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Parashat Shemini: Eight and the Burnt Offering Source Sheet By​ Rabbi Mira Rivera for Romemu Open Book

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Parashat Shemini: Eight and the Burnt Offering Source Sheet By​ Rabbi Mira Rivera for Romemu Open Book בס"ד Parashat Shemini: Eight and the Burnt Offering Source Sheet by​ Rabbi Mira Rivera for Romemu Open Book 1. Leviticus 9:1-6 ויקרא ט׳:א׳-ו׳ (1) On the eighth day Moses (א) וַיְִהי֙ ַבּיּ֣וֹם ַה ְשּׁ ִמינִ֔י ָקָר֣א called Aaron and his sons, and מֶֹשׁ֔ה ְל ֲאַהרֹ֖ן ְוּלָבנָ֑יו ְוּלִזְקֵנ֖י the elders of Israel. (2) He said to יִ ְשָׂרֵֽאל׃ (ב) וַיֹּ֣ ֶאמר ֶֽא ֲל־אַהרֹ֗ן Aaron: “Take a calf of the herd for a sin offering and a ram for a ק ְח־ל֠ך ֵעֶ֣גל ֶבּ ָן־בּק֧ר ְל ַח ָטּ֛את ַ ָ ָ ,burnt offering, without blemish וְאַ֥יִל ְלעָֹל֖ה ְתּ ִמ ִימ֑ם וְַהְקֵר֖ב ִלְפֵנ֥י .and bring them before the LORD יְהוָֽה׃ (ג) וְֶא ְל־בֵּנ֥י יִ ְשָׂרֵא֖ל ,And speak to the Israelites (3) ְתַּדֵבּ֣ר ֵלאמֹ֑ר ְקח֤וּ ְשִׂע ִיר־עִזּים֙ saying: Take a he-goat for a sin ְל ַח ָטּ֔את וְֵעֶ֨גל וֶָכֶ֧בשׂ ְבֵּנ ָי־שׁנָ֛ה ,offering; a calf and a lamb yearlings without blemish, for a ְתּ ִמ ִימ֖ם ְלעָֹלה׃ (ד) וְשׁ֨וֹר וָאַ֜יִל ֽ burnt offering; (4) and an ox and ִל ְשָׁל ִמ֗ים ִלְזבַֹּ֙ח֙ ִלְפֵנ֣י יְהוָ֔ה a ram for an offering of ִוּמנְ ָח֖ה ְבּ ָלוּל֣ה ַב ָשּׁ֑ ֶמן ִכּ֣י ַהיּ֔וֹם well-being to sacrifice before the יְהוָ֖ה נְִראָ֥ה ֲאֵל ֶֽיכם׃ (ה) וַיְִּקח֗וּ LORD; and a meal offering with ֵא֚ת ֲא ֶשׁ֣ר ִצוָּ֣ה מֶֹשׁ֔ה ֶא ְל־פֵּנ֖י oil mixed in. For today the אֶֹ֣הל ֵמוֹע֑ד וַיִּקְרבוּ֙ ָכּ ָל־הֵ֣עָד֔ה (LORD will appear to you.” (5 ֽ ְ They brought to the front of the וַיַַּֽע ְמד֖וּ ִלְפֵנ֥י יְהוָֽה׃ (ו) וַיֹּ֣ ֶאמר Tent of Meeting the things that מֶֹשׁ֔ה ֶז֧ה ַהָדָּב֛ר ֲא ֶשׁ ִר־צוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה Moses had commanded, and the ַתֲּעשׂ֑וּ וְיֵָר֥א ֲאֵל ֶיכ֖ם ְכּב֥וֹד יְהוָה׃ whole community came forward and stood before the LORD. (6) Moses said: “This is what the LORD has commanded that you do, that the Presence of the LORD may appear to you.” 1 רבנו בחיי, ויקרא ט׳:א׳:ה׳-ו׳ Rabbeinu Bahya, Vayikra 9:1:5-6 .2 ויהי ביום השמיני קרא משה (5) (ה) ויהי ביום השמיני קרא לאהרן ולבניו ולזקני ישראל משה לאהרן ולבניו ולזקני It“ , was on the eighth day; Moses ישראל חנוך כהונה גדולה called upon Aaron, his sons, ​. ביום שמיני כולל עוד טעם and the elders of Israel.”​ The אחר, והוא שמצינו שרוב עניני reason that the office of the High המשכן והמקדש סובבים על Priest began functioning on the חשבון שמונה שהרי בגדי כהן eighth day was due to yet another cause in addition to what we have , גדול היו שמונה, ואלו הן, ציץ mentioned. We observe that in וחשן ואפוד ומעיל וכתונת connection with the Tabernacle תשבץ מצנפת ואבנט ומכנסי and the Temple the number eight plays a very significant role. The בד. בושמי שמן המשחה High Priest wore eight garments. והקטרת היו ג"כ שמונה, The number of fragrances בשמן המשחה ארבעה מור consisting of anointing oil, and וקנמון וקנה וקדה, ובקטורת incense was eight. The anointing ארבעה נטף ושחלת וחלבנה oil contained four such מר קנמון קנה ולבונה. גם הבדים היו שמונה, , , , .fragrances, i.e Exodus 30,23-24) whereas) ,קדה שני בדי הארון, ושנים לשלחן, there were four additional ושנים למזבח הזהב, ושנים fragrances which made up the למזבח העולה. גם הקרבנות נטף, שחלת, incense. They were שהיו מקריבים לא הוכשרו The .