The Land Report a Publication of the Land Institute / Number 84 / Spring 2006

The Land Report A publication of The Land Institute / Number 84 / Spring 2006

Civilization’s weedy roots Contents

Natural systems living Carl N. McDaniel...... 3 The Land Institute Ambiance mission statement Dana Wildsmith...... 7 When people, land and community are as one, Civilization’s weedy roots all three members prosper; when they relate not Stan Cox...... 8 as members but as competing interests, all three are exploited. By consulting nature as the source At the Land...... 11 and measure of that membership, The Land Institute seeks to develop an agriculture that Leland will save soil from being lost or poisoned, while Wes Jackson...... 12 promoting a community life at once prosperous and enduring. Prairie Festival 2006...... 17

Soil out of Africa Lee DeHaan...... 18 Land Institute staff Land Institute Ron Armstrong Board of Directors Free borders make good neighbors Scott Bontz Anne Simpson Byrne Wylie Harris...... 19 Cindy Cox Strachan Donnelley Sheila Cox Terry Evans Ask Marty Stan Cox Pete Ferrell Scott Bontz...... 20 Lee DeHaan Jan Flora Jerry Glover Wes Jackson Thanks to our contributors...... 22 Stephanie Hutchinson Eulah Laucks (emeritus) Joan Jackson Mary Laucks Keeping up on us...... 23 Wes Jackson Conn Nugent Patricia Johnson Victoria Ranney Steven Lancaster John Simpson Prairie Festival 2005 audio tapes...... 26 Glenn Laubhan Donald Worster Grant Mallett Angus Wright The writers and artists...... 31 Patty Melander Bob Pinkall Donation form...... 31 Harris Rayl Steve Renich John Schmidt Tiffany Stucky David Van Tassel Ken Warren Darlene Wolf

Cover: Durum wheat, descended from an annual wild plant that caught farmers’ eyes long ago. To learn why 2440 E. Water Well Road all of our major grain crops are annuals—though it Salina, KS 67401 needn’t be so—see page 8. Phone: 785-823-5376 Fax: 785-823-8728 The Land Report is published three times a year. [email protected] www.landinstitute.org Editor: Scott Bontz Associate editor: Darlene Wolf ISSN 1093-1171

The Land Report 2 Natural systems living

Carl N. McDaniel

first met Wes Jackson when I was putting together our accomplishments, “the good life” and civilization Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute’s environmental are. science program in 1992. I wanted to learn about My first book, Paradise for Sale: A Parable of The Land Institute and to see what Jackson had to Nature, co-authored with Gowdy, describes what hap- say about our new program. He heard me out and pened on the central Pacific island of Nauru. In 1900 a thenI asked, “Is the administration behind you? Are they rock from Nauru proved the richest phosphate ore ever committed to environmental education?” I described the assayed. Essentially the whole island was a phosphate support being provided—several committed colleagues, mine. Over the next 100 years, the Australians and then a grant of about $200,000 for course and faculty devel- the Nauruans extracted and exported the ore. opment, and the keen interest of the dean of the School The Nauruans mimicked our market economics, of Science. Jackson’s assessment was to the point: “You and provide a microcosm of what is happening on a will fail.” global scale: overpopulation, overconsumption, loss of After about four years of 70-hour work weeks, a few biodiversity and the life support it provides, confused colleagues and I had created a dynamic, holistic, inter- and dysfunctional society, reliance on fossil fuels, poor disciplinary program that built on the classic wisdom health and financial collapse. If isolated from the out- of Rachel Carson, Aldo Leopold and E.F. Schumacher, side, most of the population will have to leave Nauru or and on the more recent perceptions of Jackson, Thomas there will be a massive die-off. What I came to under- Berry, Wendell Berry, David Orr and E.O. Wilson. The stand from writing Paradise for Sale can be summed up next few years, however, revealed that Rensselaer lacked simply: Global civilization is in very treacherous waters what Jackson said we needed. The administration did and, on its current path, unlikely to survive into the 22nd not believe environmental education was important. century. Neither did the faculty, except for a few outliers like My second book was Wisdom for a Livable Planet: me. The president apparently thought environmentalism The Visionary Work of Terri Swearingen, Dave Foreman, was a fad, and that things like population and consump- Wes Jackson, Helena Norberg-Hodge, Werner Fornos, tion were not relevant to the school. Our already modest Herman Daly, Stephen Schneider, and David Orr. Writ- resources and support dwindled. I resigned in 2000, and ing it solidified and brought into sharp focus for me the the environmental science program we assembled is now following. defunct. Evolution can only select for those behaviors that But the program did not fail. Rensselaer failed, as are successful in the present. The hominid brain evolved our culture is failing. over several million years to give us a human nature The eight years I devoted to environmental educa- fitted to hunter-gatherer societies. This behavioral reper- tion, however, were personally transformative. Soon af- toire is that of a small-group, place-based, social animal ter I became director of environmental science, my path that is territorial and hierarchical. Morphologically mod- crossed that of an economist, John Gowdy. We wrote ern Homo sapiens migrated out of Africa some 200,000 a paper on how the self-organizing principles of mar- years ago. These hunter-gatherer ancestors walked into kets that have emerged in human cultures over the past the vast ecosystems of Earth that appeared never ending, 10,000 years inherently conflict with the self-organizing without limit. Our species’ behaviors evolved in compli- principles of ecosystems that have evolved over the past ance with a boundless frontier. 3.5 billion years. The dynamics of ecosystems, within But our hunter-gatherer ancestors could know only which all human activity takes place, follow the laws of what their evolved senses permitted them to know. They biology, not those of human-created economic systems. knew vanishingly little of how and why the biological- The conflict between these systems is apparent: During physical world works as it does. With only your senses the past century economic indicators have grown vigor- and the unaided power of your brain—without resort- ously while environmental indicators have been nega- ing to the scientific insights of the past several hundred tive. Ultimately, the growth of human economies faces years—venture an explanation, or a dozen explanations, the constraints that limit all biological systems. of how a plant’s fundamental elements make stems, This paper was a consensus statement that sum- leaves and then flowers. You will realize that you just marized the work of myriad others. It is their work and can’t figure it out. And any answer will always be wrong, writings that have enabled me to grasp just how fragile because the microworld of cells, genes and chemical

The Land Report 3 signaling is hidden from us. Our native abilities are inad- equate to discern a world so removed from experience. As a substitute for this lack of knowledge about how the biological-physical world works, our ancestors made up stories and believed them so strongly that they would die for those beliefs. At times, perhaps often, this world of imagined relationships proved to be adaptive and successful—it gave sufficient selective advantage to be fixed in the human gene pool and became part of human nature. Believing so strongly is a fundamental capacity of our evolved brains and a dominant element of humanity’s nature. Myriad hunter-gatherer cultures gave rise to a hand- ful of agricultural societies beginning some 10,000 years ago. Over the past 2,000 years Middle Eastern agriculture birthed European culture, which in the past 200 years, boosted by fossil fuels, became global. This West- ern political-economic system combined the in-the-present perspective of human nature with our evolved capacity to transfigure “accepted reality” into beliefs deeply held without credible evidence. Thus emerged a culture that denied limits. Inherent in this no-limits perspective is a belief in growth that ignores biological and physical reality. This core belief of Western culture makes resolution of our multitude of environmental challenges essentially impossible. This is the mega-understanding I gained in writing Paradise and Wisdom. A few months ago, my wife, Mary, handed me a Cathy cartoon and said, “This is your problem.” Panel 1: A few people gather around as one woman says, “I quit dieting and lost 25 pounds!” Panel 2: More women gather as another woman says, “I quit dieting and lost 35 pounds!” Panel 3: Then Cathy says, “I quit dieting, gained 15 pounds and went up three jean sizes.” Panel 4: Cathy stands alone and says, “Hope attracts a crowd. Truth makes it disappear.” We certainly do have a problem keeping people’s attention. The solution to staying focused on our fundamental environmental problems is far from clear. And the earth is replete with groups undone by hope for the essentially impossible. To make the impossible possible, we need true hopefulness. True hopefulness is first recognizing the odds are heavily against us, believing those odds, and then doing everything possible to beat them. What we are up against is that the important environmental trends are almost entirely negative. Human population size and consumption are beyond what Earth can durably support. Human industry has forced climate change—which has undone many local cultures that had impoverished their surroundings. Ninety percent of top ocean predators are gone. Half of the world’s forests Kansas Wheatfarm, by Birger Sandzen. Lithograph, 20 by 15 inches, from The Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery. have been cut down. If current rates of erosion and fertil- ity loss persist, most arable land will be gone in several

The Land Report 4 Kansas Wheatfarm, by Birger Sandzen. Lithograph, 20 by 15 inches, from The Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery.

The Land Report 5 centuries. And biodiversity loss is reaching the level of “ ‘Could we come to your office?’ past mass extinctions. “ ‘Too busy.’ To assess the meaning and then to act on the distant “ ‘Could you just record some things for us and consequences of these data is extremely hard for an ani- I’ll play it in class?’ mal that evolved to act in the present. “ ‘No. No time for it.’ I believe it comes down to this question: Is it pos- “So I said, ‘Well, Jim,’—I took out a piece of sible to change an economically centered culture into an paper and pencil—‘could you just write out some- ecologically centered one on a worldwide scale and in thing you think is wrong with Daly and Schum- a way that accommodates human nature and behavior? acher?’ Maybe, if a substantial fraction of us express true hope- “ ‘Oh, God damn it, David. I haven’t even read fulness. those people!’ ” Let’s not kid ourselves. The shift to an ecologically centered pattern of living requires monumental changes If we are going to make the impossible possible, each of in cultural beliefs. And fundamental cultural beliefs usu- us must strive to be honest and base our beliefs on real- ally change glacially slow, if at all. ity, as best as we can verifiably know it. In addition, the Consider this: Darwin published The Origin of Spe- challenges before us require systems thinking. For a long cies by Means of Natural Selection in 1859. By 1900 we time, Wes Jackson has advocated this. had scientific consensus on evolution being the major process that produced the diversity of life on Earth. Pope I attended my first Prairie Festival in 1998. On an John Paul II endorsed evolution in 1996; however, the excursion around The Land Institute with Jackson, church hierarchy is now questioning his decree. In 2005 we drove by an alfalfa field heavily infested with most of the people in the United States did not consider weevils. He pulled into the shade of a grove of trees evolution a valid explanation for biodiversity, and a mere next to the field, turned off the engine, and said, 26 percent of adults accept evolution occurs by the pro- “Alfalfa looks pretty bad. We allowed a local farmer cess of natural selection. Time is not on our side. to use this field. Part of the deal was no insecticides. Wisdom for a Livable Planet is about people who Now that he’s got a bad weevil problem, he wants express true hopefulness. Each of the eight people I to spray. Look, that’s the problem. Say we let him wrote about is dedicated to a major environmental issue spray. It seeps into the groundwater, travels to our that appears impossible to resolve. I will tell two stories neighbor’s well, and nine years from now she has from the book. breast cancer.” Jackson drew a circle in the thick If we are honest, each of us must acknowledge that dust on the dashboard and continued: “This is the most of our assessments and beliefs are based on incom- boundary of consideration.” He then drew a sec- plete knowledge. In fact, too often we take positions ond circle around the first: “This is the boundary of with minimal or no relevant data. consequences. As it stands now, that breast cancer is here”—he pointed to the space between the two In one of his [University of] North Carolina courses, circles—“outside the boundary of consideration. So, Orr [director of environmental studies at Oberlin where do you draw the boundaries? We told him he College] had the students read E.F. Schumacher and couldn’t spray.” Herman Daly. The scholarship of these economists Jackson wants people to think hard about the is based on holistic analyses that establish the per- boundary of consequences that we have accepted vasive flaws in contemporary economic theory and with industrial agriculture. His institute has taken on practice and recommend in their place a human-scale the daunting task of expanding boundaries of con- and natural science-based economics. The faculty sideration in agriculture beyond mere efficiency and in the economics department at Chapel Hill openly short-term profit, to include and respect ecological dismissed this scholarship but did not explicitly criti- and evolutionary principles. cize it. Orr recalled, “Standing on the sidelines of Unfortunately, our economics-based culture the soccer field while the kids were playing soccer, I finds it exceedingly difficult to set boundaries that turned to the chairman of the economics department, accommodate such principles. Taking a long sweep whose kid was out there, and I said, ‘Jim, I know of history, Jackson sums it up this way: “[W]e of you don’t like the work of Herman Daly and E.F. Western civilization have moved from the church, Schumacher, so how about coming into my class and to the nation-state, to economics as the primary giving a critique?’ organizing structure for our lives. We have been “ ‘No, I’m too busy, can’t do it.’ through the hypocrisy of the church, the atrocity of “ ‘Well, could we change the time?’ the nation-state that peaked with Hitler, and now we “ ‘No, I’m too busy.’ are devotees of economics, the encoded language

