SustainBaltic ICZM Plans for Sustaining Coastal and Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Region LÄÄNE-VIRU INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN LÄÄNE-VIRU INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN SustainBaltic ICZM Plans for Sustaining Coastal and Marine Human-ecological Networks in the Baltic Region Conducted by: Maila Kuusik (Estonian University of Life Sciences, [email protected]), Tarmo Pikner (Tallinn University, [email protected]), Anu Printsmann (Tallinn University, [email protected]) and Janar Raet (Estonian University of Life Sciences, [email protected]) Design & layout: Karl-Kristjan Videvik The project involved partners: Estonian University of Life Sciences, Tallinn University, University of Turku, Finnish Environment Intitute, and Regional Council of Satakunta SustainBaltic is funded by the European Regional Development Fund under the Central Baltic Programme 2014–2020 Tallinn 2018 EUROPEAN UNION European Regional Development Fund Photo: Karl-K. Videvik EUROPEAN UNION European Regional Development Fund Content Introduction 4 1. ABOUT THE ICZM PLAN FOR THE LÄÄNE-VIRU CASE AREA 5 1.1 Selection and scope of the case area 5 1.2 The relations of the management plan with spatial strategies, and its possible applications 6 1.3 The process of the Lääne-Viru case area management plan and the participation of stakeholders 7 2. CURRENT SITUATION 7 2.1 Possible contradictions and relationships between the fields of activities 8 3. VISIONS FOR THE FUTURE 10 4. MANAGEMENT PLAN ACTIVITIES 10 4.1 Recreation 11 4.1.1 Coastal bathing sites 12 4.1.2 Hiking trails 14 4.1.3 State forests of increased public interest 15 4.2 Mobility 16 4.2.1 Access to the sea and connections 17 4.2.2 Small-craft harbours 17 4.2.3 Cycle and pedestrian tracks 19 4.2.4 Maritime rescue and security 19 4.3 Communities and entrepreneurship based on the regional specifics 20 4.3.1 Coastal fishing 20 4.3.2 Community-based entrepreneurship 22 4.3.3 Residential building areas 23 5. SUMMARY 25 the stakeholders and end-users directed b) strengthening the viability of historic al Zone Management, however, is up to INTRODUCTION by the project members; and 5) As the coastal villages and communities, the countries and local authorities them- final results of SustainBaltic the updated c) using the natural resources of the selves. Therefore, there is no explicitly SustainBaltic i.e. ICZM Plans for Sustain- completed ICZM plans can be download- marine and coastal zones sustaina- accepted methodology for the manage- ing Coastal and Marine Human-ecological ed from the websites of the partner or- bly. ment plan. Networks in the Baltic Region project is ganisations and at the http://www.utu.fi/ In this management plan, the socio-eco- implemented for 27 months during 2016- SustainBaltic, also beyond the project life logical networks of the sea and the land Many people have contributed to the 2018. SustainBaltic (CB354) is funded span. In addition, the interim results and are determined and the suggestive activ- preparation of the management plan. A by the European Regional Development the other activity phases of the prepara- ities are based on aspects of sustainable number of interviews and meetings with Fund (ERDF) under the Central Baltic tion of the first ICZM drafts are found at and balanced development. Sustainabili- different stakeholders were conducted Programme 2014-2020. SustainBaltic is the https://blogit.utu.fi/sustainbaltic. ty means diverse cultural and economic during the preparation of the plan and a joint cooperation project of Universi- activities that are integrated with envi- the steering group of the Lääne-Viru case ty of Turku, Estonian University of Life This ICZM plan (hereinafter: the man- ronmental values and do not harm nature area advised in drafting the plan. The Sciences, Finnish Environment Institute, agement plan) covers the Lääne-Viru and natural resources in the long term. people who prepared the management Regional Council of Satakunta and Tallinn case area, which extends from Käsmu to plan thank the steering group consisting University. Kunda (see Figure 1). The management The management plan is primarily fo- of representatives of local authorities – plan has a 10-year perspective, with the cused on the greater integration of tra- Anneli Kivisaar (Haljala rural municipality), The project targets to improve the share aim of outlining the current trends and ditional fields of activity and the oppor- Ivar Lilleberg (formerly Vihula rural mu- of the managed coastal networks in the the necessary activities. The manage- tunities for diversification, especially nicipality), Mati Jõgi (formerly Lääne-Viru Central Baltic area by the cross-border ment plan is a knowledge-based guid- considering the possibilities of using the county government), and Marit Laast preparation of the ICZM plans for total ance document that combines various