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Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) Associations in the Valencian Community (Spain)

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Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) Associations in the Valencian Community (Spain) Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 16, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 Earthworms (Annelida, Oligochaeta) associations in the Valencian Community (Spain) Antonio Perez-Onteniente 1, Jorge Mateu^ 1 Departament de Biologia Animal Facultat de Ciencies biologiques. Universitat de Valencia. 46100 Burjassot, Valencia, Spain. ^Departament de Matematiques. Universitat Jaume I. Campus PenyetaRoja. 12071 Castellon, Spain. Abstract In this paper a series of associations of earthworms found in the Valencian Community are characterized. The different associations are located in fixed climatic environments and habitats existing in the whole area of study. Several multivariate statistical techniques based on multivariate dependencies together with new association indexes defined in this paper have been applied. 1 Introduction Earthworms associations have been defined by Nordstrom & Rundgren^ as "constitued by the earthworms living together in a limited, almost homogeneous area". Precedent studies about it have been made, among others, by Nordstrom & Rundgren^ for the South of Sweden. Concerning Spain, Alvarez^ and Lopez Echezarreta^ offer observations without quantifying the data, and Moreno & Diaz Cosin^ Diaz Cosin, Jesus & Moreno^, Diaz Cosin, Moreno & JesusG, Jesus, Moreno & Diaz Cosin^ Mato et al.™ and Perez Onteniente^ study the associations quantitatively, using different indexes. The area of study consists of The Valencian Community which is located in the East of Iberian Peninsula and includes the coastal fringe of the Mediterranean Sea from the 40° 47' N to the 37° 51'N and from the 0°31'E to 1°32'W. Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 16, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 478 Ecosystems and Sustainable Development 2 Material and methods A series of eighty-two samples in soil plots of 0.5 m% have been taken. The samples were distributed by different habitats, bioclimatic levels, ombroclimates, and climatic units of the studied area, using the formalin-hand sorting method. It is possible to find all of them in Perez Onteniente^. The sampled individuals were fixed in a solution 1:1 of alcohol 96° and formalin 10%, and conserved in a solution of 10% formalin. For their identification were employed among others the works of Alvarez^, Bouche^ and Sims & Easton^. The numerical methods included the application of Sorensen's Association Index (AIS), Unidirectional Association Index of Moreno & Diaz Cosin (UAI) and the Association Among n Species Index (IANE). The first two can be consulted in Sorensen^ and Moreno & Diaz Cosin ^ respectively. The third