The Land Report 6 of human behavior that directs us toward ecological but played a critical role in turning back the Japanese bankruptcy. It is time to move more aggressively on fleet and in sinking all four of the Japanese attack carri- to the fourth phase, already under way, ecology.” ers. In fixing the Yorktown, the impossible was made Thinking ecologically is not a passing fad or the venue possible by true hopefulness. The story is a metaphor of a special interest group. It is an emerging pattern of for our task. We must metamorphose our economically thought leading to a durable way of living that all may centered culture into an ecologically centered one on a share and that benefits everyone. This belief in the cor- worldwide scale and in a way that accommodates hu- rectness of an ecologically grounded way of living, held man nature and behavior, if we are to achieve a humane by other peoples under different circumstances, places us and durable future for humanity within Earth’s glorious in appropriate relation with the rest of life. It is the next diversity of life. big idea in Western culture and has been in the making for more than a century. Religious, political and economic freedom were the big ideas that liberated Western culture, propelling it to become the dominant civilizing force of the past several centuries, but the successes of these big ideas have met the limits imposed by biological principles on a finite planet. Jackson, The Land Institute, and many other people and organizations have embraced this ecological revolution. The institute’s objective is to abandon dead-end, industrial agriculture and replace it with a natural systems agriculture. The larger vision is to create a natural systems living, grounded in and abiding by the principles of ecology and evolution. Making global culture con- silient with the principles of biology would be to make the impossible possible—what Thomas Berry calls “The Great Work.” The visionaries in Wisdom have challenged us to roll up our sleeves and get to it. I’ll close with an illustration of the success possible by what I call true hopefulness. On the afternoon of May 27, 1942, the aircraft car- rier Yorktown returned to Pearl Harbor with severe dam- Ambiance age from the Battle of Coral Sea. One of the admirals estimated that repairs would take three months. A second Dana Wildsmith figured that a herculean effort could make absolutely necessary repairs in two weeks. The Yorktown went into dry dock at dawn the next an open letter to the residents of Arden Meadows morning. Adm. Chester Nimitz, commander in chief U.S. Pacific Fleet, knew the Japanese planned to attack We hate the lights you bring; we don’t hate you. Midway Atoll in eight days. He inspected the Yorktown, We feared you might be loud, but you’re not. then calmly said, “We must have this ship back in three We wondered if you’d care to sit and watch days.” No one spoke. Finally hull-repair specialist Lt. our deer graze past your decks at dusk. You do. Cmdr. Herbert Pfingstad responded, “Yes, sir.” Estab- You could extend your fences half a foot lished procedure went out the window. Every electrician, into our woods and we’d not notice it— carpenter, welder, fitter, machinist and mechanic that you haven’t. On the whole, we’d tell you that could be found went to work on Yorktown. as neighbors go, we’ve no objections to you. At 11 a.m. May 29 the Yorktown was floated and towed into the harbor with workers still swarming on her But once our woods and fields held nights as black like hornets at a molested nest. Early the next afternoon, as any depths you’ve known, such deep sea dark some 55 hours after Pfingstad had said, “Yes, sir,” the we slept in endlessness defined by stars, Yorktown steamed out of Pearl Harbor to join other ships at a position northeast of Midway hopefully designated until your street lamps came and hung their sacks Point Luck. She was by no means like new, but could of hazy light to spill into our dark launch and land aircraft. The ship was sunk in the battle, and herald the extinction of our stars.

The Land Report 7 Civilization’s weedy roots

Stan Cox

hen The Land Institute talks about larger than average, abundant and easy to harvest. But our 21st-century research on the the most common characteristic among crop ancestors domestication and breeding of peren- is their weediness—their tendency to thrive in disturbed nial grain crops, we are often asked, soils like those around human dwellings. The circum- “If perennial grains are such a great stances of domestication are different for every species, idea,W why did people domesticate only annual grains?” but variations on the so-called “rubbish heap” theme It’s a very good question. Prehistoric people gathered were probably at work in most cases. New, attractive and ate foods from a huge range of plant species, but plants sprouting in discarded food scraps could hardly once they began domesticating, it was annual plants like have been ignored. Indeed, the British plant scientist wheat, barley and rice that they transformed. Among J.G. Hawkes wrote that for the people of that time, “It the world’s top 20 staple food crops, the banana is the must have seemed little short of miraculous to find that lone nonwoody perennial. Herbaceous, grain-producing, plants needed for food sprang up by their very huts and perennial species are not to be found at all among the paths.” world’s crop plants. The perennials that represented the best prospects for Civilizations rose on annual cropping, then fell grain production lacked that key trait—weediness—that not to the sword but to the plow—its soil degradation. triggered domestication. Perennials didn’t normally fol- That haunts agriculture to this day. So we lament that low people back to the fertile, churned soil around their the original domesticators didn’t pick erosion-resistant dwellings. The few that did and managed to escape being perennial species. But as The Land Institute has gone trampled by children and dogs likely would have been through the mechanics of perennial grain breeding over overwhelmed by the weedy annuals that specialize in the past five years, it has become clearer to us why they colonizing such unfriendly territory by growing quickly didn’t. and scattering their seed before dying. Last year, The Land Institute’s Lee DeHaan was Meanwhile, out in their only lightly disturbed natu- lead author of a paper arguing that annuals and peren- ral stands, perennial plants regrowing from established, nials tend to differ in seed production because natural winter-hardy roots and underground stems would have selection pushed them in opposite directions during been much more vigorous than new seedlings of the their evolutionary histories. In annuals, living where same species emerging from dropped seeds. People soil is frequently disturbed, high seed production in would have felt little incentive to sow a new generation their first and only year was favored. Since perennials of perennials as long as plants from previous years con- can live many years, natural selection favored persis- tinued to produce well. tence and more moderate seed yield spread over a longer Some of the crop species domesticated later—for time. Today, plant breeders can push species in a third example, oats and rye—began their agricultural careers direction, increasing seed yield while maintaining peren- as annual weeds in farmers’ fields. Bread wheat was also niality, though only through well-conceived and executed domesticated by an observant farmer, from a lone natural research. hybrid between a primitive wheat called emmer and an Of course, there were no such breeding programs annual weed. These later routes of domestication were 10,000 years ago. As far as they knew, people were sim- also closed to perennials, which would not have become ply gathering food, with no aim to change plant genetics. established in annually cultivated plots. Ancient gatherers apparently did eat the seed The genetic mechanisms of domestication are well of some perennials. Anthropologists have observed known. As soon as people started sowing harvested traditional methods of harvesting seed from peren- seed, they automatically favored “nonshattering” nial grasses in Poland, Mongolia and North America. plants—plants that refrained from dropping their seeds People living south of the Sahara harvested the seed of a until harvested. So with each successive growing season, wide range of perennial grasses. The Vikings probably a population of intentionally sown but still-wild annual cultivated perennial lymegrass before barley reached grasses like wheat or barley would have contained a Scandinavia. Yet no domesticated perennial grain spe- higher proportion of plants with genes that prevented cies were handed down to us by the first plant breeders. shattering. That process shifted many other traits as well Plants most likely to catch the eye of a Neolithic, that came to differentiate crops from their wild annual would-be grain farmer would have had seeds that were ancestors.

The Land Report 8 But if people harvested seed year after year from the same perennial plants, with no incentive to resow, they would have had little or no genetic effect on the popula- Yields of wild annuals and perennials tion. As Charles Darwin would demonstrate, the kinds of Some of the annual ancestors of grain crops had changes one sees in plant traits during domestication and unusually high seed production as wild plants breeding, as in natural evolution, occur through cycles go, but others had yields comparable to those of sexual hybridization and selection that allow some of the wild perennials used in perennial grain individuals to contribute more than others to the next breeding at The Land Institute. The numbers generation. Through that process, Neolithic people here are from small plots, in grams per square domesticated annual plants without, at least initially, meter. For a rough extrapolation to pounds per even realizing that they were doing so. But perenni- acre, multiply by 10. als, whose reproductive cycle under human influence depended much less on sex and selection, were not do- Annuals mesticated. Emmer, a primitive wheat...... 210 Woody perennials of the Mediterranean region, Barley...... 186 including olive, grape, fig and date, were domesticated Oat...... 148 in the same environment where people first tamed cere- Sorghum...... 71 als, but several millennia after agriculture had been well Millet...... 47 established, plant evolutionist Daniel Zohary found. Fruit-producing trees and vines did not have to compete Perennials with annual counterparts for human attention. They were Illinois bundleflower*...... 89 raised from roots and cuttings rather than sex-derived Alfalfa...... 82 seeds, and even today, Zohary wrote, most seed-de- Intermediate wheatgrass*...... 60 rived progeny from them are “not only economically Mean for 25 forage grasses...... 49 worthless, but often regress towards the mean found in Maximilian sunflower*...... 41 spontaneous populations, showing striking resemblance to the wild form.” He also saw as evidence of little ge- *Plants we work with at The Land Institute. netic changes in these crops their failure to spread far from original climate. Annual domesticates have. Early farmers also practiced selection in vegeta- tively propagated herbaceous species. As with woody sometimes takes a specialist to tell maize from its wild species, they selected cuttings, roots or tubers from anscestor, teosinte, “But compare a many-rowed, 1000- plants with desirable characteristics—often the results grained ear of maize to a two-rowed, five-to-12-grained of unusual mutations—and distributed them far and ear of teosinte—and be perplexed! How could such a wide. Occasional hybridization fueled some continuing massive, useful monster be derived from such a tiny, selection. Yam clones selected as cultivars by farmers in fragile, inedible, useless mouse?” Perhaps just as surpris- Benin today are often hybrids between cultivated variet- ing is that those stark differences are under relatively ies and wild yams of the same species. But with only simple genetic control. rare sexual recombination, there was little opportunity Maize is not the only species whose seed-bear- for the degree of domestication seen in grain crops. ing structures evolved into biological marvels under Although the first farmers domesticated their crops the guiding hand of early breeders. For example, pearl through largely unintentional breeding, they undoubtedly millet’s wild ancestor has seed heads measuring no recognized at some point their own power to change the more than 4 inches, but from it early African breeders character of their crops from generation to generation. selected millet varieties with heads up to 6½ feet long. Then genetic changes spread in ever-widening ripples Domesticated by Native American farmers, the com- through the plant species that people had adopted. mon dry bean plant saw a reduction in the number of Sowing spurred unconscious selection for traits like its side branches—to avoid excessive tangling in fields nonshattering; changes caused by unconscious selection where it climbed corn plants—an increased robustness prompted observant farmers to practice intentional selec- of leaves and stems, greatly increased pod and seed size, tion; and intentional selection for one trait often affected and an amazing proliferation of seed colors and patterns. other traits as well. Meanwhile, to the north, other Native American groups Maize, which evolved in Central America, is often brought about the dramatic domestication of the sun- recognized as a crop that underwent some of the most flower by selecting for the fusion of many smaller heads remarkable changes during domestication. As bota- into fewer, larger ones. nist Hugh Iltis said, without seeing the plants’ ears it Perennials were left behind. Perennial species be-

The Land Report 9 longing to the same families as maize, beans and sunflower did not undergo genetic transformations at the hands of humans, because they never cleared that initial, almost accidental hurdle of domestication. But now, by design rather than accident, scientists at The Land Institute and other research organizations are domesticating and hybridizing perennial species. That will open the door to the kinds of dramatic changes in seed production and other traits that plant breeders have achieved in annuals.

Here’s how it looked as wild annuals evolved under the guiding hand of humans into early grain crops and then modern ones, with shorter stems and more seed.

Given the same attention by plant breeders, perennials can change similarly, but with the great advantage of deep, long-lived roots.

