The Path of Letters

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

The Path of Letters NUMBER 08 Kosovar Center for Investigative Journalism (KCIJ). Editor in Charge: Lorik Bajrami; Reporters: Florie Xhemajli; Qëndrim Bunjaku; MONTHLY NEWSPAPER JUNE 2014 Arton Demhasaj; Tinka Kurti; Visar Duriqi; Besa Kalaja; Besnik Boletini. Phone: 038 248 506. E-mail: [email protected] PREPORTR THE NAKED UNIVERSITY THE PATH OF LETTERS A considerable part of governmental officials, including Prishtina University, to a large extent, conducts its studies ministers, are at the same time teachers in institutions of without literature. The basis of the program of this university higher education. This has degraded the quality of teach- continues to be scripts and sketches of lectures. The current ing in this education level, making it a mockery of science. literature is very outdated. In general, we have a going back as Besa Kalaja, Qëndrim Bunjaku regards the standard of studying in this university, a return to “The Path of Letters”, when we only got the alphabet. Besnik Boletini Hashim THAÇI Kryeministër i Republikës së Kosovës 15 Janar 2010 “TEMPLES OF KNOWLEDGE AND SCIENCE ARE THE RAY OF LIGHT FOR THE NATION AND HUMANITY” JUNE 2014 | NR 8 2 MONTHLY NEWSPAPER The naked University A considerable part of governmental officials, in- cluding ministers, are at the same time teachers in institutions of higher education. This has degraded the quality of teaching in this education level, mak- ing it a mockery of science BESA KALAJA, QËNDRIM BUNJAKU The politics has stripped the credibility in front of the public academic staff of UP and private work in university as secondary. Despite the fact that Demo- University of Prishtina from eye. colleges. The university also has consid- cratic League of Kosovo (LDK) any academic quality and lost Today, to be an academic A large number of academic erable lacking of staff with the has led the Ministry of Educa- any integrity of the academic staff in UP, you must necessar- staff, be that of Prishtina Uni- highest degree, PHD. From the tion since after the war, which staff. It has transformed UP ily be a vassal of politics and be versity, or private colleges, hold information Preportr has ob- had little or no impact at all in into a base from where it aims stripped of any academic and high political positions or act tained from websites of three the University, it appears that to mobilize its constituency by professional attributes. as directors of departments in faculties, the Law, Economic UP has always been command- using it for electoral purposes. This research by Preportr government institutions. and Philosophy, it results that ed by the Democratic Party of For years on end, the Univer- has found that there is in this According to the findings of half of the staff is with a mas- Kosovo (PDK), through its ‘aca- sity has functioned around a high education institution, an Preportr, it results that a large ter’s degree. demic’ mercenaries. vicious circle between politics interconnected triangle of the part of the academic staff of UP, Preportr’s findings have The powerful and direct in- and higher education. impact of politics upon the re- but also private colleges are ei- shown that the recruitment of fluence of LDK in UP, according While UP has been exploited cruitment of academic staff, and ther direct part of politics , ore academic staff in UP, but also to Dukagjin Popovci, ended in as a base for launching many the selection of leading bodies. faithfully serve it . the selection of governing bod- October 1st 1997. current politicians into politics, In addition, the research shows Prishtina University in this ies cannot be carried out with- The entire leading structure it has also used the University that there is a strong link be- case is the biggest victim since out a political affiliation or sup- of UP, ever since after the war, to decorate itself with the aca- tween the high public positions, almost all professors who are port, the Democratic Party of has either followed directly by demic cloak, in order to obtain state governing bodies, and the also politicians, consider their Kosovo being the leader in this. politics, or indirectly was linked JUNE 2014 | NR 8 MONTHLY NEWSPAPER 3 with politics by serving all par- Bajrami were committing an- ties who had power. other violation – they had begun THE NUMBER OF OFFICIALS But, the use of politics to THE OVERALL NUMBER OF building their houses without benefit positions in university POLITICIANS AND HIGH PUBLIC a permit. At the time when the WHO HAVE POLITICAL POSTS has not been a one-way road. houses were built, the Director Many professors and assistants OFFICIALS WHO WORK IN THE of Urbanism, Lulzim Nixha had AND WHO HAVE BEEN IN- have exploited the university UNIVERSITY OF PRISHTINA AND reacted. to obtain important political PRIVATE COLLEGES: Following Kelmendi, for VOLVED IN PUBLIC UNIVERSI- posts, be that as members