(חלבנה, לבונה (30,34 ליקרב כי אם אחר שמונה number of staves used to carry the furnishings of the Tabernacle ימים, הוא שכתוב (ויקרא also amounted to eight; 2 each כ״ב:כ״ז) ומיום השמיני והלאה for the Holy Ark, 2 for the golden ירצה, גם השיר שהיו הלוים Altar, 2 for the table, and two for אומרים על הקרבנות היו .transporting the copper Altar שמונה לחנין ר ל שמונה מיני Animals which were basically fit as sacrifices on the Altar had to " ) 2 כלי זמר) למנצח על נגינות, על be at least eight days old מחלת, על עלמות, על Leviticus 22,27). The musical) הנחילות על השושנים על instruments used when the Levites sang the daily hymn , , הגתית, על השמינית. היום during the service numbered השמיני הזה ר"ח ניסן היה eight as we know from Psalms שבו הוקם המשכן ונטל עשרה .and others 4,1 עטרות In this instance the eighth day was the first day of Nissan, a day when the Tabernacle was not only erected but remained standing. ויקרא ט׳:ז׳-י׳ Leviticus 9:7-10 .3 (ז) וַיֹּ֨ ֶאמר מֶֹשׁ֜ה ֶֽא ֲל־אַהרֹ֗ן :Then Moses said to Aaron (7) קַרב ֶא ַל־ה ִמְּזֵבּ ַח וַע ֵשׂה Come forward to the altar and“ ְ ֤ ֙ ֙ ֲ ֞ sacrifice your sin offering and ֶא ַת־חָֽטּ ְאתָך֙ וְֶאת־עָֹ֣ל ֶתָ֔ך וְַכֵפּ֥ר your burnt offering, making ַֽבַּעְדָך֖ ְוּבַע֣ד ָהָע֑ם וֲַע ֵשׂ֞ה expiation for yourself and for the ֶא ָת־קְרַבּ֤ן ָהָעם֙ וְַכֵפּ֣ר ַֽבֲּעָד֔ם people; and sacrifice the people’s offering and make expiation for ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ֖ר ִצוָּ֥ה יְהוָֽה׃ (ח) וַיְִּקַר֥ב אַהרֹן א ַל־ה ִמּזֵבּ ַח וַיִּשׁ ַחט them, as the LORD has ֲ ֖ ֶ ְ ֑ ְ ֛ commanded.” (8) Aaron came ֶא ֵת־עֶ֥גל ַה ַח ָטּ֖את ֲא ֶשׁ ֽר־לוֹ׃ (ט) forward to the altar and וַ֠יְַּקִרבוּ ְבֵּנ֨י ֲאַהרֹ֣ן ֶא ַת־הָדּם֮ ֵאָליו֒ slaughtered his calf of sin וַיְִּטבֹּ֤ל ֶאְצָבּעוֹ֙ ַבָּדּ֔ם וַיִֵּתּ֖ן offering. (9) Aaron’s sons brought the blood to him; he ַעל־קְרנ֣וֹת ַה ִמְּזֵבּ֑ ַח וְֶא ַת־הָדּ֣ם ַ dipped his finger in the blood and יַָצ֔ק ֶאל־יְס֖וֹד ַה ִמְּזֵֽבּ ַח׃ (י) ;put it on the horns of the altar וְֶא ַת־ה ֵחֶ֨לב וְֶא ַת־הְכָּליֹ֜ת and he poured out the rest of the וְֶא ַת־היֶֹּתֶ֤רת ִמ ַן־הָכֵּבד֙ (blood at the base of the altar. (10 ִמ ַן־ה֣ ַח ָטּ֔את ִה ִקט֖יר ַה ִמְּזֵבּ֑ ָחה The fat, the kidneys, and the protuberance of the liver from the 3 ַכּ ֲא ֶשׁ֛ר ִצוָּ֥ה יְהוָ֖ה ֶאת־מֶֹשׁה׃ sin offering he turned into smoke on the altar—as the LORD had commanded Moses; ויקרא ט׳:י״א-ט״ז Leviticus 9:11-16 .4 (יא) וְֶא ַת־הָבּ ָשׂ֖ר וְֶא ָת־הע֑וֹר and the flesh and the skin (11) ָשַׂרף ָבֵּאשׁ ִמחוּץ ַל ַמּ ֲחֶנה׃ יב were consumed in fire outside the ֣ ֔ ֖ ֽ ֽ ( ) camp. (12) Then he slaughtered וַיִּ ְשׁ ַח֖ט ֶא ָת־העָֹל֑ה וַ֠יְַּמִצאוּ ְבֵּנ֨י the burnt offering. Aaron’s sons ֲאַהרֹ֤ן ֵאָליו֙ ֶא ַת־הָדּ֔ם וַיְִּזְרֵק֥הוּ passed the blood to