Illustrations by David Van Tassel

The Land Report 10 At the Land

Perennial grain breeding bread wheat and the perennial inter- sented Land Institute research in Ba- From hundreds of wild, perennial mediate wheatgrass, with a vigor- ton Rouge, Louisiana, for a meeting sunflowers grown in field plots, we ous and healthy population in the of Green Lands Blue Waters, which picked 20 of the best for domestica- greenhouse, we have begun crossing aims to move Mississippi River basin tion. wheat with Thinopyrum junceum. farming toward more perennial plants Current crop sunflowers are This perennial closely related to and continuous living ground cover. annuals, replanted each year and intermediate wheatgrass has seeds Jackson spoke at the University of leaving soil bare to erosion much of almost twice as big. We’re also Chicago. Then Glover and Jackson the time. Perennials overwinter un- crossing another relative, Thinopy- participated in a science symposium derground and regrow come spring, rum junceiforme, with durum wheat, in St. Louis. Glover also spoke in holding soil and making better use the type used for pasta. Duluth, Minnesota, at a design retreat of water and nutrients. This is part for architects. of The Land Institute’s aim for farm- Agroecology ing to feed people more sustainably. We’re arranging collaboration with Short course The grading of our top 20 wild several graduate students to learn Our weekend Natural Systems Agri- sunflowers was by a combination how native prairie’s efficient pro- culture course for undergraduate stu- of highest seed production, biggest ductivity can be brought to grain dents will be May 26-28 in Salina. seed and resistance to shattering, fields. The students will take three Call, write or see www.landinstitute. the loss of seed before harvest. The tacks: how soil microbes help make org for attendance qualifications and selected plants were dug up and are that prairie rich, the effect of fertil- applications, due April 15. growing in our greenhouse. We hope izer use over the past century, and to see them flower and cross-polli- what kind of plant communities it Presentations scheduled nate soon to produce seed for spring takes for production with little to April 19, Manhattan, Kansas. planting, fitting an extra life cycle no fertilizer. The studies will be at April 21, Lawrence, Kansas. into the year. five native prairie sites on rich bot- April 25, Ottawa, Kansas. Annual sunflowers grown for tomland in four counties around The April 26, Wooster, Ohio. food and seed oil have been bred Land Institute. May 7-8, Olathe, Kansas. over years to have one or a few May 10, Armonk, New York. large heads with big seeds. The pe- New board member Jun 24, St. Louis. rennial maximilian sunflower tends Anne Simpson Byrne works for For details, call 785-823-5376 to grow many smaller heads with PricewaterhouseCoopers Financial or see www.landinstitute.com. smaller seeds. We are breeding it to Services Advisory Practice in Se- be as productive as a crop plant. attle, advising large banks and finan- Prairie Writers Circle We have added help to our de- cial service companies on perfor- We send op-ed essays to newspapers velopment of perennial grains by mance improvements. She grew up around the country. Recent topics: examining plant chromosomes with in Salina, and from Duke University meat eating ethics, suburban sprawl, special microscopes. Before, we earned a bachelor’s degree in eco- small-town life, light pollution and could only judge by naked eye in nomics and a master’s in business immigration (see page 19). All of the field and greenhouse the results of administration. essays are at www.landinstitute.org breeding different plants. Now we under Publications. They are free for can look inside their cells at chro- Exposure use with credit to us. mosome makeup and connect that Smithsonian magazine profiled Land with whether a plant is perennial, Institute President Wes Jackson Tours is compatible for breeding with an- among “35 Who Made a Differ- We would enjoy meeting you, other plant, and is genetically stable ence” in the November issue mark- telling our story and hearing to pass along other desired traits. ing the magazine’s 35th anniversary. yours. Please call ahead. We give The insight is crucial for efficiency Other honorees included Microsoft guided tours only with advance in the years-long work of breeding founder Bill Gates, DNA discov- arrangement, from 8 a.m. to 5 new crop types. erer James Watson, and farmer and p.m. weekdays. See Visit at www. In addition to continuing de- writer Wendell Berry. landinstitute.org or call velopment of a hybrid from annual Soil scientist Jerry Glover pre- 785-823-5376.

The Land Report 11 The Land Report 12 Leland

Wes Jackson

“We are vastly superior to any other species in stretching our world into the shape we want; that also makes us infinitely more capable of creating unforeseen difficulties. As a general rule, the greater the changes we think into being, the more problems we have to face. Environmental history is, among other things, a lengthy account of human beings over and over imagining their way into a serious pickle.” —Elliott West, The Contested Plains

July 4, 1976, the 200th anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, I had joined several anti-nuclear weapons activists on a march south of Salina. Leland Lorenzen’s daughter Lelain was among them. As we walked along we talked. She told me about her parents. And she told Leland about me. A few days later, Leland arrived at The Land Institute to meet what he called “this dropout professor.” We quickly became friends. Leland Lorenzen died September 6, 2005, not far from his 79th birthday. He had lived on less than $500 a year for nearly all of his last 29 years in a shack 6 by 16 feet. A small wood burning stove provided heat. He ate mostly soaked wheat, greens from his yard and, from time to time, milk from his goat. He died as he had lived: A day or two before he died he turned to his son, Jule, and said, “Time to open a hole.” The family buried him in his sleeping bag on his one- acre plot, his grave dug with a backhoe by a neighbor who refused to accept pay for the digging. His burial did not cost the family one cent. People most mindful of the earth’s limits who come the closest to “walking the talk” don’t talk about it. Leland was the best example I know of a “walker,” but he too was dependent on the extractive economy, even for his burial. Leland, like the rest of us, was never “off the grid.” He acknowledged that when a merchant seaman, he was grid dependent, especially at sea. He shortened a rusted-out Volkswagen Karmann Ghia convertible and drove it to conserve fuel. It looked like Donald Duck’s car. During his life in the shack, depending on his goat for milk, he figured he spent $350 a year on gasoline and tobacco and $150 on food. As a merchant seaman for seven years, he had been in various ports around the world, an experience that contributed to his radical views on economies. In ports near and far he noticed the difference between the economy of the street and the economy of the official culture. But it was while he was working at the local oil refinery that he read what was for him the decisive book: Thoreau’s Walden. What

Terry Evans. Land Institute President Wes Jackson visits his friend Leland Lorenzen in 1990.

The Land Report 13 Terry Evans. Leland’s home. he had been turning over in his mind came together. He Beyond Walden, a major insight of his own was that threw a copy of the book on the kitchen table and told we start doing violence to people and the environment Bernice, his wife, she had better read it because it was when we seek pleasure. He insisted that there is nothing going to change the life of their family, which included wrong with the experience of pleasure, but when we seek three children, ages 4, 11 and 13. it we start manipulating the world, people included. That During this period he was quite apocalyptic, certain that is when conflict begins. The conflict between individuals nuclear war was inevitable. It seems likely that without or nations comes from the same source, he often said. Harvard or Emerson, Henry David Thoreau would have Here is how it works. In our heads we have an imagined been a small town eccentric. I once reminded Leland that environment that will bring us pleasure, and through when he was reading Walden, he was a beneficiary of the pursuit of pleasure we begin to move that imagined Harvard and Emerson. environment out of our heads and try to duplicate it in

The Land Report 14 the world in which others live in their own imagined left enough time to stop by his shack to see how he was environments. This leads to conflict. In such a manner and to visit. I noticed that he had been poking seeds into we destroy the world’s fabric, damage the mysterious a flat of dirt. I asked Leland, “What’s going on here? life-filled skin of our planet and create pain for others. You’re going to have a garden again? You’re back into Leland carried avoidance of this to what most people pleasure seeking.” would consider an extreme. When I first knew him, he “Come on in, Wes,” he said. “I’ll tell you all about it. had a beautiful garden and in the winter a hotbed of sorts I’m all screwed up.” His wife, who lived in a house like to extend the growing season of various vegetables. One a bomb shelter some 70 feet away, felt she needed $300 year he quit gardening, reckoning that this too was a a month to meet expenses. Her Social Security would form of pleasure seeking. only allow her $200, but because Leland had worked at Leland lived 30 miles south of The Land Institute, regular jobs before reading Thoreau, he was eligible for relatively isolated in the country. Late one winter when I $400 a month. So Leland took out Social Security, was was on my way to the Wichita airport to catch a plane, I giving Bernice $100 per month, and the other $300, as

The Land Report 15 he put it, was “piling up in the bank.” The knowledge a lot of Krishnamurti and knew the Bible pretty well. of his growing bank account was causing him to “have Though he had serious doubts about an afterlife, he liked creative thoughts,” and he had started various projects a lot of what Jesus had to say. His particular fascination in his shop and around the place. These thoughts had led was for the old Jews in the Hebrew Scriptures. He once him into pleasure seeking again, and so to the desire to said to me, “When you have Jews come around The have a garden. His brain was “on fire with imagination.” Land Institute, I want to meet them if they take their He began to imagine pleasure foods he knew he could do religion seriously, especially the Orthodox Jews.” without. A major effort for Leland was to stop the internal I couldn’t help him out of his dilemma, and dialog. “We are always either building or protecting an besides, I had to get to the airport and contribute more image,” he told me. He also thought it nearly impossible atmospheric carbon. This was March. Leland continued in the presence of another to stop the mind’s desire to draw his Social Security until around Christmas. My to do so. This was a source of worry. He said that he daughter Laura had come home for the holidays. On a found himself doing it when in company. The only way cold Christmas Day Laura and I drove toward Leland’s out was to be alone. When he was alone, after a while with the idea we would visit the Maxwell Game Preserve his image of himself would fade, and then he would to check on the herd of bison and prairie elk, have a have the “awareness of a squirrel.” With squirrellike winter prairie picnic and see Leland. We parked our car awareness, only the “effective” environment surrounds at the preserve and walked a couple of miles through us. One is out of the “perceived” environment where the pasture, fields and snow to Leland’s. He was in his buds of violence grow. shack, and once again he began to complain about the He once took me a couple of miles from his shack money piling up in the bank, forcing him into creative to an abandoned pasture, with prairie and trees all thinking. Laura said, “Well, Leland, why don’t you just around, where there were some large protruding rocks. quit taking that Social Security, since it is bringing you Using those rocks and a minimum of building materials, so many problems?” A month or so later, Leland drove Leland had recently built a small shelter just large up to tell me, “Laura’s words kept ringing in my ears, enough to sleep in. It was really spare. The pillow case and I’m going to scratch my name off the Social Security was stuffed with prairie grasses. Here the deer and other list.” wild animals, undisturbed by his presence, would come He told me later it wasn’t as easy as he had thought. to lie down outside within a few feet of where he was He did try, but the official told him that he would have sitting or sleeping. As I surveyed the surroundings and to give back all that he had received. Well, of course inspected his handiwork, he explained, “Here is where Bernice had spent her allotment, and Leland had spent Leland goes to get away from Leland.” I didn’t ask what some of his on his “creative efforts.” Leland said he he meant, and still think it would have been improper to couldn’t give it back. The official told him to give do so, but I have wondered. My first question was, “Why further paymens to a worthy cause. “There are no worthy isn’t life back at his shack enough?” I thought of Francis causes,” he said. “Give it to your children” the official of Assisi, some of the mystics, some monks, Elijah and suggested. “They aren’t worthy either,” he replied. (I other examples. I still don’t know what he meant, but I think he feared it would be a source of problems for am still glad I never asked. them; I know he loved them dearly.) Anyway, he was Once when I brought a “certifiable intellectual” stuck. This money had become a curse. to visit with Leland, Certifiable Intellectual was This idea of money as a curse reminds me of another disappointed. He said I had given Leland too much incident involving Leland more than a decade earlier. I credit; he thought that Leland had nothing to offer. I was putting a roof on what became the new classroom didn’t argue. It was good enough for me that Leland had at The Land Institute after the other had burned down. become one of my indispensable friends. Leland stopped by, crawled up the ladder and began He once told me that the wheat he ate daily cost to help. It was inexpensive roll roofing. He helped me him about 3 cents, and that when he had the goat which immensely that day. I had both a twenty-dollar bill and a produced his milk, the wheat that went into that goat cost five in my billfold and I tried to give Leland the twenty. 9 cents. The value of the wheat came to less than $33 per He refused. I then tried to give him the five. He said no. year. Now and then he would mix honey into his soaked I insisted, saying that I could afford it and that he was wheat. He called honey a pleasure food that he could to take it. The conversation ended when he said, “Don’t do without. Every day he would measure out the wheat give me your problems.” that he would consume the next day. He would soak it in Many people have asked me what he did with his water and cook it with a 40-watt light bulb a few hours. time. I do know that he had an intellectual life. He would The cover for his container was a hubcap. go to the public library, check out six books, read them Once we took a driving trip in a pickup truck to in the shack, return them and get six more. He had read Long Island, New York, to pick up tools and equipment

The Land Report 16 that had been donated to The Land Institute by a friend whose husband had died. On this trip Leland declared that he wasn’t going to let me eat him “under the table.” But I did. He got so sick we had to stop at a grocery Celebrate store and buy him some peanut butter and crackers. Back to a simpler diet, he was fine. The Land Institute’s On another trip, one January, he took me around to th visit some dropout communities in the Missouri Ozarks. 30 anniversary Most of the dropouts had been anti-war protesters, civil at the rights activists and the like who had thrown themselves out on the land with their advanced degrees from places like University of California-Berkeley. It was near subsistence living. This was a good trip, and I enjoyed Doug Tompkins the conversation. Leland and I talked about that trip many times, noting how difficult it is to try to become plant breeding a satellite of sustainability while orbiting the extractive economy. Over the years, most of these idealistic, strong Laura Jackson individuals found themselves increasingly pulled into the orbit of the dominant culture. Frances Beinecke Never self-promotional, group discussion was not Leland’s thing. Once when Wendell Berry was here for a bonfire visit, Leland came by. I had told Wendell that Leland had the ability to slip into a small gathering, totally de-vibe David Orr himself and slip away with scarcely anyone noticing. There was a small circle of discussion under way when Ann Zimmerman Leland appeared. Wendell commented later that I had been right. Leland had come and gone without a word. Once Leland told me that his times of depression, which sometimes lasted a few days, came as gifts food of a sort. He said that depression was like a “great cleansing,” that it would be followed by great clarity and Wes Jackson insight. s Like Thoreau, he had many visitors who were Ray Ander on attracted by his philosophies. photography There are, of course, many lessons to learn from Leland, as we stand perched on the pinnacle of the oil Jim Minnick epoch, knowing our history as a species that has gone from one energy-rich carbon pool to another, from Jakob von Uexkull the early stages of agriculture till now. His example forces us to ponder what is perhaps our fatal flaw: our barn dance ability to “perceive” and thereby plunder the “effective” environment of all other life. Wendell Berry

in Salina, Kansas, October 6-8.

