DYNAMIC GROUND WATER RESOURCES OF MADHYA PRADESH (As on March, 2015) 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background Madhya Pradesh is located in the central part of India or metaphorically, the heart of India. The State of Madhya Pradesh is a land-locked State, bordered on the west by Gujarat, on the northwest by Rajasthan, on the northeast by Uttar Pradesh, on the east by Chhattisgarh, and on the south by Maharashtra(Figure-1). It has a geographical area of 3,08,252 Sq. km. and is situated between north latitudes 21° 04' and 26° 54' and east longitudes 74° 00' and 82° 50'. There are 51 districts and 313 Community Development blocks in Madhya Pradesh. The population of state as per census 2011 is 7.27 crores with a population density of 236 persons per sq.km area. Out of total population, 72.37% is rural. The important urban areas in the State are Bhopal, Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and Gwalior. Dhupgarh in Pachmarhi is on 1350 m amsl which is the highest elevation point in the state. Madhya Pradesh comprises several linguistically and culturally distinct regions, of which the major regions are: Malwa - A plateau region in the northwest of the state, north of the Vindhya Range, with its distinct language and culture. Indore is the major city of the region, while Ujjain is a town of historical importance. Bhopal, the capital city, lies on the extension of Malwa Region and on the edge of Bundelkhand region. Nimar (Nemar): the western portion of the NarmadaRiver valley, lying south of the Vindhyas in the southwest portion of the state. This region comprises Khandwa, Khargone, Burhanpur and Barwani districts. Bundelkhand: a region of rolling hills and fertile valleys in the northern part of the state, which slopes down toward the Indo-Gangetic plain to the north. Gwalior is an historic center of the region. This region encompasses Datia, Sagar, Damoh Panna, Chhatarpur and Tikamgarh Districts. Chambal: the north-western region. A mountainous region rich in red, soft, and fragile sandstone. The climate is harsh, and the area is known for murderous pirates who were active in hundreds in the late 1900s. This region comprises Sheopur, Morena and Bhind districts. Baghelkhand: a hilly region in the northeast of the state, which includes the eastern end of the Vindhya Range. Satna, Rewa and Sidhi districts lie in this Region. Mahakoshal (Mahakaushal): the southeastern portion of the state, which includes the eastern end of the Narmada river valley and the eastern Satpuras. Jabalpur is the most important city in the region. Katni and Jabalpur districts lie in this Region. Central Vindhya and Satpura region: Occupy most of the central Narmada river valley. Hoshangabad, Harda, Narsimhapur districts lie in this Region. 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 27 27 PORSA ATER ADMINISTRATIVE MAP / ASSESSMENT UNITS MADHYA PRADESH MORENA MEHGAON GOHAD RON SABALGARH MORAR 0 100 200 26 GHATIGAON SEONDHA 26 VIJAYPUR BHITARWAR BHANDER kilometers SHEOPUR NARWAR DATIA POHARISHIVPURI KARAHAL U T T A R P R A D E S H KARERA NIWARI PICHHORE GAURIHAR KOLARAS PRITHVIPUR NOWGAON R A J A S T H A N LAUNDI BADARWAS KHANIYADHANA PALERA 25 JATARA JAWA 25 AJAIGARH MAJHGAWAN CHHATARPUR BAMORI JAWAD GUNA ISAGARH BALDEOGARH PANNA GANGEV HANUMANA CHANDERI TIKAMGARH NAGOD BHANPURA ASHOKNAGAR BADA MALHERA RAMPUR KARCHULIYAN MANASA GUNNOR SIHAWAL ARON MUNGAOLI NEEMUCH SIDHI AMARPATAN GAROTH CHACHAURA BUXWAHA MALHARGARH BINA HATTA PAWAI MALTHON MAIIHAR RAMNAGAR DEOSAR SIRONJ BATIYAGARH MAJHOLI SUSNER KHILCHIPUR KHURAI BANDA BEOHARI SITAMAU WAIDHAN 24 MANDSAUR VIJAYRAGHAVGARH KUSMI 24 BIAORA PATERA PATHARIA NATERAN BASODA RITHI NALKHEDA RAHATGARH KATNI JAISINGHNAGAR ALOT AGAR SARANGPUR DAMOH JAORA BERASIA JAISINAGAR REHLI JABERA VIDISHA BEGAMGANJ MOMAN BADODIYA MAJHOLI KARKELI GOHPARU KHCHROD GAIRATGANJ KESLIDEORI TENDULHEDA SHAJAPUR SEHORE RAISEN BURHAR BAJNA RATLAM GHATIA SILWANI KOTMA PHANDA PANAGAR G U J A R A T SOHAGPUR SHAHPURA ANUPPUR UJJAIN THANDLA TONKKHURD SHAHPURA BADNAGAR CHAWARPATHA NIWAS DINDORI GOHAGANJ BARAILY JAITHARI 23 MEGHNAGAR DEWAS ASHTA ICHHAWAR 23 GADARWARA KARELI BIJADANDI MENHADWANI BADNAWAR SAWER JHABUA BANKHEDI SARDARPUR NASRULLAGANJ BABAI AMARPUR DHAR INDORE PIPARIYA LAKHNADON KHATEGAON MANDLA BAGLI KARANJIYA BHAVRA KANNOD HARRAI TIRLA MHOW DHANORA KESALA TAMIA NAINPUR MAWAI BICHHIYA JOBAT GANDHWANI HARDA ALIRAJPUR AMARWARA KEOLARI UMARVAN MAHESHWAR KILLOD PUNASA JAMAI NISARPUR KHIRKIYA CHICHOLI PARASIA SEONI SONDWA PARASWADA THIKRI HARSUD 22 KASRAWAD CHAURAI 22 AMLA LALBARRA PATI MOHKHED RAJPUR CHHEGAON MAKHAN BHIMPUR BETUL C H H A T T I S G A R H KHARGONE BIRSA KHALWA MULTAI KURAI PANSEMAL BICHHUA PANDHANA KATANGI PRABHAT PATTAN SAUSAR KIRNAPUR SENDHWA JHIRANYA ATHNER LANJI KHAKNAR M A H A R A S H T R A 21 21 74 75 