him, and he ַע ַל־ה ִמְּזֵבּ֖ ַח ָסִֽביב׃ (יג) dashed it against all sides of the וְֶא ָת־העָֹל֗ה ִה ְמִצ֧יאוּ ֵאָל֛יו altar. (13) They passed the burnt ִלנ ָתח ָיה וא ָת־הרֹאשׁ וַיַּקֵטר offering to him in sections, as ְ ֶ ֖ ְֶ ֑ ְ ֖ well as the head, and he turned it ַע ַל־ה ִמְּזֵֽבּ ַח׃ (יד) וַיְִּר ַח֥ץ into smoke on the altar. (14) He ֶא ַת־הֶקֶּ֖רב וְֶא ַת־הְכָּרָע֑יִם וַיְַּקֵט֥ר ,washed the entrails and the legs ַע ָל־העָֹל֖ה ַה ִמְּזֵֽבּ ָחה׃ (טו) and turned them into smoke on the altar with the burnt offering. וַיַּקֵר֕ב ֵא֖ת קְרַבּ֣ן ָהָע֑ם וַיִּקּ֞ח ְ ָ ַ Next he brought forward the (15) ֶא ְת־שִׂע֤יר ַֽה ַח ָטּאת֙ ֲא ֶשׁ֣ר ָלָע֔ם people’s offering. He took the וַיִּ ְשׁ ָחֵט֥הוּ וַֽיְַח ְטֵּא֖הוּ ָכִּר ֽאשׁוֹן׃ ,goat for the people’s sin offering (טז) וַיְַּקֵר֖ב ֶא ָת־העָֹל֑ה וַֽיֲַּע ֶשׂ֖ ָה and slaughtered it, and presented ַכּ ִמּ ְשָׁפּט׃ it as a sin offering like the previous one. (16) He brought forward the burnt offering and sacrificed it according to regulation. שפתי חכמים, ויקרא ט׳:י״א:א׳ Siftei Chakhamim, Leviticus 9:11:1 .5 (1) ​And all of them by Divine 4 א וכולן על פי הדיבור דקשה command. Rashi is answering ​ ​. ​ ( ) לרש"י הא חטאת נאכלת. א"נ the question: Usually, the דקשה לרש י כיון דהכל הוא !sin-offering is eaten Alternatively: Rashi is answering " עבודת עגל חטאת עד וישחט the question: Since this entire את העולה, היה לו לכתוב section is about the avodah of the כאשר צוה ה' את משה אחר sin-offering, until (v. 12): “He קרא דואת הבשר וגו', דאז ”,slaughtered the burnt-offering הוא קאי אכל הפרשה ומתרץ .Scripture should have written (v 10): “Just as Adonai commanded . דשריפה זו לא נצטווה למשה Moshe” after verse (11): “And קודם לכן אלא עכשיו, דלא the flesh...” so that then it would מצינו וכו' אלא זו ושל מילואים, refer to the entire section. Rashi מש"ה לא כתיב לבסוף וק"ל. answers: The burning of this sin-offering was not commanded והא דפירש רש"י לעיל ,to Moshe beforehand, only now בפרשת תצוה לא מצינו חטאת for we do not find, etc. except“ חיצונה נשרפת אלא זו, צ"ל this one and that of the לאו דוקא זו אלא זו וכל כיוצא installation.” For this reason, it בו דהאי נמי של מילואים נק was not written at the end [of the Minchas Yehudah ,' , section] (​ ​). אלא שאותו של שבעת ימי You might ask:] Above, in [the] המילואים היתה לחינוך parallel verse in] Parshat הכהונה שמאז חל עליהם שם Tetzaveh (Shemot 29:14): Rashi כהונה אע"פ שלא התחילו explains: “We find no other besides בעבודה עד יום שמיני outside sin-offering burnt this one ​” [and he does not למילואים, ושל שמיני ![mention the one of installation למילואים היתה לחינוך The answer is: He does not mean העבודה, וגם פר שני של לוים only this one; rather, this one and שבפרשת בהעלותך שפירש"י all that resemble it. For that one שני שני לעולה מה עולה is also termed “one of installation.” It was only that the , , אינה נאכלת אף חטאת אינה one [outside sin-offering] of the נאכלת וכו', שגם היא של seven days of installation was for 5 מילואים היא שבה נתחנכו ,the inauguration of the kehunah הלוים לעבודת לויה.
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