Call 785-823-5376 or see www.landinstitute.org

The Land Report 17 Soil out of Africa

Lee DeHaan

Lake Victoria and its surrounding landscape is a dramatic example of the inevitable connection between land use, wildlife and human health. This large east African lake was once a place of beauty, a refuge for biodiversity, and an abundant source for human sustenance. Deforestation of the hills nearby in decades past resulted in soil loss from the uplands. Although most of the hilltops are no longer being used for row crops, the soils are now too thin to quickly regenerate trees that could keep the water from running off. Rain falling on the hills rushes down the slopes into the valleys, carving out massive gullies in the thick, loose, river valley soils. Scientists realize that the only hope for stabilizing the soil is to restore plant communities resembling those prior to deforestation. On hilltops where nearly all soil has been lost, this is too costly, and will take centuries to achieve through natural processes. In valleys, farmers have been able to stabilize a few of the gullies by planting trees and other perennial plants. Replacing annual crops like corn and cotton with carefully managed grasslands or tree crops holds promise. Some scientists hope that erosion could be sharply reduced by extensive tree planting in targeted regions. Loss of soil, roads and fields to gullies gobbling up the landscape is devastating enough, but the effects on Lake Victoria, the world’s second-largest freshwater lake, have been catastrophic. Soil and the nutrients in it wash into the lake and cause toxic algae blooms, massive fish die-offs, and the spread of water hyacinth, an invasive floating weed. The hyacinth cuts oxygen to other life and drives out desirable native plants. Water near shorelines stagnated by dense hyacinth mats becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes and snails that spread deadly human diseases. Human activities in and around the lake have so far resulted in about 200 fish species endemic to Lake Victoria becoming extinct. These disastrous conditions make the need for protecting the integrity of natural ecosystems throughout the planet abundantly clear.

Lee DeHaan. Scientists stand in a gully from erosion that followed cutting of forest near Lake Victoria in Kenya.

The Land Report 18 Free borders make good neighbors

Wylie Harris

Not long ago, half a dozen people quickest—but not to the people calling themselves the “Lone Star impoverished by that process. Minutemen” descended on a corner Combining an agricultural policy in the college town near our farm to that ruins Mexico’s farmers with protest illegal immigration. Every day at immigration laws that keep them from this corner, undocumented Latino men rescuing the United States’ own rural gather in hope of landing a day’s work economies makes little sense and with passing contractors. less justice. That lack is plain in the These Minutemen appropriated their modern-day Minutemen’s un-neighborly name from the militia of the American attitudes, and in the draconian Revolution, who had to be ready to immigration bill currently before the swap plows for muskets in a minute Senate. The bill would put up a new to defend their new country. Those independent small fence along the U.S.-Mexico border, use police and farmers became a cornerstone of the United States’ civic military troops to patrol it and make illegal immigration mythology. Indeed, Thomas Jefferson believed them to a felony. be both source and guardian of democracy itself. Such schemes punish not only immigrants, Today’s Minutemen want stricter limits on but also the “natives” who still inhabit—and immigration. But that approach would shut out people value—rural communities. Farming as a way of who come as close as anyone to making reality of life is tough, rewarding and vanishing. I welcome Jefferson’s vision. That’s certainly true of some Mexican people—any people—who will keep it going, and I neighbors of mine—hardworking folks who farm other want an immigration policy that doesn’t get in their people’s land, scraping and saving until they can afford way. The National Immigrant Farming Initiative a few acres of their own. Against all odds, some are (immigrantfarming.org) has an approach I like, investing making that dream come true. in immigrant farmers’ contribution to U.S. agriculture My Mexican neighbors, and others like them all over with training, translation and the chance to network with the United States, are also one of the first rays of hope other farmers. that farm country has seen in many a moon. Ever since My family has lived on the land that we farm for the Dust Bowl days of the 1930s, many rural counties five generations and counting, but I try not to feel smug have been losing people. Between 1990 and 2000, Latino about that. For all I know, a like smugness may have immigrants have kept more than 100 rural counties inspired the earlier “natives” who scalped my great- from suffering that fate, according to the Agriculture great-grandfather. Wind the clock back far enough, and Department. we are all newcomers—all with something to contribute, Latinos are also the fastest growing group among all in need of, and eager to return, a helping hand. farmers, whose numbers have been declining for However different our origins, the same economic decades. Nationwide, the number of Hispanic farmers winds blew my neighbors and me into the little stretch doubled between 1997 and 2002, even as the overall of country that we share. Like it or not, we’re neighbors, number of farmers continued to dwindle. and that fact carries certain obligations—of fairness and The United States has its own trade policies to thank decency, of neighborliness. We ignore those obligations for the rising number of farmers migrating here from only at the peril of losing community, democracy and Mexico. As heavy U.S. farm subsidies flood Mexican even freedom itself. markets with cheap corn, farmers there earn less on the corn they grow. Many of them have no choice but to go With the Prairie Writers Circle, The Land Institute looking for another job. In that search, many learn the invites and distributes essays to about 500 newspapers hard way that “free trade” agreements open borders only and a dozen Web services. All essays are at to wealth—freeing it to go wherever it can multiply the www.landinstitute.org, and free to use.

The Land Report 19 Ask Marty

Scott Bontz

Marty Bender could tell you a in physics and chemistry. Only after that did he develop grass species by the hairs at the the interest in biology that would take him to The Land base of its stem, and how many Institute. calories make the world go round. “I look back,” Bender said at the institute’s Prairie And tell you he would. If you Festival in 2004, when a nature trail was named for him, asked The Land Institute’s ener- “and find it hard to believe that during the first 25 years getics bulldog and largely self- of my life, the only things I could actually name were made naturalist for help under- robins, blue jays, cardinals, pigeons and nighthawks.” standing this vast economy large- This even though as a Boy Scout he went camping ly ignored by the world’s economists—how much oil every month. was burned to mine the coal to smelt the steel to make But when he began leading scouts himself, their the tractor to drink the oil to grow the wheat to raise the questions about bird and trees were a call to the wild. He loaf of bread to fuel your body—you likely wouldn’t just went birding with an Audubon group. He took Peterson get an answer off the top of his head. (Though he might guides to the field. What he couldn’t identify there he indeed recall how many watts a chickadee flutters—and sketched for comparison at home with a three-volume imitate its call, too.) No, you’d probably get a whole plant manual. He amassed several hundred pages of paper. It could be quickly copied from among thousands notes, and kept lists of everything he identified in west- accumulated over years to pack more than 50 file cabinet central Ohio: at least 200 birds, 200 insects, 70 butter- drawers and boxes, which he navigated like a hawk in flies and moths, 40 mushrooms. home forest. Or next day you’d find in your mailbox a He did this so he could refresh his mind with the sheet of his research and calculations, rendered in a hand new names. seemingly aimed to burn lead through paper. Either way, “I am embarrassed to tell you,” he said, “but as I it would be more than you asked for. drove to work every day, I memorized the scientific Author Wendell Berry wrote in an appreciation, “I names of plants over and over again. I had to do this in learned for myself that a request to Marty for a little help order to recognize the scientific names in professional would bring it forth abundantly, and even overwhelm- botanical surveys that I looked up in various research ingly.” journals.” Historian and Land Institute board member Donald Land Institute President Wes Jackson said, “As it Worster said he once asked Bender for a few facts about was said of Charles Darwin, he had an enlarged curios- energy consumption on a Kansas farm. ity.” “Back in the mail came a response that must have tak- That curiosity and dedication eventually took Bender en him several hours to assemble—far more information from teaching high school to being a county park ranger. than I needed, all given in a spirit of selfless generosity And that took him to meet Jackson, and then to the in- that characterized Marty to the core. Besides his family, he stitute as an intern, in 1978, for the big-picture environ- lived for The Land Institute and its research programs.” mental bent he missed as an undergraduate. Bender’s answers were both blunt and exacting, “Here, the emphasis was not on environmental what institute board Chairman Conn Nugent called a problems, but on how we got into this mess and how we “tough theology”: might get out of it,” Bender said at the Prairie Festival. “Will biofuels one day power an expanding Ameri- He stayed on as a researcher and helped study prairie can economy? No way, says Marty: You could grow fuel plants in preparing ground for the institute’s mission, to crops on every square inch of North America, and still make agriculture work more like natural ecosystems. fall way short of the net energy provided by the contem- After five years, Bender left to earn his doctorate in porary supply of fossil fuels. Solar panels? Wind ma- plant biology. Then he returned to lead a project called chines? Hybrid vehicles? Sure, Marty would say, those the Sunshine Farm. For 10 years the institute would look are good things. Just don’t expect them to let you live in as far as possible through the human and natural econo- the style to which you’ve become accustomed.” mies for how much energy, material and labor came into Bender, who taught himself calculus in junior high a farm and out of it, toward conversion of agriculture to school, was naturally made for science. But as a self-de- renewable energy. Bender’s expansive view fit. scribed city boy from Dayton, Ohio, he was not a born or Doug Tompkins, co-founder of the Foundation for bred naturalist. He graduated, cum laude, with a degree Deep Ecology and a primary benefactor of The Land In-

The Land Report 20 stitute, said Bender was crucial for the organization to do something like the Sunshine Farm: “Marty was one of those people who had a particular fix on things, a particular slant that was important and critical to the big analysis; without it, without this slant and fix we would have fallen short in our collec- tive thinking. Those who may have higher profiles and put the big picture together, some like Wes, have to have the Marty Benders around to put solid foundations under their broad macro arguments.” Wendell Berry said, “I visited The Land Institute for the first time in 1980. I have known ever since that a crucial portion of the energy and intelligence of that place was Marty Bender’s. I have known this not only from my experience of Marty himself, but also from Wes Jackson’s frequent mentions of his perfect trust in Marty and his admiration and of course his gratitude for Marty’s great ability.” “Marty was one of the most gifted people I have ever known,” Jackson said, and irreplaceable. “To say that he will be missed does not capture the sense of loss all of us feel here at The Land.” The Sunshine Farm study itself ended in 2001. Bender set to analyzing it and writing a book, expected to take several years. In November 2003, he was diagnosed with a termi- nal cancer. Jackson told him that he was free to leave the institute, with pay, to spend his time however he wished. Bender stayed, to write the book. For two years he worked full-time. In November 2005 his physical energy could no longer match his intellectual desire, and he finally stayed home. Shortly before his 54th birthday on Dec. 26, Bender’s wife, Mary, brought him to the institute for the last time. He spent the morning explaining the roughly three-fourths of the book he’d written, what was left, and how to finish. The Land Institute will do this. Bender kept reading magazines brought to him, though shifting from science to current events. He lis- tened, critically and analytically, to classical music. To the day before his death, he talked and joked with visitors at home. And the next day, from a hospital bed, Marty Bender in 1981 with sorghum, one of the annual he spoke to his three children. Even into his last week, grain plants The Land Institute is making a perennial. Bender had still planned for a family reunion this sum- mer. Though from diagnosis on he did not deny what was happening, he still worked and talked looking ahead.

The Land Report 21 Thanks to our contributors September 2005 through January 2006

Thousands of tax-deductible gifts, from a few to total. Large and small gifts in aggregate make a thousands of dollars, are received each year from difference. They also represent a constituency and individuals and organizations to make our work possible. help spread ideas as we work together toward greater Our other source of revenue is earned income from ecological sustainability. Thank you, our perennial interest and event fees, recently about 4 percent of friends.