one, specially elaborated for this paper, is a generalization of Sorensen's Index to quantify the observations of three or more joined species since the AIS and the UAI only consider pairs of species. Its expression is : where n=number of species in association, J=number of samples where n species appear simultaneously, Z M. ^addition from Ml to n of number of samples in which each one of the n species considered appear (alone or accompanied). Multivariate statistical cluster analysis based on Ward method and City Block measure^ were also applied to detect significant associations. 3 Results 3.1 Faunistic The species found were the following (abbreviations in brackets): Hormogaster pretiosa hispanica (Michaelsen,1925) (Hph), Hormogaster pretiosa arrufati (Alvarez, 1977) (Hpa), Allolobophora caliginosa caliginosa (Savigny,1826) (Ace), Allolobophora caliginosa trapezoides (Duges,1828) (Act), Allolobophora chlorotica (Savigny,1826) (Ach), Allolobophora georgi (Michaelsen,1890) (Age), Allolobophora minuscula (Rosa, 1905) (Ami), Allolobophora pyrenaica (Cognetti,1904) (Apy), Allolobophora rosea (Savigny,1826) (Aro), Dendrobaena byblica (Rosa, 1893) (Dby), Dendrobaena cognetti (Michaelsen,1903) (Deo), Dendrobaena osellai (Zicsi,1970) (Dos), Dendrobaena pseudorrosea (Moreno, Jesus & Diaz Cosin, 1982) (Dps), Dendrodrilus rubidus (Savigny,1826) (Drb), Eisenia fetida (Savigny,1826) (Efe), Eiseniella tetraedra (Savigny,1826) (Ete), Lumbricus castaneus Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 16, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 Ecosystems and Sustainable Development 479 (Savigny,1826) (Lea), Lumbricus friendi (Cognetti,1904) (Lfr), Octodrilus complanatus (Duges,1828) (Oco), Octodrilus lissaensis (Michaelsen,1891) (Oli), Octodrilus transpadanus (Rosa, 1884) (Otr), Octolasion cyaneum (Savigny,1826) (Ocy), Octolasion lacteum lacteum (Oerley,1881) (Oil), Octolasion lacteum gracile (Oerley,1885) (Olg), Amynthas corticis (Kinberg,1867) (Aco), Eukerria saltensis (Beddard,1895) (Esa), Ocnerodrilus occidentalis (Risen,!874) (Ooc), Microscolex dubius (Fletcher, 1887) (IVldu), Microscolex phosphoreus (Duges,1837) (Mph), Allolobophora n. sp. 1 (Amt), Allolobophora n. sp. 2 (Aca). The two latest species are supposed to be new species for the science and will be described in further works. 3.2 Values of the AIS, UAI and IANE These indexes were applied only to the species presented in more of 5% of the samples, a total of 14 (see Tables 1, 2, 3). Table 1: Values of the Sorensen's Association Index (AIS) (xlOO). Key of symbols: + : 30-50, ++ : 51-70, +++ : 71-100. Act ^cc Aro Age Ach Lfr Ete Oco Olg Ocy Drb Mph Mdu Amt Act XX 10 76 10 32 14 40 54 10 14 17 41 23 3 Ace XX 7 20 38 40 27 5 60 0 33 0 0 0 Aro +++ XX 11 32 7 29 52 0 14 10 36 17 7 Age XX 29 20 18 16 0 20 0 0 0 0 Ach + + + XX 29 24 38 19 29 17 11 8 10 Lfr + XX 18 16 40 40 17 0 0 0 Ete + XX 29 27 9 42 5 16 0 Oco ++ ++ + XX 0 22 10 15 15 5 Olg ++ + XX 0 50 0 0 0 