of a short period of time Arsim parliament, political advisors, Bajrami became rector of the TIES AND PRIVATE COLLEGES ministers, deputy ministers, University, who derived di- municipal assembly presidents, rectly from politics. Bajrami etc. was dismissed from the post OFFICIALS WHO HOLD PUBLIC POSTS Even student organizations, by the Minister of Education, ARE INVOLVED IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE which never dealt with student Rexhep Osmani, coming from 50 UNIVERSITIES problems, sided with politics LDK, with the reasoning that when it needed them. This 102OFFICIALS WHO HAVE POLITI- Bajrami was appointed in this POLITICAL OFFICIALS ARE INVOLVED IN support was not offered only post in an unlawful manner. CAL POSTS AND WHO HOLD HIGH PUBLIC UNIVERSITIES when ex-soldiers of KLA were PUBLIC OFFICES WORK IN UP AND The University was led for a few being accused, or sentenced for months by the Leading Council. 22 PRIVATE COLLEGES. war crimes. Leaders of student In 2006, Enver Hasani was POLITICAL OFFICIALS ARE INVOLVED IN organizations who dealt with elected rector of the University. PRIVATE COLLEGES politics more than with student During his mandate, Hasani 19 problems, today have very im- In its research, Preportr tried to restore order by iden- POLITICAL OFFICIALS ARE INVOLBED portant positions in institutions has found that many of min- tifying professors who had IN PUBLIC AND UNIVERSITIES AND of Kosovo. isters, members of parliament, plagiarized their PhD degrees. 08 PRIVATE COLLEGES political advisors, department For this action, Hasani did not University of politics receive any support from any- directors of different govern- POLITICAL OFFICIAL WORKS IN TWO Prishtina University, since one. Even the Leading Council ment institutions are professors PRIVATE COLLEGES its establishment, has been the in Prishtina University but also was divided on the matter, some right arm of the most important in private colleges. being pro and some against it. 01 political events Kosovo went Academicians of the execu- Consequently, even during through. Established in 1971, tive: Hasani’s time, not much was UP has been the leader of most Members of the Parliament done in depoliticizing UP and important processes Kosovo of Kosovo who work as lectur- carrying out reforms. THE NUMBER OF HIGH PUB- went through beginning from ers in UP but also in private The most significant inter- demonstrations of 1981 and the colleges. ferences of politics were com- LIC OFFICIALS WHO WORK IN events of 1997. In Presidency of Kosovo mitted during the time when The role of the university Municipal Mayors Muje Rugova served as rector THE GOVERNMENT AND WHO has changed throughout the Ladies of the Academy of UP. During his mandate, years. After the war, the efforts Rugova committed numerous of few people from the academic Leading structures derived violations. The last two years ARE INVOLVED IN PUBLIC world who were committed to from politics of his mandate, he was in the depoliticizing this institution Immediately after the war, position unlawfully, since he AND PRIVATE UNIVERSITIES: did not yield any fruits. The Zejnel Kelmendi came in as had reached the age of 65 and more years go by, UP is being should have been retired. head of University. Apart from HIGH PUBLIC OFFICIALS ARE IN- exploited by politics for narrow occasionally serving political Mujë Rugova served favors VOLVED IN PUBLIC AND PRIVATE UNI- interests of political groups or parties, she did not make any to powerful people of PDK. other groups of interest. important impact in reforming During his time, Bekim Haxhiu 52 VERSITIES (EXCLUDING THE MINISTRY The latest elections of the and increasing the quality of the – Kamishi, deputy from PDK OF HEALTH) leading structures of this uni- University. and former member of SHIK versity only proved this even This work was done by became an assistant professor. OFFICIALS ARE INVOLVED IN THE more. Apart from the rector Georg Woeber, special advi- In Haxhiu’s case, all recruit- PUBLIC UNIVERSITY who came directly from politics sor for high education in the ment criteria for the selection 19 and who actively contributed of new academic staff were Ministry of Education. OFFICIALS ARE INVOLVED IN THE to it during the elections cam- violated. The stumbling in high PUBLIC UNIVERSITY AND PRIVATE paign, also other members of education, he justified with Just for days short of com- COLLEGES the Leading Council, and some conditions through which this pleting his three-year mandate 08 faculty deans have derived from institution had gone, the only as rector of Prishtina Univer- political affiliations. high education institution at sity, Rugova issued two deci- OFFICIALS ARE INVOLVED IN PRI- “Politics is present in the that time. In Woeber’s time, sions, according to which 16 VATE COLLEGES University of Prishtina and this Prishtina University acquired candidates obtained the right 25 situation continues from mid its statute.