Nathanael P. and Marnie Dresser L Thomas L. Rauch and Joyce Pledges Blythe Dyson and Hannah F. Arps David R. Leitch Borgerding This first section of our E Janice E. Lilly and Cary A. Buzzelli David C. and Jane S. Richardson Jean A. Emmons Robert M. Lindholm James H. Rose contributors are Friends James P. Erickson Jonne A. Long David Rosenthal of the Land who pledge Arlen and Lana S. Etling Kenneth C. and Sherri A. Louis Wolfgang D. Rougle periodic gifts. Most Claryce Lee Evans M S Terry and Sam Evans Michelle C. Mack and Edward Ted Claire Lynn Schosser arrange deductions F Schuur Peter C. and Helen A. Schulze monthly from their bank Eric Farnsworth Gordon M. and Margaret Mallett Suzanne Jean Shafer accounts or credit cards. Douglass T. Fell Grant W. Mallett and Nancy Tilson- William R. and Cynthia D. Sheldon Rebecca V. Ferrell and Michael J. Mallett Clarence Skrovan They increase our financial Golec Rosette and Michael Malone Skyview Laboratory Inc. stability, a trait valuable to Andy and Betsy Finfrock James R. and Nanette M. Manhart James R. and Katherine V. Smith any organization. Don M. and Mary Anne Flournoy Andrew F. Marks and Tamara Lea Smith Dana K. Foster Zagorec-Marks Robert and Clara Steffen A John K. Franson Hugh and Joanne Marsh George C. and M. Rosannah Stone Clifford P. and Rebecca K.R. Ambers G David E. Martin Bianca Storlazzi Angela A. Anderson Jared N. and Cindi M. Gellert Helen O. Martin Persis B. Suddeth Christopher E. Anderson and Suzan John B. Gilpin The Mason Family Trust Frank Swords Fitzsimmons Nils R. Gore and Shannon R. Criss Peter Mason and Paula Wenzl Toby Symington William and Dorothy Anderson Laura Lee Grace Thomas R. and Nina L. Mastick T Anonymous Daniel G. and Norma A. Green William A. and Julia Fabris McBride Gene Steven and Patricia A. Thomas Alan G. Arnold H Mildred N. McClellan Margaret Thomas and Tom Brown Jennifer R. Atlee Patricia C. Harryman-Buschbom R. Michael and Debra L. Medley David P. Thompson and Meg Patricia A. and Tim C. Ault-Duell David Haskell Sara Michl Eastman B James F. Henson Howard Walter Mielke Ruth Anna Thurston Susan M. Baker Craig A. Hepworth Bart P. Miller and Lisa Seaman David Toner William C. and Terry B. Baldwin Bette J. Hileman Robin E. Mittenthal U William Beard II Frederick T. Hill III Suzanne Meyer Mittenthal Virginia L. Usher Cheri Black Thor E. Hinckley and Alison Wiley Bonny A. Moellenbrock and Michael V Charles R. Boardman III and Dianne David L. Hodges and Elizabeth I. Lowry Valerie M. and Roger R. Vetter E. Boardman Knight John H. Morrill W Patrick J. Bohlen and Julie Mitchell John J. and Gloria J. Hood Philip C. and Lona Morse John and Bette Sue Wachholz Dr. Dennis M. and Jean C. Bramble Mark L. and Linda K. Howard N Ken and Nina Warren Raymond H. and Shirley Brand John W. Howell Charles Nabors Kenneth G. and Dorothy L. Weaber Sheryl D. Breen Gary R. and Michele Howland Karen Owsley Nease Robert B. and Judith S. Weeden D. Gordon Brown and Charlene K. Andrew Hyde Hryniewicz William D. and Dorothy M. Nelligan Ann E. Wegner Irvin-Brown Liz Huffman Stanley R. and Ann L. Nelson Darrell G. and Lois I. Wells Professor E. Charles Brummer I J. Clyde and Martha Nichols Jo M. and Stephen R. Whited C Dana J. Inloes Richard B. and Elizabeth B. Norton Dan and Dayna L. Williams-Capone Janeine Cardin and David Ritter J John & Janet Nybakke Memorial Charles Windham Jim and Carressa Carlstedt Nancy and Scott Jackson Fund Heather Witham Merry P. Carlstedt Nancy A. Jackson O Keith V. and Kathleen M. Wold James P. and Marianne G. Cassidy Wes and Joan Jackson The Osborne & Scekic Family Parker Worley Suzanne Casson Dorcie McKniff Jasperse Foundation Donald E. and Beverley J. Worster Lorna W. and D. Douglas Caulkins Max D. and Helen F. Johnston Dennis A. O’Toole Family David Bradley and Margarette V. James Cooke Jimmy R. Jones Foundation Wristen Richard E. and Anne E. Courter Todd Juengling Richard and Christine Ouren Donna L. Wygle Dianne M. and Gerard Cox K P Y Kenneth L. Cramer Robert G. and Judith Kelly Harold D. and Dorothy M. Parman Debra Brown Young Edith A. Cresmer Bruce Kendall Steven and Carolyn Paulding John and Jane Young David S. and Kim Criswell Constance E. Kimos C. Diane Percival Z D Elizabeth King Joan Peterkin David H. Zimmermann and Emily Shawn and Jamie Dehner Leslie Kitchens Allen and Charlotte Pinkall Marriott B. Marion and Joan Den Hartog Raymond C. and Marianne D. Robert L. and Karen N. Pinkall Al DeSena, Ph.D., and Mary H. Kluever Q DeSena Mark M. and Jean Bowers Jerry L. Quance and Marcia A. Hall Dennis R. Dimick Kozubowski R Fred and Arlene Dolgon Keith W. Krieger Charles P. and Marcia Lautanen Barbara T. Dregallo Raleigh

The Land Report 22 Steven Barry Individual gifts Douglas E. Bartlett and Claire Twose These friends made a gift Connie Battaile during this period. Connie A. Bautts John A. and Letitia B. Bayer Keeping up on us Diane and William M. Beachly A Gerry D. Beard Denise Abendschein Enjoyable visits and conversations are our first Thomas A. and Kimeri Swanson Rami Aburomia Beck choice, but not always possible. When you want Constance M. Achterberg C. Dustin Becker Mark Ackelson information that might not be in the current Frances L. Beckman Marilyn S. Adam and Ralph Tauke Land Report, or want a friend or colleague to Robert E. Beers and Darcia Ambron James R. Adams George R. Beggs know more about us, please consider our Web Paul R. and Jennifer Adams Leroy W. and Marla M. Beikman D. Wallace and Gena D. Adams-Riley site, www.landinstitute.org. You Christel J. Bejenke, M.D. Arllys G. and Lorado S. Adelmann Carolyn B. and Roger L. Benefiel will find a variety of changing materials and Steven A. Aftergood Charles Benscheidt archives. Start in the left-column navigation bar: Marian Aikman Mayrene E. Bentley Gordon K. and Leslie A. Allaby Nicholas A. and Lori Berezovsky Deidre G. and Cameron R. Allen The Rev. Garner J. and Harriet F. Calendar shows where Land Institute staff Gregory S. and Jill Allen Berg members will speak around the country. The list William W. and Joyce H. Allen Judith Bergquist and James Trewitt Robert E. and Sally J. Ambrose is by date/town, with details available for who/ Don and Helen Berheim The Amity Fund Robert J. and Elizabeth P. Berkebile when/where. Let us know if you have ideas for Milton L. Andersen Dale L. Berry A. Bernard Anderson other connections our staff member might make Thomas W. Berry Barbara J. Anderson while nearby. Also in the calendar are events Wendell and Tanya Berry Don D. and Bobbie F. Anderson John K. Bevan such as our Prairie Festival, with a link to the Frank J. and Jeanette Anderson Nancy Lea Bevin Professor Richard E. Andrus program and registration form. David F. and P. F. Bezdicek Anonymous Orville W. and Avis A. Bidwell Edwin L. and Marilyn A. Armstrong Jim and Linda L. Bingen What’s New archives the e-mail news John M. Armstrong Paul G. Birdsall Thomas M. and Barbara G. Scoop we send to supporters and those who Adrienne Birt Armstrong Carroll Lynn Bjork request the news. These articles provide current Karl H. Arne Richard G. Bjorklund news and can identify most recent additions to Thomas J. Arneson Alan Black Robert W. and Jacqueline Ash the Web site. To get Scoop, e-mail us or use the Aaron E. and June E. Blair Nancy M. Aten Steven N. and Jane P. Blair “Sign Up” button in the left-column bar. Mary W. Athens Henry D. and Mary G. Blocher Frank R. and Linda B. Atkinson Robert M. and Margaret E. Boatz Paul Atkinson About Us tells of our recent publicity, annual Robert J. Bogan Denise Attwood and James R. Conner Mark W. and Ellen, Lily and Nick report, board, staff, mission and history. Wayne L. and Joyce Attwood Bohlke B E. Stanley and Anita P. Bohn DeWayne Backhus Publications has bibliographies arranged John Bolte Richard H. and Denise Backus Bruce D. and Marcia M. Bonta by category. Underlined titles indicate that Catherine E. Badgley and Gerald R. John F. and Carolyn K. Boomer Smith full text is available. Or click on a subheading Terry and Patricia B. Booth Walter T. and Virginia A. Bagley (science, general or Prairie Writers Circle) for Richard D. Borevitz Alvin F. and Jeannette M. Bahlmann Donna S. Born the articles listed most recent first. Kristi Bahrenburg and Bernd Janzen John W. and Rosanne Bornholdt Marlies Bailey Patrick D. and Ann Bosold Victor Bailey Visit explains that guided tours are available Bill and Ruth Botzow David and Karen K. Baker Montie J. and Patricia M. Bowen by request. There is information about Marian J. Bakken Andrew P. and Leonor Bowman Matthew Bakker transportation, lodging and camping. Dr. Roger L. and Jan L. Boyd Lawrence C. and Mary J. Baldwin Nina L. Bradley William H. and Caroline H. Baldwin Marjorie E. Bradrick Bookstore lists books and Prairie Festival B. Eileen Ball George H. and Elizabeth B. Bramhall Chester A. and Betty J. Bankes tapes for order. Edward J. Braun and Jean B. Krusi Harry L. and Louise M. Bannister Lois C. Braun Dr. Jack E. Barbash Anthony Jay Bredberg Help Us tells about charitable giving and has Andrew Snowden Barker and Ana Russell and Patricia Brehm Ruesink a secure link to contribute online. Mabel C. Brelje Jonathan S. Barker John A. Brennan, M.D., and Regina Megan Barker Voss Brennan Contact Us gives a link to e-mail Marilyn Barnes Pete Briggs Roberta L. Barnes communication. David A. and Carolyn S. Brittenham Christopher J. and Claudia Morgan Dr. Robert and Adrienne Brizee Barnier William A. and Joan Brock Robert C. and Charlotte Baron Best of all would be for you attend our Prairie Jack Brondum and Patricia Bradley H. and Mary K. Barrett Festival October 6-8, so we can visit in person. McGowan Robert C. Barrett and Linda E. Bradford L. and Lorna C. Brookins Atkinson Martin E. Brotherton

The Land Report 23 Cheryl L. Brown Wallace L. and Nancy L. Condon Dorothy F. and Bobb F. Brown Dr. Brian E. and Ann Conner Owen S. Brown Dr. Francis H. Conroy and Linda B. Thomas L. Brown Hayes Thomas W. and Ruth L. Brown Paul L. and Lois Conway Harlan B. Brumsted Michelle M. and Gary N. Cook Charles A. and Joanne B. Bryan Linda Copeland Dr. Paul C. and Joni C. Bube Dr. Doris E. Coppock Rex C. and Susan Schuette Buchanan J. Marc Cottrell and Patty Sheehan Caryl E. and Cynthia G. Buchwald Barbara A. Coughlin and John Kevin Betty Jo Buckingham Fallon David L. and Sandra L. Buckner Kathy L. Covert and Pat Kraker Professor Matthew J. Buechner Greg Cox Carl G. Buhse Nancy Creamer Everett L. and Dorothy A. Bullock C.L. and Catherine Crenshaw Matthew B. Bunch Pamela Cress Jim and Wileta Burch Henry Crew Don Burgett Timothy and Sarah Crews Paul F. Burmeister William E. and Ann H. Crews Laura Burnett and Martin Poirier Elisabeth Crosby and Paul Becker Joshua W. Burnim Harriett M. Crosby Lance W. Burr Cynthia A. Curlee and Robert C. Sheldon E. Burr Camp David Burris and Meredith McGrath, William C. Cutler and Elisabeth Suter D.V.M. Marcus H. and Cynthia G. Cutter Dudley J. Burton Walter L. Czech Jerry D. Busch D Peter J. and Toshiko Busch Seth M. Dabney and Deborah A. J. Walker Butin Chessin John B. and Eleanor S. Butler Derek Dahlen William W. Butler Vernon L. Dahlheimer Jimmy Byun Dr. Robert F. and Anna Margaret C. C Dale Carl A. Callenbach Mary Carolyn Damm Andrew W. and Lisa M. Cameron D. Alex Damman Katherine and Laurence J. Campbell Heather M. Darby Matthias C. and Barbara H. Campbell Joan and Richard G. Darrow Roald Cann Dr. Ellen F. Davis Louis J. and Harriet G. Caplan Helen M. Davis Matt and Barb Carlin Marion B. Davis III David L. and Bonnie M. Carlson Dr. William D. and Kristine B. Davis Robert Carnevale and Denise DeLeo Jordan and Gail Dawn John E. and Diana C. Carroll Richard G. and Eleanor W. Dawson Daniel J. Cartaina John W. and Martha Page Day Marcheta Cartmill Peter R. and Lois Elizabeth Day James A. and Margaret M. Cashen Mark and Georgia R. De Araujo Robert L. Cashman and Paulette M. Donald G. De Valois Lewis Benjamin and Linda Z. De Wit Lucia L. Cate Anthony T. and Lawrie C. Dean Mary Ray Cate and Paul M. Friesen Frank J. Dean III J. Kate and James E. Chalfant Virgil W. and Jan Dean Barry Chapman and Jessie P. Norris Robert Debellis Roland R. and Jacqueline L. Andy and Linda Deckert Chapman Wesley F. and Verda G. DeCoursey Jonathan and Jeanmarie Chenette Sandy K. and Darrell R. Dedrick Gerald E. and G. Carlene Childs Sherri L. DeFauw and Patrick George and Marilynn Chlebak English The Hillside Farm, by Birger Sandzen. Lithograph, 14 by 10 inches, from The Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery. Nancy Elizabeth Christensen Alice Jo and Stanley L. DeFries Marshall S. Chrostowski Dennis and Ruth Demmel Kenneth Church and Jeanne Levy- Erik Denzer R. Edward and Carol M. Dodge James F. and Mary N. Dudley Hinte Mari Sorenson and Ed Detrixhe Otto C. Doering III and Barbara W. Michael Duffy Nancy A. Cita and John J. Martin Jonathan DeVore Doering Ross E. and Carolyn H. Duffy Dr. Andrew G. Clark and Barbara M. Calvin B. and Ruth Ann DeWitt Lawrence L. Dolan Jr. Lloyd C. Dumenil Andersen Consuelo Choca Diaz Brian Donahue and Faith B. Rand Myrl L. Duncan Cloyd Clark Jacob P. Diaz Joan Donaldson Gail Ellen Dunlap Elizabeth C. Clark Walter R. and Marilyn C. Dickhaut Andrea F. Donlon Robbie Dunlap David M. and Debra J. Cloutier Martha Dickinson The Donner Fund of the Pikes Peak Fred Y. Durrance Jr. Suzanne D. and Peter Z. Cohen Torry Dickinson and Robert Community Foundation E Coleman Coker Schaeffer Dr. John W. and Janet T. Doran John M. Eastman Carly C. Coleman Sandra A. DiSante William A. and Pat L. Dorman Bryon and Mary Eatinger Ashley and Timothy Colglazier Noel and Diane Ditmars Gordon K. and Jane Dempsey Hiram J. and M.S. Eberlein Bruce Colman John and Debbie Divine Donor Douglass L.G. Eddy Marshal J. and Mary Ida Compton Advised Fund K. David and Kathleen S. Drake Logan B. Edwards and Hanna B. George E. Comstock and Anne Jan E. and Deborah Robin Dizard Merlin D. and Sandra K. Dresher Ziesel Hillman June M. Dobberpuhl Rhonni DuBose and Phil Perry