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 Figure: 1 Administrative Map/ Assessment units of Madhya Pradesh 2 Agriculture is the main stay of the people of Madhya Pradesh. Water is essential for irrigation purposes, but its indiscriminate use can lead not only to shortages, but also to the deterioration of crop yields and soils. The impact of over development on dynamic resources of ground water resources is noticed in many places in Madhya Pradesh especially in western part called Malwa region. In these areas depletion of water levels, drying of wells and ground water quality problems are reported. The State has varied hydrogeological characteristics due to which ground water potential varies from place to place. Increasing urbanization and growing dependence on ground water for irrigation in the state has called for judicious and planned uses of ground water resources. Ground water resource of a region is one of the building blocks for balanced economic development of the area, especially in an agriculture based society. The dynamic ground water refers to the quantity of ground water available in the zone of water level fluctuation, which is active recharge zone and replenished annually. In addition to the dynamic ground water resource, there exists a limited ground water reservoir in the deeper zones below the active recharge zone and in the confined aquifers in Madhya Pradesh. The ground water exploitation primarily confines in the shallow aquifer. The sustainability of shallow aquifers plays an important role for the development of ground water structures. The sustainable development of ground water resources, therefore, warrants precise quantitative assessment of dynamic ground water resources based on the reasonably valid scientific principles Central Ground Water Board (CGWB) in association with Ground Water Survey Department, Water Resources Department, Government of M.P. has assessed dynamic ground water resources of Madhya Pradesh in 313 assessment units (Figure-1) according to the methodology recommended by the Ground Water Estimation Committee constituted by Government of India (GEC 1997). The Present report quantifies the dynamic ground water resources of MadhyaPradesh State for the base year 2014-15. 1.2 Constitution of State Level Technical Committee for Ground Water Resource Estimation Ground Water Resources Estimation of the country was done for the first time in the year 1979. A committee known as Ground Water Exploitation Committee was constituted by Agriculture Refinance and Development Corporation (ARDC) of Government of India Based on the methodology and norms recommended by the above committee ground water resources were assessed. Subsequently, necessity was felt to refine the methodologies and the “Ground Water Estimation Committee (GEC)” headed by the Chairman, CGWB came into existence. Based on the detailed Surveys and Studies carried out by the different Regions and Projects of CGWB, the committee recommended the revised methodology in 1984 (GEC- 84) for estimation of ground water resources. Again in year 1997, Ground Water Estimation Committee revised its methodology and suggested the modified methodology for computation of ground water resource estimation, which was refined on the basis of studies of State Government agencies and CGWB. The dynamic ground water resources of all the 313 blocks of Madhya Pradesh were assessed based on GEC’97 methodology by Central Ground Water Board, North Central Region, Bhopal and State Ground Water Survey Department, Madhya Pradesh in 1998. Later, only ground water draft figures were modified by Central Ground Water Board, in the year 2003/04 based on the data made available by the state agencies. After approval by the State Level Technical 3 Committee and the recommendations of the standing Committee on R&D Advisory Committee, New Delhi, the final report was released in the year 2004. The estimation was done in the year 2008-09, 2010-11 & 2012-13. The changes in ground water scenario in many parts of state and recommendation of National Water policy 2002, the reassessment of dynamic ground water resources of Madhya Pradesh for the base year 2014-15, has been presently estimated. A State Level Technical Committee was constituted for Re-Estimation of Ground Water Resources of Madhya Pradesh under the Chairmanship of the Principal Secretary, Water Resources Department, Government of M.P. vide letter No. 126/M.I./31/2010 dated 15.02.2010 (Annexure-I) for the assessment 2010- 11 (Appendix 1) is continue to function for the assessment 2013-14 as per office note of then Principal secretary (Appendix 2). The structure of Committee was with following nominees of different departments: 1. Principal Secretary, Water Resources Department, Government of M.P. - Chairman 2. Engineer -in - Chief, Water Resources Department