coastal sea and the land together, as well (Viru-Nigula rural municipality) –, Imbi four case areas with their public assess- development strategies and can be used as the seasonal nature of many activities Mets and Maret Vildak from the Envi- ment in Estonia and Finland. This was in the development of several plans, de- (recreational economy, coastal fishing). It ronmental Board, and Jaan Kangur from planned to achieve by 1) Integrating multi- velopment plans, and strategic projects is also important to integrate the fields the Ministry of Finance. Many thanks to disciplinary human-ecological data on the (see Figure 2). of activity (combining activities) – coast- Kristel Toom (Tallinn University) for the whole project area: in Finland the regions al fishing and tourism, ports and sports financial administration; to all Finnish of Satakunta and Southwest Finland and The management plan consists of two camps, nature conservation, and entre- colleagues, and project colleagues from in Estonia the areas of Lääne, Harju and parts: a description of the situation and preneurship – as well as develop coop- Estonian University of Life Sciences Lääne-Viru with their land-sea interfaces; context based on values and challenges; eration both within the areas of activity working with Läänemaa ICZM case. We 2) Selecting the themes of ICZMs and and an operational part of the manage- (ports, bathing spots, etc.) and between also thank all the interviewees, partici- case study areas which locate along the ment plan that includes integrated ac- them. pants in public discussions, and respond- coast of Lääne and Lääne-Viru in Estonia tivities and a scheme. The management ents to the questionnaires. and in the region of Satakunta in Finland; plan is based on the maritime vision of In the context of spatial planning in the 3) Making four digital ICZM plans which Lääne-Viru county, which focuses on European Union, the ICZM is formally were first tested with the current region- three main areas: considered separate from Marine Spa- This report is an abridged translation al land use of the project area; 4) Public a) ensuring the development of diverse tial Planning – MSP. The preparation of from an Estonian version, which can be assessing of the plans using both e-plat- maritime transport, ports, and mari- MSP is obligatory for Member States. downloaded from the project web-page forms and arranging working groups with time tourism, The realisation of the Integrated Coast- mentioned above. LÄÄNE-VIRU INTEGRATED COASTAL ZONE MANAGEMENT PLAN 4 $ 50 20 20 Na�uri 1. ABOUT THE ICZM 50 10 Lahe Pedassaare PLAN FOR THE 5 20 Pihlaspea 20 Lobi LÄÄNE-VIRU CASE 10 Käsmu Kooli- mäe AREA 5 Mustoja 20 Vergi Vainupea 20 Altja Eru Haili Mustoja Pajuveski 1.1 SELECTION AND Koljaku Oandu 10 Võsu Tepel- Andi 5 Korjuse välja SCOPE OF THE CASE Eisma Karepa 10 Lauli Vihula Karula Võsu Rutja AREA 5 Sagadi The case areas were selected in the pro- Kiva Selja Toolse Tidriku ject areas (in Finland: Satakunta and Vars- Ojaküla inais-Suomi counties, in Estonia: Lääne Kaliküla Kunda Palmse county, Harju county, and Lääne-Viru HALJALA MUNICIPALITY Kivi- county) with a regional geoinformatics Selja küla (geographic information system – GIS) analysis with the following criteria: VIRU-NIGULA a) nature areas of high nature value, Border of the test area Se�led area MUNICIPALITY b) diverse land use specific to coastal Municipal border Agricultural area 1:250 000 Se�lement unit border Natural area zones, 0 2.5 5 10 km AP2018 c) population processes (marginalisa- tion and sparsely populated areas), The case area of Lääne-Viru county is fishermen). The determination of borders Figure 1. The location and boundaries of the d) cultural heritage, located between Käsmu and Kunda. is always conditional and subjective and case area (data: Estonian Land Board, 2018; e) the cross-border aspect. Initially, the border of the case area to- raises a number of questions. There is no Estonian Maritime Admistration, 2017). wards land and in the marine area was clear internal border on the coastal land- As a result of an analysis based on these indicatively set as 5 km from the coast- scape. Instead, it is conventional usually the land and the sea can be found in the criteria, regions with moderate human line. On land, the border of the case area a coastal zone that is up to a few kilo- area located between the road and the impact in Lääne county and Lääne-Viru was later specified, covering the so- metres wide and often extends to a larg- sea running along the coast. county were selected, which would re- called second-round villages (Figure 1). er road running along the coast.1 In the flect more generally the socio-ecological The borders were set on the basis of the context of this management plan, the The case area is located on the territo- tendencies and value-based challenges consultations with various stakeholders case area is somewhat broader.