The Land Report 24 Richard A. and Miriam L. Ferrell John W. Fichtner Jay Fier David D. and Judith R. Finley Emily T. Fisher and Evan S. Griswold Kathleen D. Fisher Jeffrey A. and Mary S. Fleming Laurence B. Flood Bernd and Enell Foerster Kent and Beth Regier Foerster Brian E. Ford Jeremy and Angela Foster Nancy D. and Stephen J. Fraley Barbara A. Frase Chris E. and Leanna Kirchoff Frasier David L. Frazee and Licia Rester- Frazee Mr. and Mrs. Edward C. Frederick The Rev. Jim L. and Annabel K. Fredrickson Hilary French Jean W. French and Benjamin R. Fischler SuEllen and Harvey Fried Family Fund Cyril R. and Donna B. Funk G Brenda Gadd Timothy P. and Sherry A. Gaines Arthur W. Galston Jean Gardner Michael L. Garvin and Bonnie M. Winslow-Garvin Janice H. Gaston Brant and Mary Ellen Gaul Mavis M. and George M. Gehant Carolyn Cox and Daniel W. George Timothy J. and Lynn A. Gerchy Kendall A. and Karen M. Gerdes Charles E. Gessert, M.D., and Barbara Stark Mr. and Mrs. Christopher Getman Fund William E. and Julia K. Gibson Mark M. Giese Gladys C. Gifford and Alvin J. Schuster John W. and Beverly J. Gilbert Mark O. and Pat Gilbertson Charles N. Giller and Jenny R. Sorensen Susan E. Gillies Eric G. and Emma Gimon Paula J. and James E. Glackin Dr. Marilyn Franck Glenn The Hillside Farm, by Birger Sandzen. Lithograph, 14 by 10 inches, from The Birger Sandzen Memorial Gallery. Stephen R. Gliessman Michael A. and Karma E. Glos John J. and Kathryn L. Glovack Rebecca B. Edwards and Mark G. Kristi Ennis Drs. John J. and Katherine C. Ewel James B. Godshalk Jr. and Marjorie Seidl Hilda L. Enoch Margaret S. and S. A. Ewing W. Lundy Dr. Eleanor V. Eggers Kamyar Enshayan and Laura L. F William S. and Barbara N. Goebel David A. and Susan T. Egloff Jackson Darrell D. and Dorthy A. Fanestil Wayne R. Goeken Terry L. and Susan T. Egnor Eric W. Ensley Elizabeth F. Farnsworth James T. and Margaret E. Good Professors David and Joan G. Dr. and Mrs. Paul G. Epler Charles S. Faulkner II Tate T. and Audra J. Gooden Ehrenfeld Melvin D. Epp, Ph.D., and Sylvia Dr. Daphne G. Fautin and Robert W. James P. and Rebecca A. Goodman Chris and Carol Eisenbeis K. Epp Buddemeier Michael R. Gore and Betsy Nelda Jo Elder Professor Emanuel Epstein John Feffer and Karin J. Lee Crawford-Gore Julie B. Elfving Richard Erganian Ralf Fellmann Oscar A. and Margaret F. Gottscho Dr. William L. and Helen Elkins Jerry and Carolyn Erickson Pauline R. and Norman Miles Kenneth E. and Shirley A. Gowdy Gwendolyn J. and Dennis L. Elliott Eldon E. Esau and Janice L. Regier Fellows Jeanne B. Gramstorff Eldon L. and Susan G. Elmore Robert G. Esbjornson Professor Frederick Ferre Lewis O. and Patricia J. Grant Ken and Pat Embers Emily C. McDonald and Noah R. Heather Ferrell Wallace and Ina Turner Gray Douglas D. and Catherine C. Evens Isabelle H. Ferrell Laurie C. and G. Garner Green Engstrom Leslie A. Everett Pete Ferrell John K. and Jean McBride Greene

The Land Report 25 Joan and Eric Gregerson James B. and Sally Hammerman Frederick G. and Cheryl A. Heppner Dr. Joseph Hollowell Jr. Jon T. and Daisy A. Gregory Joyce L. Hanes Dr. Robert A. Herendeen Jenny E. Holmes Gregg T. Greiner, D.V.M. Don and Nathalie Hanhardt Carolyn Herman and Richard Robert D. and Lynne W. Holt William W. and Mary K. Gresham Lloyd B. Hansen Gregory Wayne A. Hongsermeier George W. Grider Jr. Art and Natalie Hanson Peter J. Hetzel Ralph and Lou Hoover Shirley Griffin and Michael J. Heinle, Sandra E. and Courtney J. Hanson Dr. Donald and Louise D. Heyneman Nancy F. and John F. Hope M.D. Stephen D. Harris and Michele E. John M. and Susan S. Heyneman Quentin C. Hope and San Ong Ms. Marion B. Griswold Mukatis J. David Hill and Martha A. Cooper James C. Hormel Marian D. Griswold Fund John Hart and Jane Morell-Hart Judith A. Hill William J. Hornung and Marguerite Carol Gross Dr. Gary S. and Lynne F. Hartshorn Stephen H. and Marcia Hannon Hill L. Desotelle Marcia A. Miller and Bryan J. Gross Jean Hassman Tresa C. Hill and Don R. Mayberger Margie Hosick Jonathan F. and Lois A. Grothe Bert and Dawn Haverkate-Ens Joe and Virginia Hillers Keim T. and Sylvia R. Houser Daniel J. and Ana Gliceria Gudahl Richard M. and Kathy Hawes Debbie Hillman Bruce F. and Debra K. Howard Phyllis L. Gunn Katrina R. Hayes Annette Hilton June P. Howard Brett Gutwein Palmer R. and Lydia F. Haynes Steven A. and Annabeth Hind James F. and Catherine J. Hoy H Don and Mary Jo Heath Clinton R. and Nancy C. Hinman Jerold and Bonnie Hubbard Michael Habeck Daniel L. and Margaret A. Hebert John Hirschi Donor Advised Fund Darrell K. and Bunny E. Huddleston Chad Hadsell Andrew M. and Denise E. Hedberg Dr. Allen Gene Hirsh and Rhonda J. Wellington B. and Marcy Huffaker Charles C. Haffner III and Ann Richard M. and Linda S. Heffern Weiss Emily Hughes Haffner Peter Ridgaway Hegeman and Douglas L. and Shirley U. Hitt Benjamin Eason Huizenga and Seana Philip M. and Patricia A. D. Hahn Patricia Egan Melissa J. Hochstetler M. Harned Margaret M. and James M. Hall Warren J. and Rosemary A. Heidrick Joseph O. and Pamela J. Hodges Deborah A. Hunsberger Paula R. and Van B. Hall Bernt and Suzie Helgaas Dr. Stanton F. and Carol Hoegerman Margie and Nick Hunter Dr. M. Martin and Josephine A. Steffen A. and Janet M. Helgaas Amy Ladd Hoffman Daniel P. Hunz Halley Dr. Paul Gregory Heltne Joyce M. Hofman Eric G. Hurley Bradley C. Halter Rollie Henkes Craig and Henrike Holdrege Linda S. and Terry A. Hurst John A. Hamilton Edgar Hensel John M. and Catrinka Holland Logan L. Hurst

Prairie Festival tapes September 23-25, 2005, The Land Institute n S1 Healthy Land, Healthy People: Why Local Food Orders are by airmail and guaranteed for delivery in 60 is Better — David Kline days. Payment methods: checks and money orders for n S2 Cheap, Fast and Easy: You Wouldn’t Want it U.S. funds, and MasterCard, Visa and Discover. Card in Your Daughter, so Why is it Good for Your purchases can be by fax or phone. Mail orders to: Economy? — Bill McKibben n S3 What Do We Tell the Children? — Sue Halpern n S4 Natural Systems Living — Carl McDaniel 10332 Lefthand Canyon Drive, Jamestown, CO 80455 Phone: 303-444-3158 Fax: 303-444-7077 n SU1 Water Wildness — Strachan Donnelley n SU2 Can We See with Fresh Eyes? Wonder, Bias and the Conundrum of Knowledge — Craig Holdrege Name______n SU3 Conceptual Revolutions: Who Needs Them? Why? — Wes Jackson Address______Total individual tapes ______x $8 = ______State______ZIP code______Complete set of tapes______x $50 = ______Phone______Subtotal ______n MasterCard n Visa n Discover For shipping within the U.S., $2 for first tape, Card No.______50 cents for each extra, $18 maximum; for Canada and Mexico, double shipping fee; Expiration date______for overseas, triple shipping fee ______Colorado sales tax: add 4.75% ______Total ______Signature______