Recommended publications
  • Fostering Sustainable Development Through Creation of Knowledge Society” May 17-18Th, 2014 Peja, Republic of Kosovo
    International Conference “Fostering Sustainable Development through creation of Knowledge Society” May 17-18th, 2014 Peja, Republic of Kosovo The List of Submited Abstracts (Deadline for Submission: March 31st, 2014; Confirmation of acceptance of abstract is April 08. 2014) Affiliation Country Sended No. Author (s) email Title of the Paper (Abstract) on: Reformation and decentralization of tax system, in function of Kosovo municipality competences 1. Prof.Asc.Dr. Armand Krasniqi University of Prishtina, Economic Faculty Kosovo [email protected] growth - with particular emphasis on the 15.01.2014 tourism development in the municipalities of Dukagjini Region The Social Networks impact on development of 2. Msc. Kastriot Blakaj, PhD st. European College Dukagjini Kosovo [email protected] 15.01.2014 e-business and e-marketing 3. Msc. Afërdita Nimani Kosovo [email protected] The role and importance of writing in advertising 15.01.2014 Public Safety Awareness Officer Correlation between New Technology,Tourism Department for Security and Public Kosovo [email protected] 16.01.2014 4. Msc. Shpresë Mulliqi Safety (DSPS) Business reflected in modifications of Costumer Behavior Fostering Intrapreneurship through Creativity 5. Msc. Napolon Beqiri UK [email protected] and creating an Environment that supports 16.01.2014 Innovation Msc. Zaim Korsi, PhD st “Aleksandër Moisiu”, Durrës [email protected] Employee skills, a very important factor in 6. Msc. Dashurie Zeneli “Aleksandër Moisiu”, Durrës Albania [email protected] tourism grouth 18.01.2014 Msc. Arzena Korsi “Aleksandër Moisiu”, Durrës [email protected] Callenges in higher education in kosovo towards 7. Lon Laska, PhD Albania [email protected] “an educated and competitive society” 19.01.2014 Management - the major challenge of the health 8.
    [Show full text]
  • Proceedings 2013
    Proceedings International Conference www.isa-sociology.org; www.europeansociology.org; www.instituti-sociologjise.al; Organizers: Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS) Ministry of Education and Sports, Albania University Aleksander Moisiu of Durres – Albania Municipality of Durres, Albania University Academy of Applied Studies, Durres-Albania (Talenti Ed. Group) Democracy in Times of Turmoil; a multidimensional approach Durres-Albania 22-23 November 2013 © Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS) Ed: Lekë SOKOLI & Elda KUTROLLI Design: Orest MUÇA Contacts: Mobile: ++355(0)694067682; ++355(0)692032731; ++355(0)696881188 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; www.instituti-sociologjise.al; Last International Conference of the Albanian Institute of Sociology On 100 Anniversary of the Albanian Independence Proceedings International Interdisciplinary Conference Vlora-Albania 26-28 November 2012 Albanian Institute of Sociology (AIS) University Ismail Qemali of Vlora Albanian University, Tirana University Pavaresia of Vlora Universitety Reald, Vlora University Marin Barleti, Tirana “AULEDA” Local Economic Development Agency International School, Vlora CONFERENCE THEMES: Central Theme: “Identity, Image & Social Cohesion in the time of Integrations and Globalization” Other themes: by 15 Thematic Sections Special Session: The application of modern methods in aquatic environment research •410 Participants • 22 countries • plenary session • a special session • 61 parallel thematic sessions • Contents: I. General Conference Program
    [Show full text]
  • DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS E-SOCIETY CONFERENCE Book Of
    PUBLIC UNIVERSITY “KADRI ZEKA” GJILAN FACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCES 1ST DIGIDAY CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS e-SOCIETY CONFERENCE Book of Abstracts 30-31 May 2019, Gjilan, Kosovo 2 PUBLIC UNIVERSITY “KADRI ZEKA” GJILAN FACULTY OF COMPUTER SCIENCES 1ST DIGIDAY CONFERENCE: DEVELOPMENT TOWARDS e-SOCIETY CONFERENCE Book of Abstracts 30-31 May 2019, Gjilan, Kosovo 3 The DiGiDay-Conference 2019 is organized under the auspices of the Rector of the University - Prof.Asoc.Dr. Bajram Kosumi Development towards e-Society Conference, Book of Abstracts of the DiGiDay Conference 2019, 30-31 may 2019, Gjilan, Republic of Kosovo Editor: Xhevdet Thaqi Technical editor designer: Lindita Nebiu Hyseni, Kastriot Dȅrmaku Published in 2019 by Faculty of Computer Sciences of “Kadri Zeka” University, str. Zija Shemsiu nn, 60000 Gjilan, Republic of Kosovo. Allowed for publishing, by decision of Council of FCS nr. XIX of 23.04.2019. 