Christopher Meiklejohn Mark F. Skinner University of Winnipeg Simon Fraser University Editorial Assistant Louis Allaire University of Manitoba The Reviewl~evueis published by the Canadian Association for Physical Anthro- pology/l'Association pour lYAnthropologiePhysique au Canada. Articles, letters, book reviews and other materials relevant to physical anthropology and its allied disciplines are invited. These may be submitted in either French or English, but articles must include an abstract in both languages. Material submitted for publi- cation must follow the Wistar Institute Guide for Authors, which appears in the first issue of each year of the American Journal of Physical Anthropology. Membership inquiries, advertising copy and address corrections should be sent to the Secretary-Treasurer, Dr. N. S. Ossenberg, Department of Anatom3, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario K7L 3N6. 44.>. ISSN 0225-9958 The Skeletal Remains from the Taber Child Site, Taber, Alberta ROBERT I. SUNDICK Department of Anthropology, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008 KEY WORDS Early Man North America ABSTRACT An analysis of a four to nine month old human infant with a possible date of at least 40,000 years, from Taber, Alberta, is presented.
    [Show full text]
  • Identifying the Misshapen Head: Craniosynostosis and Related Disorders Mark S
    CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care Identifying the Misshapen Head: Craniosynostosis and Related Disorders Mark S. Dias, MD, FAAP, FAANS,a Thomas Samson, MD, FAAP,b Elias B. Rizk, MD, FAAP, FAANS,a Lance S. Governale, MD, FAAP, FAANS,c Joan T. Richtsmeier, PhD,d SECTION ON NEUROLOGIC SURGERY, SECTION ON PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Pediatric care providers, pediatricians, pediatric subspecialty physicians, and abstract other health care providers should be able to recognize children with abnormal head shapes that occur as a result of both synostotic and aSection of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery and deformational processes. The purpose of this clinical report is to review the bDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of characteristic head shape changes, as well as secondary craniofacial Medicine and dDepartment of Anthropology, College of the Liberal Arts characteristics, that occur in the setting of the various primary and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania; and cLillian S. Wells Department of craniosynostoses and deformations. As an introduction, the physiology and Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, genetics of skull growth as well as the pathophysiology underlying Florida craniosynostosis are reviewed. This is followed by a description of each type of Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit from primary craniosynostosis (metopic, unicoronal, bicoronal, sagittal, lambdoid, expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American Academy of and frontosphenoidal) and their resultant head shape changes, with an Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or the emphasis on differentiating conditions that require surgical correction from organizations or government agencies that they represent.
    [Show full text]
  • Skull and Facial Bones
    Skull base and vault By Dr.Safa Ahmed Rheumatologist (MSc.) Skull base • This represents the floor of the cranial cavity on which the brain lies. Bones of the base of the skull • 5 bones compose the base of skull: 1. Frontal bone 2. Temporal bones 3. Occipital bone 4. Sphenoid bone 5. Ethmoid bone Cranial fossa • It is formed by the floor of the cranial cavity. • It is divided into 3 distinct parts: 1. Anterior cranial fossa 2. Middle cranial fossa 3. Posterior cranial fossa Anterior cranial fossa • Formed by the following bones: 1. Orbital plate of frontal bone 2. Cribriform plate of ethmoid bone 3. Small wings and part of the body of sphenoid bone. Contents: frontal lobes of the brain. Middle cranial fossa • It is deeper than the anterior fossa. • Formed by parts of the sphenoid and temporal bones. • Contents: temporal lobes and sella turcica on which the pituitary gland lies. Posterior cranial fossa • It is the most inferior of the fossae • Mainly formed by the occipital bone. • Contents: cerebellum, medulla, pons. foramen magnum internal acoustic meatus Foramina in the base of skull • Foramen ceacum • Optic foramen: transmit the optic nerve and ophthalmic artery into orbit. • Foramen magnum: is an oval shaped foramen in the base of the skull that transmits the spinal cord as it exits the cranial cavity. • Foramen ovale: lies in the sphenoid greater wing and transmits several nerves. • Jugular foramen: transmit the cranial nerves (9th, 10th,11th) and internal jugular vein. • Internal auditory meatus: provide a passage for the 7th and 8th cranial nerves and artery to the inner ear.
    [Show full text]
  • Age Peculiarities and Topography of the Skull. Joints of the Skull
    Age peculiarities and topography of the skull. Joints of the skull. Lecturer – PhD, Tamara Hacina THE SKULL AT BIRTH 1.The face: is small in size because -the maxilla & mandible are not completely developed (result of absents of mastication) & the maxillary sinus is very small, - no teeth 2. The mandible: is divided into 2 halves /unite at the age of one year/ 3. The frontal bone: is formed of 2 halves /they start to unite at the age of 2 years & unite completely at 10 years/ 4. The calvaria (skull cap): is large because the brain is relatively large in size 5. The tuberosities, crests, lines are not pronounced. THE SKULL AT BIRTH 6. The presence of fontanelles a) Anterior fontanelle or frontal: a rhomboidal membrane between the 2 parietal bones & 2 halves of the frontal bone /closes at the age of 1-2 years/ b) Posterior fontanelle or occipital: a triangular membrane between the 2 parietal bones & the occipital bone /it closes at the age of 8 months/ c) Antero-lateral or sphenoid fontanelle /on each side at the region of the pterion, closes at the age of 3 months/ d) Postero-lateral or mastoid fontanelle /on each side at the region of the asterion, which also closes at the age of 3 months/ Fontanelles • The bones of the skull do not move but they show amazing patterns of growth during our lives. •In newborn different bony plates are not joined together. They are separated by gaps and these are the fontanelles. •In normal conditions 2 fontanelles exist: frontal and occipital.
    [Show full text]
  • Craniosynostosis and Related Disorders Mark S
    CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Pediatric Care Identifying the Misshapen Head: Craniosynostosis and Related Disorders Mark S. Dias, MD, FAAP, FAANS,a Thomas Samson, MD, FAAP,b Elias B. Rizk, MD, FAAP, FAANS,a Lance S. Governale, MD, FAAP, FAANS,c Joan T. Richtsmeier, PhD,d SECTION ON NEUROLOGIC SURGERY, SECTION ON PLASTIC AND RECONSTRUCTIVE SURGERY Pediatric care providers, pediatricians, pediatric subspecialty physicians, and abstract other health care providers should be able to recognize children with abnormal head shapes that occur as a result of both synostotic and aSection of Pediatric Neurosurgery, Department of Neurosurgery and deformational processes. The purpose of this clinical report is to review the bDivision of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of characteristic head shape changes, as well as secondary craniofacial Medicine and dDepartment of Anthropology, College of the Liberal Arts characteristics, that occur in the setting of the various primary and Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, Pennsylvania State University, State College, Pennsylvania; and cLillian S. Wells Department of craniosynostoses and deformations. As an introduction, the physiology and Neurosurgery, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, genetics of skull growth as well as the pathophysiology underlying Florida craniosynostosis are reviewed. This is followed by a description of each type of Clinical reports from the American Academy of Pediatrics benefit from primary craniosynostosis (metopic, unicoronal, bicoronal, sagittal, lambdoid, expertise and resources of liaisons and internal (AAP) and external reviewers. However, clinical reports from the American Academy of and frontosphenoidal) and their resultant head shape changes, with an Pediatrics may not reflect the views of the liaisons or the emphasis on differentiating conditions that require surgical correction from organizations or government agencies that they represent.
    [Show full text]