The Land Report 26 I Lance R. and Melanie Klein David and JoAnn Lesh S. R. and Patricia M. Maxeiner Dr. Gilford J. and Nelda B. Ikenberry The Rev. John J. Kleinwachter Laura A. Lesniewski Gordon E. and Evelyn M. Maxwell Hunter Ingalls and Mary Emeny Mark C. Klett Lucinda Merriam Leveille Joe Mazour Gerald J. and Kristin L. Irissarri Gerald E. and D. Eileen Klonglan David C. and Patrice Lewerenz Karin A. McAdams Charles W. Isenhart Clayton A. Knepley David A. Lewis Mary Gayle McCall J Edwin H. Knittle Paul E. and Lynn Days Lewis Clinton and Cyndia McClanahan Martin A. Jacobs Amie C. Knox and James P. Kelley Dr. Revis C. Lewis Mac McClure and Tori Murden- M. Allen Jacobson Ulrich Koester and Beth Kautz Betty and Robert W. Lichtwardt McClure Jacobson Family Donald and Marianne Koke Louise N. Lidicker and William Z. Robert J. McConnell Carole A. and Larry L. Jacoby Gigia L. and Victor G. Kolouch Lidicker Jr. Susanne L. and Thomas F. Ronald A. and Grace Jager Walter J. and Barbara J. Koop Matthew Z. Liebman and Laura C. McConville Richard and Pat Janopaul Barbara Koostra and David J. Merrick Mary McCormick John P. Janovec and Amanda K. Neill Morgenroth Marie Lies Edward D. McDowell Jr. and Norma Paul G. and Elaine D. Jantzen Nic and Mary Korte Leslie Lihou J. McDowell Stewart Jenkins Gayle Joy Kosh and Howard Judy and Dennis R. Lilly J. Kyle McDowell Dr. Charles D. and Gerry Jennings Redekopp Nancy R. Lindbloom Christopher J. and Lynda A. McElroy Michael V. and Chantal P. Jennings Dennis Michele and Stephen P. Koski Linden Family Fund James Patrick McFadden Jonathan Jensen Mark E. Kossler Paul E. and Carol G. Lingenfelter Darren P. and M. Suzanne McGann Robert W. Jensen Verna and Conrad O. Krahling Donald N. and Nancy M. Link Robert A. and Kandi S. McIlwain Harry J. and Ann L. Jett Judith Krall-Russo Lucy R. Lippard Chris and Valerie McKay Kenneth D. and Wilma F. Johnsen Elizabeth Krase Carolyn E. R. Litwin Deborah K. McKinley Bruce L. Johnson Kathleen Krehbiel-Boutis and Nikos Leslie P. Livingston and David D. Priscilla McKinney Carl L. and Linda K. Johnson Boutis Miller, M.D. Michael and Laurel McNeil Chet A. and Ruth E. Johnson Connie S. Kreider Ann R. Loeffler Susan T. McRory and John W. Clair E. and Phyllis Johnson David J. and Heidi R. Kreider Lindsay H. Lofaro Middleton Duane E. Johnson Ralph Kresin Jr. and Dorilda Anne Matthew B. Logan and Felice Stadler James C. and Diana N. McWilliams Eric R. Johnson and Michele Roesch- Kresin Marilyn D. Loveless Curt D. Meine Johnson U. Beate and Mara Krinke Paul M. and Jeanine M. Lovell Roger K. Meitl Leigh M. Johnson Laura H. Krinock Betty L. Lovett T. Lawrence Mellichamp Marlin P. Johnson Wesley J. and Elaine E. Kroeker Amory B. Lovins Cathy and Nathan Melson Nina L. and Orval G. Johnson David E. and Roberta J. Kromm Denise Low-Weso and Tom Weso Drs. Manfred and Susan M. Menking Raymond N. and Lola A. Johnson Gary W. and Patricia F. Kubly Lynn Lozier Ms. Josephine A. Merck Vernon L. and Betty M. Johnson Gregg C. and Gretchen P. Kumlien Sandra B. Lubarsky and Marcus P. Lyndon B. Messer Adrian H. and Nina Jones Dale and Rita Kunkel Ford Karl H. Meyer Nathan Jones Katharine Kunst and Katherine Anne E. Lubbers Lauree Hersch Meyer The Rev. W. Paul Jones Fulton Michael B. and Sue Lubbers Patricia Ann Michaelis William D. and Elaine Jones L John P. and Lee Luebbe Allan and Jan Milbradt Dr. Lucy A. Jordan Patricia A. Labine Sandra D. Lynn T.H. and Kathleen M. Milby Charles R. and Sally B. Jorgensen H. Lawrence Lack and Lee Ann Ward David L. and Virginia J. Lyon Kathy L. Miles Marilyn Jorrie Charlotte E. Lackey and Donald L. M Nancy H. and Frank Miles K Barnett Rick A. and Leslie B. Machado Elizabeth J. Miller Suparna B. and Sameer M. Kadam Dr. Donald F. and Patricia E. Lamb William H. MacLeish and Elizabeth John C. Miller and Sandra Bot-Miller Richard and Beverly Kai Richard D. and Dorothy V. Lamm Libbey John H. Miller Klaus G. Karbaumer Peter J. Lammers Kathleen S. Maddux Kim and Dianne E. Miller Timothy and Virginia Grow Kasser Robert K. and Mary G. Lancefield Kenneth R. Mahaffey Michael Miller and Pam Jenkins Adrian Kaufman Melissa A. Landon and Denise R. Thomas Mahoney and Madeline Rex D. and Sally M. Miller Tim and Sharon Keane Culver Maxeiner Ric Miller Andy and Nan Fullerton Kegley M. Daniel and Judi S. Lane Agnes Lee Maier Ross J. and Nancy L. Miller Angeliki V. and Charles M.H. Keil J. Han and Eva Marie Lankhorst G. Neal Maine Gregory E. Milner John R. Keller and Cheryl Ann Jamie Lantz Judith K. Major Craig and Susan Miner Hickey David and Kathy Larson Amelia Mallett James D. and Sarah D. Minick Richard W. Keller Edward K. Larson Patti Mangis Charles E. Mitchell John E. Kellogg Loren C. and Elizabeth A. Larson Charles F. Manlove Richard W. and Susan H. Mitchell Philip E. Kendall Mark C. Larson Dr. Francis R. and Margaret P. Robert C. and Jo B. Mitchell Sally M. Kendall Konney J. Larwood and Patricia J. Manlove Robert T. Mohler E. Dale Kennedy and Douglas W. Mettler Philip S. Margolis Norris R. Moklestad White Dr. Leo E. Lauber John C. and Michael Marietta Robert T. and Kay L. Moline James C. and Virginia S. Kenney Glenn and Sue L. Laubhan Kevin L. Markey and Candice Miller Thomas W. and Anne H.T. Moore Alissa and Neal Keny-Guyer Eulah C. Laucks Ivy Marsh Don and Ann Morehead Kenneth J. and Sue K. Kerchenfaut Louis J. and Ann K. Laux Marsha F. and Ric Marshall John N. Moreland Jr. Donald R. Kerstetter Jeannine Laverty Robert B. and Nancy Lehenbauer Mark A. Morgenstern and Sally A. Stephan M. and Dawn F. Kettler Edward J. Lawrence Marshall Meyer J.D. Key Dr. Willie E. Lawrence Jr. Marcia Fisher and John Bradley Kenneth A. and Faye Morley Dr. Thomas R. and Lorna J. Kilian Peter W. Leach Marston Dr. Harold J. and Lucille S. Morowitz Geoff King Winfred M. Leaf Bill Martin and Kathleen League A. David Morrow Pamela D. Kingsbury Carla A. Bouska Lee David L. Martin Henry W. and Helen J. Moyer Forrest Kinzli Jennifer Ellicott Lee and Wendell John R. and Ann E. Martin Dr. Samuel E. Moyer M. B. Kirkham Ramsey Haag David Martinez Diane M. Muelleman, M.D., and James L. Kirkland Jr. Jan Leeman Nancy Ambers and George S. Massar Robert L. Muelleman F. Kirschenmann and C. Jerry F. and Eleanor M. Leeper Ernest L. and Kathy M. Massoth Robert V. Mulch Raffensperger Benedict M. LeFort William J. Matousek Thomas O. and Yolanda M. Mulhern Kenneth T. and Marlena D. Kirton Ralph Allen Lehman William and Robin Birch Matthews Patrick M. and Sunny K. Murphy Mrs. George B. Kistiakowsky Ron Lehmkuhl and Idalia T. Thomas W. and Elaine S. Maurer Mark Musick Eileen J. Kladivko Mantautas John C. and Susan K. Maus Cornelia F. and Robert L. Mutel Theodore A. and Violet H. Klaseen Professor Carl Leopold Jean Maust Virginia F. and Laurence J. Mutti

The Land Report 27 Memorials Dee Rice Amyx Wendell and Tanya Amyx Berry Alfred Barby J. Marc Cottrell and Patty Sheehan Marty Bender David and Licia Frazee Amy Hoffman Glenn and Sue Laubhan Matthew Logan and Felice Stadler Ivy Marsh Thomas and Yolanda Mulhern Marjorie E. Streckfus Todd A. Wetzel Randy and Doris Worcester David and Margarette Wristen Lauren Michelle Young Marion Binford Ann Simpson Christopher Bornholdt John W. Bornholdt Jack Carlin Don Emanuel Gene Tyner Sr. Tom and Brenda Cox Martin Kimm Pat, Sunny, Miles and Maggie Greg Cox Michael and Sue Lubbers Vernon and Pete Murphy Barbara Day Davis Amy Kremen Ferguson Gwen Turvill Ray Weil Matt and Barb Carlin Rosemary and Bob Day Robbie Dunlap George Kridler John W. Dickhaut Mary and Dick Stutz Martha Zenk John Day Katharine Kunst and Katherine Walter R. and Marilyn C. Carol A. Tunell and Mark K. Fulton Dickhaut Crawford Katie and Will Dillon Ruth Ann Young Elizabeth Vlaming Mary Hammerman Greg Vlaming James Hammerman Nathanael Dresser Honorary gifts Dorothy Bullock Grant Mallett Joel Hanes John and Lynn Boomer Joyce Hanes Phil Baker Margie Hosick Susan Baker Charlie Fautin and Juanita Wright Potter Leland Lorenzen Annette Hilton Henry Crew Will Barnes Susan Easton Patti Mangis Hiram Eberlein Elizabeth King Daphne Fautin and Robert Marian G. Oliver David Skopin Kirk and Peg Barrett Buddemeier Jane Stoller Schoff Grover “Buddy” Brad Barrett John “Brandy” French Linda W. Williams Mitchell Dr. and Mrs. Robert Hilary French Margaret Thomas and Andy and Nan Fullerton Kegley Bodmer Maria Gaffney Tom Brown Virginia L. Olmer Beth Raps Andy and Betsy Finfrock Whitney and Kate Sunderland Gail and Robert Steele Stan and Anita Bohn Robin Gingerich and Matt Van Dyke Thomas F. Mostrom Robert C. and Jo B. Mitchell Tom Mersmann Nancy Van Dyke Mrs. George B. Kistiakowsky Michele Burlew Harriet and Lou Caplan Nick Weigel My early pioneer Leslie Livingston and David Sam Hawes Andy Deckert relatives Miller Richard Hawes David Wheaton Anonymous Jessie Chalfant Mary Hood Kathleen Fisher Edward L. Peak Kate Chalfant Eric W. Ensley Allison Wilson, Jonathan Janis S. Peak Otto and Patt Michael J. Jacobs Latham and Louis Theodore Pierce Christensen Martin A. Jacobs Ashley Wilson John Bolte Nancy Elizabeth Christensen Dobie Jenkins David and Nancy Wilson Stewart Jenkins

Garth A. Myers and Melanie C. Frank Neitzert Wendell K. Nickell Douglas Nopar and JoAnn Thomas Hepburn Harland S. and Corinne L. Nelson Paul F. and Elaine Nighswonger Kurt N. Nordback Jo Ann Myers Paul W. Neukirch Dale and Sonya Nimrod Kenneth G. Nordquist N Joseph F. Neumann Calvin and Andrea Nisly Paul Norland Koji F. and Susan L. Nakao Richard D. and Shirley A. Newsome Rae Ann Nixon Karl S. and Jane B. North Thomas R. Neet Jr. Ellen R. Nibbelink Bruce J. and Amy W. Noble Charles L. and Patricia J. Novak Andrew J. and Beth A. Neill Mike Nichols Karen E. Ruff and Michael G. Noll

The Land Report 28 O Kathy A. Powell and Stephen L. Aimee L. Rowe Jim and Sara Shelton Michael D. and Colleen M. Griswold Landon H. Rowland Richard B. and Audrey M. Sheridan O’Connell William B. and Mary Anne K. Powell Sander Rubin Marion T. Sherk Thomas S. and Daphne O’Connor Alison G. Power and Alexander S. Maggie Rudy and Richard J. Alden Charlotte Shoemaker Marian O’Reilly and Stephen M. Flecker Rachel E. Rudy and Nathaniel F. Mary Helen Shortridge Lockwood Ed, Kate and Martha Powers Reid Rachel Shuler Cliff Ochs and Lucille McCook Carl E. and Becky Prather Roy Ronald and Marie Ruhnke Elizabeth S. Sidamon-Eristoff and David J. and Jeanne K. Ode Anne W.B. Prichard Thomas K. Ruppert and Maria Hunter Lewis Michael and Kathleen J. Oldfather Marvin P. and Allison Pritts Carolina Gomez Taggart G. and Sarita Siegel Jay Oleson and Jill Cody Tom Pruiksma Michael P. and Regula Russelle Bob Siemens Marian G. Oliver Q Janyce M. Ryan Robert J. and Bonita B. Siemens Virginia L. Olmer J. Patrick and Judith T. Quinlan Patricia J. and Jerry D. Ryan Anne Hawthorne Silver Jane F. and Charles R. Olsen Trucia Quistarc S Ann B. Simpson Lawrence R. Olsen R Niklaus N. Salafsky and Julia A. Diane W. Simpson Dale and M. Marla Osborne Margaret A. Holm Radar and Keith Segre John M. Simpson and Sondra L. James M. Ouray and Karn Anderson L. Rader Dr. and Mrs. William E. Salmon Goodman John S. and Lee Sayre Overton Heather Williams Ramsay and John F. Samson William A. and Janice D. Simpson Jim and Katie Owens Michael J. Ramsey Donald E. Sanderson Professor Charles F. and Janet S. Sing Owen D. Owens Victoria Post and George A. Ranney Wayne E. and Lou Ann Sangster E. Crichton and Martha M. Singleton W. Dean and Doris Owens Beth Gillian Raps, Ph.D. Marjorye Savage-Heeney and Barney Dudley Sisk P Joan Ratzlaff J. Heeney Jr. Jay L. and Shani L. Skiles Laurence G. and Eunice E. Pacey Neal S. and Izen I. Ratzlaff Janice E. Savidge Martha S. Skillman Ludmila and Yakov A. Pachepsky Robert H. and Agnes V. Raymond E. Wayne Say Donald E. and Elvera W. Skokan David B. and Beverly C. Palmer Donald E. and Kathy Reck Laura Browne Sayre and Michael David S. Skopin John D. and Sharon M. Palmquist Lawrence R. and Kimberley A. Redd Ross Evans Kathy Lynn and Josh Skov Louise W. and William R. Pape L. David and Ann Redmon Robert F. and Hutha R. Sayre Tim Skwiot Mary Thorpe Parker The Rev. Arthur S. Redmond Thomas M. and Mary L. Scanlan William E. and Julia D. Slaymaker Jack Parr Patricia K. and Jerry D. Reece Jeff J. and Celia M. Schahczenski Douglas and Fern Sloan Joan Bennett and John C. Parsons Michael and Susan K. Reed W. Neill and Karen M. Schaller Stuart A. and Taryn L. Slote Kristina S. Pastoriza and David John R. Reeves Gregory Scharf Dennis R. and Peggy Smart Goodwin Raymond and Gladys Regier William D. Scharf Fred Smeds Steven D. Patterson Thomas P. and Virginia R. Reid James D. and Kathy Scharplaz Alden H. Smith II Larry R. and Vicki L. Patton Karen Reimer James E. and Louise G. Schatz Harold V. Smith Lowell C. Paul David and Wendy S. Reinhardt Joel Schechter Mark and Sara Wilson Smith Lisa and Belden H. Paulson Darrell and Sara Reinke Judith Schector David K. Smoot Janis S. Peak Richard L. and Joyce Reinke Paul E. and Jennifer E. Schellinger Dr. Robert B. and Marianne K. Ellen Pearson E.J. Remson Richard A. and Dorothy T. Scherer Smythe Richard H. Peckham and Maureen J. Stephen E. Renich and Cheryl L. Dennis and Linda Schlicht Jared M. Snyder and Susan Ujcic Nowlan Umphrey Alvin E. Schmedemann Seymour and Sara H. Sohmer Alicia L. Peden David A. Rettele and Janice K. Joel A. Schmidt and Amanda L. Larry Soll and Nancy C. Maron Dr. Gregory K. Penniston Baldwin Raetzman Sidney L. Sondergard Joy B. and James W. Perry Douglas W. and Cindy S. Rettig Steffen A. and Rachel Schneider Robert C. and Nancy W. Sorensen John T. Pesek Jr. Martha Rhea and James R. Allen Jane Stoller and John L. Schoff Robert F. and Judith D. Soule Paul J. and Karla V. Peters Judith A. and Amy C. Rice-Jones Ben J. Schole Thomas Patrick Soule and Janet Carol Jean and Brian Douglas David G. Rich Kathlyn J. Schoof Sharon Boe Petersen Kenneth C. Rich Carol and Jim Fox Schott Jane Spencer Anna Peterson and Manuel Vasquez Stephen C. Richards Kash and Anna Schriefer James Gustave Speth Fund for the Peter L. and Rita E. Peterson Mabel C. Richardson Jeffrey J. Schruben Environment Katharine M. and Harry J. Petrequin Margaret G. and John P. Richey John S. and Ann M. Schuster Robert Staffanson Bernard L. Peuto and Anne Bertaud- Muriel A. and James R. Ricketts A. J. and Jane E. Schwartz Eric A. and Mary Louise Stahl Peuto Walter E. and Kelly Davis Riedell Chris A. Schweitzer Clayton D. Stalling Leroy C. Philippi Thomas F. Riesing and Christie Cindy J. and Stephen G. Scott Sylvia and Donald F. Stanat C. Frank Phillips and Deborah K. Berven Diana M. Scott Jessica Stanton and Joseph R. Hawkins Peter W. Riggs Lynette S. Seigley Groenke Jennifer G. Phillips Michael E. and Kathleen F. Riordan Scott Seirer Lucia C. Stanton Michael D. Phillips Theresa M. Ripley and John W. T. J. and Denise Semanchin James R Stark Norman W. and Beverly Jane Phillips Loughary Carolyn L. Servid and Dorik V. Raymond H. Starrett Paolo Piacentini Gordon T. and Barbara A. Risk Mechau G.K. and Gail W. Stearman Donna Pickel James V. and Sandra E. Risser Charles Sesher and Phyllis A. David B. and Claudia B. Steckel Diana Carlin and G. Joseph Pierron John E. and Lorraine C. Rittmann Shesher Robert Perry and Gail Tabor Steele John R. and Tari Ann Piskac Susan Lynn Roberts Ellie C. Shacter Sara G. Steelman Dwight R. and LaVonne Platt Drs. Lila W. and Albert Robinson Stuart L. Shafer and Patricia L. Wendy S. Steffensen Mary Lee Plumb-Mentjes, Ph.D., and Nancy Roca and Phillip W. Schneider Dickinson John W. Steggall Jr. and Martha L. Conrad V. Mentjes Dr. E. R. Rodabaugh Michael Shannon Quenon Jim and Bethany Plyler David A. Rodgers Charles A. and Joan Sudmann L. Joe Stehlik Michael W. Polera John D. Rogner Shapiro Robert J. and Lyda L. Steiert Frank R. Pommersheim and Anne G. Lenton D. Roller Stuart L. and Diane Sharp Dr. Joseph M. and Lucy N. Stein Dunham Adam W. Rome and Robin G. Julianna Shaull and Eric W. Howland Claude Edmund Stephens Frank J. and Deborah E. Popper Schulze Frank Shaw and Alison Mary Kay Betty C. S. and John R. Sterling David W. and Beverly J. Porter Arlene V. Root Martha J. Shaw Dean Stevens Kenneth A. Porter Jack E. and Sheridan J. Ropp Sandra J. Shaw Vernon M. and Jean M. Stevens George D. and Alice M. Potts Philip Roudebush Stephen J. and Jeannette P. Shawl Wendell H. and Elizabeth J. Stickney Nora Pouillon Matthew N. Rouse Lynn Corey Sheldon and Daniel H. Steve Stodola Donna and Darwin Poulos James A. Rousmaniere Jr. and Sharon Hudnut Robert Stolzle Eric E. and Lora Thompson Powell Ostow Stuart L. and Scott Shell Pablo and Jenean Stone