4 About the Conference The 1st DiGiDay Conference 2019 is organised by the Faculty of Computer Sciences of Public University “Kadri Zeka” in Gjilan (UKZ) in cooperation with: University of Montengero, Podgorica, Montenegro University of Korca “Fan S. Noli” , Albania University of Elabasan “Aleksander Xhuvani”, Albania University “Mother Tereza” Skopje, North Macedonia University of Vlora “Ismail Qemajli”, Albania University of Mitrovica “Isa Boletini”, Kosovo Note Proposals for papers/presentation at the conference are submitted in two categories: o Empirical/theoretical research (session I) o Practitioner presentation (session II) Abstracts are requested to be sent no later than 15th of May 2019 via e- mail: [email protected], or to xhevdet.thaqi@uni- gjilan.net Full articles should be submitted after conference - till 30th of June 2019.
    [Show full text]
  • Annual Public Funding Report 2019
    Qeveria e Kosovës Vlada Kosova - Government of Kosovo Qeveria - Vlada - Government ANNUAL REPORT ON PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR NON GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS IN REPUBLIC OF KOSOVO FOR YEAR 2019 Address: Tel.: E-mail: Government building +383 (0) 38 200 14 070 [email protected] Office of the Prime Minister Office for Good Governance http://zqm.rks-gov.net Floor 6 Nr. 602 APRIL 2020 1 TABEL OF CONTENTS LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS........................................................................................................................... 3 1. INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................3 1.1 Methodology Used ....................................................................... .............................................5 2. GENERAL REPORTING DATA BY THE BUDGETARY ORGANIZATIONS ............................................ 8 2.1 Reporting by the Budgetary Organizations .................................................................................. 8 2.2 Data on the Reporting by Each Budgetary Organization ................................................................ 9 3. GENERAL DATA ON THE PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE NGOs AT THE MINISTRY, MUNICIPALITY AND OTHER INDEPENDENT AGENCY LEVEL ............................................................... 13 4. DATA ON THE PUBLIC FINANCIAL SUPPORT FOR THE NGOs BY MINISTRIES, MUNICIPALITIES AND OTHER AGENCIES .......................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • College of Law Commencement Program
    COMMENCEMENT Claude W. Pettit College of Law One Hundred and Thirty-Sixth Year May 8, 2021 OHIO NORTHERN UNIVERSITY COMMENCEMENT Claude W. Pettit College of Law Dial-Roberson Stadium Saturday, May 8, 2021 9:00 a.m. President Daniel A. DiBiasio Presiding Instrumental Prelude ........................................................................................................................................... Symphonic Band Academic Procession (Audience please rise.) Invocation ....................................................................................................................... The Reverend Dr. David E. MacDonald University Chaplain National Anthem ................................................................................................................................................ Ms. Deanna Cira Trustees Welcome .......................................................................................................Dr. Daniel B. Walker, BSCE ’71, Hon.D.’19 Chairman, Board of Trustees Remarks by Graduating Students ...................................................................................... Mr. Gabe Rastatter & Mr. Scott Smith Special Music ....................................................................................................................................................... Symphonic Band Dr. Charles Bates, Professor of Music, Conductor, Symphonic Band Remarks by Dean of the College of Law ................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Kosova Accreditation Project Report July 2008 London 2008