Ocy + 0 XX 0 0 0 Drb 4- + + XX 7 13 0 Mph + + XX 29 0 Mdu XX 0 Amt XX The AIS measures the relation between the number of samples in which two species are together and the total number of these ones in which these species are present. Table 2: Values of the Unidirectional Association Index (UAI) (xlOO). Act Ace Aro Age Ach Lfr Ete Oco Olg Ocy Drb Mph Mdu Amt Act 6 75 6 21 8 26 43 6 8 9 28 13 2 Ace 60 40 20 80 40 60 20 60 0 40 0 0 0 Transactions on Ecology and the Environment vol 16, © 1997 WIT Press, www.witpress.com, ISSN 1743-3541 480 Ecosystems and Sustainable Development Aro 77 4 6 21 4 19 42 0 8 6 25 10 4 Age 60 20 60 60 20 40 60 0 20 0 0 0 0 Ach 69 25 69 19 19 25 56 13 19 13 13 6 6 Lfr 80 40 40 20 60 40 60 40 40 20 0 0 0 Etc 82 18 59 12 24 12 41 18 6 29 6 12 0 Oco 72 3 69 9 28 9 22 0 13 6 13 9 3 Olg 60 60 0 0 40 40 60 0 0 60 0 0 0 Ocy 80 0 80 20 60 40 20 80 0 0 0 0 0 Drb 71 29 43 0 29 14 71 29 43 0 14 14 0 Mph 75 0 65 0 10 0 5 20 0 0 5 20 0 Mdu 88 0 63 0 13 0 25 38 0 0 13 50 0 Amt 20 0 40 0 20 0 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 The IAU describes the affinity of each member of the pair with the other. Table 3: Values of the Association Among n Species Index (IANE) taken in groups of three each time. Only the quotients higher than 0.00 are represented here (xlOO). Key of symbols: A =15-25, D= 26-35, •= 36-50. Act-Acc-Oco 3.3 Act-Lfr-Ocy 9.5 Aro- Age- Ach 8.2 Age-Ete-Ocy 11.1 Act- Ace- Aro 2.7 Act-Lfr-Drb 4.6 Aro-Age-Lfr 4.8 Age-Oco-Ocy 7.1 Act-Acc-Ach 12.1 Act-Ete-Oco 17.6A Aro-Age-Ete 8.1 Ach-Lfr-Ete 7.9 Act-Acc-Lfr 9.5 Act-Ete-Olg 8.0 Aro-Age-Oco 6.7 Ach-Lfr-Oco 5.7 Act-Acc-Ete 8.0 Act-Ete-Ocy 4.0 Aro-Age-Ocy 4.8 Ach-Lfr-Olg 23.1 A Act-Acc-Olg 9.5 Act-Ete-Drb 15.6A Aro-Ach-Lfr 4.1 Ach-Lfr-Ocy 11.5 Act-Acc-Drb 4.6 Act-Ete-Mph 3.3 Aro-Ach-Ete 10.6 Ach-Lfr-Drb 10.7 Act- Aro- Amt 2.7 Act-Ete-Mdu 7.7 Aro-Ach-Oco 21.0A Ach-Ete-Oco 9.2 Act- Aro- Age 5.5 Act-Oco-Mdu 6.4 Aro-Ach-Ocy 12.3 Ach-Ete-Olg 7.9 Act- Aro- Ach 19.8A Act-Oco-Ocy 10.0 Aro-Ach-Drb 4.0 Ach-Ete-Drb 7.5 Act-Aro-Lfr 5.5 Act-Oco-Drb 6.5 Aro-Ach-Mph 3.4 Ach-Oco-Ocy 17.0A Act-Aro-Ete 22.1 A Act-Oco-Mph 1 1 .4 Aro-Ach-Mdu 4.0 Ach-Oco-Drb 5.5 Act-Aro-Oco43.8" Act-Olg-Drb 4.6 Aro-Ach-Amt 4.1 Ach-Oco-Mph 8.8 Act-Aro-Ocy 8.2 Act-Drb-Mph 3.8 Aro-Lfr-Ete 4.0 Ach-Oco-Mdu 5.4 Act-Aro-Drb 8.0 Act-Drb-Mdu 4.4 Aro-Lfr-Oco 6.7 Ach-Olg-Drb 10.7 Act-Aro-Mph 26. 4 D Act-Mph-Mdu 14.8 Aro-Lfr-Ocy 9.7 Ach-Drb-Mph 7.0 Act-Aro-Mdu 13.2 Acc-Aro-Age 4.8 Aro-Ete-Oco 17.8A Ach-Drb-Mdu 9.7 Ace- Aro- Ach 8.2 Aro-Ete-Ocy 4.0 Ach-Mph-Mdu 6.8 Act- Age- Ach 4.1 Act-Age-Lfr 4.8 Acc-Aro-Ete 8.1 Aro-Ete-Drb 7.9 Lfr-Ete-Oco 5.6 Acc-Aro-Oco 3.4 Aro-Ete-Mph 3.4 Lfr-Ete-Olg 11.1 Act-Age-Ete 4.0 Act-Age-Oco 10.0 Acc-Age-Ach 11.5 Aro-Ete-Mdu 3.9 Lfr-Ete-Ocy 11.1 Act-Age-Ocy 4.8 Acc-Age-Ete 11.1 Aro-Oco-Ocy 13.4 Lfr-Ete-Drb 10.3 Act- Ach- Amt 4.1 Acc-Ach-Lfr 23.1 A Aro-Oco-Drb 6.6 Lfr-Oco-Ocy 14.3 Act-Ach-Lfr 12.2 Acc-Ach-Ete 23.
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