The Land Report 29 Tony J. and Patricia P. Stoneburner Verlon K. and Elaine J. Vrana Randy and Doris Worcester Heine Brothers’ Coffee Inc. Verner and Marlys Strand W Richard H. and Sherrill Worthen C. M. Hendrycks Apiaries Gail E. Stratton Mary Ellen and William D. Wade Angus Wright I & G Charitable Foundation Marjorie E. Streckfus David Wadsworth and Heidi Betz Austin C. and Ramona M. Wright The Inge Foundation Professor Richard C. Strohman Drs. William and Althea Wagman Harold M. and Patricia J. Wright Kirchhoff Farms Michael E. Stubbs Alvin Wahl Dr. Valerie F. Wright Lakeside Corporation Joyce and Greg Studen Carol N. and William E. Walker Paul Robert and Mary Joanne Wurtz Larrimore Family Foundation Brad R. Stuewe, M.D., and Paula A. Pamela Jo Walker and Walter Bruce H. and Margaret Palm Wyatt The Lasater Ranch Fried, Ph.D. Whitfield Isle Nancy L. Wygant Laucks Foundation Inc. John Carl and Virginia A. Stuhr Patricia J. and Samuel H. Walker Y Marianist Novitiate Mount St. John Connie L. and Karl R. Stutterheim Tom Wallace Michael J. Yochim McBride Family & Aspen Business Michael J. and Susan J. Sudalnik Robert C. Wallis Carroll M. Young, Ph.D. Center Foundation Janet L. Suelter Curtis S. and Evelyn S. Walseth Greg and Donna M. Young North Slope Enterprises Linda Suelter Robert A. Walter J. Lowell and Ruth Ann Young Oak Lodge Foundation Julie Diane Sullivan Janeen A. Walters Lauren Michelle Young Packaging Systems Matthew and Elaine Brown Sullivan Dr. Louise O. Warner and Clyde Rebecca Young Palermo & Spence Planting Service Timothy R. and Karen L. Sullivan Gosnell David A. Yudkin and Jeana S. Pauline-Morton Foundation Nolan G. Sump Nancy E. Warner, M.D. Edelman PennAg Industries Association Whitney and Kate Sunderland Thomas J. Warner Z Petrel Mark International Inc. Robert A. and Mary F. Super Barbara A. and John Wasko Dr. William M. and Dorothy A. Zales Premena Harold R. Supernaw Deborah R. and David M. Watson Marie Zazzi Provident Organic Farm Marian F. Sussman Bruce B. and Nancy Barber Waugh Kirsten L. Zerger and Sanford N. Quincy University Friary, Franciscan Gerald R. and Sandra P. Swafford Richard S. Waxman Nathan Quoyburray Farm Christopher J. Sweeney Leonard J. and Margaret M. Weber Randall L. Ziglar Radiant Health Chiropractic LLC Sharon and Kevin E. Sweeney Wallace N. Weber Dr. Robert L. Zimdahl Radiant Sun Massage Walter P. and Jeanie M. Sy Thomas R. and Deborah Neher Ann M. Zimmerman and Dexter Robert B. Ragland Foundation Inc. T. John Szarkowski Weicht Eggers Price R. & Flora A. Reid Foundation T Jeffrey A. Weih David A. and Ann B. Zimrin Rembe Enterprises Antoinette M. Tadolini and Charles Professor Ray R. Weil Anne Zinsser Grace Jones Richardson Trust R. Clack Marc T. and Kathleen H. Weinberger Rootabaga Enterprises Inc. DBA CF Kelly Tagtow Georgette M. Weir and Jean Claude Fresh James A. Tarnowski and Judy K. Fouere Organization gifts Roxbury Farm Berkshire Kenneth M. and Anne Buchanan Sandhill Farm Inc Jonathan Brett and Michelle Murphy Weiss Businesses and other Don Schlick Carpentry Tate Robert Claire Wemer organizations help fund Simpson Foundation Bron R. Taylor and Beth Corey- Andrew N. and Jeannette E. Westlund Sisters of St. Francis of Tiffin Taylor Todd A. Wetzel The Land Institute. Termini Associates Constance Taylor Orval L. and Mary C. Weyers Trinity Episcopal Church Professor Edith L. Taylor Steven R. Wharton Acme Construction Turtle Foundation James T. and Rosa Lea Taylor Valerie Wheeler and Peter Esainko Affleck Acres Inc. Underground Greenhouse Wayne S. Teel and Alta L. Brubaker, Arthur P. and Jody Whipple All-Around Garden Service Van Atta Associates, Inc. M.D. James M. White and Martha A. Anonymous Van Buren Corporation Inc. Maurice and Jeannine Telleen Liston Arrow Printing Co. Woodland Gardens Landscape Art Thompson, M.D., and Susie Sandra and David Whitmore Austin Memorial Foundation Service Inc. Massoth Rebecca Wiebe and Michael Freed Emma Balsiger Foundation Inc. Janice R. Thompson Leon H. and Sue H. Wilber Brown Brothers Farming John W. Thompson Ray Wilber and Cathy Dwigans Buckskin Valley Farms Donors of time Margo Thompson Ms. Amy Wildermuth Cedar Valley Honey Farms Tom and Mary Thompson Todd A. Wildermuth and Sanne H. Chez Panisse Foundation and goods Patricia A. and Clarence W. Thomson Knudsen Clubine & Rettele, Chartered John A. and Linda L. Thornton Linda and Peter Wilhelm Collins Family Foundation People and groups help us Amy L. Tomson The Rev. Cynthia C. Willauer Franklin Conklin Foundation by giving material and time Richard and Marney Toole Roslyn Willett Construction Management & Design as volunteers, especially Andre and Ruth Anne Toth Judith E. Williams Inc. Douglas Clark Towne Linda W. and Clifford E. Williams Dahl & Associates for our Prairie Festival. Carol A. Tunell and Mark K. Michael C. and Jan B. Williams DAK Inc., Doug’s Optical Dispensers Crawford Stanley Paul Williams Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation Brian Lefler Curtis M. Twedt Suzanne H. and Fred F. Williams The William H. Donner Foundation Ken Warren U Phillip J. Wilmore Double J Farms Inc. Sharron G. Uhler Gabriel C. Wilmoth and Catherine Drummond & Associates Cork and Ella Umphrey Walsh Ecological Farming Association Wes and Ellie Unruh Ashley Wilson Econologistics V David B. and Nancy H. Wilson Ecumenical Project for International Robert Himmerich y Valencia, Ph.D., Kristin J. and D. Morgan Wilson Cooperation Inc. and Eva Valencia de Himmerich Jara Wind Footprints J. Pat Valentik Peter H. Wirth and Ann Fisher-Wirth Fry Masonry Marjorie and Lynn Van Buren Klaus H. and Karin Wisiol Garden Farme Nancy B. Van Dyke Jean C. Withrow and James J. Garfield Farm Museum Gary Allen and Donna June Via Haggerty Gentle Harvest Gregory L. Vlaming Franklin P. and Jean Howell Witte Grain Place Foods Inc. Robert L. and Sonia Vogl Dorothy P. Wonder Great Plains Earth Institute Elizabeth J. Vollbrecht Joel and Joan G. Woodhull Grip-Fast Farms Thomas von Geldern and Cynthia L. Kevin J. and Diana L. Woods Gustafson Law Office, PLLC Skrukrud George M. and Katharine R. Hamill Family Foundation Ronald J. and Nancy A. Vos Woodwell Hanging Dog Valley Nursery

The Land Report 30 The writers and artists

Carl N. McDaniel is professor of biology at Rens- English literacy instructor for Lanier Technical College. selaer Polytechnic Institute in Troy, New York, and a Stan Cox leads The Land Institute’s plant breeding member of The Land Institute’s Natural Systems Agri- team. culture Advisory Group. He is the author of two books: David Van Tassel is a Land Institute plant breeder. Paradise for Sale, with economist John M. Gowdy, and Wes Jackson is The Land Institute’s president, and Wisdom for a Livable Planet. author of books including Altars of Unhewn Stone. Birger Sandzen, 1871-1954, was a Swede who Terry Evans, a Land Institute board member, has came as a young man to Bethany College in Lindsborg, several books of photographs, primarily about the nature Kansas, intrigued by reading of America and Mexico. of prairie, from native state to human use. Her latest He taught painting, art history, languages and esthetics work is Revealing Chicago: An Aerial Portrait. at Bethany, and promoted appreciation of art in the Mid- Lee DeHaan is a Land Institute plant breeder. He west. A namesake gallery in Lindsborg shows his work visited Kenya to give a presentation at the International and that of other artists. You can learn more at www. Ecoagriculture Conference and Practitioners’ Fair. sandzen.org. Scott Bontz edits The Land Report. Dana Wildsmith is the author of four poetry books: Wylie Harris ranches with his family in Cooke One Good Hand, Our Bodies Remember, Annie and Al- County, Texas, north of Fort Worth. He was a Land Insti- chemy. She lives in Bethlehem, Georgia, and works as an tute graduate student fellow.

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