    Kosova Accreditation Project Report July 2008 London 2008 1 Kosova Accreditation Project July 2008 Prepared by Prof Steve Bristow and Dr Stephen Vickers. Copyright © 2008 by the British Accreditation Council All rights reserved. Short sections of text, not to exceed two paragraphs, may be quoted without express permission provided that full credit is given to the source. For any permissions inquiry, please contact the BAC using the address below. Published by: The British Accreditation Council 44 Bedford Row London WC1R 4LL E-mail: [email protected] Telephone: +44 (0) 20 7447 2584 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7447 2585 2 Kosova Accreditation Project July 2008 Table of Contents A: Executive Summary ................................................................................................... 5 B: The task ..................................................................................................................... 6 C: Methodology adopted................................................................................................ 7 D: Summary of inspections ............................................................................................ 8 E: Some general impressions formed during inspections ................................................ 9 Unfinished business .................................................................................................... 9 Aims, objectives and provision ................................................................................... 9 Organization and Quality Assurance..........................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Compendium of Participants
    Nordic-Baltic-Western Balkans Erasmus+ Contact Seminar, 2015 COMPENDIUM OF PARTICIPANTS Belgrade, Serbia (November 3-4) Pristina, Kosovo (November 5-6) 2 Nordic-Baltic contact seminar in Western Balkans 2015 Looking for partners and new openings in Western Balkans? Come and discover your opportunities and network with higher education institutions from the area. C O N T E N T Participation * = Belgrade, Serbia (3-4 Nov 2015) i ** = Pristina, Kosovo (5-6 Nov 2015) i This designation is without prejudice to positions on status, and is in line with UNSCR 1244 and the ICJ Opinion on the Kosovo declaration of independence *** = Both locations (3-6 Nov 2015) Academic Academic field Academic Academic field field No. field No. 1. Education 15. Manufacturing and processing 2. Arts 16. Architecture and construction 3. Humanities (except languages) 17. Agriculture 4. Languages 18. Forestry 5. Social and behavioral sciences 19. Fisheries 6. Journalism and information 20. Veterinary 7. Business and administration 21. Health 8. Law 22. Welfare 9. Biological and related sciences 23. Personal services 10. Environment 24. Hygiene and occupational health services 11. Physical sciences 25. Security services 12. Mathematics and statistics 26. Transport services 13. Information and Communication Technologies 27. Other (ICTs) 14. Engineering and engineering trades 3 Academic field(s) 7,12,14,16, 21 Name, surname Edmond Hajderi * Institution Catholic University "Our Lady of Good Counsel" Work title/position Prof., Secretary General Email [email protected]
    [Show full text]
  • Book of Abstracts September 7, 2019 @ AAB College
    INTERNATIONAL ICLLE CONFERENCE ON LINGUISTICS, LITERATURE 2019 AND EDUCATION September 7, 2019 @ AAB College Prishtina - Republic of Kosovo Book of Abstracts http://konferencat.aab-edu.net/iclld2019 Organized by: In partnership with: AAB College 4TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON LINGUISTICS, LITERATURE AND EDUCATION September 7, 2019 @AAB College Pristina, Republic of Kosovo BOOK OF ABSTRACTS http://konferencat.aab-edu.net/iclld2019/ Organized by: AAB COLLEGE In partnership with: Pedagogical University of Cracow Aleksander Moisiu University, Durres University "St. Kliment Ohridski" Bitola ICLLE 2019 The fourth conference on Linguistics, Literature and Education 2019 organised by AAB College in partnership with the Pedagogical University of Cracow, Poland, Aleksander Moisiu University, Durres, Albania, and the University "St. Kliment Ohridski" in Bitola, North Macedonia, will bring together renowned researchers, scholars and practitioners in the field of Linguistics, Literature and Education with the aim of presenting their academic achievements as well as discussing and exchanging a multitude of issues related to the relevant topics of the conference. In recent years, AAB College has transformed itself into a center of research and an important scientific setting for various foreign and Albanian linguists and scholars, who are building bridges of cooperation in the region and beyond. Thus far, various linguistic topics with different thematic foci, and methodological approaches have been exchanged, ranging from the study of language in educational contexts to the social role of English, Albanian and literary studies, discourse analysis, pragmatics etc. This year’s conference will serve as a channel of research exchange for a broader scope of different disciplines including and not limited to linguistics, literary studies, translation studies, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Access to Higher Education in Kosovo Xhavit Rexhaj AAB University
    ACADEMIA ISSN, 2241-1402 http://hepnet.upatras.gr Volume 5, Number 1, 2015 Access to higher education in Kosovo Xhavit Rexhaj Dukagjin Pupovcii AAB University Kosova Education Center Abstract During the last decade alone, Kosovo saw higher education institutions going from a phase of low access (less than 12 % in the age group) and relatively poor quality of education and research in one public institution to massive access, very poor quality of education and total lack of research in seven public and over twenty private higher education institutions. Higher education in Kosovo is going through a phase of significant albeit uncontrolled and unplanned, increase of access to higher education. Information available shows that for political reasons the government is establishing new universities in all the bigger cities in Kosovo. These policies have resulted in four new universities being established in the last two years alone. Besides being labeled as 'universities ' against respective legal provisions, they are not preceded by a needs assessment or business plan, they remain underfunded and budgets are allocated only after months in operation, they operate with sparse administration and the new management is manned largely from among the members of the ruling coalition parties. This situation renders Kosovo higher education poles apart from that in any other country in the region. Key words Access, Universities, Regional, Second Chance, Quality, Private Sector, Equality. http://academia.lis.upatras.gr/ Rexhai Xhavit – Pupovci Dukagiin Vol. 5, Number 1, 2015 Introduction With a surface area of 10.908 sq.km Kosovo is the smallest country in the Balkans, landlocked between Albania, Montenegro, Serbia and Macedonia.
    [Show full text]
  • Role of Tourism in Rural Development of Dukagjini Region in Kosovo
    Die approbierte Originalversion dieser Dissertation ist in der Hauptbibliothek der Technischen Universität Wien aufgestellt und zugänglich. http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at Faculty of The approved original version of this thesis is Architecture available at the main library of the Vienna University of Technology. and Spatial Planning http://www.ub.tuwien.ac.at/eng Role of Tourism in Rural Development of Dukagjini Region in Kosovo Candidate: Bujar Demjaha Student No: 1128691 Submitted for the PhD degree in Spatial Planning Faculty of Architecture and Spatial Planning - Vienna University of Technology Mentor: Sibylla Zech, Univ. Prof. Dipl.-Ing Co Mentor: Thomas Dillinger, Assistant Prof. Dipl.-Ing. Dr.techn 28th October, 2015 Kurzfassung Das Hauptziel dieser Doktorthesis ist es, zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung der ländlichen Gebiete in der Region Dukagjin beizutragen. Ländliche Gebiete in Südosteuropa waren nach dem Unterschiedsparadigma Stadt-Land entwickelt, weshalb diese Gebiete auch zurück geblieben waren, und die dort lebende Bevölkerung, in einigen Fällen auch heutzutage mit extremer Armut konfrontiert wird. In Bezug auf die Entwicklung der ländlichen Gebiete greift diese Doktorthesis auf ein Gesamtkonzept, in dem sie die wirtschaftliche und räumliche Entwicklung, über den ländlichen Tourismus, zu einer nachhaltigen Entwicklung, steuert. Sie beabsichtig die Problematik auf eine komplexe Weise zu betrachten und behandeln, indem Potenziale, laut der Philosophie „schützen, während nutzen“ erhalten werden, und die Entwicklung des ländlichen Dukagjins auf eigene bzw. Kräfte der Gemeinschaft basiert. Dieser Ansatz, bekannt als eine endogene Entwicklung, hat in diesen Gebieten sporadisch auch früher, historisch stattgefunden. Der Überlebenskampf in ländlichen Gebieten dieser Region, hat der Bevölkerung eine Entwicklung, die in der Vergangenheit spontan erfolgt ist, und auf familiäre Einheiten basierten, imponiert.
    [Show full text]